ODYSSEY Staff Handbook 2023-2024 by ODYSSEY Media Group

ODYSSEY STAFF HANDBOOK 2023-24

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

Dear students, Thank you for applying or reapplying for a position on the newsmagazine/online staff. We are looking forward to working with you throughout the year and seeing everyone’s journalistic development. The ODYSSEY Media Group is a student-run news organization that operates as a convergence model, where student journalists produce a range of content that is published both in our newsmagazine, social media, YouTube and on our website. The purpose of the ODYSSEY program is to inform, entertain, and give voice to the Clarke Central High School community. The ODYSSEY program provides students the opportunity to become journalists through rigorous hands-on training. Students will interview stakeholders in the CCHS and Athens community, write a variety of story genres from breaking news to editorials, learn how to create multimedia and quality designs, and explore other areas of journalism such as broadcast, podcast, and photography. Throughout the learning process, students will learn how to work within a team and grow personally and professionally with the support of the Production staff. Being a part of ODYSSEY is more than just being in a class. It is a part of something larger in the community and it is an award winning program. You should be proud to be in the program and proud of the work you get to do. Make sure that you enjoy your time in ODYSSEY and take advantage of the opportunities for growth. By being in ODYSSEY, you are committing to journalism and the standards we abide by. Your commitment goes above and beyond the assignments in a typical classroom. You must be able to communicate with staffers, hold yourself accountable and push yourself to achieve everything you can. Luckily, you won’t have to do this alone. You need to rely on the other staffers and editors and understand what you are expected to do. The Cabinet and Mr. Ragsdale are excited to be working with everyone during the 2022-23 school year and see everyone’s passions be portrayed through journalism and individual growth. Sincerely, 2023-24 ODYSSEY Media Group Cabinet

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

ODYSSEY STAFF HANDBOOK The ODYSSEY Staff Handbook provides instruction and explanation of the staff 's procedures -- it breaks down everything from the production of the magazine and website to the standard protocol of Room 231. Each staff member is expected to thoroughly read and understand the contents of this guide and must keep their copy of the manual with them at all times. Every publication has a specific style for its writing, design and process of production - this booklet is your guide to the ODYSSEY's style. To maintain consistency in our magazine, online publication and social media platforms, as well as understanding among our staff members, we use this as a foundation for our work. This guide is a helpful tool for both newcomers and veterans alike and should be referred to many times thorughout the year. Included in this manual: tips to improve writing, interviewing and designing; major AP Style laws to abide by; description and duties of the Editorial Board positions, class procedures outside of the website and magazine production; and in-depth guides to the many aspects of journalism -- Viewpoints, News, Variety, Features, Sports, Photography, Broadcast, Social Media and Web Management. This manual should be with you whenver you engage in ODYSSEY tasks. Highlighting and annotating this guide's pages is recommended.

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

Odyssey The ODYSSEY is a student-run news publication, published with the intent to inform, entertain and give voice to the Clarke Central High School community, as well as to educate student journalists. Established in 2003, the ODYSSEY is published four times a year, and each issue is an open public forum for student expression under the guidance of a faculty adviser.

Editor-in-Chief: Molly Harwell

Student journalists are provided with opportunities to investigate, inform, interpret and to evaluate: all traditionally accepted functions of the press in America. Published opinions do not necessarily reflect the views of anyone other than the staff.

News Editor: Isabella Westrich

The ODYSSEY staff is committed to reflect the mission statement set forth by Clarke Central High School. The goals of the staff are to provide fair, accurate news and commentaries, as well as to serve the interests of the school and Athens’ community.

Illustrator: Sam Harwell

Publication of advertisements does not indicate an endorsement by CCHS or the ODYSSEY staff.

Digital Editor-in-Chief: Anna Shaikun Managing Editor: Maya Clement Lead Copy Editor: Wyatt Meyer Viewpoints Editor: Peter Atchley

Variety Editor: Janie Ripps Sports Editor: Cadence Schapker Business Manager: Audrey St.Onge

Staff Members: UPDATE UPDATE UPDATE Adviser: David A. Ragsdale ODYSSEY NEWSMAGAZINE Clarke Central High School 350 S. Milledge Avenue Athens, Georgia 30605 Phone: (706) 357-5200 Ext. 17370

Students pictured in advertisements are not given monetary compensation. All advertising rates are available upon request from any ODYSSEY staff member. The ODYSSEY is a member of the Columbia Scholastic Press Association, Georgia Scholastic Press Association, National Scholastic Press Association, Southern Interscholastic Press Association and Quill and Scroll Honor Society. Corrections of errors and omissions will appear in the next issue as well as on the ODYSSEY website.

Masthead A masthead is a list, usually found on the editorial page of a newspaper or magazine, of the members of the newspaper’s editorial board. If no editorial board exists, the masthead will often feature a list of top news staff members. Some mastheads also include information such as the publication’s founding date, slogan, logo and contact information. A borrowed term, a masthead in the shipping industry is a brass plate that would be affixed to the main mast of a commercial sailing vessel.

Editorial Policy The ODYSSEY is a student-produced newsmagazine and online publication, published with the intent to inform, entertain and give voice to the Clarke Central High School community, as well as to educate student journalists. Both the website and each issue are public forums for student expression under the guidance of a faculty adviser. Student journalists are provided with opportunities to investigate, inform, interpret and evaluate all traditionally accepted functions of the American press. Published opinions do not necessarily reflect the views of anyone other than the writers. The ODYSSEY staff is committed to adhere to the mission statement set forth by CCHS. The goals of the staff are to provide fair, accurate news and commentaries, as well as to serve the interests of the school and Athens community. Publication of advertisements does not indicate an endorsement by CCHS or by the ODYSSEY staff. Students pictured in advertisements are not given monetary compensation. All advertising rates are available upon request from any ODYSSEY staff member. The ODYSSEY is a member of the Columbia Scholastic Press Association, Georgia Scholastic Press Association, National Scholastic Press Association, Southern Interscholastic Press Association and Quill and Scroll Honor Society. Corrections of errors will appear in the next issue and on the ODYSSEY website.

Mission Statement The ODYSSEY Media Group is a student-produced news source for Clarke Central High School that informs, entertains and gives voice to CCHS students through fair, accurate and balanced news and commentary. The OMG educates student journalists, providing them with opportunities for growth as communicators, leaders and advocates for justice.

Vision Statement The ODYSSEY Media Group is available to voice the concerns of the Clarke Central High School community, to promote truth and transparency in times of unease, and to deter inaccuracy and the spread of misinformation.

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

ODYSSEY Media Group ODYSSEY Newsmagazine

ODYSSEY Online

iliad Literary-Art Magazine

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

TABLE OF CONTENTS Cabinet and Editorial Board

7-10

Support Staff

ODYSSEY Basics

12-26

ODYSSEY and AP Style

27-35

Writing and interviewing

36-41

Menus

42-55

Online

56-60

Photography

61-62

Broadcast

63-70

Design

71-78

Viewpoints

79-83

News

84-87

Features

88-91

Variety

92-94

Sports

95-100

Glossary

101-107

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

CABINET Editor-in-Chief The Editor-in-Chief is responsible for every aspect of the newsmagazine – from initial planning to distribution of the final copy in print. There are several key tasks that they perform:

Molly Harwell

• • • • • • • • • • • • •

Serve as head of the Editorial Staff and facilitate staff meetings Establish the ODYSSEY print schedule for the year Establish deadlines for print articles, ad copy (with Business Staff) Compile primary files from section editors, etc., into master files Write the “Letter from the Editor” column Edit and proof all final drafts before publishing Send off the magazine to printing company, directs proofing process Provide leadership of and responsibility for the magazine and its staff Display knowledge and share experience in all areas of the magazine Represent the ODYSSEY at Board of Education meetings Direct critical review following each issue publication Sits in during human resource sessions, some peer evaluations Assist adviser in the interviewing and recommendation of individuals for staff positions for following year

managing editor The Managing Editor acts as the right hand to the Editor-in-Chief. They are responsible for managing the communication of the ODYSSEY Media Group as a whole and maintaining a positive, produc-tive workroom environment, acting as the de facto ODYSSEY Newsmagazine human resource department. There are several key tasks that they perform:

Maya Clement

• • • • • • • • • • • •

Be available for staffers at all times Communicate and enforce all deadlines dictated by the EIC Schedule peer evaluations and facilitate peer evaluation conferences Handle sensitive issues among staff with the guidance of the adviser Work with the EIC and other Editorial Board members to vet pitches and assign stories Edit and proofread all final drafts before they are published in print Help to conduct staff-bonding activities Attend and take minutes at Cabinet and Editorial Board meetings Fully master AP and ODYSSEY Stylebooks and have access to both at all times Write the “Boiling Point” column Help to conduct staff-bonding activities

lead copy editor The Lead Copy Editor is a direct consultant to the Editor-in-Chief when it comes to copy editing for the ODYSSEY Media Group. They are responsible for the quality, coherence and factuality of every story that is produced, as well as ensuring that each story meets both AP and ODYSSEY standards. There are several key tasks that they perform:

Wyatt Meyer

• • • • • • • • • •

Fully master the AP and ODYSSEY Stylebooks and have access to both at all times Discuss and update ODYSSEY Style to reflect changes in journalistic writing Lead mini-lessons on both ODYSSEY and AP Style Check in with Section Editors and their staffers throughout the cycle Ensure all copy (articles) meet ODYSSEY standards Ensure body text, captions, headlines and decks meet ODYSSEY standards Be available for staffers at all times Communicate and enforce all deadlines dictated by the EIC Work with the EIC and Ragsdale to vet pitches and assign stories Edit and proofread all final drafts before they are published ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

digital editor-in-chief The Digital Editor-in-Chief is responsible for every aspect of the ODYSSEY’s digital presence – from social media to the website. There are several key tasks that they perform: • • • • • • • • • • • •

Anna Shaikun

Oversees daily upkeep of website Oversee the Media Group’s social media presence Establish deadlines for multimedia and other assignments Serve as head of the the digital branch and facilitate regular meetings Edit all final drafts that will be posted on to online platforms Write “Letter from the Editor” column each production cycle Represent the “collective voice” of ODYSSEY website in all public arenas Display knowledge and share experience in all areas of the website Provide leadership of and responsibility for the website and its staff Represent the ODYSSEY at Board of Education meetings Sits in during human resource sessions, some peer evaluations Assist adviser in the interviewing and recommendation of individuals for staff positions for following year

EDITORIAL BOARD photography editor The Photography Editor is one of the ODYSSEY Media Group’s visual editors. The Photography Editor must ensure that photos published by the ODYSSEY Meda Group meet ODYSSEY standards in regard to composition, lighitng and subject matter. The Photography Editor must actively communicate and update the Editors-in-Chief on the status of photos for the magazine and website. There are several key tasks that they perform: • • • • •

Aza Khan

• • • •

Go on photoshoots for stories Maintain directory of stock photos for use in breaking news and other stories Upkeep and maintenance of photo equipment and supplies Conduct inventory of equipment each semester with Mr. Ragsdale Work closley with staff wirters and editors to plan photoshhoots and ensure the production and quality of all photos Lead photography staffers on photos shoots and model professionalism with stakeholders Must produce photo galleries for the website and social media platforms Upload photos to the ODYSSEY server in Room 231 and the Flickr visual repository Communicate with the rest of the Editorial Board on visual status

business manager The Business Manager works with the Editor-in-Chief and the Business staff to maintain and create new public relations while upkeeping the ODYSSEY Media Group’s finances. The Business Manager works closely with the school bookkeeper and Mr. Ragsdale to ensure timely and efficient handling of incoming revenue and expenses. There are several key tasks that they perform: • • • •

Audrey St. Onge

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

• • • • • •

Promote thank-you note writing and delivery Coordinate and share out the “Do not interview” list each cycle Coordinate the Marketing Project (subscription sales) Coordinate in-house marketing of the ODYSSEY Media Group through advertising, which includes production of advertisement contracts, invoices and ad rate cards Distribute and collect field trip permission slips Organize issue awards and cycle celebrations Keep track of finances using receipt book and approved digital files Collect and deposit funds from ad sales, fundraisers, field trips, donations, etc. Keep meeting space clean and organized Facilitate magazine distribution with Editor-in-Chief and a select group of “Street Team” members

social media coordinator The Social Media Coordinator serves under the digital branch. They are responsible for promotoing the work of the ODYSSEY Media Group and engaging the Clarke Central High School community through social media. There are several key task that they perform: • • • •

Isabelle Duncan

• • • • • •

Make sure social media is portraying the ODYSSEY as a fair and reliable media outlet for communicy news Post everyday on Instagram, which may include but not limited to scenes, story promos, senior spotlights, magazine distribution promos, merchandise promos, etc. Post everyday on Facebook, sharing content that specifically targets our older audience Posts vetted and approved breaking news in a timley fashion in keeping with OMG standards Create infographics to promote timely events for social media and Instagram polls Lead mini-lessons on promotional content to accompany stories Post approved staff-produced promotional posts on social media accounts Make sure social media is visually appeaking and cohesive to the OMG design style palette Set metrics each semester for audience engagement and to increase followers Oversee the ODYSSEY Media Group's social media template library on Canva and create new templates as necessary

news editor The News Editor is one of the Media Group’s Section Editors. They are responsible for the News Staff and the section’s presence in the magazine and on the website. There are several key tasks that they perform: • • • • •

Isabella Westrich

Sports editor

• • • • • •

Ensure story topics are relevant nationally, locally and to the Clarke Central High School community Be responsible for regular content on the website, including breaking news stories and regular updates on the activities of CCHS clubs, events and departmental issues Be responsible for in-depth feature news stories in the magazine Work with Digital Staff to package in-depth features for multimedia presentation online Coordinate the production of at least one in-depth, prominent profile per production cycle, e.g., Brian Kemp, Linda Boza, Swade Huff Produce the layout and design of the News section for the ODYSSEY Newsmagazine Work with Viewpoints Editor to produce sister articles (news peg) Edit and conference about staffers’ stories Coach staffers on News writing Attend PTSO and School Board meetings for coverage Communicate with the rest of the Editorial Board on story and visual status

The Sports Editor is one of the Media Group’s section editors. They are responsible for the Sports Staff and the section’s presence in the magazine and on the website. There are several key tasks they must perform: • • • • •

Cadence Schapker

• • • • • • • •

Assign and gather all sports-related news and sports feature material, which may include but not limited to profiles, issue-based news and commentary Write a column during each production cycle Ensure selection of athletes and compilation of data for “Star Players” in the magazine Establish and maintain relationships with coaches and the Athletic Director Schedule and coordinate three media days a year for athletes and coaches playing fall, winter, and spring sports Keep up with sports nationally and locally, and have some knowledge of sports Edit and conference about staffers’ stories Have access to the OMG Sports Twitter account to promote sports coverage Cover live sporting events with staff and write timely game coverage Produce the layout and design of the Sports section for the ODYSSEY Newsmagazine Communicate with the rest of the Editorial Board on story and visual status Responsible for the packaging content for Cedar-Central competitions, e.g., the Classic City Championship for football and rivalry home/away games for other varsity sports Coach staffers on sports and sports writing ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

EDITORIAL BOARD viewpoints editor The Viewpoints Editor is one of the Media Group’s Section Editors. Responsible for the Viewpoints Staff and the section’s presence in the magazine and on the website. There are several key tasks that they perform: • • • • •

Peter Atchley

• • • • •

Express the views of Clarke Central High School students and faculty by inviting guest writers Write a column each production cycle and produce regular Viewpoints content for website and magazine, which may include polls, blogs or timely “Head-to-Head” pieces Ensure that topics in Viewpoints reflect the diversity of interests at CCHS Ensure story topics range from national issues to school-related issues to personal issues Be responsible for managing/compiling/producing Viewpoints “extras”, which consist of “Our Take” staff editorial, “Question of the Month,” “Letters to the Editor,” "Thumbs" and “Fresh Voice” column Produce the layout and design of the Viewpoints section Work with the News Editor to produce sister articles (news peg) Edit and conference on staffers' stories after rough draft deadline Communicate with the rest of the Editorial Board on story and visual statuses Coach staffers on editorial writing

variety editor The Variety Editor is one of the Media Group’s Section Editors. Responsible for the Variety Staff and the section’s presence in the magazine and on the website. There are several key tasks they must perform: • • • • • • • Janie Ripps

• • • • • •

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

Ensure that topics in their section reflect the diversity of interests at CCHS, and that they are relevant nationally and locally Write a column each production cycle Compiles in-depth feature stories and profiles in the magazine and online Edit and conference on staffers' stories after rough draft deadline Assign blurbs and set deadlines for"Cultural Buzz" and spreads that appear in the variety section of the magazine Coordinate “Quest for Athens Best” as a two-page spread in print and a four-part online package Capture the pulse of the building and community; articles in Variety should balance entertainment with informative community news Work with Digital Staff to package in-depth features for multimedia presentation online Produce the layout and design of the Variety section Communicate with the rest of the Editorial Board on story and visual statuses Maintain relationships with CCHS fine/performing arts teachers and club leaders, i.e., visual arts, band, orchestra, drama, etc. Coach staffers on review and news writing Ensure timely packages during awards season, e.g., Grammy, Oscars, etc.

SUPPORT STAFF Webmaster The Webmaster is responsible for working with the Digital Editor to ensure the daily upkeep of the website. There are several key tasks that they perform: • • • • •

Post content to the website daily Ensure the website is clean, up-to-date, running smoothly, visually pleasing and user-friendly Announce to the entire staff when content is posted to the wbeite, verbally, via email and over text, including links and pictures when applicable Work with the rest of the Digital Team to make sure new content is being promoted on social media Work with the Digital Editor to make sure the website's design is cohesive to ODYSSEY's design style palette

Luke Shannon

Illustrator Illustrators are artists who use their creative skills to create original images for a range of printed and digital pieces. They are responsible for working closely with staffers and editors to turn ideas into inspiring illustrations. There are several key tasks they must perform: • • • • • • • •

Participate in design briefs with staffers, editors and/or adviser to identify needs and concepts Brainstorm with the design team to come up with new ideas, patterns and styles Prepare rough drafts according to requirements Combine hand-drawing and painting with digital media to create complete illustrations Ensure that illustrations meet quality and color standards Refine designs with illustration software Use various colors, graphics and effects to better visualize each concept Define time and budget limitations

photographer Photographers are responsible for taking photos to be posted cross-platform and for contributing visuals for staffers' stories. They must ensure that photos published by the ODYSSEY meet ODYSSEY standards in regards to composition, lighting and subject matter. They must actively communicate and update the EIC, LCE and Photography Editor on the status of photos for magazine and website. There are several key tasks they must perform: • • • • • •

Go on weekly photoshoots for stories Upkeep and maintain photo equipment and supplies Work closely with staff writers and editors to plan photoshoots and ensure the production and quality of all photos Model professionalism with stakeholders Produce photo galleries for the website and social media platforms Upload photos to Flickr and Google Photos, according to where Photography Editor sees fit

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

ADDITIONAL POSITIONS VISUALS COORDINATOR The Visuals Coordinator ensures that all visual elements -- photos, cartoons, graphics and videos -- published cross-platform (newmagazine, website, social media) meet ODYSSEY standards. They are responsible for facilitating communication between photographers, artists, videographers and the rest of the staff. They are several key tasks that they perform: • • • • •

Manage the Visuals staff, which includes photographers, illustrator and broadcast staffers Conference with any and all students, on or off staff, contributing visual elements Actively communicate with other members of the Cabinet and Editorial Board on the status of visual elements Be responsible for upkeep and maintenance of visuals equipment Contribute visual elements when needed

digital junior copy editor The Digital Junior Copy Editor serves under the digital branch and is responsible for ensuring that articles meet AP and ODYSSEY standards. They’re responsible for assisting the LCE with increasing the quality, coherence and factuality of every story that is published cross-platform. Particular tasks that the DJCE is in charge of include:

• Must fully master AP and ODYSSEY style and have access to each at all times. • Ensures captions, headlines and decks meet ODYSSEY standards. • Works with LCE to edit section pieces every Friday/early Saturday • Works with LCE to edit Menu items every month the weekend after due

digital managing editor The Digital Managing Editor is part of the Online Leadership Team, is the right hand of the Digital Editor-in-Chief, and is responsible for nearly all aspects of the online presence. Here are key tasks that the editor performs: • • • • • • • • • • • •

Facilitates and manages Digital Staff. Managing Digital Staff evaluations, and conferences. Responsible for helping Digital reporters adhere to deadlines. Managing any Digital staff conflict under the guidance of the adviser. Leading brainstorming sessions for Digital articles. Taking minutes at staff meetings. Edits articles, along with the WEIC, at the final draft deadline. Assists Webmaster with the posting of timely content. Oversees multimedia content to ensure engaging reader experiences. Ensures that the website is updated with new content 2-4 times a week, if not daily. Ensures online content is paired with relevant social media attuned to the proper platform, e.g., TikTok, Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, Flickr, etc. Maintains a positive workroom environment.

