Amounts mobilised from the private sector by official development finance interventions in 2018-19 Highlights August 2021
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Cet ouvrage est publié sous la responsabilité du Secrétaire général de l’OCDE. Les opinions et les interpretations exprimées ne reflètent pas nécessairement les vues officielles des pays membres de l’OCDE. Ce document, ainsi que les données et cartes qu'il peut comprendre, sont sans préjudice du statut de tout territoire, de la souveraineté s’exerçant sur ce dernier, du tracé des frontières et limites internationales, et du nom de tout territoire, ville ou région. 2
Close to USD 50 billion were mobilised for development in 2018-19 by official development finance 2012-2019
2018-2019
USD billion
USD billion
50.7 46.4
4.8
10%
40.1 35.4
27.7 15.3
19.4
17.1
14.0
22.7
35%
29%
6.5
13%
2.0 4.0
4%
8%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Guarantees
Syndicated loans
Shares in CIVs
Direct investment in companies and SPVs
Credit lines
Simple co-financing
In 2012-19, USD 257.6 billion were mobilised from the private sector by official development finance interventions. The data show an upward trend between 2012 and 2018, followed by an 9% decrease in 2019. In 2018-19, direct investment in companies (DICs) or special purpose vehicles (SPVs) mobilised over a third of private finance (35%), followed by guarantees (29%), syndicated loans (13%), credit lines (10%), shares in collective investment vehicles (CIVs; 8%) and simple co-financing (4%). NB: Reporting on private mobilisation is part of regular OECD DAC data collection since 2017 but information is still collected on an ad-hoc basis for a few institutions. The increases in the amounts mobilised through syndicated loans in 2014 and DIC/SPVs in 2016 are mainly explained by improved data coverage.
Amounts mobilised from the private sector OECD statistics on development finance oe.cd/mobilisation
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While mobilised private finance was evenly distributed across regions, 12% went to LDCs and other LICs Amounts mobilised from the private sector by region 2018-19 average, USD billion Europe USD 7.6 billion (16%)
Asia and Oceania USD 15.0 billion 31% Latin America and the Caribbean USD 9.2 billion (19%)
Unallocated or unspecified USD 3.1 billion (6%)
Africa USD 13.8 billion (28%)
Top recipients 3.8
2.9
2.6
2.4
By income group 2.3
2.3
2.1
1.5
1.2
India Turkey China Brazil Argen Ukraine Egypt Colom South tina bia Africa Guarantees
Syndicated loans
19.5 (48%)
UMICs
Shares in CIVs
1.2
Viet Nam
LDCs and LICs
Direct investment in companies and SPVs
Amounts mobilised from the private sector OECD statistics on development finance oe.cd/mobilisation
16.1 (40%)
LMICs 4.7 (12%) Credit lines
Simple co-financing
4
4
58% of the amounts mobilised targeted the financial and energy sectors, only 8% social sectors Amounts mobilised by sector 2018-19 average, USD billion Energy
Transport and storage Communications
Agriculture, forestry and fishing Tourism Water and sanitation Health and population Education Other social infrastructure and services Government and civil society
Multisector, cross-cutting (2%)
Other multisector
General environmental protection
Other, unspecified (2%) Guarantees
3.6 (7%) 0.5 (1%)
Syndicated loans
Other and unspecified Shares in CIVs
1.9 (4%) 0.3 (1%) 1.5 (3%) 0.7 (1%) 0.7 (1%) 0.6 (1%) 0.2 (0.4%) 0.4 (1%) 0.4 (1%) 1.1 (2%)
Direct investment in companies and SPVs
Amounts mobilised from the private sector OECD statistics on development finance oe.cd/mobilisation
58%
8.3 (17%)
Industry, mining and construction
Production sectors (22%)
Social infrastructure and services (8%)
16.6 (34%) 11.6 (24%)
Banking and business services
Economic infrastructure and services (67%)
Credit lines
Simple co-financing
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Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) remain major actors, but bilateral providers played an important role too Amounts mobilised by provider 2018-19 average, USD billion
Bilateral providers United States France United Kingdom Netherlands Germany Denmark Sweden Japan Finland Spain Austria Norway Other
0.7 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2
5.4
2.8
1.2
MDBs 33.7 (69%)
Other multilateral providers (2.5) 5% Bilateral providers 12.3 (25%)
Multilateral providers IFC EBRD EU Institutions MIGA IBRD/IDA AsDB AfDB IADBG PIDG GEF CGIF GCF Other
0.9 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.4
1.4
2.0
2.4
3.0 3.0
3.5
6.3
12.1
Guarantees Syndicated loans Shares in CIVs Direct investment in companies and SPVs Credit lines Simple co-financing
For the purpose of the OECD statistics on amounts mobilised from the private sector, FMO is considered official, in line with the OECD DAC definition of official transactions. However, in the National Accounts System (NAS) of the Netherlands, FMO is registered as a private, independent bank. The International Finance Corporation (IFC) does not consider guarantees as part of its core mobilisation but rather as financing from its own account. For comprehensiveness and comparability purposes, however, it was agreed that the information would be presented in the OECD analyses along other institutions’ mobilisation effect through guarantees.
