2016 State of Poverty Report: A Portrait of Ohio Families by Ohio Association of Community Action Agencies

Ohio Association of Community Action Agencies Philip E. Cole, J.D., Executive Director Kathryn A. Clausen, Communications Director Josh Summer, Development Director 50 West Broad Street, Suite 1616 Columbus, OH 43215 phone: 614-224-8500 fax: 614-224-2587 www.oacaa.org The Ohio Association of Community Action Agencies (OACAA) exists to support, unify, and strengthen the Community Action Network in Ohio. Serving the needs of low-income families and individuals, Ohioâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s forty-eight Community Action Agencies provide resources and opportunities to alleviate poverty and help all Ohioans become fully self-sufficient. Each independent nonprofit agency is locally controlled and provides services unique to their communities so that low-income households can overcome their unique barriers. Agencies take a wholistic approach to not only assist with the emergency needs of today but to build a foundation for long-term success tomorrow. Our network employs 6,500 people who administer over $450 million and serve over 700,000 Ohioans annually. Our 50-year history of helping people and changing lives not only seeks solutions to strengthen families but also communities. Community Research Partners Lynnette Cook, Ph.D., Executive Director Megan Johanson, Ph.D., Director of Research and Data Services Becky Zwickl, Assistant Director, Quality Assurance Marcus Erridge, Senior Research Associate Jacob Cunliffe, Research Associate Bruce Jones, Research Associate Marc Rostan, Research Associate 399 E. Main Street, Suite 100 Columbus, Ohio 43215 phone: 614-224-5917 www.researchpartners.org Community Research Partners is a nonprofit research center that strengthens Ohio communities through data, information, and knowledge. CRP is a partnership of the City of Columbus, United Way of Central Ohio, The Ohio State University, and the Franklin County Commissioners. CRP is the Columbus partner in the National Neighborhood Indicators Partnership. Editorial Partners Leah D. Hackleman-Good, Ph.D. Editorial.Partners 740.654.1260 Information design for research, education, and business

This report is supported in whole or in part through a grant from the Ohio Development Services Agency (ODSA). However, the information contained in the report does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of ODSA.

Letter from the Executive Director

ach of Ohioâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s 88 counties has their own unique composition and challenges. From Cuyahoga County, in which 1.2 million people reside with an 18.2% poverty rate, to Scioto County where just under 77,000 reside with a 23% poverty rate, the dynamics of each area vary as do the solutions. Though the causes and success strategies may differ, the common goal stays the same: to alleviate poverty. Throughout this report, you will learn how growing trends across Ohio keep us connected. And by identifying those trends, we can move forward to develop solutions to combat the contributing causes or conditions. In this report, you will learn about the growing number of grandparent caregivers and the challenges many are faced with while aging and surviving on a fixed income. You will learn about the growing number of food insecure college students and the campuses that are working to satisfy their immediate food needs. This report will illustrate the necessary steps to self-sufficiency in a single-parent, two-child home while earning minimum wage to anecdotally illustrate the likelihood of that parent being pulled up by their bootstraps. And you will learn some of the many hurdles faced by families in the foster care system. Where unique challenges are present, unique solutions must be deployed. That is why over 6,500 Community Action professionals in Ohio work tirelessly to create innovative programs to alleviate poverty and strengthen communities by increasing self-sufficient households. Families and individuals can slip into poverty for any number of reasons, but by providing emergency assistance when necessary, and backing that up with tools and resources to build long-term success, Community Action continues to make a difference. We encourage you to ask questions, get involved, and learn so we can together help low-income Ohioans become more than a poverty statistic and provide opportunities to help everyone reach their fullest potential.

Sincerely,

Philip E. Cole Executive Director Ohio Association of Community Action Agencies

Defining Poverty In order to discuss poverty it is important to first understand some of the most frequently used defintions. The measures described in this section highlight the different ways we speak about poverty and provide important context to the remainder of the report. The federal poverty measure (FPM) was developed in the early 1960s when President Lyndon Johnson declared the “War on Poverty.” It is the official measure of poverty in the United States and reports that cite the number or percentage “in poverty” are generally referring to the FPM. However, there is growing recognition that the FPM fails to sufficiently describe the population in poverty. Several other measures have been developed to provide a more holistic understanding of poverty in the United States. The FPM is based on annual household income, and as such, fails to distinguish between longterm and short-term poverty. Using a monthly poverty threshold along with data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), a national household survey designed to track participants over multiple years, the Census Bureau estimates the number of Americans experiencing chronic and episodic poverty. The chronic poverty rate is defined as the percentage of the population in poverty every month in a 36-month period, whereas episodic poverty is defined as those in poverty for at least two consecutive months in a 36-month period.

16% 32%

official annual poverty rate episodic poverty rate

See Table 3, p. 13

The episodic poverty rate in the United States is twice as high as the official annual poverty rate. Asset poverty is a measure of the financial cushion needed to withstand a financial crisis (i.e. medical emergency, job loss, etc.) and stay out of poverty for three months. Assets can be liquid or non-liquid. Liquid assets are those which can be easily exchanged for cash (e.g., gold, savings accounts, government bonds). Nonliquid assets typically must be sold (e.g., cars, homes, businesses). A household is considered asset poor if its combined assets are worth less than three months’ living expenses at the federal poverty level (FPL) threshold. Similarly, a household is considered liquid asset poor if its liquid assets alone are insufficient to meet those expenses. 2

Nearly half of Ohio households lack the liquid assets needed to stay out of poverty for 3 months.

See Table 7, p. 15

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Defining Poverty The Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM) was first developed in 2010 to take into account factors that the official FPM does not consider. The differences between the official and the supplemental measures include: how needs are measured, local housing costs, and available resources.

Federal Poverty Measure is based on 3 times the minimum food budget Supplemental Poverty Measure considers food, clothing, housing, and utilities See Table 2, p. 12

The Self-Sufficiency Standard is a measure that identifies the minimum amount of income a given household would need to adequately meet basic needs without receiving any additional public or private assistance. The measure takes into account family compositionâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;including the age of dependent childrenâ&#x20AC;&#x201D; and area cost of living to determine the minimum amount of income needed to meet basic needs. High end self-sufficiency wage: $56,220

Low end self-sufficiency wage: $35,078

Federal poverty level threshold: $24,036

See Table 5, p. 14

A family of two adults and two school-age children in Ohio needs an annual income of at least 146% of the federal poverty level to be self-sufficient.

Use the Self-Sufficency Calculator to determine income needed to meet the basic needs of a particular family type in a specific county in Ohio: www.oacaa.org/self-sufficiency-calculator/ State of Poverty 2016

Geography of Poverty

See Tables 10, 11, and 12 starting on p. 17

Data note: The yellow and green dots represent urban and suburban zip codes. Urban, suburban, and rural areas are defined by ZIP code boundaries and classified based on density of development. Classification was developed by Trulia, the real estate website, using a variety of thresholds including the density of households, business establishments, and jobs, as well as the share of auto commuters and single family homes. Rural zip codes are not marked on this map for ease of viewing. 4

Ohio Association of Community Action Agencies

Food Insecurity Food insecurity, defined by the USDA as limited or uncertain access to adequate food, affects millions of people nationwide and hundreds of thousands of Ohioans. Children are particularly affected by food insecurity; nearly one-quarter of Ohio’s youth are food insecure and 20% of those children are likely ineligible for federal nutrition assistance, such as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). However, college students are also affected. Twelve Ohio colleges and universities have food pantries on campus. An October 2016 report, Hunger on Campus, higlighted a number of startling statistics regarding hunger on college campuses, and the contributing causes, including: • Housing insecurity and food insecurity often overlap, with 64% of food insecure students also reporting housing insecurity • One in four college students are “highly nontraditional” and may struggle to pay for food because they have four of the following characteristics: financially independent, employed full time, a single parent, provide for dependents, attend college part-time, or do not have a standard high school diploma • “Nontraditional” and “highly nontraditional” students have a number of barriers to food security that traditional college students often do not encounter • Most (three-quarters) of food insecure students receive some form of financial aid

Source: Dubick, J., Mathews, B., Cady, C. Hunger on Campus, October 2016.

State of Poverty 2016

See Table 14, p. 37

Families in Poverty

See Tables 4 and 5, p. 13-14

Ohio Association of Community Action Agencies

Families in Poverty Nearly one third of households led by a single female live in poverty; that rate increases to 43.1% among single women with children under 18.

See Table 21, p. 41 and Table 24, p. 43

Ohioâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s families experience poverty for a number of different reasons. However, households that deviate from the typical nuclear family - two parents and children - often experience even higher rates of poverty. In some cases, children in Ohio move in with relatives other than parents, either through the foster care system or outside of the foster care system. The new caretaker is often reluctant to sue for legal custody for a variety of reasons, some of which are detailed in the graphic below. However, if the new caretaker continues to support the child outside of the foster care system, he or she can not access financial services available to foster parents. This can push families even deeper into poverty.

Source:The PEW Cheritable Trusts, < http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/blogs/stateline/2016/11/02/why-more-grandparents-are-raising-children>

State of Poverty 2016

Families in Poverty T

he traditional role of a grandparent has long been one of nurturer, experienced advisor, trusted confidant, and family historian. Today, however, that role has increasingly become primary caregiver. No two reasons for becoming a grandparent caregiver are the same, though some common themes have emerged including economic hardship, substance abuse, mental illness, or death. Whether a family finds themselves in a multi-generational home where families are living together, or a skipped-generation home where grandparents are the sole providers, grandparents are increasingly facing adjustments, or complete lifestyle changes, that were not planned.

while less than one in five traditional parent households are in poverty. Ohio has nearly 40,000 grandparent-caregiver households. Many relatives struggle with seeking legal guardianship for fear of hurting family members who are already struggling. Some have difficulty navigating the foster system or are unable to meet the housing requirements necessary to seek permanent custody. For whatever the reason, many nonparental caregivers do not have access to financial services available to foster parents.

Grandparents who find themselves in these long-term situations for which they had not prepared are faced with a constant struggle caring for their family and finding the financial means to do so. If they are able, At 65 years old, Nancy and Howard were often there is a struggle between returning enjoying their retirement. Howard built a to work and paying for childcare costs. new garage, and Nancy was enjoying the Some have an added challenge of making landscaping. Together, they were looking room in their home for their unexpected forward to meeting their first greatfamily growth; others face transportation granddaughter, Chloe. Soon after she was challenges. Most are working to help their born, Chloe’s mother often left her in Nancy grandchildren overcome the emotional and Howard’s care. When Chloe was 14 distress of losing their parent(s) while also months old, her visits became permanent navigating school, health, and basic needs; all custody and guardianship. Though not part are doing their best to raise children who are of their plan, Nancy said she would do what both safe and loved. she needed to ensure her safety and wellWhile grandparents may not anticipate being. once again becoming full-time caregivers, Howard passed away when Chloe was just that doesn’t make them any less capable four-years-old. Three years later, Nancy of providing a safe, caring, and nurturing received a call asking for her to care for her environment. The financial means, however, youngest great-granddaughter, Rylie, who may not be as straightforward. Community was removed from her parents’ home. Nancy Action, along with partner organizations accepted without hesitation and began across the state, strives to provide learning to navigate Rylie’s special care innovative short-term and long-term needs which include developmental delays, solutions to help local households similar to significant behaviors, medical diagnoses, Nancy’s. counseling, and education needs. Grandparent caregivers often struggle financially since many already live on a fixed income that does not increase when they gain custody. Nearly one in three grandparent households live in poverty 8

Note: Traditional parent households are led by either one or two parents with no grandparents present; skipped-generation households have a grandparent caregiver and no parent present. Some multi-generational families include both grandparents and parents.

Ohio Association of Community Action Agencies

Families in Poverty Because many grandparents live on a fixed income, when they become grandparent caregivers they often struggle because their income does not increase.