*NOTE: The positions listed above are ones that are not currently filled on staff this year, but are still included in the Staff Handbook to show other possible positions and establish expectations.

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

JOURNALISM 1 CLASS (J1)

The Journalism 1 class is an introductory class meant to prepare students to join the Production Class as staff members of the ODYSSEY Media Group. The J1 class is led by veteran facilitators who are/were members of the ODYSSEY. J1 students will learn the basics of journalism: interviewing, writing, multimedia, marketing, journalistic ethics and more.

iSABELLA WESTRICH Isabella Westrich is a senior at Clarke Central High School in Athens, Georgia and a Journalism I Facilitator and News Editor for the ODYSSEY Media Group. Through her work, she hopes to grow her leadership skills, connect with community members and colleagues, and create content that represents the unique culture of Athens and CCHS. In her free time, she likes listening to music and spending time with friends.

aza khan Aza Khan, a senior at Clarke Central High School in Athens, Georgia, works as the Photography Editor and Journalism I Facilitator for the ODYSSEY Media Group. Khan's passion for writing and photography drives her to tell the stories of people in her community and further improve her skills as a journalist. In her spare time, Khan enjoys exploring various cuisines, reading, and traveling.

AUDREY ST. ONGE Audrey St. Onge is a senior, the Business Manager and a Journalism One Facilitator for the ODYSSEY Media Group. This is her fourth year doing ODYSSEY and she is excited to finish her time in the program strong. She hopes she can meet new people, hear their stories and leave an impact. Audrey aims to represent the CCHS and Athens community in a fair and balanced way and create an environment where stories can be shared.

isabelle duncan Isabelle Duncan is a senior at Clarke Central High School in Athens, Georgia, and the Social Media Coordinator and Journalism I Facilitator for the ODYSSEY Media Group. Throughout the year, Duncan hopes to grow as a leader as an Editor and J1 Facilitator as well as share the unique stories of Athens’ community. In her free time, Duncan enjoys competitive dance, working out at the gym, going to music concerts, and spending time with friends. ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

STAFF EMAILS Communication among staff members is imperative to success and should always be handled professionally. Communication should not be one-way. When emailed, called or texted, one must always respond as soon as possible. Do not hesitate to contact any member on staff with questions, comments or concerns. The ODYSSEY staff ’s main source of contact is through a dedicated Gmail server. To access your account, log in at www.gmail.com and type in your complete email address, followed by your password.

editors@odysseynewsmagazine.net: Editor-in-Chief, Lead Copy Editor, Visuals Coordinator, Digital Editor and Mr. Ragsdale production@odysseynewsmagazine.net: Production class facilitators@odysseynewsmagazine.net Journalism 1 facilitators and Mr. Ragsdale seniors@odysseynewsmagazine.net All seniors in the ODYSSEY Media Group edboard@odysseynewsmagazine.net: All editors in the ODYSSEY Media Group visuals@odysseynewsmagazine.net: Editors-in-Chief, Photography Editor, Photographers and Illustrator business@odysseynewsmagazine.net: Mr. Ragsdale and Business Manager

To email the entire ODYSSEY Media Group staff, email “staff@odysseynewsmagazine.net." Make sure that peer evaluations and other personal and/or confidential emails are not sent to the staff email. Remember emails sent to this address go out to EVERYONE.

ODYSSEY staffers also communicate over the phone and with texts. All Production and J1 staffers’ numbers are listed at https://bit.ly/2F27xXv.

To email an entire section, put the name of that section, followed by “@odysseynewsmagazine.” For example, to email the Variety Staff, email “variety@odysseynewsmagazine.net.”

CLASS POLICIES

STAYING LATE:

STAFF MEMBER COMMUNICATION:

Your work for the ODYSSEY Media Group will often require you to log hours outside of the allotted class time. All ODYSSEY staffers and J1 students are expected to stay after school for posted enrichment time on Tuesdays and Thursdays from 3:30 to 5:30 -- we certainly understand the need to attend extracurriculars or sports after school, so the ODYSSEY computer lab is open each day at 7:30 a.m. Weekend work days will also be scheduled in advance. If you cannot attend a weekend workday, you must have your parent/guardian contact Mr. Ragsdale.

Communication among staff members is imperative to success and should always be handled professionally and courteously. Communication should not be one-way. When emailed, called or texted, OMG staff must always respond in no less than 24 hours. Do not hesitate to contact any member on staff with questions, comments or concerns.

ADVISER COMMUNICATION:

DEADLINE PRIDE:

Limit texts to Mr. Ragsdale to business hours (no earlier than 7:30 a.m. or later than 9 PM). If you need to get in touch with him for guidance or support, feel free to email him.

At the end of a cycle and prior to magazine send-off, the ODYSSEY staff participates in Deadline Pride. For Deadline Pride, all members of the staff are expected to participate and dress in the assigned color, prepared to represent their staff. Don’t be afraid to go all out.

ADVERTISING: Selling newsmagazines is a large component of fundraising for our publication and should be taken seriously. At the beginning of the year, students will engage in a marketing unit and will have a marketing assignment where they try to sell as many subscriptions as possible. Students will determine people who they could sell to and set goals for themselves. In addition to this, there will be staff goals for how many subscriptions we are hoping to sell.

GROUP CHAT RULES: All staffers with iPhones are a part of the ODYSSEY iMessage group chat and all staffers are a part of the ODYSSEY GroupMe. Both group chats have rules in order to establish professionalism and proper conduct. Students are not allowed to text the group chat after 10:15 unless it is an emergency. There will be no use of profanity, no discussion of criminal activities and no bullying. In addition to this, students are encouraged to maintain professionalism and keep in mind that the group chat is used to communicate important information.

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

CLASSROOM PROCEDURES DRESS CODE:

MATERIALS:

As a part of the ODYSSEY staff, you have an image to uphold as responsible journalists on and off the CCHS campus. On days in which you have an ODYSSEY function, including interviews, press conferences, guest speakers, etc., you are expected to dress and behave appropriately, as you will be representing the ODYSSEY staff and brand name. It is expected that all staff members dress in school-approved attire daily.

Each staff member is expected to have materials upon which to take notes and store handouts in class every day. Staffers must keep up with all drafts, notes, peer evaluation conference feedback forms, interviews notes, etc. in an organized system -- staffers should not combine their OMG notebook with other classes.

GEORGIA GAME DAYS: ODYSSEY members who are 16 years old and older work a concession stand at UGA football games to raise funds for the program. All staff members who are working the stand at UGA games are required to dress in uniform. Uniform includes black or khaki shorts or pants, hats (not another college team), closed-toe shoes and a white T-shirt. Eligible staff members are asked to work at least five games this year. Funds raised from UGA football games have greatly enhanced staff culture and productivity, including scholarships, prorated fees for staff travel, needed equipment, OMG t-shirts and hats and other related materials.

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

All production class staff member are expected and required to wear their press pass in an ODYSSEY context.

CLASS CHECKLIST: • • • • • • • • • • •

Press pass Personal Learning Device ODYSSEY Stylebook Notebook paper/notepad Hard copies of your drafts, notes and past peer evaluation forms A 1.5 inch binder for handouts, drafts, etc. Headphones Pens, pencils A personal calendar/agenda to keep track of due dates Handheld device for interviewing/on-site photography (Optional, but encouraged): AP Stylebook, lapel mics

FORMATS DOCUMENTS

INTERVIEW REQUESTS

ALL draft documents that staff members create in class are setup in a particular way, consisting of one's name, position, name of teacher and period, date, draft type, word count and who has edited the piece. Ex:

Staff members will regularly hold interviews with teachers, administrators, students and community members throughout the school year and must request those interviews in a professional and timely manner, well in advance of deadlines. Here is an example of an email interview request:

Your name: Molly Harwell Your position: Editor-in-Chief Teacher and period: Ragsdale, 3rd Date: 30 Aug. 2023 Draft type: Rough draft Word count: 500 Edited by: Maya Clement, Anna Shaikun Along with a proper heading, all draft documents should contain a story headline in bold, an italicized deck, copy text, a byline at the end and a visual with a caption.

EMAIL SIGNATURES Your name: Maya Clement Position: Managing Editor ODYSSEY Media Group Clarke Central High School 350 S. Milledge Avenue Athens, GA 30605 odysseynewsmagaine.net @odysseynewsmag

Hello Mr. Bramlett, My name is Molly Harwell and I am the Editor-in-Chief for the ODYSSEY Media Group at Clarke Central High School. I’m currently working on a story about the English department's plans to increase literacy rates in our building and, as an English teacher, your voice is meaningful to my story. I would love to talk with you to learn more about your approach to this issue. I have a deadline 10 days from now so I’d like to touch base at your earliest convenience. I’m available to meet before school, after school or during first lunch. Please let me know what time works best for you. Thank you, Molly Harwell

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

THANK YOU NOTES All ODYSSEY Media Group staff members are required to write thank you notes (which are provided) to anyone interviewed each cycle. This includes CCHS students. These notes are to be hand-written and delivered within 48 hours of the interviews completion. Here is an example of a proper thank-you note:

Dear Ms. Perez, Thank you so much for taking time out of your day to have an interview with me last week. Hearing your insight on the effects of too much homework on high school students was interesting and added greatly to my story. I appreciate your openness to speak on the subject and your cooperation and enthusiasm were extremely helpful. I enjoyed meeting with you, and I thank you for helping me uncover the truth as a journalist and CCHS student. The article will go online within the next month, and I will send you a link as soon as it is posted. Thank you again, Anna Shaikun

ADDRESSING AN ENVELOPE Thank you notes are to be handwritten on ODYSSEY stationery. Here is an example of a properly addressed envelope:

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

GOOGLE DRIVE ORGANIZATION Google Drive is used to organize most all ODYSSEY-related documents and files. Drive is also used to submit assignments, so it needs to be organized and labeled uniformly. Below is the organization.

PRIMARY FOLDER: 2023-24 SUBMISSIONS Within Submissions: Feature Stories, Beats, Menus and more Within Feature Stories: Cycle 1, Cycle 2, cycle story checklist • In each cycle folder, there is a folder for each section. Within the section folder are folders with each staffer’s full name. There is also a spreadsheet with feature assignments for that cycle (once assigned). • Required elements within individuals’ folder: rough, final, audio/video from interviews, transcriptions completed with fidelity, visuals, social media element, rubrics • Drafts should be called: Lastname_Rough/Middle/Final Within Beats: Every week • In each folder, there is a subfolder for each section story. Staffers will each have a folder labeled with their full name within the appropriate staff folder. • In each folder: The story and folders for drafts, audio, transcriptions, visuals and social media -- labeled as such, as well as a filled out rubric. • Everything should be labeled. The story should be labeled: Lastname_Choice Story 1, 2, 3, 4, etc. Within Menus: Sept, Oct, Nov, Jan, Feb, March, April, menu checklists • In each month’s folder: folder titled each staffer’s full name • Within their folder is: The completed menu item, audio (if applicable), transcriptions (if applicable), visuals and other necessary components for the staffer’s choice of menu, rubric • Draft should be called: Lastname_Menu (Example: Harwell_Menu6)

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

ODYSSEY POLICIES

As a student-led media organization, it is extremely important for our program to function under the ethical guidance of the SPJ Code of Ethics. To properly do so, we have guiding policies for much of the work we do. Listed below are the policies written by and for the ODYSSEY Media Group. These policies help grow and guide young journalists in our program.

ODYSSEY EMAIL POLICY:

TRANSCRIPTION POLICY:

Your class-assigned ODYSSEY email accounts should be used exclusively for ODYSSEY business. Any school-related emails should be sent from your Clarke County School District account. At the end of a staffer’s career, their account will be terminated with due notice. Staffers may wish to transfer their files to a personal account prior to that date. Staffers should email sources to set up interviews, photoshoots or to address follow-up questions in a professional manner. All emails should include a salutation and closing (see page 16). Email should be checked daily and staffers must respond to correspondence within 24 hours to provide quality communication.

All interviews should be transcribed in their entirety as soon as possible after the interview is conducted. The transcription should then be reviewed by your Section Editor for accuracy. This is a good way to look back at the quotes you are planning to use and to make sure all of your quotes are correct. Your transcriptions function as insurance against misquoting your source. Transcriptions should be written as a script and with complete fidelity.

INTERVIEWING POLICY: All interviews should be conducted face-to-face in order to get the best quality interview. If your source is not available to talk in person, you should schedule an over-the-phone interview or Zoom/Google Meeting interview. Avoid interviewing over email or text messages at all costs, as this limits the opportunity for candid responses and follow-up questions. To avoid conflicts of interests, staffers do not interview friends, family members or those with whom objectivity is compromised. Unless unavoidable, staffers should not interview those in their same grade. In cases in which a source requests to see interview questions in advance, the writer should immediately vet the situation with their Section Editor, the Cabinet and Mr. Ragsdale.

INTERRUPTING CLASS: Since the ODYSSEY is a school publication, many interviews are conducted during the school day with students and teachers. Attempt to schedule interviews during the student’s lunch time or before or after school. Do not pull your source out of a class (especially core classes) to interview them unless as a last resort. If they decline, be respectful of the teacher and their right to not allow the student to leave. Do not assume a teacher is “cool” with a pull-out or that the teacher “doesn’t care”.

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

In addition to the typed transcriptions, all interview recordings (audio/visual/screenshots of texts or email PDFS) should be uploaded to your transcription folder. Recordings should be labeled your last name_subject’s name_date.

In instances in which OMG protocols are not properly followed, Mr. Ragsdale, the appropriate Cabinet Member and Section Editor, if applicable, will host a coaching session with a staffer not in compliance.

Correct Example Transcription: Sophomore and News Staffer John Doe: Just some introductory stuff first. Can you state your name? Burney-Harris-Lyons Middle School Principal Dr. Makeba Clark: In any formal way? OK. My name is Dr. Makeba Clark. I am the principal here at Burney-Harris-Lyons Middle School. JD: Alright, and can you spell your name? MC: M-A-K-E-B-A, C-L-A-R-K. JD: Alright, and you're the principal. OK. So, tell me right off the bat, how has the start of the school year been for you? MC: The start of the school year has been very exciting. We always start the school year by teaching expectations. We are a PBIS school. We always start the school year (by) talking about our ROAR expectations. R standing for respectful, O for organized, A for aspiring and then the last R is for responsible. With doing that, we have our first ROAR rally coming up -- the first Friday of September. A lot of our kids have come ready to learn and (have) been engaged. Our teachers are excited and we're just excited to kick off the start of the year. JD: OK. You said that BHL is a PBIS school. MC: Yep. JD: Can you tell me a little more about that? MC: Yes. So PBIS stands for Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports. Basically, it's a framework that's been used across the state and US as a way to promote and inform students of expectations, normal expectations, and recognize them for always doing what's right. Even when someone's not looking. Once kids know that they are being recognized... We also use something called dojo points. That's D-O-J-O. So we use an app called Class Dojo. Kids are able to earn points in each of their classes and they cash in to either get dress-down days or homework passes. If they save their points, they may be able to get a pizza and be able to have lunch with a friend. They also get to choose to sit wherever they want to. We have a lot of different incentives that each grade level has in order to support that. JD: Alright. So is PBIS a district thing or just something that you and the school have spearheaded? MC: Well, there (was) a cohort of schools that started the first year. We were the only middle school, and then there were I think four elementary schools. From my understanding, it will become a district-wide initiative with other schools coming on-board this year as well. JD: OK. Is there any sort of timeline for that happening? MC: I'm not sure of the timeline. I just know that when you are a PBIS school, it helps to increase your Climate Star Rating, which is given to us by the state. I'm sure you're quite familiar with those surveys that you guys take every year that's about 50 to 70 questions. They use that information alongside school discipline data to rate schools and to give a school climate rating. Being a PBIS school helps to increase your ratings.

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

Incorrect Example Transcription: So please say your name, how to spell your name and your grade Aaron Attipoe all right aaron why did you decide to join the robotics club? well back when i was at coil at a robotics club, but it wasn't as advaced as the one here. theeres like certain levels of it that are run. and the one in middle school i was in it was, it was pretty fun so i decided to join when I went to high school was it like, the have been a robotics club ofr multiple years i mean i feel like im learning a lot you got to go to competitions we went to state last year you know, just, i mean, some people, i've made some friends and like i was, so it's pretty fun what does robotics club mean to you? i mean, it's like my passsion is like what i wasnt to do on to be an enginer when i grow up, so i feel like it's helping me reach my goals. and it's also one of my interests so i feel like this is something that my life would be a little bit worse without it. walk me through, like, what y'all do what y'all have accomplished in robotics club? and what what should our readers know about robot scott? well,

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

school death policy: Any active member of the Clarke Central High School community who dies will be recognized in the following issue of the magazine in 300-word obituary with a social media post to complement; if the death occurs outside of publishing cycles, the obituary will be published online. The obituary will either be written by someone close to the deceased or the staff as a whole as in the case of an “Our Take”. It should include pertinent information, including, but not limited to a brief biography with accomplishments, reference to surviving family members and funeral arrangements. Along with the obituary, there will be a school photo of the deceased or a photo from the ODYSSEY Media Group’s archives. Members of the OMG will treat all deaths in a tasteful, respectful way. Cause of death should not be listed. An invitation to the CCHS community to share memories of the deceased via a blog will be offered via social media and/or email.

source attribution policy: “Journalists should never take information off the record without the approval of a supervisor and an understanding of the news outlet’s policy.” -SPJ Ethics Committee papers: Anonymous sourcing. On the occasion a source requests that their identity be kept confidential in published material we must be reluctant to grant their wish. When we use anonymous sources we are asking for another level of reader trust. We must be certain that the benefit to readers is worth the cost in credibility. As such, staffers are not to use a quote or information from a source who requests anonymity, unless it is deemed vital for the story by the Editor-in-Chief and Adviser. Otherwise, the information is deemed unreliable. As a high school publication, in cases where bullying, harassment or safety concerns pose a threat to a source, Mr. Ragsdale must be alerted as a mandatory reporter. When dealing with a sensitive or controversial subject or interview, a source may request to go off-the-record. If this occurs, you must pause the recording and respect what the source is saying. Make sure that you and the source indicate when you go back on-the-record. You are not al-

lowed to directly quote anything a source says off the record.

deadline policy: There are separate deadlines for assignments including pitches, beats, menus and cycle stories (which have rough, middle and final drafts). Deadlines are set in advance and published for reference. Deadlines allow this and all media outlets to produce content seamlessly for publication. Missing work will negatively impact your grade as an M will be placed into the gradebook. In instances in which OMG protocols are not properly followed, Mr. Ragsdale, the Cabinet and Section Editor, if applicable, will host a coaching session with a staffer not in compliance. If a pattern of missed work occurs, reference the staff contract for additional actions.

representation policy: The ODYSSEY Media Group strives to accurately represent and depict the members of the Clarke Central High School community through our various media platforms. Staffers must be particularly mindful when writing pieces that deal with sensitive issues such as race, gender and sexuality. As with any other piece, all sides of the story should be told and presented in a balanced manner. Staffers must be aware of the gender and racial/ethnic identity of their sources and, with the guidance of the Section Editor and Editor-in-Chief, determine if mentioning the cultural identity of their source in the title is necessary to ensure stronger credibility.

use of profanity policy: The use of profanity is not permitted in the ODYSSEY classroom, journalistic writing or in classroom assignments. Using profanity is not professional and does not abide by ODYSSEY standard.