Amounts mobilised from the private sector OECD statistics on development finance oe.cd/mobilisation
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Focus on bilateral providers USD 12.3 bn mobilised per year in 2018-19 Amounts mobilised by bilateral providers per agency 2018-19 average, USD million
OPIC (United States) Proparco (France) US AID (United States) AFD (France) FMO (Netherlands) CDC (United Kingdom) IFU (Denmark) KfW and BMZ (Germany) DFID (United Kingdom) DEG (Germany) Sida (Sweden) BEIS (United Kingdom) JICA (Japan) Finnfund (Finland) OeEB (Austria) Cofides (Spain) Norfund (Norway) SIFEM (Switzerland) BIO (Belgium) SOFID (Portugal) Other bilateral agencies
4,342 1,997 1,046 750 732 704 572 469 332 233 196 158 119 117 87 76 68 49 47 46 190
EDFIs 4,769 (39%)
12.3
Aid agencies 2,616 (21%)
OPIC (United States) 4,342 (35%)
Ministries and government departments 607 (5%)
Guarantees Syndicated loans Shares in CIVs Direct investment in companies and SPVs Credit lines Simple co-financing
For the purpose of the OECD statistics on amounts mobilised from the private sector, FMO is considered official, in line with the OECD DAC definition of official transactions. However, in the National Accounts System (NAS) of the Netherlands, FMO is registered as a private, independent bank.
Amounts mobilised from the private sector OECD statistics on development finance oe.cd/mobilisation
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Energy sector USD 11.6 bn mobilised from the private sector 2018-19 average, USD million
By provider
Top 10 recipients 1,224 1,077
Bilateral providers United States United Kingdom France Germany Netherlands Sweden Denmark Austria Canada Norway Switzerland Finland Other
886 533 438 402 273 137 39 MDBs 32 8,085 (70%) 23 12 10 7 8
Other multilateral providers 695 (6%) Bilateral providers 2,800 (24%)
Guarantees
By income group UMICs
3,819
LDCs and LICs
1,225
By sub-sector 1,476 1,281 1,200 941
740 408 228 188 171 262
1,396
Non-renewable energy Transmission and distribution Policy and administrative management, unspecified
Solar 18%
Shares in CIVs
8,710
Renewable energy
1,885
Syndicated loans
5,736
LMICs
Multilateral providers IBRD/IDA IFC AsDB MIGA EBRD EU Institutions IADBG PIDG CIFs GCF Other
786 774 686 560 483 400 396 375
Wind 17%
Hydro 12%
839 635
GeoBiofuels thermal; 5% 3%
Direct investment in companies and SPVs
Amounts mobilised from the private sector OECD statistics on development finance oe.cd/mobilisation
Credit lines
Natural Heavy fuel Gas; 7% oil; 1%
Simple co-financing
8
LDCs and other LICs USD 4.7 bn mobilised from the private sector 2018-19 average, USD million
By provider
Top 10 recipients 592
Bilateral providers
172
United Kingdom Netherlands
109
Sweden
108
Portugal
24 23
Germany
20
Canada
11
MDBs 3,286 (70%)
Bilateral providers 1,047 (23%)
80
1,209
IFC
946
MIGA
101
IFAD
92
AsDB
92
EU Institutions Other Guarantees
997
Banking and business services
788 464 320
Agriculture, forestry and fishing
284
Communications
60 92 Syndicated loans
1,225
Industry, mining and construction
Transport and storage
224
AfDB
145 132
By sector
Water and sanitation
806
PIDG
178
Energy
Multilateral providers
IBRD/IDA
232
Other multilateral providers 335 (7%)
49
Japan
Other
389 380 358
199
United States
Finland
493 479
284
France
84
Government and civil society
72
Other multisector
58
Other sectors Shares in CIVs
Direct investment in companies and SPVs
Amounts mobilised from the private sector OECD statistics on development finance oe.cd/mobilisation
184
Health and population
191 Credit lines
Simple co-financing
9
AFRICA USD 13.8 billion from the private sector 2018-19 average, USD million
By provider
Top 10 recipients 2,129
Bilateral providers 1,184 944
France United States
537
United Kingdom Netherlands Sweden Germany Finland Portugal Denmark Switzerland Other
1,226 1,087
190 182 143 74 56 35 25 60
MDBs 9,867 (72%)
Other multilateral providers 491 (4%) Bilateral providers 3,431 (25%)
2,498
IFC
1,959 1,699
AfDB EU Institutions
MIGA PIDG IFAD GEF GCF NDF
Guarantees
217 83 68 54 2 Syndicated loans
UMICs
1,498
LMICs
5,797
Shares in CIVs
3,621
