Private Philanthropy for Development in 2017
January 2019
Development Co-operation Directorate
OECD DAC statistics on private philanthropy The OECD Development Co-operation Directorate (DCD) has a proven experience in collecting data on development finance, with a specific focus on Official Development Assistance (ODA). The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation has been reporting its development activities to the OECD on a regular basis since 2010, followed by the United Postcode Lotteries in the Netherlands, Sweden and the United Kingdom in 2017. In order to explore the feasibility of expanding the coverage of its statistics on private philanthropy for development, in 2016-17 the OECD carried out a largescale survey which gathered grant-level information from more than 140 philanthropic foundations worldwide. For comparability purposes, these data were collected according to the same standards as for ODA flows. The main results of this survey are presented in the OECD Report on Private Philanthropy for Development and the Working Paper on Foundations’ Giving for Development, both published in early 2018. Building on the encouraging results of the survey, the OECD DCD has been reaching out to the largest philanthropic foundations working for development to establish regular and sustainable data sharing partnerships on their grant making and programme-related investments. As a result, in 2018, 22 new foundations started reporting to the OECD on a regular basis, bringing the number of foundations included in the OECD DAC statistics on development finance to 261. This booklet provides an overview of the main features of these foundations’ activities in 2017. This new expanded set of data on private philanthropy2, presented alongside official development finance interventions from bilateral and multilateral providers, makes OECD DAC statistics a unique source of information on broader development finance, which can in turn help the development community build innovative partnerships for the SDGs. 1:
In the 2016 survey, spending from these 26 foundations represented approximately two-thirds of the total. OECD DAC Statistics, accessible at https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=crs1 and http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=DV_DCD_PPFD.
2:
PRIVATE PHILANTHROPY FOR DEVELOPMENT | OECD Development Co-operation Directorate
3
In 2017, the 26 foundations provided USD 6.1 billion for development Still modest compared to ODA in 2017… USD billion, gross disbursements
… but key in health sectors USD billion, commitments
United States
8.3
PHILANTHROPY
3.7
World Bank: IDA
Official Development Assistance (ODA)
2.1
Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance
1.5
United Kingdom
1.5
from countries
USD 178.4 bn
Private philanthropy for development USD 6.1 bn
EU Institutions
1.2
Global Fund
0.9
Germany
0.8
Canada
0.5
WHO
0.5
Korea
0.4
Japan
0.3
Sweden
0.3
Norway
0.3
UNICEF
0.2
Health Population & reproductive health
The 26 foundations as a group were the second largest funder in the health and reproductive health sectors. 62% of these foundations’ contributions to the health sectors were extended in support of infectious disease control (e.g. poliomyelitis, malaria, tuberculosis, STDs incl. HIV/AIDS). Source: OECD DAC Statistics.
PRIVATE PHILANTHROPY FOR DEVELOPMENT | 4 OECD Development Co-operation Directorate
The BMGF remains the most generous philanthropic foundation… … but other foundations also proved to be very active, such as the United Postcode Lotteries and the MasterCard Foundation.
USD million, gross disbursements, 2017
BMGF
Other United States and Canada
Europe
3,800
19% 19% 364 278
Source: OECD DAC Statistics.
254 244 207
USD 6,1 billion 62%
185 119 111
80 71 57 51 50 50 38 31 30 24 18 17 15 14 12
PRIVATE PHILANTHROPY FOR DEVELOPMENT | 5 OECD Development Co-operation Directorate
Africa was the most targeted region Private philanthropy in Africa represented 29% of the total in 2017. Gross disbursements, 2017
EUROPE USD 0.03 bn 0.4%
Bilateral Multilateral
AMERICA
OCEANIA
USD 0.2 bn 3%
USD 0.01 bn 0.1%
AFRICA USD 1.8 bn 29%
TOP 5 (60%) Brazil; Mexico; Peru; Colombia; Haiti
UNALLOCABLE* USD 3.1 bn 51%
ASIA USD 1.0 bn 16%
TOP 5 (34%) Nigeria; Ethiopia; Kenya; Uganda; Tanzania
Top 5 countries
TOP 5 (75%) India; Pakistan; China; Indonesia Bangladesh
Other and regional
*: Unallocable includes activities addressing global challenges and core funding to NGOs and multilateral organisations.
59% of philanthropic funding benefitted middle-income countries (MICs). Private philanthropy (country-allocable) by income group, USD billion, gross disbursements, 2017 UMICs
0.3
LMICs Other LICs
0.9 0.1
LDCs
0.7 Other foundations
Source: OECD DAC Statistics.
BMGF PRIVATE PHILANTHROPY FOR DEVELOPMENT | 6 OECD Development Co-operation Directorate
Health was by far the main sector, largely driven by the BMGF USD million, gross disbursements, 2017 3,088
HEALTH & REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 531
AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, FISHING
473
GOVERNMENT & CIVIL SOCIETY*
329
EDUCATION ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
278
HUMANITARIAN AID
265
BANKING AND FINANCIAL SERVICE
232
WATER AND SANITATION
122
OTHER SOC. INFRA. AND SERVICES
121
OTHER
NON-ALLOCABLE
225
588 Other foundations
BMGF
*: Government and civil society sector includes human rights, democratic participation and civil society, media and free flow of information, public finance management, legal and judicial development, support to women’s equality organisations, ending violence against women and girls etc.