See Table 28, p. 44 for information on grandparents caring for grancdhildren with no parent pesent (skipped generation families)

Sources: (1) Kids Count Issue Brief: Ohio & Kinship Care: The Challenge for Grandparents and Other Caregivers. August 2007. (2) National report, GrandFacts: Data, Interpretation, and Implications for Caregivers, December 2009

State of Poverty 2016

Appendix List of Tables Defining Poverty Table 1. Federal poverty level thresholds by household size and number of related children, in dollars, 2015.........................................................................................................................................12 Table 2. Comparison between the Official and Supplemental Poverty Measures.......................12 Table 3. Chronic and episodic poverty rates, United States, 2005–2007 and 2009–2011......13 Table 4. Items included in the Self-Sufficiency Standard for Ohio......................................................13 Table 5. Monthly expenses and self-sufficiency wages, three Ohio counties, 2015....................14 Table 6. Asset poverty rates for Ohio and the United States, 2002–2011......................................15 Table 7. Liquid asset poverty rates for Ohio and the United States, 2006–2011.........................15

Geography of Poverty Table 8. Poverty rates for Ohio and the United States, 2010-2015...................................................16 Table 9. Change in poverty in Ohio, 2010-2015.........................................................................................16 Table 10. Population, poverty rates, and other measures of economic need, Ohio counties...17 Table 11. Change in poverty in Ohio’s urban, suburban, and rural areas, 2000–2015...............35 Table 12. Change in poverty in the urban cores and suburbs of Ohio’s largest metro areas, 2000–2015................................................................................................................................................36

Food Insecurity: Youth and Young Adults Table 13. Child poverty by age group, Ohio, 2015.....................................................................................37 Table 14. Colleges and universities with food banks, Ohio, 2015.......................................................37 Table 15. Intergenerational income mobility, Ohio, 1980–2012........................................................38 Table 16. Child food insecurity in Ohio and the United States, 2014................................................39 Table 17. Free or reduced-price lunch eligibility in Ohio and the United States, 2013/14 school year.................................................................................................................................................39

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Appendix

Families in Poverty Table 18. Income to poverty ratio by age group in Ohio, 2015............................................................40 Table 19. Poverty by race/ethnicity, Ohio, 2015........................................................................................40 Table 20. Poverty by race/ethnicity and age, Ohio, 2015.......................................................................41 Table 21. Poverty by family type, Ohio, 2015..............................................................................................41 Table 22. Poverty by race/ethnicity of householder and family type, Ohio, 2015........................42 Table 23. Poverty by work experience, Ohio, 2015..................................................................................42 Table 24. Poverty by wage-earners, work experience, and family type, Ohio, 2015...................43 Table 25. Poverty by educational attainment, Ohio, 2015.....................................................................43 Table 26. Seniors living in poverty by sex, Ohio, 2015.............................................................................44 Table 27. Grandparents responsible for grandchildren, Ohio, 2015.................................................44 Table 28. Grandparents responsible for grandchildren with no parent present, Ohio, 2015.. 44

State of Poverty 2016

Appendix Defining Poverty Table 1. Federal poverty level thresholds by household size and number of children, 2015 Household size

Number of related children under age 18 0

One person, under age 65 Age 65 and over

$12,331 $11,367 $15,871

$16,337

$14,326

$16,275

Three people

$18,540

$19,078

$19,096

Four people

$24,447

$24,847

$24,036

$24,120

Five people

$29,482

$29,911

$28,995

$28,286

$27,853

Six people

$33,909

$34,044

$33,342

$32,670

$31,670

$31,078

Seven people

$39,017

$39,260

$38,421

$37,835

$36,745

$35,473

$34,077

Eight people

$43,637

$44,023

$43,230

$42,536

$41,551

$40,300

$38,999

$38,668

Nine people or more

$51,594

$52,747

$52,046

$51,457

$50,490

$49,159

$47,956

$47,658

Two people, under age 65 Age 65 and over

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

▪▪

The U.S. Census Bureau calculates the federal poverty level (FPL) thresholds and estimates annually for the previous year, based on number of adults and number of related children under 18 The FPL is based on the cash resources shared by related individuals in a household and varies based on the number of adults and related children

▪▪

Table 2. Comparison between the Official and Supplemental Poverty Measures Official Poverty Measure

Supplemental Poverty Measure All related individuals who live at the same address and any co-resident unre-

Measurement Units

Families and unrelated individuals

lated children who are cared for by the family (such as foster children) and any co-habiters and their relatives Mean of the 30th and 36th percentile of expenditures on food, clothing, shel-

Poverty Threshold

3 times the cost of a minimum food diet

Threshold Adjust-

Vary by family size, composition, and age of house-

Geographic adjustments for differences in housing costs by tenure and a

holder

3-parameter equivalence scale for family size and composition

Consumer Price Index

5-year moving average of expenditures on food, clothing, shelter, and utilities

ments Updating Thresholds

ter, and utilities of consumer units with exactly 2 children, multiplied by 1.2

Sum of cash income; plus noncash benefits that families can use to meet their Resource Measure

Gross pre-tax cash income

food, clothing, shelter, and utilities needs; plus tax credits; minus taxes, work expenses, out-of-pocket medical expenses, and child support paid to another household

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

▪▪ ▪▪

The official measure does not account for differences in housing costs in different parts of the country The supplemental measure considers government assistance and necessary expenses to establish a more accurate amount of resources available

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Appendix Defining Poverty, continued Table 3. Chronic and episodic poverty rates, United States, 2005–2007 and 2009–2011 2005–2007 Percentage of population in poverty every month in a 36-month period (chronic poverty rate)

Percentage of population in poverty for at least 2 consecutive months in a 36-month period (episodic poverty rate)

2009–2011

3.0%

3.5%

27.1%

31.6%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Survey of Income and Program Participation Notes: Monthly poverty thresholds were calculated by multiplying the base-year annual poverty thresholds by an inflation factor relevant to the reference month and then dividing the calculated annual threshold by 12. Study was based on three-year longitudinal panels of noninstitutionalized civilians participating for 36 consecutive months.

▪▪ ▪▪ ▪▪

Using a monthly poverty threshold as opposed to an annual one allows for a deeper understanding of the duration of poverty The episodic poverty rate (31.6%) in 2009-2011 was more than twice as high as the official annual poverty rate in 2013 (16.0%, see Table 8 on page 16) Episodic poverty rates capture the many people who filter in and out of poverty, unlike the overall annual poverty rate

Table 4. Items included in the Self-Sufficiency Standard for Ohio Cost Housing

Child care

Food

Transportation

Health care

What is included in each budget item Yes: Rent, utilities, and property taxes No: Cable, internet, or telephone services (telephone service is included under miscellaneous costs) Yes: Full-time family day care for infants, full-time center care for preschoolers, and before and after school care for school-age children No: After school programs for teenagers, extracurricular activities, babysitting when not at work Yes: Groceries No: Take-out, fast-food, restaurant meals, or alcoholic beverages Yes: car ownership cost (per adult)—insurance, gasoline (including gasoline taxes), oil, registration, repairs, monthly payments—or public transportation when adequate (assuming only commuting to and from work and day care plus a weekly shopping trip) No: Non-essential travel or vacations Yes: Employer-sponsored health insurance and out-of-pocket costs No: Health savings account, gym memberships, individual health insurance Yes: Federal and state income tax and tax credits, payroll taxes, and state and local sales taxes

Taxes

No: Itemized deductions, tax preparation fees or other taxes (property taxes and gasoline taxes are included under housing and transportation costs, respectively)

Miscellaneous

Yes: Clothing, shoes, paper products, diapers, nonprescription medicines, cleaning products, household items, personal hygiene items, and telephone service No: Recreation, entertainment, pets, gifts, savings, emergencies, debt repayment (including student loans), or education

Source: University of Washington, Center for Women’s Welfare, Self-Sufficiency Standard for Ohio

▪▪ ▪▪

The Self-Sufficiency Standard is a measure that identifies the minimum amount of income a given household needs to adequately meet basic needs without receiving any additional public or private assistance It only provides the minimum to meet daily needs and does not include any allowance for savings, college tuition, debt payments, or emergencies

State of Poverty 2016

Appendix Defining Poverty, continued Table 5. Monthly expenses and self-sufficiency wages, sample counties, 2015 Erie County (middle-

Coshocton County (low)

Tuscarawas County (middle)

$716

$634

$643

$958

$1,219

$491

$716

$1,014

range, 1 adult, a

Warren County (high)

preschooler, and a school-age child) Monthly expenses Housing Child Care Food

$495

$696

$782

$812

Transportation

$254

$482

$535

Health Care

$395

$473

$475

$462

Miscellaneous

$308

$278

$310

$378

Taxes

$689

$352

$487

$793

$21.65

$8.30

$9.88

$13.31

Self-sufficiency wages Hourly wage per working adult Monthly household income Annual household income

$3,810

$2,923

$3,478

$4,685

$45,715

$35,078

$41,730

$56,220

$8.10

$19,096

$24,036

Minimum wage and poverty threshold (for comparison) 2015 Ohio Minimum Wage (hourly) 2015 federal poverty level threshold (annual)

Sources: University of Washington, Center for Women’s Welfare, Self-Sufficiency Standard for Ohio; Ohio Department of Commerce; U.S. Census Bureau Notes: Figures represent the monthly expenses and self-sufficiency wages for a family of two adults and two school-age children. These are not average or median amounts earned, but the amount needed to be self-sufficient for a family of four. Coshocton, Tuscarawas, and Warren Counties were chosen because they represent the low end (least expensive self-sufficiency wage), the middle (closest to the median of the self-sufficiency wages of all 88 counties), and high end (most expensive self-sufficiency wage) for that family type. Taxes were calculated as total tax burden minus tax credits (i.e., the Earned Income Tax Credit, the Child and Dependent Care Tax Credit, and the Child Tax Credit).

▪▪ ▪▪ ▪▪ ▪▪

The Self-Sufficiency Standard calculates the full costs of basic needs without help from public subsidies or informal assistance The measure takes into account an area’s cost of living to determine the minimum amount of income needed to meet basic needs A family of two adults and two school-age children in Ohio needs an annual household income of at least 146% FPL to be self-sufficient A family of one adult, an infant, and a preschooler needs to earn at least $45,715 a year to be self-sufficient (Erie County, mid-range for state)

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Appendix Defining Poverty, continued Table 6. Asset poverty rates for Ohio and the United States, 2002–2011 2002

2004

2006

2009

2010

2011

Ohio

22.0%

24.2%

21.9%

27.3%

26.3%

23.7%

United States

25.2%

22.4%

27.1%

26.0%

25.4%

Source: Corporation for Enterprise Development, Assets & Opportunity Scorecard; data was not collected every year

▪▪ ▪▪

Asset poverty is a measure of the financial cushion needed to withstand a financial crisis (i.e. medical emergency, job loss, etc.) One out of every four households in Ohio does not have enough combined assets to cover three months’ living expenses at the FPL threshold

Table 7. Liquid asset poverty rates for Ohio and the United States, 2006–2011 2006

2009

2010

2011

Ohio

39.5%

43.6%

43.2%

44.7%

United States

41.4%

43.1%

43.9%

43.5%

Source: Corporation for Enterprise Development, Assets & Opportunity Scorecard; data was not collected every year

▪▪ ▪▪

Liquid assets are those which can be easily exchanged for cash (e.g., gold, savings accounts, government bonds) Four out of every ten Ohio households lack the liquid assets needed to stay out of poverty for three months

State of Poverty 2016

Appendix Geography of Poverty Table 8. Poverty rates for Ohio and the United States, 2010-2015 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Ohio

15.8%

16.4%

16.3%

16.0%

15.8%

14.8%

United States

15.3%

15.9%

15.8%

15.5%

14.7%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates

▪▪

Both Ohio and U.S. poverty rates have decreased since 2010; the gap between the Ohio and U.S. poverty rates has also decreased and the two rates are now within 0.1% of each other

Table 9. Change in poverty in Ohio, 2010-2015

Population for whom poverty status is determined Persons below the poverty level

Change 2010-2015

% Change 2010-

2010

2015

11,224,969

11,295,340

+70,371

+0.6%

1,779,032

1,674,415

-104,617

-5.9%

2015

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates

▪▪

The last report found that the population in poverty was growing far faster than the state population between 2008-2013; now, the population is growing while the poverty rate is decreasing.

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Appendix Geography of Poverty, continued Table 10. Population, poverty rates, and other measures of economic need, Ohio counties Ohio

Adams

Allen

Ashland

Ashtabula

11,613,423

28,024

104,425

53,213

98,632

20.2%

3.5%

18.8%

4.1%

10.2%

+72,657

-533

-1,980

-107

-2,768

+0.6%

-1.9%

-0.2%

-2.7%

Population and population change 1

Total population, 2015

Percentage minority population, 2015

Population change, 2010-2015

Percentage population change, 2010-2015

Individual poverty rates 2

Population in poverty, 2015

1,670,487

5,893

15,229

7,190

17,636

Overall poverty rate, 2015

14.8%

21.3%

15.5%

14.1%

18.6%

21.2%

29.3%

23.4%

20.1%

28.6%

7.6%

14.2%

7.8%

6.2%

10.5%

11.2%

24.0%

14.0%

14.8%

18.4%

Child (under age 18) poverty rate, 2015

Senior (age 65 and older) poverty rate, 2015

White (non-Hispanic) poverty rate, 2015

Black/African American poverty rate, 2015

32.5%

51.1%

37.3%

36.0%

35.1%

Asian poverty rate, 2015

14.5%

1.8%

15.9%

Hispanic/Latino (of any race) poverty rate, 2015

26.4%

33.5%

37.1%

10.0%

37.5%

313,539

1,398

3,325

1,461

3,626

10.7%

18.8%

12.7%

10.5%

14.4%

6.6%

17.8%

6.5%

11.6%

10.8%

43.1%

54.2%

47.7%

41.3%

50.8%

Family poverty rates 3

Families in poverty, 2015

Family poverty rate, 2015

Married couples with related children in their care, poverty rate, 2015

Single women with related children in their care, poverty rate, 2015

Other measures of economic need 3

Percentage of population below 50% FPL, 2015

6.8%

10.3%

7.6%

5.9%

10.2%

Percentage of population below 200% FPL, 2015

32.6%

50.4%

38.5%

36.3%

43.0%

Median household income, 2015

$51,086

$36,609

$49,297

$ 48,338

$44,258

Probability a child raised in the bottom fifth rose to the top fifth, 1980–2012

5.4%

8.1%

3.2%

11.0%

7.3%

Probability a child raised in the bottom fifth stayed in the bottom fifth, 1980–2012

38.1%

34.1%

38.5%

23.7%

33.3%

Child food insecurity rate, 2014

23.8%

30.0%

24.8%

25.3%

26.1%

7.9%

5.7%

6.2%

5.8%

5.5%

Percentage of children who are both food insecure and ineligible for food assistance,

2014

Percentage of public school students K–12, free or reduced-price lunch, 2016

37.3%

60.6%

41.9%

42.5%

56.2%

Percentage of population receiving SNAP benefits, 2015

14.7%

15.5%

15.7%

11.1%

16.3%

Percentage of population who are enrolled in Medicaid, December 2014

25.0%

38.7%

25.4%

18.1%

29.9%

Percentage of population with no health insurance, 2015

6.8%

14.7%

10.0%

12.5%

12.6%

Unemployment rate, 2015

4.9%

7.9%

4.8%

5.1%

6.0%

Percentage of households receiving HEAP benefits, 2015

8.9%

25.1%

10.8%

5.6%

14.6%

Percentage of renters cost-burdened, 2015

43.3%

49.1%

48.8%

33.8%

47.9%

Percentage of owners cost-burdened, 2015

19.5%

23.9%

18.6%

21.9%

22.7%

Sources: (1) U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates; (2) U.S. Census Bureau, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE); (3) U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey (ACS); (4) Equality of Opportunity Project; (5) Feeding America, Map the Meal Gap; (6) Ohio Department of Education; (7) Ohio Department of Job and Family Services, Public Assistance Monthly Statistics; (8) Ohio Department of Medicaid, Medicaid Expenditures and Eligibles Report; (9) U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics; (10) Ohio Development Services Agency. Notes: The first column identifies the source of the data by number. For (3), Ohio numbers and percentages represent 2015 ACS one-year estimates, whereas all county numbers and percentages represent 2011–2015 ACS five-year estimates. For county poverty rates by race, ethnicity, and family type, data are suppressed here if the denominator is less than 100 individuals, as indicated with the letter “N.” For (4), probabilities are based on the current family income of a cohort of adults born between 1980 and 1982 whose family income 30 years ago was in the bottom quintile of the national income distribution at that time. State-level probability is derived by weighting county-level probabilities based on annual birth data from the U.S. Census Bureau. For (6) includes applications at traditional schools only. For (7) Defiance and Paulding were listed together in the dataset so the same percentage was applied to both counties.