By sector Banking and business services Industry, mining and construction Energy Transport and storage Water and sanitation Agriculture, forestry and fishing Education Other social infrastructure and… Communications Other multisector Other sectors
1,300 1,284 1,196
IBRD/IDA
By income group LDCs and LICs
Multilateral providers
EBRD
638 592 493 479 471 458 380
Direct investment in companies and SPVs
Amounts mobilised from the private sector OECD statistics on development finance oe.cd/mobilisation
1,019 533 494 201 190 180 169 468
Credit lines
3,041 2,803
4,691
Simple co-financing
10
10
AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN USD 9.2 billion mobilised from the private sector 2018-19 average, USD million
By provider
Top 10 recipients 2,367 2,331
1,461
Bilateral providers 703
France Netherlands Spain Germany Denmark Japan Belgium United Kingdom Switzerland Other
798
2,024
United States
133 95 85 43 33 30 19 16 95
MDBs 5,418 (59%)
Other multilateral providers 567 (6%) Bilateral providers 3,211 (35%)
2,313
IFC
1,429 1,077
IBRD/IDA
599
EU Institutions MIGA CIFs GEF Other
Guarantees
273 188 62 44 Syndicated loans
By income group UMICs
LMICs LDCs and LICs
8,191 505 35
By sector
Multilateral providers IADBG
384 256 247 238 163 127
Shares in CIVs
Energy Banking and business services Industry, mining and construction Transport and storage Agriculture, forestry and fishing Other and unspecified Tourism General environmental protection Education Other multisector Other sectors
Direct investment in companies and SPVs
Amounts mobilised from the private sector OECD statistics on development finance oe.cd/mobilisation
586 299 140 107 48 45 32 98 Credit lines
1,486
3,398 2,957
Simple co-financing
11
11
ASIA AND OCEANIA USD 15 billion mobilised from the private sector 2018-19 average, USD million
By provider
Top 10 recipients
Bilateral providers United Kingdom Germany France Netherlands Denmark Japan Sweden Austria Korea Other
3,847
1,870
United States
425 398 334 197 130 53 46 18 13 36
MDBs 10,003 (67%)
2,614
Bilateral providers 3,519 (24%)
5,456
IFC MIGA PIDG EU Institutions EBRD
CGIF GEF GCF IBRD/IDA Other
Guarantees
2,443
UMICs
Shares in CIVs
4,679
LMICs
7,440 1,010
By sector Banking and business services Industry, mining and construction Energy Transport and storage Water and sanitation Agriculture, forestry and fishing Education Other social infrastructure and… Communications Other multisector Other sectors
814 635 595 561 427 147 136 131 81 Syndicated loans
By income group LDCs and LICs
Multilateral providers AsDB
1,181 864 599 389 383 382 376 359
Other multilateral providers 1,424 (10%)
Direct investment in companies and SPVs
Amounts mobilised from the private sector OECD statistics on development finance oe.cd/mobilisation
1,019 533 494 201 190 180 169 468
Credit lines
3,041 2,803
4,691
Simple co-financing
12
12
EUROPE USD 7.6 billion mobilised from the private sector 2018-19 average, USD million
By provider
Top 5 recipients 2,865
Bilateral providers United States
171
Netherlands
149
France
129
Germany
33
Finland
28
Austria
24
Other
13
2,277
1,039
180 Bilateral providers 546 (7%)
MDBs 6,994 (93%)
Turkey
Ukraine
IFC
766
MIGA
727
500
Other
13
Guarantees
Syndicated loans
5,085 2,405
Industry, mining and construction Banking and business services Energy Transport and storage Agriculture, forestry and fishing Communications Water and sanitation Health and population Other social infrastructure and… Government and civil society Other sectors
620
52
Shares in CIVs
Bosnia and Herzegovina
By sector
4,329
EBRD
CoEB
Serbia
UMICs
Multilateral providers
IBRD/IDA
Albania
By income group LMICs
EU Institutions
835
Direct investment in companies and SPVs
Amounts mobilised from the private sector OECD statistics on development finance oe.cd/mobilisation
131 87 73 72 72 33
541
Credit lines
1,106 977
2,344 2,119
Simple co-financing
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For more information oe.cd/mobilisation http://www.oecd.org/dac/financing-sustainable-development/development-financestandards/mobilisation.htm
Contact
cecile.SANGARE@oecd.org tomas.HOS@oecd.org