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

prior review policy:

The ODYSSEY Media Group seeks to maintain courteous professional relationships with sources and community members. Staffers are expected to treat sources with respect. If a source asks to see an article before publication, the writer will meet with the Editor-in-Chief, Section Editor and Lead Copy Editor to assess the validity of their request. Editors will then vet the request with Mr. Ragsdale. The OMG does not allow sources to censor articles or retract on-record statements unless an issue of accuracy is to be addressed. At no time should an OMG reporter feel pressured or intimidated by a source in regard to on-record statements. If this occurs, immediately contact Mr. Ragsdale. In instances in which OMG protocols are not properly followed, Mr. Ragsdale, the Cabinet and Section Editor, if applicable, will host a coaching session with a staffer not in compliance.

retraction policy:

The ODYSSEY Media Group strives to provide accurate, fair and unbiased news for the CCHS community. All published information should be double-checked for accuracy before publication, which includes but is not limited to verifying spellings of names, verifications of dates, locations and claims made by sources. It is vitally important for OMG personnel to make every effort to ensure accuracy, fairness and balance. However, if incorrect information is published or an error is made in the magazine, the error will be acknowledged and corrected at the beginning of the next issue in the Corrections and Omissions section. On the website, minor errors (grammatical/stylistic) will be edited and corrected in real time. Significant online errors will be disclosed and amended in the online Corrections and Omissions page. Larger errors (misquotes, inaccurate statements, false light) will be dealt with on a case-by-case basis and the ODYSSEY will publicly address the situation. When our reporting is factually correct but our language is misleading or unclear, the language will be rewritten and it will be logged in the Corrections and Omissions section. A clarification will be used to note that we initially failed to provide full context or to address the error in context. 24

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

Press pass policy:

The ODYSSEY Media Group press pass can be used to leave class or campus to conduct OMG business during school hours, advertising runs and interviews. The press pass is used only to conduct ODYSSEY business. In instances in which OMG protocols are not properly followed, Mr. Ragsdale, the appropriate Cabinet Member and Section Editor, if applicable, will host a coaching session with a staffer not in compliance.

Byline policy:

All articles, graphics, photos, art, columns, pages, reviews and other material creatively conceived, with exception to staff editorials, mug shots and cut-outs will be bylined with the content creators name. All bylined creators will be held accountable for their work. When more than one person has contributed creatively to a piece of work, any person who has contributed to the work must be bylined as a producer. When a collaborator/editor contributes 20% of rewrites, they must be bylined as a co-creator.

technology policy:

Students are not permitted to use their cell phones unless conducting ODYSSEY business such as using a recording app, checking social media or other acceptable behavior. In addition to this, the ODYSSEY classroom contains a computer lab that is open to students before school, during class time and during after school work sessions. It is recommended that students utilize these resources if they are having technical difficulties or accessing a website used to conduct ODYSSEY business. The ODYSSEY Media Group also has a variety of technological equipment that is available for certain use such as podcast and video equipment. To access these resources, students should express their interest in creating a story with them to their Section Editor and discuss plans for using these resources with Mr. Ragsdale. Students will have to abide by strict rules involving the technology and make sure that they are taking care of the equipment.

LEGAL ADVICE What is libel? Libel is any published communication that falsely harms a person’s reputation. There are four elements, all of which must be proven in court: 1. Publication. Plaintiff must prove the statement was communicated to someone other than the person it was about. 2. Identification. If the statement in question doesn’t mention the person’s name, the plaintiff must prove that people who read it believed the plaintiff was the one identified. 3. Harm or defamation. Plaintiff must prove the statement harmed their reputation in the eyes of the community. 4. Fault. Plaintiff must prove that fault has occurred either because of negligence (failure to exercise ordinary care) or actual malice (knowledge of falsity or reckless disregard for the truth).

How can I avoid libel? • • • •

• • • •

•

Confirm and verify all defamatory material. Make sure the questionable material can be proven true. Be especially careful of arrest reports, damage suits and criminal court proceedings. Watch out for charges, assertions and claims – it doesn’t matter whether we’re saying it or we’re quoting someone else directly. If we print it, we’re responsible for it. Libel can be found not only in news stories, but in letters to the editor, cartoons and ads. Again, if we print it, we’re responsible for it. Words such as alleged and reported do not serve as protection from libel. Be careful of unofficial statements made by police or court officials outside the courtroom. Truth is a defense. Good intentions are not. Regardless of how you intended something to be perceived, the courts will look at how it was perceived. Running a correction (legally, a retraction) is not a defense, but doing so can reduce punitive dam-

•

ages if you’re sued for libel and lose. Under the “fair comment rule,” a student is free to express an opinion on matters of public interest. The material should be labeled, for example, as an editorial, commentary, column, review or the like.

How can I use copywrited material? 1. Consent: getting written permission from the copyright holder. When in doubt, do this. 2. Fair use: the Copyright Act gives four facts to determine what can be used without the copyright holder’s permission. The purpose: Are you making a profit off the material you’re using? If so, you’ll be held to closer scrutiny.

The best way to protect yourself against invasion of privacy laws is to obtain consent from your subject. The nature of the copyrighted work. Some works are closer than others to the core of what the law was intended to protect. A unique work of fiction, for example, will receive greater protection than a news story covered by many reporters. 10% of the total work has been the general rule for what is acceptable, but remember to attribute it. The effect of the use on the potential market for the copyright holder. Did your use of the material make it harder for them to sell the original? If so, it probably was not fair use.

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

What is obscenity? Under the Supreme Court’s 1973 Miller v. California decision, a three-part test must be applied to determine whether material is obscene. 1. Whether “a reasonable person applying contemporary community standards” would find that work, taken as a whole, appeals to a lustful interest. 2. Whether the work depicts or describes, in a patently offensive way, sexual conduct specifically defined as obscene by the applicable state law. 3. Whether the work, taken as a whole, lacks serious literary, artistic, political or scientific values.

What about indecency? While it is technically not illegal, there are still some things to consider concerning indecency: • When dealing with vulgar language, decide if its use is necessary in order to convey the message of the story or if it will divert attention from the story’s primary focus. Make sure the author isn’t using certain words just for shock value without journalistic justification. Determine if there is less offensive language that would communicate the same thing. • It is not illegal to publish nudity in photos or drawings (unless the photo would be deemed obscene; see above). However, in the context of a high school publication, the OMG will not publish obscene or indecent content.

2. False light. You have portrayed, in words or pictures, a person as something that they are not.\ 3. Intrusion. This deals with how the information is gathered – through trespassing or misrepresentation of oneself to gain access to a place or person. A reporter doing this can be sued even if the story is never published. 4. Misappropriation. Unauthorized use of a person’s name, photo, likeness, voice or endorsement to promote the sale of a commercial product or service.

How can I avoid invasion of privacy? The best way to protect yourself against invasion of privacy laws is to obtain consent from your subject. If you intend to rely on that consent as defense in a privacy claim, get it in writing from the subject. It is always a good idea to include parents in particularly sensitive stories - when in doubt, secure parental permission.

Despite what they might think, public school officials do not have an unlimited license to censor high school student media.

What is invasion of privacy?

The nine areas of unprotected speech are:

Privacy is an individual’s right to be left alone. A person can claim invasion of privacy based on any of these four violations: 1. Public disclosure of private or embarrassing facts. This is subject to a three-part test. The material must have been

1. Invasion of privacy 2. False advertising 3. Fighting words 4. Copyright violation 5. Disruption to the school day 6. Obscenity 7. Defamation 8. Expression likely to incite unlawful action 9. Threats to national security

•

• •

Sufficiently private – known only to a small circle of family or friends. *Note: if something appears in court records or is said in open court testimony, it is not considered private anymore. Sufficiently intimate – personal habits, details or history that the person doesn’t ordinarily reveal. Highly offensive – the information must be such that it would humiliate or seriously offend the average person. ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

The best way to protect yourself against invasion of privacy laws is to obtain consent from your subject.

Freedom of Information Act The U.S. Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) is a law ensuring public access to U.S. government records. FOIA carries a presumption of disclosure; the burden is on the government - not the public - to substantiate why information may not be released. Upon written request, agencies of the United States government are required to disclose those records, unless they can be lawfully withheld from disclosure under one of nine specific exemptions in the FOIA. This right of access is ultimately enforceable in federal court.

Tips from the SPLC 1. Yes, you can legally print the names of minors as long as your information is accurate, newsworthy and lawfully obtained. 2. No, giving a copyright owner credit (for example, “Courtesy of Newsweek) is no substitute for actually getting the copyright owner’s permission to use the material. 3. Including the phrase “In my opinion” (for example, “In my opinion the principal illegally used school buses for a family vacation”) does not create an automatic shield to libel. Neither does simply reprinting what someone else has said. (For example, “The principal used school buses for a family vacation," said John Doe.) 4. Nothing in the law requires schools to prohibit the publication of student names or photos in student-edited media on the Internet. Indeed such a rule, when applied to online student media, can easily result in the inaccurate identification of individuals, which is not just bad journalism, but, legally, quite risky.

6. Material that does not have a copyright notice on it (for example, Copyright © 2006 Student Press Law Center) is often still protected by copyright law. 7. You are almost always legally safe shooting and publishing photos taken in a public setting. 8. Journalists do not have a special license to violate the law, even when investigating important news stories. For example, underage reporters that participate in a “sting” operation to see if local stores sell alcohol/ cigarettes to minors or photographers who trespass on private property to take a photo run the risk of being prosecuted for breaking the law. 9. Students are legally responsible for everything they publish. Being a minor is not an automatic shield from liability. 10. Public school officials cannot ban in-school distribution of all underground or independent student publications. Such publications are entitled to significant First Amendment protection. 11. Material on the Internet is not free for the taking. The same copyright rules that protect printed material also protect images, graphics, sounds and text published online. 12. There is no church/state conflict when students alone create and make the decision to publish stories about religious activities or beliefs in the student media.

5. Despite what they might think, public school officials do not have an unlimited license to censor high school student media. The First Amendment still offers all students some - and in many cases, a great deal of - legal protection.

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

ODYSSEY AND AP STYLE Acronyms/Initialisms • All acronyms must be spelled out for first reference. Ex. The first time our school is mentioned in a story, spell out the entire title, “Clarke Central High School.” For the rest of the story, simply write “CCHS.” Another example is referring to AP classes as “Advanced Placement” upon first reference, but using “AP” for the rest of the story. • Unless it’s not obvious what school you are talking about, once introduced, you don’t need to continue using CCHS (i.e., if you’re writing about the football team, you don’t need to keep writing CCHS football team.) • In headlines and decks, only the abbreviations CCHS and CCSD may be used to increase readability.

Departments

Neither the subject nor the word “department” is capitalized, unless the subject is English, French, Latin or Spanish. However, you do not capitalize “foreign language department”. - English department - foreign language department - math department - science department - social studies department - counseling department - fine arts department - special education department - JROTC department (Always use initialism when referencing JROTC because it is commonly known) - physical education department - Career Technical and Agricultural Education department (CTAE) - English to Speakers of Other Languages department (ESOL) - Capitalize Advanced Placement classes • Place a teacher’s department in front of their name as their title. Example: “OK, I have an awesome story to tell you guys," social studies department teacher Drew Wheeler said. 28

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

Address Clarke Central High School 350 S. Milledge Ave. Athens, GA 30605

Enrollment is 1880, always.

**For any other title or name in question relative to the Clarke County School District, visit the CCSD website. This also includes a link to pages for CCHS where you can find the spellings of teacher names and other programs.**

ODYSSEY • When referring to the Media Group as a whole, always write it as “the ODYSSEY Media Group.” • When referring to only the magazine, always write it as “the ODYSSEY Newsmagazine”. • When referring to only the website, always write it as ODYSSEY Online. • ODYSSEY is in the font Harriet Display in all caps. • The iliad Literary-Art Magazine is the sister publication of the ODYSSEY and is under the umbrella of the OMG. The club and magazine should always be lowercase and written in italics.

FORMAL TITLES

Formal titles should always be used in articles. When a new person is introduced, it is imperative that they have a title written by their name to identify who they are. Otherwise, they have no credibility and their purpose in the article is vague. If you are unsure about a title of a Clarke County School District stakeholder prior to securing an interview, check the CCSD website. As shown in OMG interviewing presentations, reporters must clarify titles after confirming spelling of source names at the beginning of any interview.

Capitalization • Capitalize formal titles. Formal titles generally denote authority, professional or academic activity. Ex. President Joe Biden, Principal Dr. Swade Huff, Superintendent Dr. Robbie P. Hooker, former Director of Bands Robert Lawrence. • Titles are not capitalized when they are not used with an individual’s name. Ex. The principal did all she could to prevent the new dress code from being passed. • Do not capitalize informal titles. Informal titles are generally occupational descriptions. Example: government official Duke Peabody • Media Center is capitalized • ODYSSEY Style will capitalize Civil Rights Movement even though it is not formally capitalized in AP Style • Miller W. Jordan Memorial Food Court is the formal name of the cafeteria • E.B. Mell Lobby and Auditorium are the formal names of the lobby and performing space • James M. Crawford Memorial Arena • Class capitalization: Names of specific classes are capitalized, Advanced Physics, Environmental Science, Accelerated Geometry, Advanced Composition, JROTC IV; when sources or writers are referring to a generic class, lowercase should be applied, e.g., literature classes, math classes, gym classes, etc.

referring to race Use Black when referring to something that applies to the general race of people, to ensure inclusivity, and African American when specifically referring to someone of direct African descent in America. If the person was born in another country, is of Black race and now lives in America, ask what they identify as. The use of Black is a recognition and acknowledgment not only of the cultural bonds and historical experiences shared by people of African heritage, but also the shared struggles of the descendants of enslaved people, families who immigrated generations ago and more recent immigrants from Africa, the Caribbean and other corners of the world. In addition to the use of the uppercase B for Black, post coverage recognizes there are individuals who prefer not to confine themselves to identity based solely on the color of their skin. Just as the U.S. Census asks individuals to categorize themselves by race, ethnicity and nationality, in our journalism, people will have the opportunity to identify as Black, African American and biracial, or something more ethnically specific, such as Afro-Latino, Ethiopian American or other national identifiers, a reflection of the many cultures and backgrounds that constitute this vast community. ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

Structure • Titles should be placed before the person’s name. Example: “It really doesn’t matter what she says here,” Principal Marie Yuran said. • If the title is extremely long, list the name and then a comma followed by the title and another comma, followed by the rest of the sentence. Example: “These shows are in many ways constructed and edited,” Horace Newcomb, Director of the George Foster Peabody Awards and professor in the department of Telecommunications at the Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication of Georgia, said.

Specifics CCHS administrators are written as Principal Dr. Swade Huff, Associate Principal Dr. Summer Smith, Associate Principal Dr. Cindi Lowe, Assistant Principal Everett Nealy and Assistant Principal Tamika Henson. Students outside of the ODYSSEY Media Group are always referred to with their grade level, along with whatever makes them relevant to the story. If they poses a specific title put the title before the grade. Example: “I like theater,” Drama Club president Bobby Smith, a senior, said. Except: when titling a student athlete... • Ex: "Varsity basketball point guard Cameron Stokes, a senior, boxed out …” • Freshman, sophomore, junior and senior are only capitalized at the beginning of sentences. Otherwise, they are lowercase. • For congressmen, never fully write their title. Write... • “Sen.” or “Rep.” Then, say their party (and county if they are a state congressman.) • Ex: “Georgia state Sen. Frank Ginn, R - Danielsville.” • Ex: If national, “U.S. Rep. John Lewis, D - Ga.” • When titling a CCHS alumnus (someone who identifies as male): Clarke Central High School (or CCHS) Class of (insert year here) alumnus (name) Example: Clarke Central High School Class of 2004 alumnus Bill Louder was honored. • Alumnus - one person who identifies as male • Alumna - one person who identifies as female • Alum - one person who identifies as gender neutral • Alumni - multiple people who identify as male or mixed gender • Alumnae - multiple people who identify as female • Alums - multiple gender neutral people • For military titles and other specific titles, refer to the AP Stylebook. 30

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

QUOTES When quoting people interviewed in articles: When quoting people interviewed in articles: • If a source has not yet been introduced, write the title of the person, their full name and “said.” (TITLE PERSON SAID) Example: “Cats are better than dogs,” ODYSSEY Media Group Variety Editor Isabella Westrich, a senior, said. • If a source has already been introduced, they are referred to only by their last name. Never “he or “she.” Example: “I like cats because they are cute and fun to play with,” Westrich said.

What to do with long quotes: When a quote is long (more than 30 words), you can break it up by placing the source attribution in the middle of the block - include the break between sentences, not phrases, thoughts or ideas. Example: “To say that all of the Department of Homeland Security is incompetent because Federal Emergency Management Agency didn’t handle the Katrina response as well as we would have liked to is not fair and doesn’t do the country service,” Lee said. “There are also people who don’t like this particular administration and distrust anything that it wants to do.”

When a source's quote isn't clear... • If someone is referring to something using a pronoun and it is unclear in the text what they are referring to, replace the pronoun with the thing in parentheses. Example: “He is an extremely hard worker,” Branch said. BECOMES “(Henderson) is an extremely hard worker,” Branch said. • If someone uses an acronym when referring to something not yet mentioned in the story, replace the acronym with its full spelling in parentheses. Example: “I love being an ESOL teacher,” Smith said. BECOMES “I love being an (English to Speakers of Other Languages) teacher,” Smith said. • If they speak using contractions, slang or informal language, LEAVE THEM. They said it.

Double check the spelling of every name you quote. It is embarrassing to misspell someone's name and the person with the misspelled name will not be happy.

Example: "Look ‘em in they eye," Pavlic said. ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

PUNCTUATION Apostrophe ( ’ ) • Used in place of omitted letters or in conjunctions to signify possession. • The only section allowed to use contractions is Viewpoints. In any other section, spell the two words out. • For words ending in “s,” no additional “s” is needed after the apostrophe, e.g. news' relevance not news's relevance. • When referring to something that belongs to the school, use CCHS’.

Colon ( : ) • The most frequent use of a colon is at the end of a sentence to introduce lists. • The first word after the colon is capitalized only if it begins a complete sentence or the first word is a proper noun. • Try to avoid using colons in an article. • Dramatic emphasis: The colon often can be effective in giving emphasis. Ex: McCage had only one hobby: petting her cats.

Semicolon ( ; ) • In general, use the semicolon to indicate a greater separation of thought and information than a comma can convey, but less than the separation that a period implies. Avoid usage. Ex: Harwell wanted to cover a CCSD Board of Education meeting; she didn't want to study for her AP exam.