State of Poverty 2016

Appendix Geography of Poverty, continued Table 10. Population, poverty rates, and other measures of economic need, Ohio counties, continued Athens

Auglaize

Belmont

Brown

Butler

65,886

45,876

69,154

43,839

376,353

10.4%

3.9%

7.1%

3.4%

17.7%

Population and population change 1

Total population, 2015

Percentage minority population, 2015

Population change, 2010-2015

Percentage population change, 2010-2015

+663

-58

-1,164

-1,044

+7,289

+1.0%

-0.1%

-1.7%

-2.3%

+2.0%

Individual poverty rates 2

Population in poverty, 2015

17,573

3,920

9,524

6,424

52,356

Overall poverty rate, 2015

31.5%

8.7%

14.6%

14.9%

14.4%

Child (under age 18) poverty rate, 2015

29.1%

11.5%

21.1%

23.6%

18.3%

Senior (age 65 and older) poverty rate, 2015

10.7%

6.7%

7.8%

9.2%

5.4%

White (non-Hispanic) poverty rate, 2015

31.2%

8.5%

13.7%

14.6%

11.3%

Black/African American poverty rate, 2015

52.4%

34.5%

23.8%

36.0%

27.2%

Asian poverty rate, 2015

53.1%

18.7%

4.8%

70.7%

14.3%

Hispanic/Latino (of any race) poverty rate, 2015

47.2%

25.9%

43.8%

5.7%

34.8%

8,928

Family poverty rates 3

Families in poverty, 2015

2,450

762

1,736

1,443

Family poverty rate, 2015

19.7%

6.1%

9.6%

12.0%

9.6%

Married couples with related children in their care, poverty rate, 2015

12.7%

4.9%

5.7%

7.4%

6.0%

Single women with related children in their care, poverty rate, 2015

62.4%

30.2%

54.2%

46.7%

40.2%

Other measures of economic need 3

Percentage of population below 50% FPL, 2015

19.0%

3.4%

6.1%

7.3%

6.8%

Percentage of population below 200% FPL, 2015

50.8%

27.8%

34.5%

38.9%

29.0%

$38,400

$58,840

$45,675

$47,202

$58,954

8.4%

11.3%

13.7%

7.2%

5.4%

Median household income, 2015

Probability a child raised in the bottom fifth rose to the top fifth, 1980–2012

Probability a child raised in the bottom fifth stayed in the bottom fifth, 1980–2012

38.7%

22.7%

23.7%

25.2%

39.8%

Child food insecurity rate, 2014

27.0%

20.1%

24.8%

24.4%

21.0%

5.7%

5.8%

8.2%

5.6%

8.2%

Percentage of children who are both food insecure and ineligible for food assistance,

2014

Percentage of public school students K–12, free or reduced-price lunch, 2016

48.5%

32.9%

45.5%

52.9%

35.4%

Percentage of population receiving SNAP benefits, 2015

20.8%

11.7%

18.9%

12.0%

11.4% 22.0%

Percentage of population who are enrolled in Medicaid, December 2014

23.6%

16.9%

24.5%

30.8%

Percentage of population with no health insurance, 2015

8.0%

6.2%

9.3%

12.2%

8.9%

Unemployment rate, 2015

6.2%

3.7%

6.3%

6.2%

4.6%

Percentage of households receiving HEAP benefits, 2015

14.1%

5.1%

9.3%

13.1%

5.4%

Percentage of renters cost-burdened, 2015

55.5%

32.1%

36.0%

35.4%

45.4%

Percentage of owners cost-burdened, 2015

21.3%

17.3%

14.8%

24.5%

21.5%

Ohio Association of Community Action Agencies

Appendix Geography of Poverty, continued Table 10. Population, poverty rates, and other measures of economic need, Ohio counties, continued Carroll

Champaign

Clark

Clermont

Clinton

27,811

38,987

135,959

201,973

41,917

3.7%

6.7%

15.7%

6.0%

6.8%

-1,014

-1,072

-2,287

+4,268

+14

-3.5%

-2.7%

-1.7%

+2.2%

+0.0%

Population and population change 1

Total population, 2015

Percentage minority population, 2015

Population change, 2010-2015

Percentage population change, 2010-2015

Individual poverty rates 2

Population in poverty, 2015

3,559

4,109

20,019

19,052

5,513

Overall poverty rate, 2015

13.0%

10.8%

15.1%

9.5%

13.6%

Child (under age 18) poverty rate, 2015

20.0%

16.2%

25.1%

13.5%

21.1%

Senior (age 65 and older) poverty rate, 2015

7.7%

3.6%

7.1%

6.0%

7.6%

White (non-Hispanic) poverty rate, 2015

15.5%

11.8%

15.5%

10.2%

14.9%

Black/African American poverty rate, 2015

25.4%

24.7%

33.4%

20.4%

30.9%

Asian poverty rate, 2015

12.7%

8.9%

2.2%

20.9%

Hispanic/Latino (of any race) poverty rate, 2015

6.9%

26.4%

33.9%

26.5%

39.3%

Family poverty rates 3

Families in poverty, 2015

814

878

4,748

3,973

1,437

Family poverty rate, 2015

10.4%

8.1%

13.2%

7.5%

12.9%

Married couples with related children in their care, poverty rate, 2015

11.8%

12.1%

8.6%

6.2%

9.7%

Single women with related children in their care, poverty rate, 2015

63.2%

25.8%

47.7%

31.2%

48.6%

Other measures of economic need 3

Percentage of population below 50% FPL, 2015

7.9%

6.0%

8.8%

4.5%

7.5%

Percentage of population below 200% FPL, 2015

36.9%

31.3%

38.9%

26.3%

36.7%

Median household income, 2015

$52,166

$58,837

$47,651

$62,214

$47,055

Probability a child raised in the bottom fifth rose to the top fifth, 1980–2012

8.9%

5.0%

4.8%

9.1%

7.3%

Probability a child raised in the bottom fifth stayed in the bottom fifth, 1980–2012

35.7%

36.3%

42.3%

37.2%

36.6%

Child food insecurity rate, 2014

25.4%

23.3%

25.5%

20.5%

25.9%

5.1%

7.7%

5.4%

9.0%

6.7%

Percentage of children who are both food insecure and ineligible for food assistance,

2014

Percentage of public school students K–12, free or reduced-price lunch, 2016

46.7%

38.9%

39.2%

37.8%

45.0%

Percentage of population receiving SNAP benefits, 2015

10.6%

13.1%

13.2%

11.9%

10.2%

Percentage of population who are enrolled in Medicaid, December 2014

22.7%

22.0%

31.2%

19.5%

28.1%

Percentage of population with no health insurance, 2015

12.9%

8.5%

9.5%

8.8%

10.7%

Unemployment rate, 2015

5.9%

4.4%

5.0%

4.5%

6.1%

Percentage of households receiving HEAP benefits, 2015

8.9%

9.7%

4.1%

16.1%

Percentage of renters cost-burdened, 2015

36.1%

42.0%

47.9%

42.4%

39.3%

Percentage of owners cost-burdened, 2015

19.2%

22.2%

19.6%

20.5%

23.2%

State of Poverty 2016

Appendix Geography of Poverty, continued Table 10. Population, poverty rates, and other measures of economic need, Ohio counties, continued Columbiana

Coshocton

Crawford

Cuyahoga

Darke

104,806

36,569

42,306

1,255,921

52,076

5.8%

4.0%

4.3%

40.2%

3.7%

-3,057

-359

-1,463

-22,305

-886

-2.8%

-1.0%

-3.3%

-1.7%

Population and population change 1

Total population, 2015

Percentage minority population, 2015

Population change, 2010-2015

Percentage population change, 2010-2015

Individual poverty rates 2

Population in poverty, 2015

14,814

5,452

6,858

224,256

4,949

Overall poverty rate, 2015

14.7%

15.1%

16.5%

18.2%

9.6%

Child (under age 18) poverty rate, 2015

22.3%

23.4%

24.4%

26.2%

15.2%

Senior (age 65 and older) poverty rate, 2015

7.7%

6.9%

10.2%

10.9%

5.2%

White (non-Hispanic) poverty rate, 2015

14.8%

15.8%

15.7%

10.2%

12.6%

Black/African American poverty rate, 2015

46.9%

17.4%

55.5%

34.2%

67.7%

Asian poverty rate, 2015

31.2%

44.7%

13.2%

19.8%

Hispanic/Latino (of any race) poverty rate, 2015

21.9%

4.0%

12.4%

31.0%

25.6%

1,403

Family poverty rates 3

Families in poverty, 2015

3,229

1,109

1,435

44,328

Family poverty rate, 2015

11.3%

11.1%

12.2%

14.5%

9.9%

Married couples with related children in their care, poverty rate, 2015

5.6%

11.4%

10.1%

7.5%

10.0%

Single women with related children in their care, poverty rate, 2015

50.7%

55.6%

54.9%

45.8%

41.2%

Other measures of economic need 3

Percentage of population below 50% FPL, 2015

6.8%

6.3%

8.0%

9.0%

4.4%

Percentage of population below 200% FPL, 2015

37.9%

42.2%

39.4%

37.2%

36.2%

Median household income, 2015

$42,301

$41,643

$41,471

$45,506

$51,131

Probability a child raised in the bottom fifth rose to the top fifth, 1980–2012

6.5%

3.5%

7.9%

3.9%

12.3%

Probability a child raised in the bottom fifth stayed in the bottom fifth, 1980–2012

29.9%

40.3%

34.5%

39.9%

23.3%

Child food insecurity rate, 2014

25.5%

27.2%

25.9%

23.0%

23.3%

6.4%

4.4%

5.4%

8.1%

6.1%

Percentage of children who are both food insecure and ineligible for food assistance,

2014

Percentage of public school students K–12, free or reduced-price lunch, 2016

51.6%

50.3%

51.7%

38.4%

36.1%

Percentage of population receiving SNAP benefits, 2015

14.9%

11.4%

13.2%

12.4%

14.3% 19.6%

Percentage of population who are enrolled in Medicaid, December 2014

27.3%

29.6%

30.0%

30.4%

Percentage of population with no health insurance, 2015

11.7%

14.4%

9.5%

9.6%

9.4%

Unemployment rate, 2015

5.9%

6.3%

5.8%

5.0%

4.2%

Percentage of households receiving HEAP benefits, 2015

14.0%

14.2%

11.7%

11.9%

8.6%

Percentage of renters cost-burdened, 2015

34.0%

39.0%

39.2%

47.6%

41.5%

Percentage of owners cost-burdened, 2015

17.1%

18.7%

19.7%

25.6%

19.1%

Ohio Association of Community Action Agencies

Appendix Geography of Poverty, continued Table 10. Population, poverty rates, and other measures of economic need, Ohio counties, continued Defiance