If the BMGF is excluded, health and reproductive health still remain the most targeted sectors by philanthropic foundations, followed by government & civil society, education, environmental protection and humanitarian aid. Source: OECD DAC Statistics.
PRIVATE PHILANTHROPY FOR DEVELOPMENT | 7 OECD Development Co-operation Directorate
38% of philanthropic funds were channelled through NGOs and CSOs
BMGF 44%
Provider country- based NGOs 49%
26 foundations
38%
BMGF 63%
BMGF 92%
United Nations 47%
Recipient countrybased NGOs 17%
NGOs and civil society
20%
28%
Universities, research institutes, think tanks etc.
Multilateral organisations
Other
For-profit private sector 7%
Source: OECD DAC Statistics.
Gavi 30%
Partner countries
Other Foundations 56%
Other 23%
Other foundations 37%
International NGOs 34%
14% Networks and PPPs 5%
Governments 2%
PRIVATE PHILANTHROPY FOR DEVELOPMENT | 8 OECD Development Co-operation Directorate
Philanthropic funds were largely earmarked for specific projects/programmes Only 17% of these funds consisted of unearmarked contributions to NGOs, research institutes and multilateral organisations (from the BMGF for the latter). Gross disbursements, 2017
Programme-level Technical support assistance 3%
Core support to NGOs, research institutes and other (...)
8% 10%
7%
Core support to multilaterals
Scholarships and training 1%
4% Project-type interventions; 68%
Source: OECD DAC Statistics.
Debt relief 1% Development awareness 2%
PRIVATE PHILANTHROPY FOR DEVELOPMENT | 9 OECD Development Co-operation Directorate
Deep equality Deepdive: dive: gender gender equality ASK GENDERNET FOR HELP In 2017, 15% of private philanthropy was extended with the objective to support gender equality and women’s empowerment (USD 0.9 billion). Share of private philanthropy targeting gender equality USD gross disbursements, 2017
85% Gender not targeted / not identified
Gender-related philanthropy by region USD gross disbursements, 2017
Europe 0.3%
Gender was a 6% principal (primary) objective
9%
Asia
America 3%
21% Africa
Gender was a significant (secondary) objective
Top foundations supporting gender equality* USD million, gross disbursements, 2017
35% Unallocated
41%
Gender-related philanthropy by sector USD million, gross disbursements, 2017
746 572
HEALTH AND REPROD. HEALTH
164
GOVERNMENT AND CIVIL SOCIETY SOCIAL INFRA. AND SERVICES excl. health & reproductive health
103 62 56 43 37 23 21 19 18 18 16
80 50
BANKING AND FINANCIAL SERVICES
7
10 HUMANITARIAN AID
27
PRODUCTION SECTORS
32
OTHER
5
Other foundations BMGF
*: In the case of the BMGF, marking on gender was made based on a key word search.
Source: OECD DAC Statistics.
PRIVATE PHILANTHROPY FOR DEVELOPMENT | 10 OECD Development Co-operation Directorate
Deep dive: East Africa In 2017, private philanthropy to East Africa amounted to USD 565.6 million, representing 9% of the total (52% of country-allocable funds to Africa). Main foundations active in East Africa USD million, gross disbursements, 2017
USD 565.6 million
BMGF
297
MasterCard Foundation
107
CIFF
41
Comic Relief
41% for RMNCH
21% for gender
$
8% for trade development
24
Hilton Foundation
16
Ford Foundation
15
Wellcome Trust
12
Packard Foundation
12
Geographic distribution Gross disbursements, 2017 Other (3%) Mozambique (4%) Zimbabwe (3%) Rwanda (5%) Malawi (6%) Zambia (6%)
Hewlett Foundation
9
Tanzania (16%)
Oak Foundation
8
Uganda (16%)
Gatsby Africa
7
United Postcode Loteries
6
MacArthur Foundation
Kenya (19%)
4 Ethiopia (22%)
Other 6% for PD/GG
6
Main sectors targeted in East Africa by the foundations USD million, gross disbursements, 2017
3% for environment 3% for biodiversity 1% for desertification 1% for climate change mitigation and/or adaptation
Source: OECD DAC Statistics.
HEALTH & REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, FISHING EDUCATION BANKING AND FINANCIAL SERVICE GOVERNMENCE & CIVIL SOCIETY WATER AND SANITATION OTHER
223 165 74 33 27 12 31
BMGF
Other Foundations
PRIVATE PHILANTHROPY FOR DEVELOPMENT | 11 OECD Development Co-operation Directorate
For online data: Creditor Reporting System (CRS), stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=crs1 Private Philanthropy for Development (CRS), stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=DV_DCD_PPFD
For more information: oe.cd/foundationsdata www.oecd.org/dac/financing-sustainable-development/developmentfinance-standards/beyond-oda-foundations.htm Contact: cecile.SANGARE@oecd.org tomas.HOS@oecd.org Development Co-operation Directorate