To clarify a series: • Use semicolons to separate elements of a series when the items in the series are long or when individual segments contain material that also must be set off by commas. Ex. He is survived by a son, John Smith, of Chicago; three daughters, Jane Smith, of Wichita, Kansas, Mary Smith of Denver, Colorado and Susan, of Boston, Massachussets; and a sister, Martha, of Omaha, Nebraska. • Note that the semicolon is used before the final “and” in such a series.

To link independent clauses: • Use a semicolon when a coordinating conjunction, such as ‘and,’ ‘but’ or ‘for’ is not present. Ex. Aza Khan's plane was scheduled to arrive yesterday; she arrived today. • If a coordinating conjunction is present, use a semicolon before it only if extensive punctuation also is required in one or more of the individual clauses. Ex. They pulled their boats from the water, sandbagged the retaining walls and boarded up the windows; but even with these precautions, the island was hard hit by the hurricane. • Unless a particular literary effect is desired, however, the better approach in these circumstances is to break the independent clauses into separate sentences.

Placement with quotes:

• Place semicolons outside quotations. 32

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

COMMA RULES In a series:

• Use commas to separate elements in a series, but DO NOT put a comma before the conjunction in a simple series. David Ragsdale wears red, pink and green pants (‘and’ is the conjunction, so no comma is necessary). • Use a comma also before the concluding conjunction in a complex series of phrases. The main points to consider are whether the athletes are skillful enough to compete, whether they have the stamina to endure the training and whether they have the proper mental attitude. NO OXFORD COMMAS!!!

With equal adjectives: • Use commas to separate a series of adjectives. • If the commas could be replaced by the word and without changing the sense, the adjectives are equal. Ex. a thoughtful, precise manner; a dark, dangerous street • Use no comma when the last adjective before a noun outranks its predecessors because it is an integral element of a noun phrase, which is the equivalent of a single noun. Ex. a cheap fur coat (the noun phrase is fur coat); the old oak bucket; a new, blue spring bonnet.

With introductory clauses and phrases: • A comma is used to separate an introductory clause or phrase from the main clause. Ex. When Johanna entered the lab, she decided to play Dirty South trap music. • Use the comma if its omission would slow comprehension. Ex. In Room 231, the curious staffers gathered.

With conjunctions: • When a conjunction such as “and”, “but” or “for” links two clauses that could stand alone as separate sentences, use a comma before the conjunction. Ex. Emma was glad she had made an A on her final, for the end of the semester was only days away. • As a rule of thumb, use a comma if the subject of each clause is expressly stated. Ex. We are visiting Spain, and we are also planning a side trip to Madrid. We visited Barcelona, where our guide greeted us. • However, don't use a comma when the subject of the two clauses is the same and is not repeated in the second. Ex. We are visiting Burgos and plan to see the statue of El Cid. • Do not use a comma at the start of an indirect or partial quotation. Ex. The class said that the trip “opened their eyes to the world of Spanish culture.”

Before attribution: • Use a comma instead of a period at the end of a quote that is followed by attribution. Ex: “SIPA was super fun,” St. Onge said. • If the quoted statement ends with a question mark or exclamation point, replace the comma with the correct punctuation. Ex: “Why are you putting me in the handbook?” Meyer said. ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

COMMA RULES

WITH HOMETOWNS, ages, PARTY AFFILIATION, ACADEMIC DEGREES and RELIGIOUS AFFILIATIONS: Use a comma to set off an individual’s hometown when it is placed in apposition to a name (whether it is used or not). David Ragsdale, Panama City Beach, Florida, and Maya Clement, Athens, were there. If an individual’s age is used, set it off by commas. Anna Shaikun, 16, was present. Party affiliation: Ex: Junior John Doe, democrat, believes national change is necessary. Academic degrees: Ex: University of Georgia professor Dr. Scott Nesbit, PhD in history from the University of Virginia, spoke at the conference. Religious affiliation: Ex: Jane Doe, Catholic, attended the religious gathering.

NAMES OF STATES AND NATIONS WITH CITY NAMES: Isabella Westrich's journey will take her from Krk, Croatia, to Madison, Wisconsin and back. *We do not use Georgia in conjunction with Athens or Atlanta because it is assumed that our readership is local.* Only abbreviate state names when writing a politician's title and in a caption. See AP Style.

SEPARATING SIMILAR WORDS: Use a comma to separate duplicated words that otherwise would be confusing. Ex: It has been an incredible, awesome day. Use a comma for most figures greater than 999. The major exceptions are street addresses (1234 Broad St.), broadcast frequencies (1460 kilohertz), room numbers, serial numbers, telephone numbers and years (1991).

HYPHENS: Hyphens are used to join compound words. They are used in prefixes, suffixes and numbers. Ex: The five-year-old child cried.

DASHES: There are two types of dashes, an em dash and an en dash. Em dashes: Used to replace punctuation and create a break in a sentence. Ex: Sally was mad -- angry, really -- but she couldn't show it. En dashes: Indicates time or range Ex: They lived in Athens from 2007-2018. 34

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

• Always use the dollar symbol when writing out amounts of money. Use decimals for change. ($11.43) • Use the percent symbol (%) when in conjunction with a number.

NUMBERS AND TIME Numbers • Numbers smaller than 10 are spelled out (one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine). • Numbers 10 and larger are simply written as numerals (10, 11, 12, etc.). • However, if a number is at the beginning of a sentence, then it is ALWAYS spelled out.

Age • Figures are always used for people and animals. Ex. Maya Clement is 17 years old. Molly Harwell was 3 years old in 2009. (This is an exception to the numbers <10 being spelled out.) • However, for inanimates, numbers <10 are spelled out. Ex. The law is eight years old. • Hyphens are used for ages if the age functions as an adjective before a noun or functions as a noun. Ex. I am taller than my 15-year-old brother. Ex. Along with the typical insecurities of most 13-year-olds, I grew to hate my height. • Do not hyphenate the phrase if it is used without a noun. Ex. She was 13 years old at the time.

Dates • Always capitalize months. • Spell the months out when they are used alone or only in conjunction with a year. Ex. He was born in December 1945 and died recently in January. • Abbreviate the months when used with a specific date. Only Jan., Feb., Aug., Sept., Oct., Nov. and Dec. are abbreviated. March, April, May, June and July are spelled out. Tip: If the month is more than five letters, it is abbreviated. • Only include the year if the event happened outside of the planned publishing year. Ex. The Student Government Association set up the annual event, which took place on Oct. 13.

Dimensions

Times

• Use numerical figures • Spell out the dimensions (inches, feet, yards, etc.) • Only use hyphens when the dimension is functioning as an adjective before a noun • Only use apostrophes to indicate inches in very technical contexts

• Use numerical figures except for “noon” and “midnight.” • Use a colon to separate hours from minutes. • Distinguish between morning and afternoon by using “a.m.” and “p.m.” • The use of “o'clock” is acceptable, but not preferred.

Ex. “At 6 feet even, I am not your average girl.” Ex. “I entered CCHS a scared freshman, knowing that I would stand out in comparison to my 5-foot2-inch friends.”

Ex: The event took place from 3:45 p.m. to 5 p.m.

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

COPY EDITING TIPS

Capitalization Proper nouns:

• Capitalize nouns that constitute the unique identification for a specific person, place or thing. Ex: Georgia, Clarke Central High School, John, Mary • Some common nouns receive proper noun status when they are used as the name of a particular entity. Ex: Jittery Joes, Taco Stand

Proper names: • Capitalize common nouns such as party, river, street and west when they are an integral part of the full name for a person, place or thing. Ex: Democratic Party, Oconee River, Broad Street, West Side. • Lowercase these common nouns when they stand alone in subsequent references. Ex: the party, the river, the street, to the west • Lowercase the common noun elements of names in all plural uses. Ex: the Democratic and Republican parties, Broad and Baxter streets, lakes Lanier and Hartwell

OK OK is always “OK,” never “O.K.,” “ok,” or “o.k.”

Days of the week Do not abbreviate. Capitalize.

Everyday vs. every day • “Everyday” is written as one word only when functioning as an adjective. Ex. Everyday troubles prevented her from doing other things. (“Everyday” is describing “troubles.”) • “Every day” is used for all other times and is always two words. Ex. “I would go to the field every day.”

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

Seasons Lowercase all seasons unless they are part of a formal title.

BASIC WRITING TIPS Overview: This section will give you basic knowledge on the ODYSSEY Media Group writing process and ways to better organize your writing. It will also help you better understand the idea of pitches, angles, the interviewing process and the 5Ws and H. It will discuss the importance of gathering information about your topic and ways to help implement that when interviewing and writing interview questions. You will be expected to understand and implement everything you learn while on the ODYSSEY Media Group staff.

Conducting research: Gathering facts is vital when starting any story and involves researching your topic in terms of the 5Ws and H. You should start conducting research as soon as you get your story assignment and it is a good way to gather a better understanding of what sources are necessary for your story. You should do this before conducting interviews as you can ask more educated questions and start out with a better understanding of your topic. Keep in mind that you should use different sources to ensure your information is accurate. Make sure to use a mix of internet research, personal accounts, library resources and other relevant resources such as documents and books.

Steps of journalistic writing: 1. Brainstorm 2. Pitches 3. Arrange interviews and research more information on topic 4. Interview 5. Transcribe interviews thoroughly/with fidelity 6. Write rough draft 7. Section editors edit RDs after submission 8. Write middle draft based on feedback 9. LCE and ME edit middle drafts 10. Make edits after conference with LCE/ME 11. EIC edits all final drafts 12. Finalize draft 13. Final copy edits

Checklist for choosing an article: • Does the issue relate to campus, regional or national news issues? • Are there stakeholders who can be interviewed on the issue? • Are there people in the CCHS or Athens community that are involved or affected by an issue? • Will the issue still be timely and relevant at the time the newsmagazine is published? • Are there illustrations or visuals that can be included to create a strong story?

• Will the article be informative and educational for our community? Is it “fluff?” • Why do you want to tell this story? • News values must be prevalent in each story. These include: relevance, proximity, prominence, consequence, conflict, timeliness and human interest.

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

Brainstorms

Brainstorms are conducted as a group at the beginning of each cycle. These ideas can cover all aspects of the magazine and do not have to be fully articulated. With this being said, brainstorms should give enough detail that the idea of the story is accurately conveyed. Students are recommended to discuss and brainstorm ideas with their staff and the entire class. Brainstorms should be realistic and fit to the amount of time available to complete the story.

WHO

Pitches

Pitches are fully articulated brainstorms. They are important for organizing information about a potential writing topic and allow you to get a grasp of where your writing is headed. You must complete two pitches each cycle. When writing a pitch, you are to address the who, what, when, where, why, how, stakeholders, visuals and cross-platform elements. Pitches will be submitted to the Cabinet to be vetted and staffers will receive story assignments. Here is the format that your pitches should look like:

WHO are going to be those that are involved? Who was the leader? Who was the first to act? Who was responsible? Who was affected? Who was helped most? Who was harmed most? Who would this interest?

WHAT

WHAT is the story about? What happened? What is the purpose? What will the result be?

WHEN

WHEN is this happening? This can depend if the story is time sensitive or you are unsure about the time of events. If you’re unsure, ask a source. Magazine stories should be timeless.

WHERE

WHERE is all about location. For the most part, stories are going to take place at CCHS, but if they aren’t, location is very important. How does setting mold the story? What level: national, state, local?

WHY

WHY is this important? Why should you write about this? Why is relevant? Why does the public need to be informed? Why did the sequence of event occur? Why did the event happen?

HOW

HOW did it happen? How can the issue be resolved? How did this affect you (blog)? How did it affect others?

VISUALS

Visuals are important to give the Visuals Team an idea of the kinds of photos to take or illustrations to create. Graphs and charts are also important elements to stories, so keep in mind what you are going to need to help get your story across.

STAKEHOLDERS

Stakeholders are those people whose voices you need. These can be vague in the sense that you just need a student voice or these can be specific people whose voices are critical to your story. Be as specific as possible.

CROSSPLATFORM

Cross-platform is how you plan to make this story viable for both print and web, whether this be shorter versions, multimedia elements or making a spread in InDesign.

ANGLE

Angle is the most important part of your story. The angle is basically what the story is going to focus on. For example, if you are writing about construction in the school building an angle might be: how is the construction affecting students’ learning? You are taking a big picture idea and tailoring it to a specific cause or effect.

If you submit a thorough and strong pitch, it will be considered. You are not guranteed to be assigned a story that you pitch. Every cycle, the Cabinet and Mr. Ragsdale have other important stories in mind that must be assigned.

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

ADVANCED STORY WRITING TIPS Writing style factors:

Reader appeal factors:

• Use descriptive words that show, don’t tell • Be direct and to the point • Utilize snappy ledes • Have a logical and effective organization • Has feeling, voice • Use humor when appropriate • Avoid creative or flowery descriptions • Beware of adverbs • Use logical/emotional appeal • Active voice • Try different angles to make mature issues accessible • Avoid clichés – explain using your own voice

Organization

• Is the topic relatable?

• Does the topic display at least two news values? • Does the writing accurately represent the events in real life? • Does the story have a unique or thought-provoking angle?

Read your entire draft aloud. Self-edit as you go and make sure the story flows. If a transition or paragraph doesn’t sound right, rewrite it.

• Before you begin writing, organize your quotes into broad categories. Tip: If you’re writing a profile on head football coach David Perno, you might organize your quotes into categories such as “childhood,” “beginning to coach,” “challenges he has faced” and “student reactions.” • Outline your story before writing. • Tell a story. Your article should generally flow in the order you would tell the story verbally. Inverted pyramid stories or chronological stories are the most common sense approach. • Explain to yourself why each paragraph falls naturally in the order it does. If you can’t think of a reason, you probably need to reorganize.

example OUTLINE Lede: Introduce the new Superintendent and why he is the new Superintendent Nutgraph: Give more background information about his previous positions and accomplishments Quote: From press release about the new Superintendent's skills and experience that will contribute to the position Transition: Go further in on the new Superintendent's accomplishments and previous work in the district Quote: Reaction quote from someone who previously worked with the new Superintendent Transition: Concluding, brings all of the ideas together and sets up the quote Quote: Kicker quote; from the new Superintendent from the press release; about how he feels and the work he hopes to do in the future ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

WRITING LEDES THE PURPOSE OF A LEDE: • To grab the reader's attention. • The most important part of an article. • If the lede isn't good, you risk losing the reader.

Basic ledes: • Includes the 5W's and 1H • When writing ledes, always give the "what" and then any of the additional four W's and H.

HARD NEWS V. SOFT NEWS LEDES

Avoid cliches and stereotypes when writing ledes! Don't generalize or use stereotypes and avoid overused phrases. Example: It was a dark and stormy night...

Hard-news Ledes Summary Lede: Should answer several, but not all, of the basic questions: who, what, when, where, and why, plus how and so what. Updated ledes: This stresses breaking-news as if the readers are hearing the news for the first time. Impact ledes: Explains how the reader and viewers will be affected by an issue.

Soft ledes Descriptive ledes: Describes the person, place or event. It doesn’t have to focus on a person who is one of many. Anecdotal ledes: Starts with a story about a person or event. Narrative ledes: Tells a story with enough dramatic action so readers can feel as if they are witnessing the event. Includes dialogue, scene setting and foreshadowing—giving the reader clues on what will happen.

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

INTERVIEWING TIPS

With the exception of critical reviews and some blogs, OMG articles require some sort of interview. How do you conduct a successful interview? Keep these tips in mind as you prepare for such assignments.

Tips for brainstorming interview Concepts: 1. Start with the basics -- Ask the person for the spelling and pronunciation of their name, as well as their pronouns. What is the person’s title and what does that job entail? What makes them qualified to speak on this matter? How long have they worked in their field? If it is relevant and important to the story, ask about their race. Even if you’ve done the research, confirm these facts for accuracy. 2. Have a wide variety of questions prepared -- Even if you think you know where you want your story to go, have a wide variety of questions covering several different angles; you might be surprised with the answers you get. 3. Don’t be predictable -- Obviously, you need the basic information, but don’t ask predictable questions. Think of unique angles you could take and formulate questions accordingly. A bland interview will result in a bland article. As they answer your questions, consider follow-ups that might benefit your story. 4. Throw in a couple of hypothetical questions -- These questions should be related to the topic you are covering, but they may evoke the best responses you get in the interview. Also, ask questions you may already know the answer to. Your interviewee may provide a different perspective.

Beating the nerves

Recording

•

• • •

Look over your questions enough so you are comfortable asking them out loud. Rehearse what you’re going to say before you dial the number, make the Zoom/FaceTime/Google Meeting call or meet them in person. Make sure you’re in a quiet place where you won’t be distracted. If you’re using a mobile phone or laptop, make sure it’s charged or that your charger is accessible.

•

Before you start recording, always ask your source if it’s OK to record the interview, especially if it’s over the phone before recording. Dial on a landline/school phone on speaker phone and then use your phone, a computer or a recorder to record the interview.

Phone Interview Traditionally, the OMG prefers in-person interviews. However, with some stakeholders this will not be possible. 1. Condense your questions -- Phone interviews are generally shorter, so you will probably want to narrow your list to the 10 most important questions. 2. Be personable -- It’s harder to convey courtesy over the phone, so be sure you are audibly polite and engaged. Thank your subject before and after the interview. 3. Use speaker phone -- If possible, use a speaker phone so you can record your interview with another device, or use a call recorder app. As always, record your notes by hand for back up. 4. Get his/her address -- At the end of the interview, get the subject’s address and send them a thank you note. ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

Before the interview 1. Contact the person, introduce yourself properly, state the reason for the request and arrange a convenient time (schedule around their convenience, not yours) to meet for the interview. 2. Do some background research on your subject before your interview. 3. Prepare your list of concepts for the interview. 4. Send a reminder to your sources about the interview (time and date, meeting place if it is in-person). 5. Make sure you ask your subject before the interview if you have their permission to record the interview. 6. Make sure you have a pen and paper to take notes with when important ideas were expressed. Take down the minute mark in which this happened in your notes. Additionally, you should be taking notes with fidelity, as technology is not always reliable and recorded interviews can be lost; in these cases, you will need to vet your notes with the appropriate Cabinet Member and Mr. Ragsdale for authenticity and viability.

During the interview 1. Greet your subject cordially. Reintroduce yourself and the nature of your meeting. BE POLITE at all times. Ask to record the interview. 2. Start with the more broad questions and then get more specific as the interview goes on. 3. Allow for some flexibility in the interviewing process. You may ask your subject a question and in the process of their answer, they may answer another one of your questions, so don’t be redundant – skip the other question. Also, if they interject with additional interesting information, take down those notes as the subject feels that what they are adding is important. 4. Remember it is your responsibility to keep the interview focused. 5. Thank the person for his or her time when the interview is concluded and ask if they have anything else that they would like to add before the interview is concluded. 6. Ask the person if you may contact him/her if you have any follow-up questions as you begin to write the story and for their address if you will need to mail their thank you note.

After the interview 1. Transcribe the entire interview word-forword like a script immediately after. 2. Transcriptions should be done slowly and precisely with fidelity. 3. Write them a thank you note. Take these seriously. 4. When your story is published, online or in the magazine, ALWAYS share it with the people you interviewed.

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

MENU ITEMS

Menus are monthly assignments, which can be chosen from a list of fifteen options. Each person on staff must complete a different option each monthy. Menu items are meant to be not only an opportunity for writers to expand their portfolio and try out new styles of writing, but they should also be a challenge. It is expected that Menu items be as engaging and informative as any other story published within the ODYSSEY Media Group. Each option should cover the 5W's and H, have a clear purpose and audience. Unlike Feature story deadlines, only final draft submissions will be accepted for menu items. After submitting their draft, staffers will receive edits to revise, but staffers will not be able to submit edited drafts for additional credit. Completing edits will enhance staffers’ chances of publication. Menu due dates are posted in advance and are standing deadlines.