Delaware

Erie

Fairfield

Fayette

38,352

193,013

75,550

151,408

28,679

13.5%

16.3%

12.6%

6.9%

Population and population change 1

Total population, 2015

Percentage minority population, 2015

Population change, 2010-2015

Percentage population change, 2010-2015

-760

+17,867

-1,484

+5,023

-338

-1.9%

+10.2%

-1.9%

+3.4%

-1.2%

Individual poverty rates 2

Population in poverty, 2015

3,830

8,353

9,422

13,478

4,575

Overall poverty rate, 2015

10.2%

4.4%

12.7%

9.1%

16.3%

Child (under age 18) poverty rate, 2015

16.2%

4.7%

22.3%

12.4%

26.2%

Senior (age 65 and older) poverty rate, 2015

6.0%

5.0%

6.3%

5.7%

8.7%

White (non-Hispanic) poverty rate, 2015

12.7%

4.3%

9.1%

10.1%

17.7%

Black/African American poverty rate, 2015

24.3%

8.4%

29.3%

12.1%

23.8%

Asian poverty rate, 2015

17.6%

1.0%

13.3%

7.1%

5.4%

Hispanic/Latino (of any race) poverty rate, 2015

17.9%

11.7%

36.2%

13.5%

52.6%

Family poverty rates 3

Families in poverty, 2015

980

1,542

1,726

2,936

1,189

Family poverty rate, 2015

9.3%

3.1%

8.6%

7.3%

15.5%

Married couples with related children in their care, poverty rate, 2015

8.4%

1.5%

3.6%

3.9%

10.2%

Single women with related children in their care, poverty rate, 2015

38.8%

17.6%

44.2%

34.4%

51.4%

Other measures of economic need 3

Percentage of population below 50% FPL, 2015

6.5%

2.0%

5.7%

4.2%

8.1%

Percentage of population below 200% FPL, 2015

32.9%

13.2%

31.2%

27.3%

41.8%

Median household income, 2015

$53,936

$97,679

$48,129

$61,450

$45,068

Probability a child raised in the bottom fifth rose to the top fifth, 1980–2012

11.8%

7.5%

5.8%

6.0%

2.5%

Probability a child raised in the bottom fifth stayed in the bottom fifth, 1980–2012

27.1%

27.4%

37.3%

34.6%

51.3%

Child food insecurity rate, 2014

21.7%

15.0%

22.5%

20.4%

26.0%

5.2%

9.6%

7.7%

8.2%

6.2%

Percentage of children who are both food insecure and ineligible for food assistance,

2014

Percentage of public school students K–12, free or reduced-price lunch, 2016

39.8%

12.8%

34.4%

34.9%

54.5%

Percentage of population receiving SNAP benefits, 2015

12.3%

14.8%

12.9%

11.4%

14.0%

Percentage of population who are enrolled in Medicaid, December 2014

22.5%

7.9%

24.3%

21.7%

34.2%

Percentage of population with no health insurance, 2015

10.1%

4.4%

9.6%

7.3%

12.1%

Unemployment rate, 2015

4.9%

3.5%

5.6%

4.3%

4.9%

Percentage of households receiving HEAP benefits, 2015

9.3%

2.6%

9.2%

7.9%

16.9%

Percentage of renters cost-burdened, 2015

40.5%

40.3%

38.1%

45.9%

46.5%

Percentage of owners cost-burdened, 2015

18.6%

22.3%

21.1%

20.5%

23.3%

State of Poverty 2016

Appendix Geography of Poverty, continued Table 10. Population, poverty rates, and other measures of economic need, Ohio counties, continued Franklin

Fulton

Gallia

Geauga

Greene

1,251,722

42,537

30,142

94,102

164,427

Population and population change 1

Total population, 2015

Percentage minority population, 2015

Population change, 2010-2015

Percentage population change, 2010-2015

34.9%

10.4%

6.4%

4.4%

16.0%

+85,426

-79

-943

+684

+2,819

+7.3%

-0.2%

-3.0%

+0.7%

+1.7%

208,972

3,573

6,349

6,298

19,772

Individual poverty rates 2

Population in poverty, 2015

Overall poverty rate, 2015

17.1%

8.5%

21.7%

6.7%

12.7%

Child (under age 18) poverty rate, 2015

24.5%

12.4%

32.4%

8.8%

16.2%

Senior (age 65 and older) poverty rate, 2015

8.4%

6.6%

12.5%

5.2%

6.7%

White (non-Hispanic) poverty rate, 2015

11.6%

9.0%

20.6%

7.2%

11.6%

Black/African American poverty rate, 2015

32.5%

38.8%

37.5%

26.4%

30.9%

Asian poverty rate, 2015

14.3%

5.5%

15.3%

Hispanic/Latino (of any race) poverty rate, 2015

28.2%

24.8%

11.4%

10.5%

21.5%

Family poverty rates 3

Families in poverty, 2015

35,804

906

1,321

1,263

3,816

Family poverty rate, 2015

12.8%

7.6%

16.1%

4.8%

9.0%

Married couples with related children in their care, poverty rate, 2015

Single women with related children in their care, poverty rate, 2015

7.9%

7.5%

14.0%

3.2%

6.6%

41.3%

35.5%

62.8%

33.1%

44.5%

Other measures of economic need 3

Percentage of population below 50% FPL, 2015

8.5%

4.7%

7.1%

2.4%

7.0%

Percentage of population below 200% FPL, 2015

34.9%

25.6%

44.0%

22.1%

27.6%

$53,939

$58,782

$38,738

$76,315

$61,250

3.6%

11.4%

6.3%

10.0%

4.8%

Median household income, 2015

Probability a child raised in the bottom fifth rose to the top fifth, 1980–2012

Probability a child raised in the bottom fifth stayed in the bottom fifth, 1980–2012

41.8%

22.9%

37.7%

18.9%

38.8%

Child food insecurity rate, 2014

21.8%

20.8%

26.6%

19.2%

21.9%

7.6%

6.9%

5.6%

6.9%

8.5%

Percentage of children who are both food insecure and ineligible for food assistance,

2014

Percentage of public school students K–12, free or reduced-price lunch, 2016

37.6%

34.7%

55.5%

17.9%

30.8%

Percentage of population receiving SNAP benefits, 2015

13.8%

10.9%

20.6%

12.2%

12.6%

Percentage of population who are enrolled in Medicaid, December 2014

26.3%

18.8%

35.2%

9.4%

16.1%

Percentage of population with no health insurance, 2015

11.6%

5.6%

13.2%

11.2%

6.9%

Unemployment rate, 2015

4.1%

4.9%

6.5%

4.0%

4.4%

Percentage of households receiving HEAP benefits, 2015

7.7%

6.4%

17.2%

3.3%

5.1%

Percentage of renters cost-burdened, 2015

44.5%

38.1%

34.8%

37.1%

43.8%

Percentage of owners cost-burdened, 2015

23.6%

20.2%

21.6%

23.8%

19.1%

Ohio Association of Community Action Agencies

Appendix Geography of Poverty, continued Table 10. Population, poverty rates, and other measures of economic need, Ohio counties, continued Guernsey

Hamilton

Hancock

Hardin

Harrison

39,258

807,598

75,573

31,682

15,450 4.9%

Population and population change 1

Total population, 2015

Percentage minority population, 2015

5.4%

33.7%

10.4%

4.8%

Population change, 2010-2015

-878

+5,328

+893

-417

-399

Percentage population change, 2010-2015

-2.2%

+0.7%

+1.2%

-1.3%

-2.5%

7,203

130,935

7,788

4,837

2,356

Individual poverty rates 2

Population in poverty, 2015

Overall poverty rate, 2015

18.6%

16.6%

10.6%

16.5%

15.5%

Child (under age 18) poverty rate, 2015

28.7%

23.1%

14.6%

21.2%

24.3%

Senior (age 65 and older) poverty rate, 2015

8.9%

9.3%

4.7%

9.2%

11.4%

White (non-Hispanic) poverty rate, 2015

18.9%

11.0%

12.5%

18.1%

17.3%

Black/African American poverty rate, 2015

31.3%

35.5%

34.8%

51.9%

32.5%

Asian poverty rate, 2015

32.8%

14.2%

11.8%

22.9%

Hispanic/Latino (of any race) poverty rate, 2015

25.6%

31.6%

29.2%

25.9%

3.9%

Family poverty rates 3

Families in poverty, 2015

1,701

26,694

1,946

1,047

541

Family poverty rate, 2015

16.5%

13.8%

9.7%

13.6%

12.2%

Married couples with related children in their care, poverty rate, 2015

12.2%

5.5%

4.7%

17.8%

11.3%

Single women with related children in their care, poverty rate, 2015

67.0%

47.6%

53.5%

33.0%

57.2%

Other measures of economic need 3

Percentage of population below 50% FPL, 2015

9.6%

9.4%

6.4%

8.5%

7.9%

Percentage of population below 200% FPL, 2015

42.0%

35.0%

32.0%

40.6%

38.5%

$41,630

$51,070

$55,265

$44,101

$44,221

9.5%

3.7%

13.2%

8.4%

8.3%

Median household income, 2015

Probability a child raised in the bottom fifth rose to the top fifth, 1980–2012

Probability a child raised in the bottom fifth stayed in the bottom fifth, 1980–2012

31.4%

43.6%

25.7%

27.4%

21.7%

Child food insecurity rate, 2014

27.2%

22.6%

22.2%

24.9%

26.2%

5.4%

8.4%

6.9%

6.7%

6.8%

Percentage of children who are both food insecure and ineligible for food assistance,

2014

Percentage of public school students K–12, free or reduced-price lunch, 2016

55.6%

37.3%

31.0%

46.3%

35.4%

Percentage of population receiving SNAP benefits, 2015

16.5%

14.6%

11.7%

12.2%

18.3%

Percentage of population who are enrolled in Medicaid, December 2014

31.8%

27.7%

19.5%

23.2%

26.3%

Percentage of population with no health insurance, 2015

11.0%

9.6%

8.4%

11.9%

10.6%

Unemployment rate, 2015

6.3%

4.5%

3.7%

4.7%

6.3%

Percentage of households receiving HEAP benefits, 2015

15.9%

5.7%

7.7%

10.7%

14.5%

Percentage of renters cost-burdened, 2015

48.2%

48.0%

39.8%

42.4%

36.1%

Percentage of owners cost-burdened, 2015

17.1%

24.1%

18.4%

19.1%

18.6%

State of Poverty 2016

Appendix Geography of Poverty, continued Table 10. Population, poverty rates, and other measures of economic need, Ohio counties, continued Henry

Highland

Hocking

Holmes

Huron

27,816

43,026

28,491

43,909

58,469

Population and population change 1

Total population, 2015

Percentage minority population, 2015

9.8%

4.4%

3.5%

2.1%

9.5%

Population change, 2010-2015

-299

-572

-979

+1,439

-1,109

Percentage population change, 2010-2015

-1.1%

-1.3%

-3.3%

+3.4%

-1.9%

2,566

7,598

4,411

4,657

7,569

Individual poverty rates 2

Population in poverty, 2015

Overall poverty rate, 2015

Child (under age 18) poverty rate, 2015

Senior (age 65 and older) poverty rate, 2015

9.4%

17.9%

15.7%

10.8%

13.1%

13.9%

27.6%

23.8%

15.7%

20.7%

4.8%

9.4%

9.3%

13.1%

8.0%

White (non-Hispanic) poverty rate, 2015

10.2%

19.7%

17.0%

12.3%

11.8%

Black/African American poverty rate, 2015

62.8%

28.8%

57.6%

10.0%

36.5%

Asian poverty rate, 2015

Hispanic/Latino (of any race) poverty rate, 2015

38.4%

2.7%

22.0%

22.8%

48.7%

37.1%

33.5%

Family poverty rates 3

Families in poverty, 2015

615

1,796

1,032

991

1,634

Family poverty rate, 2015

8.0%

16.0%

13.2%

9.7%

10.4%

Married couples with related children in their care, poverty rate, 2015

Single women with related children in their care, poverty rate, 2015

5.4%

13.9%

10.0%

10.8%

6.5%

44.9%

56.9%

45.1%

47.8%

44.6%

Other measures of economic need 3

Percentage of population below 50% FPL, 2015

4.5%

8.5%

8.2%

4.1%

6.5%

Percentage of population below 200% FPL, 2015

28.4%

44.9%

39.9%

38.3%

35.4%

$56,986

$41,494

$43,598

$53,540

$48,838

12.2%

14.1%

7.6%

10.0%

7.2%

Median household income, 2015

Probability a child raised in the bottom fifth rose to the top fifth, 1980–2012

Probability a child raised in the bottom fifth stayed in the bottom fifth, 1980–2012

12.2%

30.4%

39.1%

17.9%

29.3%

Child food insecurity rate, 2014

21.8%

27.8%

24.9%

22.2%

24.2%

8.5%

3.6%

6.0%

0.4%

6.5%

Percentage of children who are both food insecure and ineligible for food assistance,

2014

Percentage of public school students K–12, free or reduced-price lunch, 2016

35.8%

51.4%

63.4%

36.6%

46.5%

Percentage of population receiving SNAP benefits, 2015

13.2%

12.8%

11.9%

10.0%

Percentage of population who are enrolled in Medicaid, December 2014

19.1%

32.8%

33.0%

10.6%

25.5%

Percentage of population with no health insurance, 2015

7.3%

13.2%

12.1%

42.0%

9.8%

Unemployment rate, 2015

5.6%

6.3%

5.5%

3.4%

6.6%

Percentage of households receiving HEAP benefits, 2015

6.1%

18.1%

16.7%

4.2%

11.8%

Percentage of renters cost-burdened, 2015

35.7%

48.4%

37.4%

26.6%

40.4%

Percentage of owners cost-burdened, 2015

20.3%

25.2%

21.9%

17.6%

20.7%

Ohio Association of Community Action Agencies

Appendix Geography of Poverty, continued Table 10. Population, poverty rates, and other measures of economic need, Ohio counties, continued Jackson

Jefferson

Knox

Lake

Lawrence

32,596

67,347

61,061

229,245

61,109

Population and population change 1

Total population, 2015

Percentage minority population, 2015

3.8%

9.4%

4.6%

10.8%

5.1%

Population change, 2010-2015

-677

-2,265

-25

-759

-1,311

Percentage population change, 2010-2015

-2.0%

-3.3%

0.0%

-0.3%

-2.1%

6,541

11,547

8,510

18,884

12,680

Individual poverty rates 2

Population in poverty, 2015

Overall poverty rate, 2015

20.4%

17.8%

14.8%

8.3%

21.0%

Child (under age 18) poverty rate, 2015

29.2%

28.5%

19.9%

12.6%

30.1%

Senior (age 65 and older) poverty rate, 2015

12.0%

7.7%

9.0%

6.6%

12.9%

White (non-Hispanic) poverty rate, 2015

22.5%

15.0%

14.9%

7.6%

17.5%

Black/African American poverty rate, 2015

60.1%

39.0%

30.3%

30.6%

42.3%

Asian poverty rate, 2015

Hispanic/Latino (of any race) poverty rate, 2015

19.7%

8.6%

13.4%

42.8%

65.6%

20.0%

16.0%

29.4%

Family poverty rates 3

Families in poverty, 2015

1,507

2,301

1,767

3,689

2,196

Family poverty rate, 2015

17.5%

12.6%

11.6%

6.0%

13.8%

Married couples with related children in their care, poverty rate, 2015

16.3%

9.1%

7.5%

4.0%

9.3%

Single women with related children in their care, poverty rate, 2015

55.3%

57.8%

59.6%

30.5%

51.7%

Other measures of economic need 3

Percentage of population below 50% FPL, 2015

11.3%

9.3%

6.9%

4.1%

6.8%

Percentage of population below 200% FPL, 2015

46.4%

38.7%

34.7%

23.8%

39.7%

$42,828

$43,306

$50,914

$60,782

$39,698

11.9%

6.6%

9.4%

10.0%

5.7%

Median household income, 2015

Probability a child raised in the bottom fifth rose to the top fifth, 1980–2012

Probability a child raised in the bottom fifth stayed in the bottom fifth, 1980–2012

37.1%

34.7%

20.6%

27.5%

35.1%

Child food insecurity rate, 2014

30.3%

26.9%

24.3%

19.8%

24.5%

4.2%

5.9%

5.6%

8.1%

5.1%

Percentage of children who are both food insecure and ineligible for food assistance,

2014

Percentage of public school students K–12, free or reduced-price lunch, 2016

54.3%

57.0%

40.9%

28.8%

50.5%

Percentage of population receiving SNAP benefits, 2015

18.8%

16.3%

14.6%

15.5%

22.1%

Percentage of population who are enrolled in Medicaid, December 2014

36.5%

30.5%

23.0%

16.7%

34.1%

Percentage of population with no health insurance, 2015

11.3%

9.6%

12.1%

7.9%

10.4%

Unemployment rate, 2015

7.5%

7.4%

4.7%

4.4%

5.8%

Percentage of households receiving HEAP benefits, 2015

20.8%

15.2%

8.8%

4.4%

20.0%

Percentage of renters cost-burdened, 2015

41.9%

39.5%

42.7%

44.3%

Percentage of owners cost-burdened, 2015

22.2%

16.4%

22.3%

21.2%

20.1%

State of Poverty 2016

Appendix Geography of Poverty, continued Table 10. Population, poverty rates, and other measures of economic need, Ohio counties, continued Licking

Logan

Lorain

Lucas

Madison

170,570

45,386

305,147

433,689

44,094 11.4%

Population and population change 1

Total population, 2015

Percentage minority population, 2015

Population change, 2010-2015

Percentage population change, 2010-2015

8.8%

6.2%

21.2%

30.4%

+3,851

-384

+3,676

-7,886

+699

+2.3%

-0.8%

+1.2%

-1.8%

+1.6%

20,933

4,902

39,833

82,814

3,614

Individual poverty rates 2

Population in poverty, 2015

Overall poverty rate, 2015

12.6%

10.9%

13.5%

19.5%

9.3%

Child (under age 18) poverty rate, 2015

17.4%

17.3%

20.9%

28.9%

14.0%

Senior (age 65 and older) poverty rate, 2015

5.1%

7.1%

7.3%

9.1%

6.8%

White (non-Hispanic) poverty rate, 2015

12.1%

13.5%

10.5%

14.3%

8.8%

Black/African American poverty rate, 2015

14.7%

18.3%

36.7%

40.4%

34.1%

Asian poverty rate, 2015

Hispanic/Latino (of any race) poverty rate, 2015

5.2%

12.7%

23.8%

23.9%

1.0%

19.3%

33.7%

26.8%

30.2%

2.7%

Family poverty rates 3

Families in poverty, 2015

4,141

1,375

8,691

17,580

755

Family poverty rate, 2015

9.2%

10.8%

10.9%

16.5%

7.2%

Married couples with related children in their care, poverty rate, 2015

Single women with related children in their care, poverty rate, 2015

7.4%

9.1%

5.9%

9.9%

4.5%

41.9%

45.2%

45.4%

49.7%

43.6%

Other measures of economic need 3

Percentage of population below 50% FPL, 2015

5.3%

7.2%

6.6%

10.1%

4.1%

Percentage of population below 200% FPL, 2015

29.4%

33.7%

30.5%

40.7%

26.0%

$59,119

$49,690

$52,779

$43,136

$63,736

6.7%

6.5%

5.0%

4.4%

9.7%

Median household income, 2015

Probability a child raised in the bottom fifth rose to the top fifth, 1980–2012

Probability a child raised in the bottom fifth stayed in the bottom fifth, 1980–2012

33.5%

30.9%

38.4%

44.4%

35.5%

Child food insecurity rate, 2014

21.8%

25.2%

22.5%

24.5%

21.1%

7.4%

7.8%

7.9%

7.1%

8.2%

Percentage of children who are both food insecure and ineligible for food assistance,

2014

Percentage of public school students K–12, free or reduced-price lunch, 2016

37.2%

44.4%

33.7%

42.1%

33.9%

Percentage of population receiving SNAP benefits, 2015

13.0%

11.9%

15.5%

19.9%

14.1%

Percentage of population who are enrolled in Medicaid, December 2014

22.0%

23.4%

23.1%

31.8%

18.8%

Percentage of population with no health insurance, 2015

9.1%

12.0%

8.1%

10.2%

9.4%

Unemployment rate, 2015

4.4%

4.1%

5.4%

5.3%

4.0%

Percentage of households receiving HEAP benefits, 2015

7.1%

11.1%

7.7%

11.0%

9.5%

Percentage of renters cost-burdened, 2015

46.2%

39.3%

47.6%

31.9%

Percentage of owners cost-burdened, 2015

20.5%

19.4%

21.0%

22.4%

20.5%

Ohio Association of Community Action Agencies

Appendix Geography of Poverty, continued Table 10. Population, poverty rates, and other measures of economic need, Ohio counties, continued Mahoning

Marion

Medina

Meigs

Mercer

231,900

65,355

176,395

23,257

40,968

Population and population change 1

Total population, 2015

Percentage minority population, 2015

23.4%

11.4%

5.9%

3.1%

4.0%

Population change, 2010-2015

-6,498

-1,097

+3,853

-476

+186

Percentage population change, 2010-2015

-2.7%

-1.7%

+2.2%

-2.0%

+0.5%

37,640

10,778

12,287

5,227

3,141

Individual poverty rates 2

Population in poverty, 2015

Overall poverty rate, 2015

16.8%

18.2%

7.0%

22.8%

7.8%

Child (under age 18) poverty rate, 2015

26.8%

27.7%

8.8%

31.3%

10.6%

Senior (age 65 and older) poverty rate, 2015

8.2%

7.5%

4.5%

11.6%

5.8%

White (non-Hispanic) poverty rate, 2015

11.8%

17.7%

6.7%

22.6%

7.7%

Black/African American poverty rate, 2015

41.6%

37.0%

12.6%

36.6%

Asian poverty rate, 2015

14.4%

28.3%

9.4%

20.0%

Hispanic/Latino (of any race) poverty rate, 2015

40.2%

36.2%

10.6%

87.4%

27.0%

Family poverty rates 3

Families in poverty, 2015

8,347

2,277

2,487

1,153

587

Family poverty rate, 2015

13.7%

13.6%

5.2%

18.0%

5.3%

Married couples with related children in their care, poverty rate, 2015

Single women with related children in their care, poverty rate, 2015

8.0%

10.2%

3.9%

17.1%

3.4%

53.1%

52.9%

25.4%

58.2%

40.6%

Other measures of economic need 3

Percentage of population below 50% FPL, 2015

7.7%

7.6%

2.9%

10.0%

3.1%

Percentage of population below 200% FPL, 2015

39.0%

40.6%

19.7%

45.1%

27.5%

$42,443

$43,529

$70,576

$38,479

$56,124

6.0%

11.3%

10.0%

12.2%

Median household income, 2015

Probability a child raised in the bottom fifth rose to the top fifth, 1980–2012

Probability a child raised in the bottom fifth stayed in the bottom fifth, 1980–2012

33.8%

39.1%

29.4%

25.0%

19.4%

Child food insecurity rate, 2014

24.9%

25.7%

19.0%

29.5%

18.6%

6.5%

7.2%

9.3%

5.9%

7.8%

Percentage of children who are both food insecure and ineligible for food assistance,

2014

Percentage of public school students K–12, free or reduced-price lunch, 2016

41.0%

40.9%

19.8%

55.4%

25.4%

Percentage of population receiving SNAP benefits, 2015

19.5%

13.0%

13.1%

18.9%

13.7%

Percentage of population who are enrolled in Medicaid, December 2014

28.8%

30.9%

12.2%

37.2%

14.2%

Percentage of population with no health insurance, 2015

9.1%

10.6%

6.9%

12.2%

7.0%

Unemployment rate, 2015

6.1%

5.1%

4.0%

8.3%

3.3%

Percentage of households receiving HEAP benefits, 2015

12.0%

13.0%

4.2%

19.2%

4.9%

Percentage of renters cost-burdened, 2015

47.3%

48.6%

42.9%

40.3%

37.7%

Percentage of owners cost-burdened, 2015

20.2%

18.4%

21.3%

21.4%

15.9%

State of Poverty 2016

Appendix Geography of Poverty, continued Table 10. Population, poverty rates, and other measures of economic need, Ohio counties, continued Miami

Monroe

Montgomery

Morgan

Morrow

104,224

14,409

532,258

14,777

35,074

7.2%

2.6%

28.3%

7.5%

4.1%

+1,745

-170

-3,958

-287

+259

+1.7%

-1.2%

-0.7%

-1.9%

+0.7%

Population and population change 1

Total population, 2015

Percentage minority population, 2015

Population change, 2010-2015

Percentage population change, 2010-2015

Individual poverty rates 2

Population in poverty, 2015

10,992

2,602

91,879

2,765

3,914

Overall poverty rate, 2015

10.7%

18.3%

17.7%

19.0%

11.3%

Child (under age 18) poverty rate, 2015

14.0%

24.4%

27.0%

29.1%

19.4%

Senior (age 65 and older) poverty rate, 2015

7.1%

7.7%

8.6%

10.8%

7.1%

White (non-Hispanic) poverty rate, 2015

11.8%

18.8%

13.1%

20.2%

11.9%

Black/African American poverty rate, 2015

22.9%

60.6%

34.6%

39.0%

26.0%

Asian poverty rate, 2015

4.1%

8.4%

Hispanic/Latino (of any race) poverty rate, 2015

32.4%

56.7%

36.6%

38.4%

2.4%

2,729

560

19,419

748

703

Family poverty rates 3

Families in poverty, 2015

Family poverty rate, 2015

9.8%

13.3%

14.5%

17.1%

7.5%

Married couples with related children in their care, poverty rate, 2015

6.4%

16.0%

9.1%

19.9%

6.5%

Single women with related children in their care, poverty rate, 2015

48.0%

50.2%

48.0%

51.7%

35.1%

4.8%

9.4%

8.7%

9.7%

5.4%

Other measures of economic need 3

Percentage of population below 50% FPL, 2015

Percentage of population below 200% FPL, 2015

Median household income, 2015

Probability a child raised in the bottom fifth rose to the top fifth, 1980–2012

Probability a child raised in the bottom fifth stayed in the bottom fifth, 1980–2012

Child food insecurity rate, 2014 Percentage of children who are both food insecure and ineligible for food assistance,

2014

31.1%

40.2%

38.7%

44.7%

29.0%

$51,685

$41,754

$46,696

$39,969

$52,312

4.4%

16.4%

3.5%

7.0%

8.3%

30.2%

29.1%

40.9%

28.1%

25.0%

23.5%

31.1%

24.5%

25.9%

23.2%

7.3%

5.6%

7.1%

6.5%

7.4%

Percentage of public school students K–12, free or reduced-price lunch, 2016

34.4%

54.8%

41.0%

56.9%

42.6%

Percentage of population receiving SNAP benefits, 2015

12.8%

16.5%

16.4%

18.8%

12.4%

Percentage of population who are enrolled in Medicaid, December 2014

18.0%

25.7%

29.0%

31.9%

25.3%

Percentage of population with no health insurance, 2015

8.7%

11.0%

10.4%

14.3%

9.6%

Unemployment rate, 2015

4.4%

10.0%

5.0%

7.3%

5.0%

Percentage of households receiving HEAP benefits, 2015

6.5%

13.0%

7.9%

19.8%

10.5%

Percentage of renters cost-burdened, 2015

40.3%

37.1%

47.9%

42.6%

43.4%

Percentage of owners cost-burdened, 2015

20.1%

12.3%

23.6%

20.4%

21.5%

Ohio Association of Community Action Agencies

Appendix Geography of Poverty, continued Table 10. Population, poverty rates, and other measures of economic need, Ohio counties, continued Muskingum