MENU OPTIONS • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Blog (or vlog) Scenes Review 300 - word story Q&A Hot Topic Photo gallery Broadcast video Editorial/satire Event coverage Profile News story Podcast Breaking news

For more information, the link to the menu presentation can be found here: bit.ly/2023MenuPresentation

MULTIMEDIA

The changing digital media landscape requires a new skill set in multimedia content production. A multimedia story is some combination of text, still photographs, video clips, audio, graphics and interactivity.

The best multimedia stories are:

Timelines:

• •

•

Multi-dimensional and keep readers engaged in the article Visual and help break up text Add different perspective on the content of the article

Questions to ask yourself while making multimedia: • • • • •

What will best convey the story? Is there another perspective that can be shown through multimedia? How can I connect the story to social media? What will make the story more attractive to readers? What will increase the story's accessibility?

•

A quick synopsis of the article and provides more information that may not be in the story. Try and be creative when making a timeline. Other types of multimedia can be embedded within the timeline. Timeline JS, Dipity, read write think and timetoast are all free timeline generators.

Steller:

Steller is a new way of storytelling. It’s more dynamic with video and pictures. The only downside is that it is not fully integrated for the web and is primarily a mobile application.

How to make a Google Map: http://bit.ly/1NqDMSn How to use Storify: http://bit.ly/1JV4vAp How to use SoundCite: http://bit.ly/1ixZas2 How to use Timeline JS: http://bit.ly/1QpmiEb How to make an infographic: http://bit.ly/1QpmhAk

Google Maps: • • •

The reader should be able to place the event or story in relation to a landmark. They are quick and easy to make. Maps are compatible with most articles, but not all.

SoundCite • • • • •

Interviews can be more interesting and can be more interactive than pull-quotes. SoundCite and/or SoundByte can be used on other platforms. Static photos can become interactive. Both platforms are free and easy to use. They are appealing and easy to understand.

Piktochart: • • •

Very customizable Easy to use However, a downside is that it is time consuming

Infographics:

A combination of graphics, pictures, interactive maps, charts, etc. in order to make an interesting and helpful visual.

Canva: • • •

Offers free customizable templates Easy to use No previous experience needed

Infogr.am: • •

The site offers free templates that are sleek and easy to use. No previous experience is needed

ONLINE PRESENCE WordPress The ODYSSEY Media Group's website is hosted through WordPress, a blog and web-hosting content management system (CMS). We are able to publish articles from each issue as well as exclusive and more timely content on the website. The OMG has maintained a web presence since 2007.

Facebook (meta) Facebook creates a fast connection between the OMG and our local community audience, namely the alumni and parents of Clarke Central High School. Through the website, we are able to post news about our staff, publication and school, which will then be shared on Facebook to garner greater readership. In addition, be sure to ask family members to “like” the ODYSSEY on Facebook. As of the writing of this staff manual, there are 2,064 followers on this account.

Twitter In recent years, Twitter has not been utilized to the fullest extent. It is the fastest way for the ODYSSEY staff to disseminate breaking news and updates about our publication and sports scores throughout the ODYSSEY’s audience. In the professional sphere, Twitter is a resource for journalists that, when utilized, can be for ODYSSEY students as well. It is expected that staff members follow the ODYSSEY’s Twitter account (@OdysseyNewsmag and @OdysseySports) and interact with the content posted. As of the writing of this manual, there are 1,129 followers on this account.

Instagram Instagram serves as the ODYSSEY’s primary way of connecting directly with students through images. Images posted are mostly of students in the form of Scenes at Central. It is imperative for staff members to obtain quality photos and Instagram handles from stakeholders when conducting interviews. Other Instagram postings include breaking news teasers accompanied by a photograph, infographics of relevance, short promotional videos, IGTV videos, photos of ODYSSEY staff members interacting, the announcement of major articles published and community event coverage. It is expected that ODYSSEY staff members follow the account and interact with it. As of the writing of this staff manual, there are 2,429 followers on this account.

APPS

These are apps each ODYSSEY member should consider downloading to stay informed with current events, social media and to remain a well-rounded journalist.

Multimedia Apps:

These can be used for easy access to create multimedia for Feature stories, section stories and menus: • • • • •

Steller SoundCloud Canva Adobe Spark Anchor

News Publication Apps:

Staffers should stay up to date with current news. It is also critical to consume news from a variety of sources and perspectives. These accounts/apps can help students stay up to date. Staffers may be quizzed on current events at any time. • • • • • •

New York Times Washington Post Wall Street Journal BBC News ESPN Bleacher Report

Social Media Apps:

Each ODYSSEY staffer is encouraged to have a Facebook, Instagram and Twitter to establish a presence as a journalist within our community and to promote the ODYSSEY Media Group’s publications and posts, as well as engage with content posted on our accounts.

Bit.ly

Other apps: 46

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

Google Docs

Google Drive

SOCIAL MEDIA WHEN USING THE ODYSSEY SOCIAL MEDIA: • Check analytics when possible. • Develop an online personality (like @weatherbird or @ rembert) - find good people and mimic what they do. • Be interested in others, and be interesting to others. • Be kind; never act acidly or unprofessionally. • Be an expert on all things ODYSSEY.

Style and tips for posting • Posting on any form of social media is still publishing. You would not send the paper to print without editing it first, so why would you post without editing? All rules that apply to the magazine or a story for the web, apply to social media. • Make sure AP and ODYSSEY style is followed. • Wording should be clear/grammatically correct. • Dates need to be correct. • Link in bio when you can. • Tag others in posts when you can. • Be slightly conversational in the posts. Stay away from saying things like “Check out this article...” People don’t like to be told what to do. Ex. Prom Fashion Show features 35 juniors and seniors as well as Darlene Jones and other surprise guests. • If you could time travel to any event, where would you go? That’s the question 93 students will answer tomorrow night. • Remember, you represent the ODYSSEY when you are posting online. Whether it is from our account or your own personal account - what you put out there can’t be taken back. • Always double check posts before sending. Make sure you are sending from the correct account, make sure grammar is correct and make sure facts/dates/names are verified. • Stay consistent on Instagram with stylized posts (same fonts and formats for most posts)

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

CODING

How to post: http://bit.ly/1iy0I59

BASIC CODE (FOR ALL ARTICLES)

Posting codes: http://bit.ly/1O2j4Ip

<h6><strong>CAPTION</strong></h6> <strong style="color: #b43232;">DECK</strong>

<a href="http://www.odysseynewsmagazine.net/author/USERNAME/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">More from FIRST LAST</a>

*Posting codes are in an official web formatting guide. Talk to the Digital Editor or Webmaster if interested in learning how to post.

PHOTOGRAPHY

Whenever possible, it’s ideal for the writer to accompany the photographer on a photoshoot. This will relax the subject and provide a greater context during caption writing. Also, the writer knows the story best.

Steps to requesting a photo: 1. Brainstorm photo/graphic/cartoon ideas and discuss with Section Editor. 2. Meet with the photographer and discuss what the angle of your article will be to give them a better idea of what kind of pictures to take. 3. Reach out to the person you need photos of and get their permission. 4. Check-in on the status of your photos periodically, but don’t harass the photographer. Your story is not their only responsibility.

Photography for photographers

Photography for Writers

• Know the story you’re taking pictures for. Discuss the story with the author and your editor before shooting. • Bring the writer along with you whenever possible. • Take both vertical and horizontal photos always. • Fill the frame of the camera. • Control the background. • Make the subject feel comfortable. • Rule of thirds.

• Every article needs its own visual element. (The majority are photos.) • You and your editor should be in constant communication with the Visual Staff about your visuals status. • Use good pictures. Talk to the photographer about your article. Discuss and brainstorm what kind of photo it needs. If you have time, go with the photographer and help them out. • Photographers won’t always be available. If you check out a camera to take pictures, reach out to the Photography Editor and Mr. Ragsdale multiple days before you need to use the equipment. By all means do this. However, Photographers have to teach you how to use the ODYSSEY camera.

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

CAMERA BASICS Focusing Manual mode: You focus the camera by twisting the rings around the front of the lens. This mode is ideal when filming, but with photography, automatic mode is more convenient (usually). Automatic mode: The camera determines the focus point for you.

Aperture, Shutter speed, ISO the “Exposure Triangle” ISO is the level of sensitivity of your camera to the light coming through the lens. It is typically measured in numbers. A lower number represents lower sensitivity to available light, while higher numbers mean more sensitivity. As the ISO increases, so does the grain/noise in the images. So typically, the lower the ISO, the better. Aperture is a hole in the lens of your camera which determines how much light passes to the camera sensor. Aperture controls the depth of field, which is the portion of a scene that appears to be sharp. In simpler words, it is what makes the point of focus either super in-focus compared to the very blurry background or just as focused as the rest of the frame. If the aperture is small, the depth of field is large (more appears to be in focus), while if the aperture is large (less appears to be in focus), the depth of field is small. Aperture is expressed in “f ” numbers, which explains why aperture is commonly referred to as f-stop. Shutter speed is “the length of time a camera shutter is open to expose light into the camera sensor.” Shutter speed is measured in fractions of a second. Slow shutter speeds allow more light into the camera sensor and are used for low-light and night settings because they allow more light into the picture. The ideal camera setting for filming would be low ISO and a higher shutter speed to allow more light. This is different in photography. Fast shutter speeds help to freeze motion (which is what is used for action photography).

Photo under Fair Use guidelines.

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

BROADCAST

Broadcast 101:

Video basics:

Stories must be filmed, edited and uploaded in a very timely manner. News and sports coverage become irrelevant to the audience if they are not posted within one to three days (max) of an event. Feature stories are generally timeless, but all types of stories are more relevant if they're posted as a companion to a timely event. Irrespective of the package, all broadcast pieces must be vetted and approved to meet OMG standards before posting.

• Shots must be at least 720p; preferably 1080P • Generally speaking, use a variety of shots to create balance • Plan these out ahead of time with a shot list • Have a plan before you go shoot • A script is necessary before filming a video • Get plenty of B-roll • Interview questions • Film several interviews, as well as anything and everything that is visually pleasing • Be prepared with external microphone, tripod, extra SD card and full camera battery • Add music, but not so loud that you can't hear the person speaking • Clear, quiet background when recording (don't record somewhere windy or loud)

Video Components: Video components play a more than significant role in convergence media. There are many ways to include video components in a package, some of which include video clips of the interview embedded in the text, a standard 1:30 A-roll/B-roll video and a more lengthy feature video (no longer than 3:00).

Style: All videos must abide by their domain qualifications to be approved. Professional environmental wrap arounds are preferable, but not required for all videos. Video credits should be included. All videos must be approved by Mr. Ragsdale, the Photography Editor and the Digital Editor-in-Chief before being published. ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

BROADCAST TERMINOLOGY A-roll: Action Roll, the interview portion of the video (the subject voice) B-roll: Background Roll, the footage located between A-roll, showing what the source is talking about Environmental wraparounds: the reporter introducing the video on the camera and closing the video on camera (located at the setting where the video takes place) Sign off: this term is used only when the video does not include a wrap-around, the sign off will take place over voice-over (ex: Lucas Donnelly reporting for ODTV) Man on the street: a video made through the process of a traveling camera crew/set asking a variety of people the same/similar questions Say it, show it rule: when the interviewee mentions something or the reporter is transitioning, B-roll of what is being talked about must be shown T-rex stance: stance for camera person not using a tripod (arms bent and holding the camera/phone at chest level using the abdomen/torso to steady the equipment)

iPhone recovery You can always use your iPhone to recover from an equipment mishap or a short notice assignment. Features like the built-in stabilization and iMovie make this a simple task. Tips for taking a photo with your iphone: • Hold the iPhone horizontally (never shoot vertical video!) • Brace yourself against an object or use the t-rex stance to ensure stable footage • Use the AE/AF Lock on your camera screen to help with focus and lighting • Be patient with iMovie - it will be a tedious process on small screen if you choose to edit this way

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

TYPES OF VIDEOS

News: All news videos should stick to the standard 1:30 time rule. They will follow the a-roll/b-roll/a-roll/broll….formula strictly. The video must include at least two sources that are either (expert, pro, con or neutral). Hard News: (1:30 mins) This is breaking news. • Break-in’s • Fire at local Department

Issues News: (1:30 mins) News that is urgent and serious • An alleged SA case within the school district • When covering stories like this, it is important to tackle the issue, not the person.

Just News: (1:30 mins) Just normal little everyday stories • College fair comes to Athens • Library holds tech week

Sports: All sports videos must abide by the 1:30 time rule, but are allowed to go under 1:30. No matter the circumstances, all sports videos must include a professional environmental wrap around. Depending on the nature of the sports video, it will need to include two sources, that are either (expert/coach, player, spectator). • David Perno and Leroy Ryals talk about the Classic City Championship. • Soccer coverage with a sideline reporter on site. Soft news (human interest): News that focuses on a community event or a feel-good angle. When covering stories like this, it is important to put a face on the event. • MLK event at the Lyndon House features community speakers and a kids’ learning day. • The iliad literary-art magazine hosts a creative writing celebration. Features: These videos may included, but are not limited to an in-depth look at an issue or a video profile. Typically, dependent on quality b-roll and interviews, these videos should be three minutes including credits and support a Features article. It is critical that these videos not only tell the audience, but show the audience. • The Loran Smith Center provides an outlet for cancer patients. • Clarke Central musical set to pull back the curtain. • Family opens a small business to feed the community. Entertainment/Vlogs/Hype/Public Service Announcement: These videos include person on the street, trivia, hype videos and vlogs/short stories. The intent of these is to provide entertainment, to build excitement or provide insight to a personalized issue. Again, these videos should show the audience, not just tell. Run time depends on the specific purpose of the video, but should not exceed three (3) minutes. • Classic City Championship Trivia. • The importance of consent. • Discovering dyslexia. • #Beatnorthoconee. Videos on the fly: As journalists, we have to be prepared for all situations. When it comes to broadcast, there are many sticky situations to get into, but a lack of fancy equipment is not one of those sticky situations to worry about. • A short clip of a random event is always a welcome addition. For example, if one was writing a story on a skateboarder, a video of them doing tricks would be an easy on the fly video that could be used as a multimedia element. ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

EQUIPMENT CAMERAS

3. Handheld Microphones can be plugged directly into a stereo input on a DSLR camera with an adapter. Most 1. Consumer video cameras for the most part record handheld microphones have an XLR output cable that in full HD and most have external audio inputs. The needs to be converted to a ⅛ inch input. These micromajority of these camcorders record on SD cards, phones often reduce the background noise and also which makes it easy to upload and edit footage. Make come in more expensive wireless versions. These work sure any camera that you consider purchasing has best for a “Man on the Street” type interview where the a microphone input. Built-in microphones will not reporter and the subject are both in the shot. record anywhere close to the high-quality audio that is required for ODYSSEY content. 4. Shotgun Microphones can be attached to cameras or digital recorders and record sound in an area. Shotgun If you must use a camera without a microphone microphones are good for interviews on the fly and input, an external handheld microphone (see audio whenever you do not have the ability to get a microequipment below) provides a high-quality solution. phone on your source. These microphones are often mounted on top of a DSLR (hot shoe mount). 2. DSLRs are optimal for recording in the highest quality HD video. The difference in quality comes with large light sensors to capture greater colors, the ability to change lenses and the highly dynamic aperture. These cameras are very affordable compared to Studio lighting and remote lighting can differ in size professional video equipment, but are certainly still and portability. If you are looking for on-location an expensive option. interview lighting then consider on-camera LED kits with battery power.

LIGHTING

AUDIO

1. Digital Recorders like the Zoom H4N and Zoom H1 are great for anything audio related. They record very clear sound through built-in stereo microphones and they have stereo inputs for 2 XLR microphones and 1 ⅛ input. It records to an SD card and can also be used as an audio interface for computers. 2. Lavalier Microphones that plug directly into stereo inputs (digital recorders or a camera input) are a must-have. These mics should be used while recording voices in interviews. The subject should have the mic clipped to the collar of their shirt and the cord of the mic should be run under their shirt so it is not visible.

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

EXTRA 1. SD cards are the flash memory cards used to store and provide a high-capacity memory for cameras, audio recorders, computers, phones and other digital devices. SD cards, depending on the size, can easily and quickly fill with too many files. Before going on a shoot, make sure the SD card has enough space and ideally, bring an extra. 2. Tripods provide stability to a shot, whether a photograph or a video recording. Tripods are essential in filming as it makes the shot flow smoothly and more professionally.

SCRIPT WRITING After you have decided what kind of broadcast video you would like to make, the next step is to write a solid script that follows these four rules:

1. Scripts are not articles

We should remember that we are not writing a piece of written literature. You should be natural and use words that are a part of your spoken vocabulary. Scripts are meant for you. You need to ensure that they adhere to a set of rules. Remember: a bad script leads to a bad video. Make sure that every script is reviewed by the Digital Editor-in-Chief and Photography Editor.

2. We are speaking to our viewers, not reading to them.

Writing for radio and television must be informal. You should sound educated,

but use language you would normally use to speak every day. Leave out superfluous information. The idea in each paragraph should be simple and easy to grasp.

3. Be clear

Do not use vague or ambiguous language in script writing. Viewers need to be able to grasp what you are saying without confusion.

4. Explain 5Ws and H

Your voice over and your script is what offers the facts. Get straight to the point.

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

AUDIO BASICS Recording audio can often be the most difficult part to getting great video stories. Here are five simple tips to get the most out of your audio.

1. Know your audio equipment, and when and where to use it.

4. Find a quiet space.

Even if you have a great microphone, background noise will always be picked up. Unless you want the interview to feel like a busy scene, quiet settings always make for higher quality audio. If you’re recording your own voice over, try recording in a quiet room without a vaulted ceiling, such as a car, a closet or the ODYSSEY back room.

If you are trying to do a run and gun interview, you need to use a handheld microphone that you can hold close to the subject's face. The handheld reduces background noise If you are outside, there are a number of and lets the reporter control where the minatural elements that can interfere with the crophone is pointing. A great option for this quality of your recording. If it is windy look scenario is the Zoom H1 or Zoom H4N. for something to block the wind – standing next to a building or a wall could do just the trick. Some everyday items to help with mutAlways check your battery before you leave ing excess noise that can be used as microthe room for an interview. Never ever use a phone coverings can be: eraser tips or a piece worn-down battery either, due to the fact that of cloth or clothing item, such as a sock. as the battery gets lower on power, a cracking or dropping out of the sound could interfere with the level you want to achieve.

5. Be mindful of Mother Nature.

2. Double-check your equipment.

3. never rely on the onboard microphone of your camera.

Most DSLR and camcorders have a small area that looks like three to four pinhole dots for the onboard microphone. This stock microphone will produce nearly inaudible audio, and render even the most elegant shots useless.

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

Watch your level, not your volume. When recording you should be concerned with the level of audio. When you are listening you are concerned with the volume level. They are two different readings. Your recording level should always be between -12 and -24 dB.

FILMING PROCESS Filming

The interview

B-roll stands for background roll or the footage your video shows over the voice over. Your b-roll should relate directly to what is being said by the reporter or by the source.

Good interviews are crucial in a good video package. You don’t have the luxury of correcting your sources' mistakes through parentheses.

•

• •

Know your camera. Know how to adjust the settings on your camera. Use aperture, ISO and shutter speed to make your shot look as good as it can. Just like when going on interviews, you need to have a plan when you go shoot b-roll. Go back to the location as many times as you need. Like in photography, don’t be afraid to get cool and unique angles. Use what you learned with photojournalism and apply it to filming.