Noble

Ottawa

Paulding

Perry

86,290

14,326

40,877

18,976

35,985

8.3%

4.7%

7.7%

7.3%

3.1%

+83

-308

-515

-599

-63

+0.1%

-2.1%

-1.2%

-3.1%

-0.2%

Population and population change 1

Total population, 2015

Percentage minority population, 2015

Population change, 2010-2015

Percentage population change, 2010-2015

Individual poverty rates 2

Population in poverty, 2015

13,932

1,741

3,901

2,052

6,675

Overall poverty rate, 2015

16.5%

15.0%

9.7%

10.9%

18.8%

26.7%

17.8%

15.3%

17.3%

25.9%

8.3%

4.9%

8.7%

10.1%

Child (under age 18) poverty rate, 2015

Senior (age 65 and older) poverty rate, 2015

White (non-Hispanic) poverty rate, 2015

17.7%

12.7%

9.9%

12.0%

19.1%

28.2%

85.7%

31.4%

39.7%

40.7%

6.5%

5.4%

19.0%

28.6%

19.9%

24.5%

23.4%

Families in poverty, 2015

3,286

278

831

494

1,496

14.4%

8.3%

6.9%

9.3%

14.9%

8.9%

13.4%

4.3%

8.3%

9.4%

48.1%

36.4%

48.8%

57.5%

57.7%

8.2%

2.9%

4.0%

6.1%

8.6%

Black/African American poverty rate, 2015

Asian poverty rate, 2015

Hispanic/Latino (of any race) poverty rate, 2015

Family poverty rates 3 3

Family poverty rate, 2015

Married couples with related children in their care, poverty rate, 2015

Single women with related children in their care, poverty rate, 2015

Other measures of economic need 3

Percentage of population below 50% FPL, 2015

Percentage of population below 200% FPL, 2015

Median household income, 2015

41.7%

37.7%

27.2%

35.0%

41.7%

$43,324

$47,714

$58,793

$49,796

$44,738

Probability a child raised in the bottom fifth rose to the top fifth, 1980–2012

6.3%

18.4%

11.2%

14.6%

8.3%

Probability a child raised in the bottom fifth stayed in the bottom fifth, 1980–2012

33.9%

16.3%

18.7%

14.6%

31.4%

Child food insecurity rate, 2014

27.0%

26.6%

22.5%

26.5%

6.2%

5.6%

8.1%

6.3%

6.6%

Percentage of children who are both food insecure and ineligible for food assistance,

2014

Percentage of public school students K–12, free or reduced-price lunch, 2016

41.8%

46.2%

41.3%

42.3%

49.9%

Percentage of population receiving SNAP benefits, 2015

15.0%

17.1%

15.3%

12.3%

16.3%

Percentage of population who are enrolled in Medicaid, December 2014

34.8%

20.6%

17.0%

22.6%

33.7%

Percentage of population with no health insurance, 2015

10.4%

10.9%

7.4%

8.7%

10.2%

Unemployment rate, 2015

6.1%

7.4%

6.6%

4.8%

6.5%

Percentage of households receiving HEAP benefits, 2015

15.4%

11.4%

6.1%

12.1%

17.5%

Percentage of renters cost-burdened, 2015

44.6%

39.8%

41.1%

33.4%

40.8%

Percentage of owners cost-burdened, 2015

20.0%

19.0%

20.6%

19.2%

19.5%

State of Poverty 2016

Appendix Geography of Poverty, continued Table 10. Population, poverty rates, and other measures of economic need, Ohio counties, continued Pickaway

Pike

Portage

Preble

Putnam

56,998

28,217

162,275

41,329

34,042 7.3%

Population and population change 1

Total population, 2015

Percentage minority population, 2015

Population change, 2010-2015

Percentage population change, 2010-2015

7.0%

4.6%

10.1%

3.4%

+1,253

-521

+827

-842

-417

+2.2%

-1.8%

+0.5%

-2.0%

-1.2%

6,474

5,907

20,927

5,160

2,416

Individual poverty rates 2

Population in poverty, 2015

Overall poverty rate, 2015

12.4%

21.4%

13.6%

12.7%

7.2%

Child (under age 18) poverty rate, 2015

17.6%

33.3%

16.1%

18.9%

8.7%

Senior (age 65 and older) poverty rate, 2015

7.1%

9.9%

5.7%

7.6%

4.4%

White (non-Hispanic) poverty rate, 2015

12.5%

23.5%

13.8%

13.0%

4.9%

Black/African American poverty rate, 2015

28.1%

5.6%

36.6%

35.7%

51.5%

Asian poverty rate, 2015

Hispanic/Latino (of any race) poverty rate, 2015

2.6%

27.4%

9.4%

19.0%

24.4%

25.5%

41.4%

16.6%

Family poverty rates 3

Families in poverty, 2015

1,373

1,305

4,178

1,102

325

Family poverty rate, 2015

9.7%

18.0%

10.4%

9.7%

3.4%

Married couples with related children in their care, poverty rate, 2015

Single women with related children in their care, poverty rate, 2015

8.4%

12.9%

5.6%

8.1%

2.8%

41.2%

40.7%

49.0%

42.8%

31.3%

Other measures of economic need 3

Percentage of population below 50% FPL, 2015

5.0%

10.9%

7.9%

5.7%

2.4%

Percentage of population below 200% FPL, 2015

28.8%

46.7%

31.3%

33.8%

23.5%

$58,472

$39,851

$53,609

$51,042

$60,036

3.3%

4.4%

8.4%

10.6%

9.5%

Median household income, 2015

Probability a child raised in the bottom fifth rose to the top fifth, 1980–2012

Probability a child raised in the bottom fifth stayed in the bottom fifth, 1980–2012

45.8%

38.6%

29.6%

29.2%

9.5%

Child food insecurity rate, 2014

22.7%

29.8%

23.2%

23.3%

17.5%

7.3%

3.0%

8.8%

5.6%

8.9%

Percentage of children who are both food insecure and ineligible for food assistance,

2014

Percentage of public school students K–12, free or reduced-price lunch, 2016

36.2%

59.5%

31.1%

44.3%

25.1%

Percentage of population receiving SNAP benefits, 2015

15.3%

15.5%

13.0%

12.5%

10.1%

Percentage of population who are enrolled in Medicaid, December 2014

23.4%

40.3%

17.7%

23.6%

13.8%

Percentage of population with no health insurance, 2015

8.2%

13.1%

8.4%

9.8%

4.8%

Unemployment rate, 2015

Percentage of households receiving HEAP benefits, 2015

4.7%

7.4%

4.9%

4.8%

3.9%

10.4%

26.1%

7.0%

8.3%

6.6%

Percentage of renters cost-burdened, 2015

40.3%

48.7%

50.0%

44.6%

30.5%

Percentage of owners cost-burdened, 2015

19.3%

22.7%

20.9%

23.8%

13.4%

Ohio Association of Community Action Agencies

Appendix Geography of Poverty, continued Table 10. Population, poverty rates, and other measures of economic need, Ohio counties, continued Richland

Ross

Sandusky

Scioto

Seneca

121,707

77,170

59,679

76,825

55,610

Population and population change 1

Total population, 2015

Percentage minority population, 2015

14.1%

10.2%

15.3%

6.5%

9.7%

Population change, 2010-2015

-2,466

-931

-1,195

-2,703

-1,020

Percentage population change, 2010-2015

-2.0%

-1.2%

-2.0%

-3.4%

-1.8%

17,265

12,668

7,142

16,881

7,187

Individual poverty rates 2

Population in poverty, 2015

Overall poverty rate, 2015

15.1%

17.8%

12.2%

23.0%

13.6%

Child (under age 18) poverty rate, 2015

23.4%

25.9%

18.3%

32.1%

19.8%

Senior (age 65 and older) poverty rate, 2015

7.6%

9.3%

7.7%

13.1%

6.6%

White (non-Hispanic) poverty rate, 2015

15.1%

18.3%

12.3%

25.2%

15.0%

Black/African American poverty rate, 2015

35.8%

36.4%

40.5%

26.2%

64.9%

Asian poverty rate, 2015

Hispanic/Latino (of any race) poverty rate, 2015

5.1%

11.6%

19.8%

3.0%

68.5%

23.2%

11.8%

21.2%

44.0%

22.5%

Family poverty rates 3

Families in poverty, 2015

3,812

2,753

1,740

3,642

1,861

Family poverty rate, 2015

12.5%

14.0%

11.0%

19.5%

12.9%

Married couples with related children in their care, poverty rate, 2015

10.4%

10.1%

5.7%

16.9%

7.1%

Single women with related children in their care, poverty rate, 2015

50.1%

52.5%

44.6%

57.1%

59.4%

Other measures of economic need 3

Percentage of population below 50% FPL, 2015

8.0%

7.1%

6.3%

9.6%

8.0%

Percentage of population below 200% FPL, 2015

39.0%

40.1%

34.6%

46.8%

34.7%

$45,273

$45,615

$49,994

$37,277

$48,617

5.3%

5.1%

10.4%

9.0%

7.5%

Median household income, 2015

Probability a child raised in the bottom fifth rose to the top fifth, 1980–2012

Probability a child raised in the bottom fifth stayed in the bottom fifth, 1980–2012

36.1%

36.5%

30.6%

38.2%

33.2%

Child food insecurity rate, 2014

25.1%

26.6%

22.2%

28.7%

24.9%

5.8%

5.3%

4.9%

6.9%

7.7%

Percentage of children who are both food insecure and ineligible for food assistance,

2014

Percentage of public school students K–12, free or reduced-price lunch, 2016

51.2%

48.4%

45.0%

52.2%

44.8%

Percentage of population receiving SNAP benefits, 2015

14.1%

13.0%

18.3%

10.9%

Percentage of population who are enrolled in Medicaid, December 2014

27.7%

32.2%

23.8%

38.8%

23.5%

Percentage of population with no health insurance, 2015

11.0%

10.4%

8.5%

11.5%

7.9%

Unemployment rate, 2015

Percentage of households receiving HEAP benefits, 2015

5.6%

5.3%

4.8%

7.7%

4.8%

11.5%

19.2%

7.7%

24.0%

7.8%

Percentage of renters cost-burdened, 2015

43.5%

42.7%

41.8%

44.3%

37.5%

Percentage of owners cost-burdened, 2015

21.1%

21.6%

19.2%

19.6%

16.7%

State of Poverty 2016

Appendix Geography of Poverty, continued Table 10. Population, poverty rates, and other measures of economic need, Ohio counties, continued Shelby

Stark

Summit

Trumbull

Tuscarawas

48,901

375,165

541,968

203,751

92,916

Population and population change 1

Total population, 2015

Percentage minority population, 2015

6.9%

13.1%

22.0%

12.7%

5.1%

Population change, 2010-2015

-412

-296

+297

-6,103

+361

Percentage population change, 2010-2015

-0.8%

-0.1%

+0.1%

-2.9%

+0.4%

4,264

48,889

76,554

35,069

11,873

Individual poverty rates 2

Population in poverty, 2015

Overall poverty rate, 2015

Child (under age 18) poverty rate, 2015

Senior (age 65 and older) poverty rate, 2015

White (non-Hispanic) poverty rate, 2015

Black/African American poverty rate, 2015

Asian poverty rate, 2015

Hispanic/Latino (of any race) poverty rate, 2015

8.9%

13.4%

14.4%

17.6%

13.0%

13.6%

20.2%

21.5%

26.9%

18.0%

7.1%

7.4%

6.9%

7.7%

9.5%

12.1%

10.6%

14.3%

13.0%

34.8%

34.3%

33.6%

40.5%

53.8%

10.2%

15.4%

22.9%

18.7%

19.4%

29.0%

18.3%

39.2%

35.8%

Family poverty rates 3

Families in poverty, 2015

977

10,648

14,715

7,323

2,713

Family poverty rate, 2015

7.3%

10.8%

10.6%

13.2%

10.7%

Married couples with related children in their care, poverty rate, 2015

Single women with related children in their care, poverty rate, 2015

4.5%

7.6%

4.8%

7.2%

8.9%

33.6%

44.6%

43.6%

55.4%

46.1%

Other measures of economic need 3

Percentage of population below 50% FPL, 2015

3.0%

6.4%

6.7%

8.2%

5.3%

Percentage of population below 200% FPL, 2015

27.9%

33.5%

32.0%

36.8%

35.2%

$59,149

$48,976

$51,434

$42,831

$47,588

9.5%

5.0%

5.8%

6.3%

8.3%

Median household income, 2015

Probability a child raised in the bottom fifth rose to the top fifth, 1980–2012

Probability a child raised in the bottom fifth stayed in the bottom fifth, 1980–2012

26.3%

37.6%

40.3%

34.2%

26.1%

Child food insecurity rate, 2014

21.1%

23.6%

22.2%

26.7%

23.6%

7.2%

7.1%

7.8%

6.4%

5.9%

Percentage of children who are both food insecure and ineligible for food assistance,