Get plenty of b-roll no matter what the circumstance; more than you think you need. • •

Film in sequences: tight shots, medium shots and wide shots Every action has a reaction. For every action shot, you have to have a reaction shot: no exceptions. The REACTION evokes the emotion.

Types of shots • • • • • • •

Action Wide - WS - establish the scene Action Medium- MS - zoom with your feet to introduce your character Action Tight - T or CU - show what the character is doing Reaction Wide Reaction Medium Reaction Tight Edit these shots together in sequences to help tell the story.

• •

•

• •

Make your source feel comfortable. The interview should be a conversation, not an interrogation. Film several interviews with several sources. For example, if you are doing a story about a restaurant, make sure to talk to customers and employees about the restaurant. Even if the interview is unplanned, you need their voice in your story, not just your expert sources. Always take the microphone/recorder. If you don’t have access to this, use your phone. You never know when the audio on your camera will fail you and in general, camera microphones are worse than separate ones. Framing is key. Use the rule of thirds in all interviews to create balance. Most importantly: TAKE ALL THE TIME YOU NEED TO SET UP THE CAMERA FOR THE INTERVIEW. Never feel rushed. Make conversation while you are setting up the camera. Ask your source to please excuse you and always get to the location early.

VIDEO LAYOUT Beginning

Set the location of the story before you dive into it. This allows for the viewer to mentally visualize “where they are” Ex: [panorama of front of CCHS] VO: “Although many efforts are trying to be made to keep Clarke Central safe, students feel otherwise.” Use a wide shot to set the scene: establishing shot. Informally introduce your subject. This allows for a smoother transition. Ex: [wide shot of tiny boy walking through the hallway using telekinesis] [cut to interview of boy] LITTLE TIMMY: “I’ve always felt left out because I’m... different.” Edit in sequencing. Sequencing is a series of shots one after another that help tell the story and show what the subject is doing. Typically, these shots are edited together in a WIDE-MEDIUM-TIGHT sequence. However, you can always change those shots around (tight - medium - wide). Begin with natural sound and end with natural sound.

Middle & end • DON’T reveal the most important information or the “golden nuggets” immediately; reveal them at the point when they will be the most effective. • Introduce your characters but “tease” your audience. This will keep them engaged. • If you say it, show it. If your source is talking about eating soup, show the audience the character eating soup. • Your audience won’t necessarily remember what you tell them, but they’ll remember what they felt. • Use natural sound and reaction shots to evoke emotion.

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

DESIGN PROGRAMS

The ODYSSEY uses Adobe Photoshop CS5, Adobe InDesign CS5 and Adobe Illustrator CS5 in the production of the magazine.

Adobe InDesign This is used to put the magazine together and is where you’ll spend the vast majority of your time when designing your layout. Selection tool: It’s the first tool in the tool palette (on the left side of the screen) and is a black arrow. Use this whenever you need to move something on the page. To place a photo in InDesign, hit Ctrl + D and it will open a menu. Find your photo in the drop box and select it. How to switch from picas to inches in InDesign: A pica is 1/6 of an inch, and in InDesign it is your default unit of mea-

surement. To change your standard default unit of measurement: • Edit --> Preferences --> Units and Increments --> Pull the drop bar down on the vertical and horizontal selections and click inches. Bleeds: Bleeds are when a photo runs off the page (in the corners or on the sides). This means your photo must reach the pink line that sits off the page to ensure that there won’t be any white lining around the photo after printing. Check your bleeds! How to set up Bleeds: • File --> Document Setup --> More Options --> Adjust your bleed to .125 inches and make sure it’s linked (look at the small box on the lower left-hand side of the window. If a small chain link is intact, the image has been linked successfully). Text Tool: This is also in the tool palette and is the fourth tool from the top. It’s the “T” for text. Use this to create a new text box, which then functions similar to a word document. Also, click this if you want to edit text already on the page or modify it in any way. Note that when you have this selected, the palette at the top of the page changes where you can modify the text (make it italicized, underline it, change the font, etc.) ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

Linking Text Boxes: If you have too much text for a text box to display, a small red plus sign will appear at the bottom of the text. If this is the case you will need to link this text box with another to make the text fit. At the bottom right-hand corner of every text box is a linking tab. It’s a small blue box that’s about twice as big as the box that marks the dimensions of the box. To link a text box to another, simply click the box and click anywhere on the text box you’d like to link it to. The missing text will appear inside the newly linked text box.

InDesign Shortcuts Place: Cmd + D Undo: Cmd + Z Select tool: V Hide/Show grids and guides: W Lock an object in place on the page: Cmd + L Group multiple selected objects: Cmd + G Select multiple objects on a page by using the mouse: Shift + Left Click Show Baseline Grid: Cmd + Alt + ‘ Text Wrap: Cmd + Alt + W Add a page: Cmd + Shift + P Text frame options: Cmd + B 60

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

Adobe Photoshop This is where all the photos get edited, as well as where the majority of graphics are created. You can either open an existing photo or a new document. For non-color newsmagazine photos, these are the following steps to take for images: 1. Place desired image into Photoshop 2. Grayscale the image Image > Mode > Grayscale 3. Resize the image Image > Size > Resolution: 300 + height and width should be the actual size in inches of your photo (ie. 5in by 8in) 4. Save photo File > Save as > title document properly, save to proper folder, always save as TIFF To find and open a file you start out by opening the “File” tab at the top of the screen. File --> Open --> Find the file in the drop boxes --> click open Then, a trick to make the image crispers: Image --> Mode --> Adjustments --> Auto Contrast Lasso Tool: These tools are located on the tool palette which, like InDesign, is on the left side of the screen. It is the second tool from the top on the far left column. If you hold down with your mouse over the icon, you will see there are three types of lasso tools. The magnetic lasso is the one you will be using the most since it recognizes different shades of color on a photo. To add more to your selection after you’ve already gone over it once, hold down “shift” and this will allow you to add more of the picture to your selected area. By holding down “Alt” you can take away areas of your selection. After you select the area you want, right click inside the area with the lasso tool still selected and hit “select inverse”. This selects every area on the picture except the area you used the lasso tool on. Then hit either “backspace” or “delete” and it’ll cut out the area you selected.

STYLE PALETTE

Helvetica Neue Lt. Com (37 Thin Condensed Oblique) has replaced Georgia as the secondary font in the magazine. This means decks, captions, bylines, photo credits, drop caps, pull quotes, etc. are in Helvetica Neue Lt. Com. BODY TEXT 9 pt. Apple Garamond, left-aligned HEADER Viewpoints -- Harriet Display (Bold Italic), All Caps, font size depends on context. News/Features/Sports -- Bebas Neue Variety -- Mont SUBHEADER Bebas font size depends on context Second header font, used for subheads and all headlines that aren't consistently in the magazine. DECKS Half page -- 14 pt. Helvetica Neue Lt. Com (37 Thin Condensed Oblique) Full page -- 18 pt. Helvetica Neue Lt. Com (37 Thin Condensed Oblique) BYLINES Name -- All Caps 7 pt. Helvetica Neue Lt. Com (37 Thin Condensed) Position -- 8 pt Leading (space between the lines) 0p9 text wrap CAPTIONS/PHOTO CREDITS 7 pt. Helvetica Neue Lt. Com (37 Thin Condensed)

VIEWPOINTS 14 pt. Harriet Display (Bold Italic), size depends on context, color matched to drop cap, center-justified. NEWS/FEATURES/SPORTS Quote 16 pt. Helvetica Neue Lt.Com (37 Thin Condensed) Name -- 19 pt. Bebas Neue Attribution -- 11 pt. Helvetica Neue Lt. Com (37 Thin Condensed) VARIETY Quote 13 pt. Mont Name(if needed) -- 15 pt. Mont Attribution(if needed) -- 13 pt. Mont GHOST 10 pt. Harriet Display (Black italic) Color: d4d7d4 (hex code) DOCUMENT SETUP W:8.25in, H: 10.75in Set both pages and start # to 2 Columns: 6 Bleeds: 0.125in

PHOTOS Adjust curves (typically lighten), adjust image size: 300 resolution, RESIZE (approximate in proportion to size in inches on page), save as TIFF file. PULLQUOTES

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

MAGAZINE DESIGN

Journalistic design is just as important as writing. The design of a page is what draws readers in. Without an eye-catching design, readers might overlook your story. To improve your design skills, study professional magazine layouts. Don’t be afraid to steal layout ideas from them. Professional magazines often have eye-catching yet easily recreatable elements. Also, once you've completed one design, you can then open that design whenever you have a new design to do. Taking elements from old designs will prevent you from having to dig through font lists and help retain formatting norms.

Design terminology: LAYOUT: The design of an article’s page(s). Includes copy (byline, deck, headline, caption, credits, pull quotes) and visual elements (graphics, photos, cartoons, infographics). SPREAD: There is a difference between a spread and a layout. A spread is a story over two pages lying next to each other, such as p. 24 and 25. It’s important to package the spread and make sure the pages feed off of each other. COPY: Another word used for the main text of your article. HEADLINE: The title of an article. A good headline draws readers in while providing information about the article. The headline should avoid sensationalizing or exaggerating the story. DECK: This is a sub-headline. All articles have them, and they’re generally one-two sentences. They should be catchy and explain the article. Be sure to put your deck in italics. BYLINE: The name and staff position of the writer. CAPTION: The text that accompanies visual elements. Captions are generally next to the photo. Make sure they aren’t craptions (terrible, horribly awful captions) and that they are three sentences long. Captions must include a quote that is not already in the article. GHOST: An image that is placed at the end of an article, letting the reader know that the article has ended. For the ODYSSEY, it’s a little O for… yah know, ODYSSEY. HEADSHOT: We use these in the ODYSSEY for Question of the Month and editorials. They’re a picture of the article’s author or the person the quote is from. PULL QUOTE: A visual element that enlarges one quote from the copy for emphasis. Should draw attention to an important voice from the article. MASTHEAD: The list of editor and staff positions at the start of the magazine. TYPEFACE: The font style used consistently throughout a publication. TOMBSTONING: Where the headline is centered on the page; NEVER do this. WIDOW: When the last line of a paragraph is not able to fit at the bottom of a page or column. Instead, it sits at the top of the next page, looking out of place. 62

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

DESIGN TERMINOLOGY CONTD. KERNING: Spacing between letters. TRACKING: Spacing between words. LEADING: Spacing between lines. BASELINE: The blue baseline grid lines in InDesign. STAND-OFF/SPACING: The spacing between all elements. It should always be at least 1/6 of an inch or one pica.

You don’t need to worry about kerning, tracking or leading too much. They are already included in the ODYSSEY style templates in InDesign. However, do not track or kern to fill up leftover space or to make it all fit on a page. It is noticeable, tacky and obvious you didn’t meet your word count.

Readers look at pages and read them in certain ways. We read from left to right, starting at the top of the page. The three terms below should help explain how people view pages. Mechanical center: Reflects the actual center of the page (middle of the page) Optical Center: Where the readers eyes go first (top lefthand corner of the page) Lazy S: The invisible line people follow when they scan a page. Imagine a backwards S spread across the page starting in the top left-hand corner

Design concepts: Dominant Element:

The dominant element is the largest visual element on the page. You want each page to have only one dominant element. It should be at least 33% bigger than any other visual element on the page. If you make two or three similar sized photos, none of them are dominant. A page of similar sized photos isn’t pleasing to the eye, so choose the best one and “A pull quote can be easily used to draw blow it up to your reader in, add to layout appeal or add some flair break up big blocks of text. Be careful to your page. when choosing the quote.”

This is an orphan. When a single word jumps to the next line and is isolated alone on a line, it distracts the readers eye and has a negative effect on your page. Kill all orphans by changing the size and location of text boxes or removing useless words in the text. BALANCE Where we choose to put the heaviest elements 1. Horizontal – balance on a center axis 2. Vertical – balances on a center axis; avoid because it creates tombstoning 3. Diagonal – balances on a center axis; best because it follows eye patterns

White space is actually a part of the elements of design. Professional designers know how to use white space to clean up a messy page and allow the reader to breathe. It’s not always best to cram as much as possible onto trapped white space.

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

Designing for reader friendliness: Standardize the number of columns. The more columns the better. Whenever setting up a page layout, start with 6 columns. • Place the most important stories on the right pages (eyes "catch" right pages first). • Don't crowd pages with stories. Leave ample white space. White space is your friend and can be a powerful design element. • Make sure headlines catch readers' attention and are directly tied to the story's lede. • The fire principle: If someone set a fire on the center of your page, every element should have a way to escape. You don’t want to trap any elements on your page and have it be too busy.

Working with Text:

Creating Text Boxes:

• Paragraph indentations should be 0.125 inches. • Do not stretch copy across too wide a space (across more than three columns of a five-column, tabloid-sized page). Try to keep it to two or three columns of text per page. • Avoid crowding type against column rules or text/ graphic boxes. • When carrying text over to the next column, be certain not to duplicate lines or chop off the very end of a story (especially if it spills over onto another page). • Every graphical element and text box should be at least one line in InDesign, or one pica (1/6 of an inch), away from other elements on the page.

• Allow sufficient contrast when reversing type to white against a dark background or black over a shaded or colored background. • Text wrap may create gaps and awkward spaces. Be careful using this tool and watch out for orphans.

Do's and Don'ts • DO use “readable” graphs such as bar or pie charts. • DO use sharp, colorful graphics. • DO break up big sections of text with items such as pull quotes. • DO have a dominant element on a page and preferably 2-3 graphical elements. • DO design for eye appeal. 64

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

• DON’T make pages look like jigsaw puzzles. • DON’T use over-complicated charts or graphs, or confusing graphics. • DON’T create a page that is overwhelmingly text-heavy. • DON’T reinvent the wheel. Sometimes a simple layout is best.

Working with Images:

• All images must be properly sized in Photoshop so as to not increase the size of the master once they are placed into layout. Check the dimensions of your photo in layout and then apply the size under image > image size. • Don't s t r e t c h a photo in InDesign. It will be pixelated in print. When resizing a frame in InDesign, hold down shift, as this will keep the frame proportional. • Remember to group (right click > group) multiple graphical elements to make it easier to move them around a page. The more you work with the program, the better you’ll be.

Visual Elements:

Resizing Photos or Other Artwork:

Photograph: Taken by a camera or phone and then uploaded to the computer. Graphic: Something created in Photoshop or Illustrator, usually using another photo. Infographic: A graphic displaying information. Art: Anything that isn’t a photo, graphic or infographic. Ex: drawings, cartoons, etc.

• When you scan or resize a photo, always be sure to set the resolution at 300 dpi. Any less than this and the photo tends to be pixelated when it prints. • Adjust the photo or graphic in Photoshop, not in InDesign.

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

FAST-FACT BOX: A type of infographic in the form of a box with facts. These are useful for topics that are hard to explain in an article without listing them. Q&A: We use these mostly in sports. It takes quotes and presents them with a large visual element. Ex: recurring “5 Things” spreads. PUBLIC OPINION POLL: A graphic made from information compiled in a survey of at least 300 students. Student opinion has a good deal of weight behind it. Typically designed in Photoshop or Canva. TIMELINE: These can be great representations of a complicated life or story map. GLOSSARY: These are great for articles on the more scientific side. QUOTE COLLECTION: A list of quotes, usually accompanied by headshots of sources, that display a wide range of views on a given topic. DIAGRAM: Explains how something works, or it can even just be a way to give quick facts. MAP: Maps help people figure out where places in the article are located and gives the article more appeal because they give a better sense of the subject with a location. 66

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

INFOGRAPHICS When you are first assigned your article, consider using an infographic for your page. Infographics are a fun way to provide more information in the story through a creative graphic.

VIEWPOINTS

The Viewpoints section is responsible for expressing the views of Clarke Central High School students and faculty. Viewpoints topics range from school-related and community issues to personal issues to national issues. The Viewpoints section of the magazine consists of the Letters to the Editor, Corrections and Omissions, Our Take, Question of the Month, Thumbs and articles written by the Viewpoints staff in addition to guest articles by non-ODYSSEY CCHS students and faculty. On the website, the Viewpoints section consists of blogs, columns and opinions/editorial pieces, which can also be guest-written by non-ODYSSEY CCHS students and faculty.

Thumbs is the section of the magazine where the ODYSSEY staff gives their opinion on articles from each section. Thumbs should give a brief explanation of what the article is about and should be witty and catchy.

Fresh Voice The Fresh Voice section is a column where freshmen on and off the ODYSSEY Media Group can express their opinions in the magazine and on the website. Fresh Voice articles are generally short editorials of about 300 words that take up a half-page in the magazine.

Letters to the editor Letters to the Editor is the section in the magazine where the student body is able to express their opinions on the articles written in the last issue. However, hundreds of Letters to the Editor do not magically appear in the ODYSSEY mail box, so here are some tips. Steps to getting Letters to the Editor:

• Try and get an article from each section of the magazine so all of the sections are covered. • Hand out the articles to classes and students and ask them to read the article and write a letter. Make sure to Our Take is a column in the magazine where ask a variety of students and staff to write letters in order an editor or staff writer writes an editorial to add diversity. Ask them for their contact information to intended to display the opinions of the entire follow up with them later. staff. An editorial cartoon is usually placed • Each issue must include at least 4-5 Letters to the Editor with this column. -- again, from a group of students from different grade levels, of different genders and of different cultural backgrounds.

Our take

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

Corrections and omissions Corrections and Omissions is a facet of the print publication in which the ODYSSEY Media Group corrects the mistakes that it made in the last magazine, such as incorrect spellings of names, a lack of photo captions or credits for pictures and graphics, etc. Corrections and Omissions are found by the ODYSSEY staff members and the Lead Copy Editor and are documented in the Corrections and Omissions box on the Letters to the Editor page. Corrections and Omissions can also be found in a separate tab on the ODYSSEY website.

Question of the month

When you're out and about:

Question of the Month is the section in the magazine where students and teachers at CCHS respond to a question that is asked by the ODYSSEY staff. The Viewpoints Staff is responsible for coming up with the question and finding people to answer the question. The Viewpoints Staff must also get a headshot of each person answering the question. Question of the Month needs to represent the diversity of the student body. Question of the Month must include one teacher and one students from each grade. These should not be left for the last minute. Everyone on the Viewpoints Staff is responsible for compiling the questions and answers for this section. Be sure to have a variety of answers and a variety of people asked so you can choose from the best.

The Viewpoints Staff will need to leave the classroom to get quotes, letters and pictures for Question of the Month and Letters to the Editor. • When you do this, make sure to always remain polite and courteous. • Always present yourself in a professional manner. • Do not freak out at people who tell you no and respect their decision. • Be on time to class. No excuses. • Don’t leave assignments for the last minute! It will only bring unneeded stress and will put the Viewpoints section and magazine behind schedule. • If taking a student out of class, you MUST have emailed the teacher to gain permission beforehand.

About editorials An editorial is not an excuse to rant with no factual base. Do not write your article in first person unless the article is about you. The article should not be a rewritten news story, either. Use facts that you collect or are presented with from different sources to form an opinion on the topic, then construct an argument based on the knowledge that you gained.

Tips for writing a viewpoints article • Base all of your editorials in facts using quotes, news, etc. No baseless accusations or libelous statements. • Cover all the issues, use specific examples and always double-check your facts. • Always make sure that you attack the issue, not the person. • Be subtle, logical, reasonable and restrained when writing your article. • Think of all the angles to your article, especially the opposing view. • Be fair – you must give the opposing point of view along with your own view. • Have fun. Enjoy what you’re writing about. 68

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

VIEWPOINTS LAYOUTS Half page Keep your text short and to the point in order to fit a headline, a deck, a byline, a photo and a photo caption. Make half of the page one column the other half two columns to break up the text. If there is room, a pull quote is also a good way to break up the text, so your readers aren’t overwhelmed by the amount of text. If there is an imbalance of ink, try giving your half page layout a 20% grey background.