2014

Percentage of public school students K–12, free or reduced-price lunch, 2016

33.8%

33.4%

28.7%

44.7%

42.1%

Percentage of population receiving SNAP benefits, 2015

12.5%

15.4%

17.3%

15.6%

13.8%

Percentage of population who are enrolled in Medicaid, December 2014

19.6%

24.2%

24.6%

27.2%

22.0%

Percentage of population with no health insurance, 2015

7.1%

9.0%

9.1%

11.5%

11.2%

Unemployment rate, 2015

4.3%

5.3%

4.9%

6.5%

5.4%

Percentage of households receiving HEAP benefits, 2015

9.0%

8.4%

7.3%

8.6%

8.7%

Percentage of renters cost-burdened, 2015

34.9%

43.3%

46.6%

43.9%

41.7%

Percentage of owners cost-burdened, 2015

17.8%

19.7%

20.9%

19.3%

19.9%

Ohio Association of Community Action Agencies

Appendix Geography of Poverty, continued Table 10. Population, poverty rates, and other measures of economic need, Ohio counties, continued Union

Van Wert

Vinton

Warren

Washington

54,277

28,562

13,048

224,469

61,112 4.8%

Population and population change 1

Total population, 2015

Percentage minority population, 2015

Population change, 2010-2015

Percentage population change, 2010-2015

9.1%

5.7%

3.4%

12.6%

+1,857

-103

-373

+10,945

-596

+3.5%

-0.4%

-2.8%

+5.1%

-1.0%

3,890

3,155

2,443

11,375

8,906

Individual poverty rates 2

Population in poverty, 2015

Overall poverty rate, 2015

7.6%

11.2%

18.9%

5.2%

15.0%

Child (under age 18) poverty rate, 2015

8.8%

15.3%

32.9%

6.6%

21.5%

Senior (age 65 and older) poverty rate, 2015

6.7%

5.9%

6.5%

4.3%

10.0%

White (non-Hispanic) poverty rate, 2015

Black/African American poverty rate, 2015

8.3%

11.9%

20.5%

5.5%

16.1%

41.4%

41.1%

78.9%

15.2%

18.5%

Asian poverty rate, 2015

1.6%

1.1%

Hispanic/Latino (of any race) poverty rate, 2015

5.4%

24.6%

45.5%

5.9%

30.4%

Family poverty rates 3

Families in poverty, 2015

879

715

579

2,291

1,774

Family poverty rate, 2015

6.4%

9.1%

16.7%

3.9%

10.8%

Married couples with related children in their care, poverty rate, 2015

Single women with related children in their care, poverty rate, 2015

5.6%

8.1%

15.9%

1.9%

10.4%

28.3%

39.7%

52.3%

30.0%

49.4%

Other measures of economic need 3

Percentage of population below 50% FPL, 2015

3.4%

5.3%

9.4%

2.4%

6.5%

Percentage of population below 200% FPL, 2015

23.7%

34.7%

46.1%

16.0%

36.3%

Median household income, 2015

$76,116

$51,264

$41,675

$81,383

$44,697

Probability a child raised in the bottom fifth rose to the top fifth, 1980–2012

10.2%

4.7%

10.9%

9.6%

10.2%

Probability a child raised in the bottom fifth stayed in the bottom fifth, 1980–2012

34.7%

34.9%

25.5%

29.4%

30.9%

Child food insecurity rate, 2014

18.3%

22.3%

30.7%

17.2%

23.9%

8.2%

5.1%

3.7%

10.1%

6.9%

Percentage of children who are both food insecure and ineligible for food assistance,

2014

Percentage of public school students K–12, free or reduced-price lunch, 2016

26.8%

42.4%

59.1%

18.7%

46.4%

Percentage of population receiving SNAP benefits, 2015

13.7%

14.6%

13.4%

17.8%

Percentage of population who are enrolled in Medicaid, December 2014

13.9%

20.4%

40.6%

11.7%

24.6%

Percentage of population with no health insurance, 2015

6.8%

8.5%

11.5%

5.7%

9.8%

Unemployment rate, 2015

3.8%

4.1%

6.6%

4.1%

6.0%

Percentage of households receiving HEAP benefits, 2015

6.4%

9.9%

26.3%

2.9%

11.6%

Percentage of renters cost-burdened, 2015

39.5%

36.8%

41.6%

36.6%

43.2%

Percentage of owners cost-burdened, 2015

25.8%

16.6%

19.7%

20.6%

15.4%

State of Poverty 2016

Appendix Geography of Poverty, continued Table 10. Population, poverty rates, and other measures of economic need, Ohio counties, continued Wayne

Williams

Wood

Wyandot

116,063

37,120

129,730

22,243 4.7%

Population and population change 1

Total population, 2015

Percentage minority population, 2015

Population change, 2010-2015

Percentage population change, 2010-2015

6.1%

7.1%

11.4%

+1,624

-406

+3,790

-346

+1.4%

-1.1%

+3.0%

-1.5%

12,727

4,342

14,385

1,930

Individual poverty rates 2

Population in poverty, 2015

Overall poverty rate, 2015

11.3%

12.0%

11.7%

8.8%

Child (under age 18) poverty rate, 2015

16.9%

17.5%

10.9%

11.7%

Senior (age 65 and older) poverty rate, 2015

5.3%

9.1%

5.2%

9.5%

White (non-Hispanic) poverty rate, 2015

12.5%

14.2%

13.3%

11.7%

Black/African American poverty rate, 2015

43.2%

29.3%

36.9%

22.6%

Asian poverty rate, 2015

Hispanic/Latino (of any race) poverty rate, 2015

8.4%

7.6%

15.1%

24.8%

26.1%

16.9%

15.5%

Family poverty rates 3

Families in poverty, 2015

2,947

1,019

2,387

454

Family poverty rate, 2015

9.7%

10.4%

7.7%

7.3%

Married couples with related children in their care, poverty rate, 2015

Single women with related children in their care, poverty rate, 2015

9.6%

8.5%

5.3%

7.1%

43.8%

50.7%

37.8%

35.9%

Other measures of economic need 3

Percentage of population below 50% FPL, 2015

5.3%

6.7%

7.5%

4.3%

Percentage of population below 200% FPL, 2015

34.8%

40.5%

29.3%

34.1%

$52,717

$49,031

$57,390

$51,109

7.1%

9.4%

9.1%

11.8%

Median household income, 2015

Probability a child raised in the bottom fifth rose to the top fifth, 1980–2012

Probability a child raised in the bottom fifth stayed in the bottom fifth, 1980–2012

25.2%

22.4%

26.8%

11.8%

Child food insecurity rate, 2014

22.6%

23.5%

19.9%

20.7%

3.8%

3.1%

8.2%

7.0%

Percentage of children who are both food insecure and ineligible for food assistance,

2014

Percentage of public school students K–12, free or reduced-price lunch, 2016

40.2%

41.1%

31.9%

32.6%

Percentage of population receiving SNAP benefits, 2015

14.5%

12.0%

14.8%

15.4%

Percentage of population who are enrolled in Medicaid, December 2014

18.8%

23.7%

14.5%

18.4%

Percentage of population with no health insurance, 2015

14.1%

8.1%

6.5%

8.8%

Unemployment rate, 2015

3.9%

4.4%

4.3%

3.7%

Percentage of households receiving HEAP benefits, 2015

7.6%

6.4%

4.2%

7.7%

Percentage of renters cost-burdened, 2015

39.8%

43.6%

45.5%

35.3%

Percentage of owners cost-burdened, 2015

20.4%

20.5%

19.9%

16.3%

Ohio Association of Community Action Agencies

Appendix Geography of Poverty, continued Table 11. Change in poverty in Ohio’s urban, suburban, and rural areas, 2000–2015

Geography

Ohio Urban areas Suburban areas Rural areas

Poverty rate, 2000

Share of Ohio’s poor, 2000

Population for whom poverty can be determined, 2015

Population in poverty, 2015

1,150966

10.5%

100.0%

11,243,227

436,702

21.0%

37.9%

1,867,752

6,202,757

461,869

7.4%

40.1%

2,706,133

252,395

9.3%

21.9%

Population for whom poverty can be determined, 2000

Population in poverty, 2000

10,984,861 2,075,971

% Change in population, 2000– 2015

% Change in poor population, 2000– 2015

Poverty rate, 2015

Share of Ohio’s poor, 2015

1,773,421

15.8%

100.0%

+2.4%

+54.1%

586,626

31.4%

33.1%

-10.0%

+34.3%

6,631,919

812,966

12.3%

45.8%

+6.9%

+76.0%

2,743,556

373,829

13.6%

21.1%

+1.4%

+48.1%

Source: Community Research Partners analysis of U.S. Census Bureau data Notes: Urban, suburban, and rural areas are defined by ZIP code boundaries and classified based on density of development. Classification was developed by Trulia, the real estate website using a variety of thresholds including the density of households, business establishments, and jobs, as well as the share of auto commuters and single family homes.

▪▪ ▪▪ ▪▪

Over the last 15 years, the population of Ohio has grown by only 2.4% but the poor population has grown by 54.1% Urban areas have seen a decrease in population over the last 15 year period but a substantial increase in population in poverty Suburban areas have seen the largest increase in poor population between 2000-2015, at 76.0%

State of Poverty 2016

Appendix Geography of Poverty, continued Table 12. Change in poverty in the urban core and suburbs of Ohio’s largest metro areas, 2000–2015

Geography

Population for whom poverty can be determined, 2000

Population in poverty, 2000

Poverty rate, 2000

Population for whom poverty can be determined, 2015

Population in poverty, 2015

Poverty rate, 2015

% Change in population, 2000–2015

% Change in poor population, 2000–2015

Urban core Akron

159,072

31,303

19.7%

143,272

43,607

30.4%

-9.9%

+39.3%

Canton

57,216

12,316

21.5%

50,672

17,145

33.8%

-11.4%

+39.2%

Cincinnati

241,804

58,981

24.4%

217,766

74,822

34.4%

-9.9%

+26.9%

Cleveland

612,933

135,198

22.1%

509,792

159,961

31.4%

-16.8%

+18.3%

Columbus

341,681

71,529

20.9%

336,435

99,987

29.7%

-1.5%

+39.8%

Dayton

110,025

24,076

21.9%

117,855

45,334

38.5%

+7.1%

+88.3%

40,376

8,001

19.8%

37,390

10,801

28.9%

-7.4%

+35.0%

Lima

37,452

6,893

18.4%

33,041

10,527

31.9%

-11.8%

+52.7%

Toledo

Springfield

199,199

41,283

20.7%

176,999

57,231

32.3%

-11.1%

+38.6%

Youngstown

142,757

24,928

17.5%

123,352

34,999

28.4%

-13.6%

+40.4%

459,668

31,785

6.9%

429,260

50,009

11.7%

-6.6%

+57.3%

Suburbs Akron

294,042

19,910

6.8%

299,361

34,990

11.7%

+1.8%

+75.7%

Cincinnati

Canton

1,486,635

102,390

6.9%

1,642,817

190,483

11.6%

+10.5%

+86.0%

Cleveland

1,355,056

83,117

6.1%

1,356,667

139,814

10.3%

+0.1%

+68.2%

Columbus

989,468

68,044

6.9%

1,249,215

145,900

11.7%

+26.3%

+114.4%

Dayton

579,828

41,930

7.2%

593,016

78,475

13.2%

+2.3%

+87.2%

Lima

22,741

2,395

10.5%

24,091

3,530

14.7%

+5.9%

+47.4%

Springfield

60,332

5,659

9.4%

58,723

9,729

16.6%

-2.7%

+71.9%

Toledo

311,408

25,749

8.3%

300,044

37,049

12.3%

-3.6%

+43.9%

Youngstown

300,366

29,985

10.0%

278,354

39,115

14.1%

-7.3%

+30.4%

Source: Community Research Partners analysis of U.S. Census Bureau data Notes: Urban cores and suburbs are defined as the urban and suburban areas within metropolitan areas. Urban and suburban areas are defined by ZIP code boundaries and classified based on density of development. Classification was developed by Trulia, the real estate website using a variety of thresholds including the density of households, business establishments, and jobs, as well as the share of auto commuters and single family homes. There have been some reclassifications of boundaries since last year’s report that affect the poverty rates and counts for 2000 compared to the 2015 State of Poverty Report when the metropolitan areas are broken down by urban, subuirban, and ruraal.

▪▪ ▪▪ ▪▪

The poverty rates in the urban cores are often 2 to 3 times the poverty rates in the suburbs of the same metropolitan area The 2015 poverty rate was highest in the urban core of Dayton (38.5%) and the suburban core of Springfield (16.6%) About one-third of the population in Ohio’s biggest cities, Cincinnati, Cleveland, and Columbus, lived in poverty in 2015

Ohio Association of Community Action Agencies

Appendix Food Insecurity and Youth Table 13. Child poverty by age group, Ohio, 2015 Under age 6 Total In poverty

Ages 6 to 11

Ages 12 to 17

All children under 18

811,156

100.0%

864,423

100.0%

911,084

100.0%

2,586,663

100.0%

205,990

25.4%

183,177

21.2%

161,103

17.7%

550,270

21.3%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates

▪▪ ▪▪

Younger children are experience higher poverty rates than older children Children under age 6 in Ohio experience poverty at the highest rate (25.4%) among child age groups

Table 14. Colleges and universities in Ohio with food banks, 2016

College or university Cincinnati State Technical and Community College Cleveland State University Kent State University

Percent using

Type

Number of students

Cost per credit hour

Full-time tuition per year

Community college

10,600

$149

$3,568

76%

Public

17,730

$402

$9,636

70%

financial aid

Public

28,981

$456

$10,012

80%

Lorain County Community College

Community college

12,274

$118

$2,840

51%

Northwest State Community College

Community college

4,603

$157

$3,776

72%

Ohio State University

Public

58,663

$418

$10,037

67%

Community college

12,577

$153

$3,672

68%

The University of Toledo

Public

20,381

$385

$ 9,242

80%

University of Akron

Public

25,177

$457

$10,977

81%

University of Cincinnati

Public

43,691

$459

$11,000

69%

Wright State University

Public

17,070

$364

$8,730

70%

Private

6,285

$1,497

$35,920

71%

Owens Community College

Xavier University

Source: College and University Food Bank Alliance Ohio data; college and university websites (for enrollment and cost data); cost data based on 2016-2017 in-state, full-time student load or cost of 12 credits. Cost per credit hour was extrapolated from per-semester cost, assuming 12 credit hours per semester, where necessary.