Full page Find one dominant photo and use it. ALWAYS use two columns in a spread, instead of three, to make the page appear less crowded and chunky. Add a pull quote to draw the reader's eye in.

NOTE: Most Viewpoints layouts will require a cartoon or photo illustration. It is imperative that staff members communicate with their Illustrator before the ROUGH DRAFT DEADLINE.

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

Editorial Template: Here's the basic structure of a good persuasive editorial: Lede (hook): Your piece’s introduction should be catchy, short (no more than 30 words) and grab the reader’s attention. Thesis statement: The main idea of your piece should be a clear and concise description of your position. Supporting details: These are very important -- the backbone of your editorial, these are what will give your words credibility. You should have evidence, anecdotal and numerical, to support your point. Counter argument: To balance out your point and strengthen your piece overall, acknowledge the other side’s arguments and disprove them with counter-arguments. Supporting details: Appeal to your readers’ pathos, ethos and logos -- their emotions, their sense of credibility and their logic. Proposal: If you discuss a problem, ALWAYS propose a solution. Don’t be the person who vetoes everybody’s restaurant picks and doesn’t give any suggestions. Conclusion: Finish strong. There is no “right” way to go with this, but an option is always to restate your point in other words or to give a supporting statement for your solution. You want to leave your readers thinking.

Blog Template: Blogs are a little bit different. Unlike persuasive editorials, blogs are usually told from a first-person perspective and recount a personal experience. Here's the basic structure of a good blog: Lede (hook): Like a persuasive editorial, the lede to a blog should be short and catchy, and it serves as a reader’s first introduction into the story you're telling them. Thesis: Here's where you introduce the “big idea” of your blog. You zoom out from your personal experience and explain why this is important to you and why it matters. Supporting details: Make the reader feel they are there with you. Explain how you felt during the experience or at the time, how you have changed, who supported you, etc. Conclusion: Bring home your blog by explaining what you took away from the experience. 70

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

GUEST WRITERS Students outside of the ODYSSEY staff are allowed to submit to the publication as guest writers. Submitted materials and pitches will be reviewed by the Cabinet and Mr. Ragsdale for verification. The writing must be the original work of the writer and not previously published in any other publication. Guest writers typically contribute to the Viewpoints section of the magazine. Guest writers are not a part of the Production or J1 class, so editors will have to work with the writer to coordinate conferences and meetings. Guest writers will be expected to complete their story and make edits in a timely manner to allow the magazine cycle to continue as normal.

NOTE: There likely will not be a guest writer for every magazine, but if someone approaches you about a guest column that seems viable, direct that request to the Cabinet and Mr. Ragsdale. ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

NEWS

News is characterized by its objective telling of events. It has no subjectivity. It is straightforward and balances what the reader wants to know and what the reader needs to know. If it is not new, it cannot be news. News also has to be significant. If people need to know about it, then the article needs to be written. Writers think about these things to help them determine what events are news article material.

News values (at least two per story) Timeliness: News needs to be written quickly and efficiently, especially if the article is set to go online and not in print. If it is not new, it cannot be news. Relevance: It is important that your story's focus is relevant to the Clarke Central High School student body as well as the Clarke County School District or Athens community. Proximity: Our readership consists of students and people within the Athens community. We do not write news stories about national and international events unless they have some kind of direct tie to/impact on the CCHS or Athens community. Consequence: People want to know in what ways events, policies, etc. are going to affect them. Within news articles, the effects need to be covered. Conflict: People also want to know about issues and debates within their community. Writers must cover all sides of a story. Prominence: People want to see things and people that are popular. They are going to interact more with people who have a larger awareness or following. Human interest: News can be written about people's experiences that our audience might connect with. This emphasizes human elements such as personal growth and kindness and connects to the reader's interests or emotions. Novelty: A novelty story is suprising or shocking and is about something unlikely or abnormal.

Subjective: In an emotional goodbye to the school year, the Clarke Central High School orchestra will perform a beautiful set for their final concert of the year. • The sentence above is subjective and should only be used in the Viewpoints section. • It is the writer’s opinion that it is “an emotional goodbye” or a “beautiful set.” Objective: The Clarke Central High School orchestra will be performing in E.B Mell Auditorium on May 15 at 7 p.m. for its final concert of the year. • It is simply stated and it does not bring in the writer’s opinion and answers several of the 5 W's and H. 72

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

Writing a news story Whether the story will be featured on the website, in the magazine or both, these tips are true for all news stories. Keep in mind that stories that go online will need to be written much quicker than those that go in the magazine.

Beginning

• Before you start writing, make sure you know what the focus of your article will be. This does NOT

mean what your take on the subject is. The focus or angle should be what interests and informs readers the most. • When writing a lede, try to find a way to grab the reader’s attention without slanting the article. Remember: in news writing, you shouldn’t be stating an opinion. People will read the article to get the entire story, not just your side of it. • Ledes should be 30 words or less. • You should have a nutgraph, a paragraph that explains the context and basics of the story without spoiling anything. • You should have an interesting and informative quote directly following the nutgraph to draw the reader in and get the point of your article across.

Body

• Go in an order that makes sense for your article. The inverted pyramid style of writing helps a lot

with organization and is the main style that we use in ODYSSEY. Chronological order is a good example of another acceptable sequence. It confuses the reader if the information skips around a lot. Chronological order is only used in certain cases, however, so in general, stick with inverted pyramid. • Again, stay objective. Avoid clichés and cutesy phrases: they do not belong in News. • Choose quotes that show ALL sides of an issue. To only choose quotes from one side is editorializing. Get sources that showcase a variety of ages, ethnicities, genders, opinions, etc.

Conclusion

• Sum everything up in your second to last paragraph. Your last paragraph should be a quote that

captures the main idea of the article. Your quote should be every bit as interesting as your leading quote. • Do not slip opinions into your conclusion. You have to stay distanced from the topic through to the end. • Your conclusion should look to the future and what will come next for the subject after publication.

Avoiding Fake News

The ODYSSEY Media Group does not tolerate fake news. We do not publish sensational stories or stories without merit. To avoid reporting fake news, double-check everything. Interview multiple people to confirm information. Never report something based on hearsay. If you have any doubts on what is true and what’s not, talk with your Section Editor, Lead Copy Editor and Editor-in-Chief. ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

PACKAGING A NEWS STORY Your headline should attract people's attention Do not restate your headline or your lede in the deck. Although the lede and deck contain similar information, do not write them to be the exact same. The reader needs to get an idea of what the article is about while also being enticed to read it. DO NOT BE SUBJECTIVE.

News visuals Consider including infographics with photos and captions. They are a great trick for capturing people’s attention and work well for the website and the magazine. Make sure that they still provide crucial information. For them to work effectively, they need to be neat, appealing to the eye and actually informational. News layouts do not have to be fancy, but they do need to work well with the story. The font for news headlines should always be Bebas Neue. The layout and the visuals should reflect the story. However, you can still have fun moving all of the elements around and pulling a few subtle tricks here and there to create eye appeal. Visuals should always be photographs and not illustrations.

News platforms Where your article is published is just as important as the packaging of the story itself. The publication that the article is on effects who will read the article, when the article will be read, how the article will be designed and more.

What news articles go online:

- Breaking news: Important news that was released at most 24 hours before the article was written and published. - Time sensitive articles: Articles that are not timeless and need to go up as soon as possible to be fully understood.

What news articles go in print:

- Timeless pieces: Articles about events with consequences that will affect people for a long time and/or articles that people can read at any point in time and still understand, enjoy, get information from, etc. - Relatively timely pieces: Articles that will be timely when the magazine is published. Usually of a long term event or issue.

NEWS BRIEFS Writing a News Brief A news brief is a short summary of an event, written in quote-transition-quote format, that relates to the school in some way. Preferably, students should be involved in the activity. You want to relate the brief to the students as much as possible in order to get more student names in the publication. News briefs are typically around 300 words and published on the website. You should always include quotes, preferably from both a student and a teacher/expert source.

News briefs should each be 275-350 words long and accompanied by a feature photo and a subordinate photo. All information should be factchecked and backed with a source, avoiding “voice of god.” The story should be structured logically and answer all reader questions. ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

FEATURES

Feature articles are the longest in the magazine and focus on in-depth stories around Clarke Central High School and Athens-Clarke County. The issues are usually timeless profiles of a student or community figure. Every magazine will have a Feature story that is also the magazine cover story.

Preparation: Because Feature articles are longer than others, being very organized and following the specific Feature story deadlines that are set in place is imperative. It is important not to procrastinate. Immediately after you get your article assignment, RESEARCH whatever you can about your topic. This will give you informed, detailed questions that will lead to better quotes. Because of their length and sensitivity, Features will require many in-depth interviews. Often times, you will find that many follow-up interviews with a central source are necessary.

A Feature is... • A mix between News and Variety • Objective and informative, yet creative • Often controversial or dramatic; covering sensitive issues • The most in-depth to write • Requires a lot of time and effort • Allows you to get to know your personal writing style better • Involves hard editing • Lengthy • Written in quote-transition-quote format 76

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

FEATURES ORGANIZATION Interviewing: Be very professional and sensitive in interviews. Make sure to explain what your article is about briefly to your source. Set up a time and location that’s convenient for your source. Interview as many people as possible. A Feature story should have a variety of diverse voices offering different perspectives and opinions. Make sure that these interviews are very lengthy and in-depth in order to secure all information neccessary. Get all sides to the story.

Questions: You need to have A LOT of questions for each interview, beyond 20 or 25. Each new topic brought up should have filter questions and follow-ups. Freestyle follow-ups if you can.

Outline Once interviewing and transcribing is outline done,to Once your your interviewing and transcribing is done, create an create an outline to help structure your help you structure your article. Theyou model of an outline canarticle. be modified to fit whatever most useful individual writers, however, The model of anisoutline canforbe modified to fit whatthe basic structure is a flowchart with the topics of paragraphs, and ever is most useful for individual writers however, quotes that support the topics. These should be detailed as possible the basic is a to flowchart topics of and structure completed prior writing thewith roughthe draft.

paragraphs and quotes that support the topics. These should be as detailed as possible and completed prior to writing the rough draft.

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

STRUCTURE OF FEATURES Headline: Your headline should be intriguing and short and should include an action verb and relate directly to a theme or topic in your article. This can often be the hardest part, but thinking of possible headlines ahead of time will help. Deck: Briefly describe the article without giving too much away. It is only one-two sentences. Lede: The lede is often the most important aspect in a Features article due to the article’s length. A lede should pull the reader in and make them want to know more about your topic. There are different leads for different types of articles. Angle: An angle is an objective view to focus your article around. Often your angle will change with the more interviews and information you get, but it should be in your mind. Consider the following questions when coming up with an angle: What is the most relatable side of this story? What are people really pointing towards in interviews? Is there an issue that could be confusing? How could you focus your story to clear all confusion for the reader? Conclusion: The conclusion should be built up throughout the article and be followed by your second most powerful quote. These look to the future.

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

"Retention rate crisis" by Nico Willman

FEATURES LAYOUTS Layouts need to be interesting to keep the reader involved throughout the pages of your article. Usually, Features layouts are 4 pages. A dominant photo on the first page with little to no text is a popular design idea. Interesting pull-quotes keep the reader engaged.

Photos Profiles should have many pictures of the person and what they do that you are focusing on (a club, family, job, etc.). There should be a mix of posed and candid shots to allow designers a variety of shots to incorporate in their layouts. Issue-based stories: Often staged, dramatic pictures that play off shadows, darkness or a portrayed emotion. Must be tasteful and effective in your article or else they will not work.

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

VARIETY What is variety? Variety is a section made up of Cultural Buzz, reviews, Quest for Athens Best and more alternative news stories. These stories must appeal to a wide range of the student body.

Cultural Buzz • Two-page spread made of six 100-150 word blurbs, two 300-word reviews and photo illustrations. • Should cover a diverse range of restaurants, movies, video games, apps and music along with other events that go on around Athens.

What is a blurb? Blurbs are short reviews that make up the Cultural Buzz section. They should be about 100-150 words long. Make them as condensed and creative as possible. They should be factual accounts of what you are reviewing with your opinion embedded throughout. Since they are so short, you need to get straight to the point.

AP STYLE IN Cultural Buzz When reviewing movies, games, restaurants, plays, poems, albums, songs, TV shows and works of art: • Capitalize the articles "a," "an" and "the" if they are the first or last words in the title. • Put quotations around the titles of books, plays, computer games, poems, lectures, speeches, TV shows, movies, magazines, newspapers, gallery/museum exhibitions, albums and songs. • Titles of blurbs are in Bebas Neue (the font). • All blurb copy is 9pt Apple Garamond. • Reviewer's name and staff position is 9pt Helvetica Neue LT (37 Thin Condensed) one line below the blurb. 80

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

REVIEWS How to write a review: Lede: Should be 30 words or less. Needs to attract your reader and set the tone for the rest of your review. Intro: Give basic information about what you’re reviewing; should be about 45-60 words. Just because a review consists of your opinion doesn’t mean that this part is not vital. Review: This is the base of your article. Pick the positives and negatives of what you are reviewing and write at least two or three solid paragraphs about it. Conclusion: Should be 30 words or less, like the lede. Needs to summarize briefly your entire review and hit key points that the reader should have picked up. Avoid directly re-stating what was said in the review, but make sure the reader knows where your opinion lies.

Review must have's: • A review should have general information about a product without giving away super specific details (pertinent to movies, TV shows, books, etc.). Remember: no spoilers! • Pros and cons about the product; maintain balance when reviewing the product. • If the product features no pros, instead of trashing it, offer solutions and potential changes that would have made it better. • If the product features no cons, give reasons that justify your claim about why the product is so great. Never state an opinion that is not justified.

Your goal in writing a review is to inform and entertain readers who might want to try what you’re reviewing. Make your explanation entertaining to keep the reader engaged and give interesting details that most wouldn’t usually think of. It is okay to write a negative review, but don’t rant. Reviews should be helpful tools for readers. Opinions are good, but an overbearing opinion can set off your reader.

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

VARIETY DESIGN Important tips to remember about design:

For Variety, design is very important. Layouts need to draw readers in -- creativity is key. Keep layouts new and don’t recycle old layouts from previous issues, except for reoccuring stories, such as QFAB and Cultural Buzz. The Variety section should be edgy. You need: • A cohesive spread that flows • Creative text that matches the theme of the article • Creative use of color • A large, dominant photo or design element that draws the reader’s attention

Tips for getting layout ideas:

Look at professional magazines and see what new designs they use. They can give you good layout ideas that are appealing to readers.

Multimedia: Multimedia plays an important role in the success of an online Variety article. If you want people to read it and enjoy it, it is important to make the packaging of an article appealing and accessible for online publication. Here are a few ideas for multimedia for Variety articles: • Spotify playlist of the album you’re reviewing • Embed to the trailer of movie you’re reviewing • Google Map of business you’re highlighting • Timeline of important events/accomplishments of the subject/person you’re profiling • Steller (digital storybook) • SoundCite audiobite(s) of interview •82VideoODYSSEY of the interview(s) or edperience; good for QFAB Media Group Handbook

SPORTS Traditionally, there are four types of sports stories: profile, game coverage, editorials and news-based. Profile stories highlight a specific person in the local sports community. Game coverage shows results and key plays of games. News stories cover all aspects of the sports realm. Editorials opinionize and highlight sports-related issues and solutions.

Photography Unlike a photographer that’s shooting an inanimate figure, a sports photographer is constantly monitoring his or her surroundings to capture any “moments.” A moment is described as any significant event related to the subject being photographed (a goal being scored, a fight breaking out, fan interaction, etc.). Game shots are always preferred over photos taken during practice.

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

HOW TO WRITE A SPORTS STORY The lede -- Don't bury it: The lede can be one of the most difficult things to write because it must capture the reader's attention. Unless you have already thought of a lede, it is easier to write your lede after most, if not all, of your story is written. Your lede should be 30 words or less. Introducing the issue -- Be a fan: Explain the issue. If you confuse readers or you are not clear, you will lose them. Use a quote from a professional if it adequately describes the situation. Readers are more likely to trust a professional’s word than yours. Most important quote -- Find the emotion: It should hint at the issue at hand and give readers a taste of what the article is about. Be sure to tie the quote into the story in a relevant manner. You can say the facts yourself, but let the emotion come directly from the source. Voice each side -- Let them talk: At this point in the article, you will need strong transitions to go from explaining what happened to getting into each sides opinion on the issue. Smooth transitions are key. Make sure to quote the most important people involved on each side. Be as clear and concise as possible. It will be much easier for your readers to figure out what’s going on in your story if you pay very careful attention to your use of pronouns. The conclusion -- End strong: The conclusion of your article has to give the reader a sense of closure on the issue. Using the second best quote to end the article is the most effective method. Your conclusion needs to look to the future. 84

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

Sports story writing tips 1. Find your angle -- the focus of your article. 2. Always interview the Athletic Director, head coach and athletes. 3. Check all statistics that are included in the article on Maxpreps or with coaches/teams. 4. Use strong action verbs. 5. Keep “discussion” of the sub-points of the article to a minimum. There is a clear distinction between reporting and editorializing. 6. Don’t use cliché phrases. 7. Refrain from any kind of “analysis” of the team, game or season. 8. A good sports article should read like the game is actually being played.

Interview questions If you were the reader, what would you want to know? Ask detailed and specific questions pertaining to the topic or issue. The coaches and administrators at CCHS are very easy to work with, and as long as you are flexible with them, they will be happy to do an interview with you. You do want to stay in good standings with them because if you do, they will give you more than enough information.

Fact check: Make certain all facts and statistics in the story are 100% correct. Make sure you don’t have contradicting facts from different sources. Interview all parties involved: Administrators Athletic Director Students Teachers Athletes Coaches Parents Doctors Trainers

Oftentimes, getting meaningful quotes from players is the hardest part of interviewing. You may have to ask the same question you have already asked to get a better response.

Live coverage! Sporting events of all kinds are often covered live on Instagram stories and Twitter. From games to scrimmages to signings, the ODYSSEY strives to cover events through social media. The person videoing and taking pictures will do so from the ODYSSEY Instagram (@odysseynewsmag). They should log with an opening photo or video of the event, letting viewers know where they are and when the event is taking place. Key games to cover are senior nights, Cedar vs. Central games, special games (Eve Carson, Teacher Appreciation Night) playoff and region games and other events, such as Homecoming and Prom.

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

SPORTS STYLE GUIDE WORDS THAT ARE CAPITALIZED: - JV team (an abbreviation after the first mention) - 1A Central State Championship, or 1A Central Conference (proper names) - Athletic Director Dr. Jon Ward and other titles WORDS THAT ARE NOT CAPITALIZED: - varsity team or junior varsity team - state meet, state tournament, state competition or state champion - coach or captain - freshman, sophomore, junior, senior ABBREVIATIONS: We only use abbreviations for schools on second reference. (Ex: CSHS, NOHS) CCHS: NEVER refer to it as “Central”, “Clarke Central” or “CC”. APOSTROPHES: In AP Style there is no apostrophe in the word "boys" or the word "girls." Write “the St. Gregory girls soccer team” or “the St. Gregory boys soccer team.” TO WRITE A TEAM RECORD: 11–6 (state # of wins first, # of losses second). Always specify if it’s total or only conference play. Stipulation for draws -- "For sports where there are draws, like soccer, add an additional dash and then the number of draws. For example, a team with 2 wins, 4 losses, and 1 draw would have a record of 2-4-1." TO WRITE SCORES: Scottsdale Christian over Greenfields 81–73. State the winning team first, even if the winning team is not the one most relevant to our audience.