▪▪ ▪▪

Most of the colleges and universities with food banks are public or community colleges, though Xavier University is private The percentage of students using financial aid varies widely from 51% (Lorain Community College) to 81% (University of Akron)

State of Poverty 2016

Appendix Food Insecurity and Youth, continued

Table 15. Intergenerational income mobility, Ohio and the United States, 1980–2012 Probability a child raised in the bottom fifth rose to the top

Probability a child raised in the bottom fifth stayed in the

fifth

bottom fifth

Ohio

5.4%

38.1%

United States

7.5%

33.7%

Sources: Equality of Opportunity Project; Community Research Partners analysis of data from the Equality of Opportunity Project Notes: Probabilities are based on the current family income of a cohort of adults born between 1980 and 1982 whose family income 30 years ago was in the bottom quintile of the national income distribution at that time. State-level probability was derived by weighting county-level probabilities based on annual birth data from the U.S. Census Bureau.

▪▪ ▪▪

One out of every 20 children born in the bottom fifth of the income distribution in Ohio climbs to the top as an adult, while eight remain at the bottom Children raised in the bottom fifth in Ohio are more likely to stay at the bottom (38.1%)— and less likely to rise to the top (5.4%)—than the national average for both probabilities (33.7% and 7.5%, respectively)

Ohio Association of Community Action Agencies

Appendix Food Insecurity and Youth, continued Table 16. Child food insecurity in Ohio and the United States, 2014 Population under age 18, 2014 Ohio United States

Number of children experiencing food insecurity

Child food insecurity rate

Food insecure children likely ineligible for any federal food assistance

% Children who are both food insecure and ineligible for any federal food assistance

2,635,640

628,580

23.8%

207,431

7.9%

73,577,423

15,323,000

20.9%

3,064,600

4.2%

Source: Feeding America, Map the Meal Gap, 2016 report Notes: Food insecurity is defined by the U.S. Department of Agriculture as having limited or uncertain access to adequate food. Federal food assistance programs include: the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), or food stamps; the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC); the National School Lunch Program (NSLP); and various other federal child nutrition programs. The income eligibility criteria for federal food assistance varies by state and program. For instance, in Ohio the SNAP threshold is 130% FPL, while the threshold for other nutrion programs (such as WIC and NSLP) is 185% FPL. Nationally, the highest threshold for any federal food assistance varies by state and is either 185% or 200% FPL.

▪▪ ▪▪ ▪▪

The child food insecurity rate in Ohio is higher than in the United States (23.8% vs. 20.9%) Ohio also has a higher percentage of children who are both food insecure and ineligible for any federal food assistance (7.9% compared to 4.2%) Over half a million Ohio children experience food insecurity

Table 17. Free or reduced-price lunch eligibility, Ohio and the United States, 2013/14 school year Public school students K–12 eligible for free lunch Ohio United States

Public school students K–12 eligible for reduced-price lunch

Public school students K–12 eligible for free or reducedprice lunch

675,108

39.2%

88,340

5.1%

763,448

44.3%

21,747,144

45.0%

3,224,840

6.7%

24,971,984

51.7%

Source: National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), Common Core of Data Notes: National data do not include Arizona or West Virginia due to NCES data quality standards. As such, the total number of public school students in Arizona and West Virginia are not included in the denominator for the calculation of percentages.

▪▪

Ohio students are less likely to be eligible for free or reduced price lunch (44.3%) than U.S. students in general (51.7%)

State of Poverty 2016

Appendix Families in Poverty Table 18. Income to poverty ratio by age group in Ohio, 2015

Total

Under age 6

Under age 18

Ages 18 to 64

Age 65 and over

Total all ages

% 100.0%

811,156

100.0%

2,586,663

100.0%

6,938,508

100.0%

1,770,169

100.0%

11,295,340

Below 50% FPL

103,881

12.8%

266,539

10.3%

463,049

6.7%

41,847

2.4%

771,435

6.8%

Below 100% FPL

205,990

25.4%

550,270

21.3%

989,765

14.3%

134,380

7.6%

1,674,415

14.8%

Below 200% FPL

392,654

48.4%

1,100,989

42.6%

2,081,351

30.0%

497,805

28.1%

3,680,145

32.6%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates

▪▪

The percentage of the population in extreme poverty (below 50% of the Federal Poverty Level or FPL) decreases as the population gets older with 12.8% of children under age 6 living below 50% FPL and only 2.4% of adults age 65 and over living below 50% FPL.

▪▪

One-third of the population, and nearly half of children under age 6, live below 200% FPL

Table 19 Poverty by race/ethnicity, Ohio, 2015 White (nonHispanic) Total In poverty

Black/ AfricanAmerican

Asian

Mixed race

Hispanic/ Latino (of any race)

9,029,676

100.0%

1,366,319

100.0%

225,421

100.0%

295,396

100.0%

398,634

100.0%

1,015,484

11.2%

443,788

32.5%

32,652

14.5%

83,299

28.2%

105,135

26.4%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates

▪▪ ▪▪ ▪▪

Non-Hispanic whites make up the largest percentage of the population but have the smallest percentage of the population in poverty The poverty rate among Black / African Americans is the highest at 32.5% Over a quarter of Mixed race and Hispanic / Latino residents are living in poverty

Ohio Association of Community Action Agencies

Appendix Families in Poverty, continued Table 20. Poverty by race/ethnicity and age, Ohio, 2015 Persons in poverty

Total

White (nonHispanic)

Black/AfricanAmerican

Asian

Mixed race

Hispanic/Latino (of any race)

All age groups

1,680,358

1,015,484

443,788

Under age 6

209,830

102,863

63,892

32,652

83,299

105,135

2,538

21,856

Under age 18

557,137

275,273

18,681

174,879

5,682

50,965

50,338

Ages 18 to 64

989,532

637,673

243,692

25,062

31,045

52,060

Age 65 and older

133,689

102,538

25,217

1,908

1,289

2,737

Poverty rates All age groups

14.9%

11.2%

32.5%

14.5%

28.2%

26.4%

Under age 6

25.6%

17.9%

52.7%

14.9%

37.7%

38.1%

Under age 18

21.4%

14.7%

46.9%

11.0%

32.7%

34.1%

Ages 18 to 64

14.3%

11.4%

29.0%

16.3%

23.9%

22.6%

7.6%

6.5%

16.5%

9.5%

13.5%

13.2%

Age 65 and older

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates

▪▪ ▪▪ ▪▪

Over one quarter of children under age 6 in Ohio live in poverty The poverty rate for children under age 6 is highest for Black / African American persons (52.7%) Seniors age 65 and older have the lowest overall poverty rate, ranging from 6.5% (White, non-Hispanic) to 16.5% (Black / African Americans)

Table 21. Poverty by family type, Ohio, 2015 Married couples with no related children in their care Total In poverty

Married couples with related children in their care

Single men with related children in their care

Single women with related children in their care

1,288,099

100.0%

835,787

100.0%

121,903

100.0%

383,530

100.0%

35,267

2.7%

54,904

6.6%

26,313

21.6%

165,290

43.1%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates

▪▪ ▪▪

Single women with related children in their care live in poverty at double the rate (43.1%) of single men with related children (21.6%) and nearly 7 times the rate of married couples with children in their care (6.6%) Married couples with no children have the lowest poverty rate (2.7%)

State of Poverty 2016

Appendix Families in Poverty, continued Table 22. Poverty by race/ethnicity of householder and family type, Ohio, 2015

Families in poverty All families

Total

White (nonHispanic)

Black/ AfricanAmerican

Asian

Mixed race

Hispanic/ Latino (of any race) 19,891

313,539

188,017

91,642

4,328

10,714

Married couples with no related children in their care

35,267

29,495

3,287

970

605

928

Married couples with related children in their care

54,904

38,716

8,164

1,697

1,078

5,333

26,313

15,268

7,164

343

1,420

2,286

165,290

84,752

62,664

1,125

7,049

10,360

Single men with related children in their care Single women with related children in their care

Poverty rates

10.7%

7.8%

28.4%

8.4%

25.4%

23.9%

Married couples with no related children in their care

2.7%

2.5%

4.7%

5.6%

4.7%

Married couples with related children in their care

6.6%

5.4%

14.7%

6.2%

9.8%

18.5%

Single men with related children in their care

21.6%

16.7%

38.4%

29.6%

33.9%

33.0%

Single women with related children in their care

43.1%

36.6%

52.0%

37.7%

60.8%

54.9%

All families

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates

▪▪ ▪▪

Single women with children in their care continue to have the highest poverty rates, particularly among those listing Mixed race (60.8%), Hispanic/Latina (54.9%), and Black / African American (52.0%) The overall poverty rates for White (non-Hispanic) and Asian families are about one-third the poverty rates of other minority populations

Table 23. Poverty by work experience, Ohio, 2015 Worked full-time, year round Total persons age 16 and older In poverty

Worked part-time or partyear

Unemployed

Not in workforce

3,805,089

100.0%

2,201,332

100.0%

366,727

100.0%

3,198,828

100.0%

92,883

2.4%

422,270

19.2%

143,261

39.1%

656,566

20.5%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates

▪▪ ▪▪

The poverty rate falls dramatically when looking at people employed full-time (2.4%) versus part-time (19.2%) Four out of every ten unemployed people live in poverty

Ohio Association of Community Action Agencies

Appendix Families in Poverty, continued Table 24. Poverty by number of wage-earners, work experience, and family type, Ohio, 2015 Total families Married couple

Families in poverty

Poverty rate

2,123,886

90,171

4.2%

1,183,220

17,033

1.4%

One spouse work

577,773

39,493

6.8%

Neither works

362,893

33,645

9.3%

210,633

34,698

16.5%

Both work, full or part time

Single male householder Works full time

124,069

5,527

4.5%

Works part time

39,730

14,525

36.6%

Does not work

46,834

14,646

31.3%

Single female householder

587,576

188,670

32.1%

Works full time

252,496

27,408

10.9%

Works part time

156,254

83,250

53.3%

Does not work

178,826

78,012

43.6%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates

▪▪ ▪▪

There are more than twice as many single female householder families as single male householder families Married couple families where neither spouse works still have a lower poverty rate (9.3%) than single female householder families where the householder works full time

Table 25. Poverty by educational attainment, Ohio, 2015

Total persons age 25 and older In poverty

No high school diploma or GED

High school diploma or GED

Some college or associate degree

Bachelor’s degree or higher

772,384

100.0%

2,602,156

100.0%

2,268,656

100.0%

2,103,523

100.0%

210,705

27.3%

345,594

13.3%

247,367

10.9%

81,520

3.9%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates

▪▪ ▪▪

Less than 4% of Ohioans with a bachelor’s degree or higher live in poverty More than one in four people without a high school degree or GED live in poverty

State of Poverty 2016

Appendix Families in Poverty, continued Table 26. Seniors living in poverty by sex, Ohio, 2015 Female, 65 and older

Male, 65 and older

Total, age 65 and older

Total seniors

990,576

100.0%

779,593

100.0%

1,770,169

100.0%

In poverty

86,881

8.8%

47,499

6.1%

134,380

7.6%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates

▪▪

Women age 65 and older are more likely to live in poverty (8.8%) than men age 65 and older (6.1%)

Table 27. Grandparents responsible for grandchildren, Ohio, 2015 Under age 60 Total grandparents In poverty

Total, all ages

58,858

% 100.0%

Age 60 and older 34,536

% 100.0%

93,394

100.0%

14,538

24.7%

5,698

16.5%

20,266

21.7%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates Notes: This table shows grandparents responsible for their own granchildren; however, the next table shows grandparents responsible for grandchildren where the grandchild’s parent is not present.

▪▪ ▪▪ ▪▪

One in five grandparent caregivers live in poverty According to a national report, one in three grandparent caregivers who are solely responsible for their grandchildren, without parent involvement, live in poverty (see Table 28 for more on these families) The poverty rate for grandparents decreases in older grandparents (those 60 and older)

Table 28. Grandparent caregivers responsible for grandchildren with no parent present, Ohio, 2015

Under age 60 Total grandparents With no parent present

Total, all ages

58,858

% 100.0%

Age 60 and older 34,536

% 100.0%

93,394

100.0%

21,248

36.1%

17,924

51.9%

39,132

41.9%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 1-year estimates

▪▪ ▪▪ ▪▪ ▪▪

Nearly 40,000 grandparents are responsible for their grandchildren and live in a household where the grandchild’s parent is not present These families are often referred to as “skipped-generation families” Older grandparents (age 60 and older) are more likely to be solely responsible for their grandchildren than younger grandparents Nationwide, one in three grandparent households who raise their grandchildren without parents present live in poverty, according to Grandfacts: Data, Interpretation, and Implication for Caregivers published in December 2009

Ohio Association of Community Action Agencies

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