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

SPORTS STYLE GUIDE ABSOLUTELY NO: 1. Editorializing sports stories (unless it is a sports-related editorial/column) 2. Never use "best" or "worst" 3. Avoid phrases such as "looks like they will be" 4. Do not express "congratulations" or "good luck" sentiments 5. Never refer to a CCHS team as "our team" 6. First person

NAMES IN PRINT: Position, First name, Last Name: head varsity tennis coach Stephen Hinson. In your first quote, use full name. After that, use only last name. —> example: first usage - Dr. John Menke —> subsequent usage – Menke NO: Judy or Jay (last names only) or Ms. Weller (use of titles) unless more than one source has the same last name or you’re writing a human interest story.

Sports briefs Make sure to use timely or timeless news for briefs. Examples of briefs are awards won, records set, future camps/games etc. Sports briefs typically appear on the website and are 300 words.

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

EXTRAS Star players To be a Star Player, an athlete has to have at least a 3.0 GPA, so keep that in mind when choosing star players. Make sure to have one girl and one boy from different sports, one varsity and one JV/C-team. Star Players goes at the end of the Sports section and includes a visual.

Coaching directory ATHLETIC DIRECTOR: Jon Ward wardjo@clarke.k12.ga.us

BASKETBALL (boys): Stefan Smith smiths@clarke.k12.ga.us

ATHLETIC TRAINER: Taylor Cherwinski cherwinskit@clarke.k12.ga.us

WRESTLING: Shane McCord mccords@clarke.k12.ga.us

Fall Sports

SWIMMING/ DIVING (boys and girls): Emily Hulse hulsee@clarke.k12.ga.us

FOOTBALL: David Perno pernod@clarke.k12.ga.us

Spring Sports

FLAG FOOTBALL: Cherrelle Pass passc@clarke.k12.ga.us

TRACK/FIELD : Justin Jones jonesju@clarke.k12.ga.us

VOLLEYBALL: Stacey Scott holmess@clarke.k12.ga.us

SOCCER (girls): Jacob Baxley baxleyj@clarke.k12.ga.us

CROSS COUNTRY: Erica Mandell-Cascio cascioe@clarke.k12.ga.us

SOCCER (boys): Chris Aiken aikenc@clarke.k12.ga.us

SOFTBALL: Will Lance lancew@clarke.k12.ga.us

BASEBALL: Jerry Boatner boatnerj@clarke.k12.ga.us

FOOTBALL CHEERLEADING: Sophia Campbell campbells2@clarke.k12.ga.us

TENNIS (boys and girls): Elliot Slane slanee@clarke.k12.ga.us

BASKETBALL CHEERLEADING: LaToya Jewell jewelll@clarke.k12.ga.us

GOLF (boys and girls): Stephen Howard howardst@clarke.k12.ga.us

Winter Sports

BASS FISHING: Christian Barner barnerc@clarke.k12.ga.us

BASKETBALL (girls): Carla Johnson johnsoncar@clarke.k12.ga.us

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

STORY LIST AND DEFINITONS Q&A - Can occur in the Variety or News sections of the Newsmagazine. Similar to reading the transcript of an interview, it allows the reader to see the conversation between a reporter and source. 5 things to know - A segment in the Sports section of the ODYSSEY Newsmagazine that showcases a sport that is not being represented in the current issue. A Sports Staffer will be assigned the job of interviewing an athlete that can speak on five unique things people should know about that sport that the student body may find interesting. 5 things to know can also occur in the Variety Section of the Newsmagazine where five interesting facts about a different topic are shared. By the numbers - Typically posted in the Sports section of the website. Can occur alone or as a part of a package. Key numbers of statistical-based stories are compiled into lists for simplicity and context. These can help with data visualization by presenting interesting, numerically-based bits of information to the reader. Thumbs - A segment in the Viewpoints section of the Newsmagazine where the Viewpoints Staff and Print Cabinet compile a list of positive News going into the Newsmagazine and a list of negative News/issues going into the Newsmagazine. The Viewpoints Staff then creates a new catchy headline and includes the deck to give the readers an idea of what the articles are about. Star Players - A segment in the Sports section that showcases two Clarke Central High School star athletes each issue (one female and one male). These athletes are decided by their performance in their respective sports and G.P.A. The segment consists of quotes from the athlete about their experience playing their sport and one quote from their coach. Infographics - A graphic with facts and information attached. Timelines - Typically featured with a story. Timelines recap events chronologically and can explain what has happened relating to the story so far. Question of the Month - In each issue, the Viewpoints Staff is responsible for making a question that relates to the season, theme or current events happening when the issue is expected to be released. The staff then collects answers from the Clarke Central High School community (a student from each grade level and a faculty member). In Focus - A recurring segment in the Newsmagazine where an ODYSSEY staff photographer showcases a community-related photo that has no tie to an article in the magazine itself.

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

GLOSSARY 5 Things to Know - Caption

5 things to know: A segment in the Sports section of the Newsmagazine that showcases a sport that is not being represented in the current issue. A Sports Staffer will be given the job of interviewing an athlete that can speak on five unique things people should know about a sport that the student body may find interesting. Abbreviations: In most cases, do not abbreviate words unless you have previously spelled them out in your article. • Do abbreviate the U.S. when used as a noun or location • Do not abbreviate names of states unless it is in a caption • Do abbreviate months when not followed by a specified date and do not abbreviate March, April, May, June or July • Do not abbreviate the days of the week Address: When sending a letter, you need to label the envelope with an address. The address should be ordered with the recipient’s name on the top line, followed by a second line containing the street address and a bottom line with the city, state and zip code.

Bleeds: When using InDesign, to ensure that your visuals meet the edges of a magazine page when printed, you must drag the visual so that it expands onto the red line that outlines the page’s limit on the InDesign file. Blurbs: Blurbs are short articles that are 150 words. Blurbs are usually used in the Cultural Buzz segment of the Newsmagazine's Variety section in the forms of small reviews. Brief: Short articles that normally range from 275 to 300 words. Briefs supply content for the website and provide readers with updates on school developments that have occurred between each issue. Byline: A line of text that names the writer of an article. We use bylines for articles, visuals and designs in both the Newsmagazine and online.

Capitalization: We do capitalize: proper nouns, official class courses, athletic teams, Freshman Academy, Advanced Placement, JV and college degrees when abbreviated. ODYSSEY is always written in all AP Style: The ODYSSEY Media Group uses AP capital letters, Media Group is capitalized, iliad is Style to obtain consistency, clarity and conciselowercase. ness throughout our copy. • We do not capitalize: a.m./p.m., freshman, sophomore, junior, senior, seasons, sports, a Beats: Each staffer is assigned a club, department player’s position or a team’s competitive level. or school occurrence each semester that they will • Departments: We only capitalize the English report on every three weeks with a brief that is department but we never capitalize the word between 275-300 words. Along with a final draft “department” itself. Use “foriegn language decontaining at least two sources and hyperlinks, partment”. staffers need to submit audio from their interviews along with transcriptions, a photo that is Caption: Text that accompanies visuals to give relevant to their piece and a caption. Beats are them a stronger connection to the article or piece mostly published on the ODYSSEY website. that they are attached to. Captions are formatted

Corrections and omissions - In focus as three sentences: the first sentence tells what is currently happening in the visual in the present tense, the second gives background or past information for structure in the past tense and the final sentence should be a quote from someone related to the visual who can supply further context. The quote can be more than one-sentence. Copy: The main body text found in an article. Corrections and Omissions: A piece that can be found in the Viewpoints section of the ODYSSEY Newsmagazine where the Newsmagazine staff recognizes and corrects copy and content errors made in the previously released issue and will be featured on the ODYSSEY Website. Cultural Buzz: A segment in the Variety section that compiles a diverse collection of reviews on the latest music, movies, shows, apps and more in the style of blurbs that range from 100 to 300 words in length. Deck: A brief preview of an article located beneath the headline. The deck introduces the general idea of a piece in one to two sentences without giving away all of the 5W's and H. Drafts: During each Production cycle for the Production class, writers must turn in a rough draft and a final draft to their respective editors. Both drafts will have their own deadline date assigned at the beginning of the Production cycle.

personal blog or editorial to be featured in the Newsmagazine. Blogs are a personal type of piece that cover a topic that the writer is opinionated about or can speak on with personal experience. F-Stop/Aperture: This setting controls the size of the opening that light can pass through to your camera. The higher the F-stop, the smaller the hole which results in a darker image. Ghosts: The Newsmagazine uses a small graphic of the ODYSSEY “O” as a ghost for the end of the articles. Ghosts signify when an article has come to an end. Graphics: A computer-generated visual. Headline: An article title should be short and sweet while also giving the reader a hint to what the article is about. A common format used for headlines is “blanking the blank”; puns and alliteration can also be captivating headlines for a story. Headshot: A close-up portrait of a staff member's face will commonly accompany pieces found in the Viewpoints section to further identify writers and guests in the Question of the Month or Thumbs segments. Illustrator: An Adobe program that allows staffers to create illustrations and art that can be used as visuals for both ODYSSEY publications.

Editorial: An opinionated article about a specific subject. Editorials are not emotionally driven rants. Just like any other article, they must be supported with facts and information.

InDesign: An Adobe program that staffers mainly use to design layouts and spreads for the Newsmagazine.

Feature: An in-depth piece that combines the hard facts of a News article with the human interest values of a Variety article to make a captivating 900-1200-word story.

In Focus: A recurring segment in the Newsmagazine where photographers from the ODYSSEY staff can showcase a community-related photograph that has no tie to an article in the magazine itself occompanied with a caption.

Fresh Voice: A segment in the Newsmagazine's Viewpoints section where a J1 staffer writes a

Infographics - nut graph Infographics: A graphic with facts and information attached. Interviews: Interviews should feel like a natural conversation between two people. The interviewer needs to come prepared with a list of questions/concepts that will help guide them throughout their interview. If your subject cannot meet in person, try to schedule a phone interview or a Zoom or Google Meet call before resorting to email interviews. You always need to transcribe your interviews word for word. Always ask to record before you begin conducting the interview. Ask who, what, when, where, why and how questions. Be attentive and ready to stray away from your questions. ISO: This setting controls how sensitively one’s camera reacts to light. A lower ISO setting works better for bright environments while higher ISO settings work better for darker environments. Kerning: The spacing between letters when it comes to design. Layout: The full design of an article including all of the copy, visuals and attributions. Leading: The spacing between lines when it comes to design. Lede: The first two to three sentences of an article that hook the reader into the story and introduce them to the subject of the article. It should be 30 words at most and quick to the point. Letter from the Editor: In each issue of the Newsmagazine, the Editor-in-Chief is each allotted a page for a 500-600-word editorial. Letter to the Editor: In each issue of the Newsmagazine, the Viewpoints Staff compiles letters from members of the Clarke 92

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

Central High School community. The Letters to the Editor page contains four - five letters that express opinions on an article from each section of the previously published magazine. Masthead: A list of a newspaper or magazine’s editorial board, staffers, mission statements and policies. Menu items: On the last Thursday of every month, staffers must turn in one of the following options. Over the course of the year, each staffer will have completed eight different stories. • Photo essay • Photo gallery • Hype video • Broadcast video • Review • 300 word story • Event coverage + gallery • Hot Topic • Profile • News story (minimum 500 words) • Podcast • Blog (or vlog) • Breaking news/briefs/coverage story • Editorial/satire • THREE scenes Numbers: For the most part, when using ODYSSEY style, spell out any numbers below 10. Use numerals when using numbers 10 and higher. The same ruling goes for ordinal numbers. Always spell out numbers when they are at the beginning of a sentence. • Age and money: Numerals • Time: Use numerals except when referring to “noon” and “midnight” and use a colon to separate hours and minutes. • Scores/Team Records: numerals (EX: CCHS beat Martinsburg High School 11-7) Nut Graph: Following the lede of an article is a small transition paragraph that displays the news

our take - quotes value of a piece after the appeal factor has been introduced. Our Take: A non-bylined editorial located in the Viewpoints section of the Newsmagazine that displays the staff ’s opinion on a subject matter. Package: A package is an innovative way to convey news, profiles, editorials etc. to a broader audience. It is a visual form of storytelling that is shown through various forms of multimedia on the website. Photoshop: An Adobe program that allows staffers to edit visuals before placing them in a layout. Pitches: Each time a new Production cycle begins in class, all staffers need to complete fully formatted pitches for two original brainstorm ideas they believe can become viable articles. A pitch specifies the who, what, when, where, why, how, angle, stakeholders and visuals the writer intends for an article to have. The Cabinet will decide which pitches writers should pursue. Pull Quote: A quote from the copy of an article that has been enlarged to break up text and draw the reader’s attention. Punctuation: • Apostrophe: Used in place of omitted letters or in conjunctions to signify possession. The only section allowed to use contractions is Viewpoints. For proper nouns ending in “s,” no additional “s” is needed after the apostrophe (e.g., James' dog, not James's dog). • Brackets: DO NOT DO IT • Colon: The most frequent use of a colon is at the end of a sentence to introduce lists. Try to avoid using colons. Dramatic emphasis: The colon often can be effective in giving emphasis.

• Comma: Use commas to separate items in a series but do not use a comma before the conjunction at the end of a series. Also, use commas to separate equal adjectives. When a conjunction such as “and”, “but” or “for” links two clauses that could stand alone as separate sentences, use a comma before the conjunction in most cases. Use commas to set off information such as an age or hometown when being placed in apposition to a name. Avoid using oxford commas. • Dashes: Use dashes to make abrupt changes in a sentence. • Hyphen: Use hyphens to connect two or more words so that they can act as an adjective to another word. • Semicolon: Use semicolons to separate elements of a series when the items in the series are long or when individual segments contain material that also must be set off by commas. To link independent clauses: Use a semicolon when a coordinating conjunction such as ‘and,’ ‘but’ or ‘for’ is not present. Unless a particular literary effect is desired, however, the better approach in these circumstances is to break the independent clauses into separate sentences. (Ex: I have school tomorrow; I can't stay up late.) Question of the Month: Each issue, the Viewpoints Staff is responsible for making a question that relates to the season, theme or current events happening when the issue is expected to be released. The staff then collects answers from the Clarke Central High School community. Quotes: After an interview, writers are responsible for transcribing the interview word for word. The interviewee’s statements can be used as quotes in the writer’s article unless the source asked to go off the record before their statements were given. If in a quote, the source refers to someone with a pronoun, the writer may need to ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

Reviews - widow replace that pronoun with a title and a name to clarify who the source is speaking about. Ex: “He likes pickles,” Smith said. BECOMES “(Junior John Spark) likes pickles,” Smith said. • Format one: “Transcribed word-for-word quote,” source said. • Format two: “Transcribed word-for-word quote,” source said. “Transcribed word-forword quote.” Reviews: A 300 word blurb that critiques relevant music, restaurants, apps and other pieces of pop culture. Shutter Speed: This setting controls how long the camera’s shutter is open for. Spread: A story layout that is spread over two pages side-by-side.

Titles: An introduction to a new source being cited within an article. • When you first introduce a source in an article, you need to introduce them with a full title and their first and last name. Titles are placed before a person’s name (Ex: Junior Shana Pierce). • If a title is extremely long, list the source’s name, follow it with a comma and the long title and then end it with another comma along with the rest of the sentence (Ex: Shana Pierce, social studies department chair and nationally acclaimed puppet enthusiast ranked fifth in the nation, said.) • If a title is formal, it must be capitalized. If a title is informal or does not have a name attached, then it should not be capitalized. Tombstoning: The placing of a headline on the center of a page. DON'T DO IT.

Star Players: A segment in the Sports section that showcases two Clarke Central High School star Tracking: The spacing between words when it athletes each issue. These athletes are decided by comes to design. their performance in their respective sports and GPA. Transition: Text that guides readers from one quote to another in an article. Never restate what Stroke: An InDesign tool that allows you to was said in the previous quote or what is going change the weight of lines, text boxes and shapes. to be in the next quote. Transitions need to fill in the information that sources do not explicitly Text Wrap: An InDesign tool that allows users to give in their quotes and be no longer than 70 wrap text around an embedded object such as a words. photo or shape. Typeface: The font style used throughout a pubThumbs: A segment in the Viewpoints section lication. of the Newsmagazine where the ODYSSEY staff compiles a list of positive news going into the Visuals: Photographs, graphics, infographics, issue and a list of negative news going into the cartoons, drawings or art. Do not use them for issue. The Viewpoints Staff then creates a new the purpose of filling in space. Visuals are meant catchy headline and blurb about each story to to give further context to an article. give the readers an idea of what the articles are about. Widow: When the last line of a paragraph doesn't have enough space in a text box/column, so it sits at the top of the next page all by itself. 94

ODYSSEY Media Group Handbook

2023-2024 ODYSSEY Staff Contract Name _________________________________________________

Date ________________

Participation in the ODYSSEY Media Group and Journalism 1 class requires students to take responsibility and exhibit a high degree of maturity and good judgment. As members of a group that produces a concrete product that will be distributed to and read both by students and adults, those named to the staff can expect to be held to accepted journalistic standards and ethical practices. As individuals, they are recognized by many as representatives of the OMG program, whether actually on assignment or not. Signing this document shows that you agree to the rules listed below: 1. I will not take advantage of the freedom given to staff members to leave class in order to cover assignments. I will not use journalistic duties as an excuse for doing assignments for other classes, playing around outside of class, disturbing other classes, or leaving campus. 2. I will meet deadlines for assignments, revisions, and other class projects. If I find that it may be difficult or impossible to meet a deadline, I will inform the editor and/or adviser at the earliest possible moment, realizing that there may be consequences in the form of my grade for my inability to meet said deadline. 3. I agree to show loyalty to the staff and the ODYSSEY Media Group. I will not “put down” the publication or staff decisions. Likewise, I will not make use of any privileged information I may have gained in an unethical, unkind or “gossiping” way outside of Room 231. I will respect the integrity of my sources, publication, the ethic of my fellow staffers and will work to promote unity rather than division within the team, which strives for excellence. I agree to provide coverage within the publication that is at all times fair, accurate, and balanced. I will not submit work that is in any way libelous, contemptuous, obscene, or in questionable taste. 4. As a representative of the OMG, I agree to abide by standards of professionalism, avoiding rudeness and disrespect to students, faculty, guests and those whom we interview. I realize the ability of a student press to cover sensitive issues may be questioned if individual staff members are observed acting in an unprofessional or irresponsible manner. 5. I understand that as an OMG staff member/Journalism 1 student, I will need to accept story and work assignments that require out-of-school time to complete. I agree to spend the time necessary, at the time it is necessary, for optimum progress and to meet the deadlines of the class. I further agree that if I am ill or unavoidably absent when my assignments are due, I will notify the editor and adviser as soon as possible and make the necessary arrangements to complete the work. 6. I will wear my staff press pass every day to class and bring my personally-issued OMG Staff Handbook each day. I will maintain the cleanliness of my work station in the computer lab and my section table within Room 231. 7. As a representative of the OMG, I will be offered opportunities to attend off-campus field trips. I understand that breaking Mr. Ragsdale’s rules on field trips or disobedience on a field trip, including refusal to adhere to trip policies or not attending field trip classes at conferences. 8. I will not discuss OMG problems with people outside of class who cannot be a part of the solution. I will take my concerns to Mr. Ragsdale. The OMG follows the Clarke Central Restorative Justice protocols to process such issues. I understand that failure to abide by the terms of this contract can result in negative consequences in my grade for this class and could lead to my dismissal from the staff or other disciplinary action. By signing this contract, we agree that the student will comply with staff policies and will not commit the violations outlined above. Signed _____________________________________________ Date_________________________ (student) Signed_____________________________________________ Date_________________________

(faculty adviser)