ARCHITECTURAL ASSOCIATION | OFIS ARCHITECTS | DIPLOMA UNIT 8 | 2019-2020
EXIGENT HABITATS
EH
Architectural Association | School of Architecture | Diploma Unit 8 | 2019-2020
EXIGENT H A B I TAT S
Rok Oman / Špela Videčnik / José Navarrete
... Diploma Unit focused on key global concerns such as environmental issues, climate change, increasing social and economic inequalities, mass tourism, waste management and growing population by exploring the limits of habitation in severe environments. These habitats represent a unique testing territory for human settlements because of its inherent climatic singularity. Understanding the performance of architectural proposals in these areas is essential to anticipate what might become standard in the rest of the planet for years to come. The research through design intends to propose schemes for specific sites while addressing issues such as the latest technological breakthroughs, vernacular tradition and local identity. Unit led by Rok Oman, Špela Videčnik, José Navarrete / projects by Alina Alimzhanova, Matis Barollier, Alvaro Calle Moreno, Valerie Cho, Chui Lam Jasmine Chung, Malene Riise, Ainhoa Schapira, Youngbin Shin, Maroussia Tasiaux, Yuki Terado, Kane Wong, Jun Ho Yim / with a foreword by Javier Castañón Edited by Rok Oman, Špela Videčnik, Published by the Architectural Association - School of Architecture
José
Navarrete
/
Architectural Association - School of Architecture Diploma Program 2019-2020 Unit 8
Tutors Rok Oman, Špela Videčnik, José Navarrete
Students Alina Alimzhanova, Matis Barollier, Alvaro Calle Moreno, Valerie Cho, Chui Lam Jasmine Chung, Malene Riise, Ainhoa Schapira, Youngbin Shin, Maroussia Tasiaux, Yuki Terado, Kane Wong, Jun Ho Yim
Guest critics Xavier Aguiló i Aran, Ana Araujo, Javier Castañón, Tatjana Crossley, Shin Egashira, Piers Gough, Gabu Heindl, Ema Hana Kačar, Friedrich Ludewig, Inigo Minns, Mark Morris, Aleksander Saša Ostan, Vasa J. Perović, Anna Pla Català, Burak Pekoglu, Álvaro Velasco, Carlos Villanueva Brandt, Boštjan Vuga
CONTENTS
6
FOREWORD
INTRODUCTION
PROJECTS
page 8
page 12
page 21
UNDER THE SAME ROOF
(EM)POWER
I SEE YOU FROM BIRD’SEYE VIEW
page 42
page 50
page 56
PARASITIC LIVING
THE FLUID TERRITORIES
REMEDIATED GROUNDS
page 88
page 98
page 106
NOMADIC ENCAMPMENT
2020
AN INCLINED INHABITATION IN THE HIGH ANDES
page 22
page 30
page 36
THE HEALTH RETREAT
THE NEW HABITAT IN MT. EVEREST
SNOWED IN
page 64
page 70
page 80
COLOPHON
page 122
7
FOREWORD
Javier Castañón
Javier Castañón has degrees from Manchester University (BA Hons), Architectural Association (AA Diploma) and University of Granada, Spain (PhD) and has been in private practice since 1978. Director of Castanon Associates (London) and Castañón Asociados (Madrid), he has taught at the AA since 1978, most recently as Head of Technical Studies and Master of Technical Studies programme for the Diploma School. He has also taught in other UK Schools and at the University of Pennsylvania, USA.
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For those who understand architecture as the relationship between the human beings and the planet they inhabit, Diploma 8’s journey through 2019-2020 shines like a tale based on a true story. One in which buildings are treated as learning devices to explore their significance and impact on the contexts where they are inserted. But there has been more than the story, the succession of facts, events, tutorials, crits and juries. It has been all that, plus what each of us, students and tutors, have taken from this rich experience. That extra something, which may not be seen if one just glances at the drawings quickly, can be sensed, if we stop to think about it. The year started with looking at extreme conditions and minimum habitat, as if we were trying to meditate upon that relationship with our planet by going into a retreat with nature, and nothing else. Nature and us alone, without anything to distract us. This made us discover the materiality of that mediation between us human beings and all that surrounds us. It was tough but everyone learnt both to decipher the enigmatic language of feeling nature and to interpret our own reactions. As soon as we had learnt that first lesson, we were packing our new store of tools and move on but this time to a greater challenge: we had to answer not a brief but an ambition. This was rewarding, although only at the end, when the fruits of such great efforts became palpable. In most cases the tale based on a true story had become an epic poem, told through endless choices, design decisions, of materials and how theses have been treated, arranged and put together. At the very end, it was a story of appreciation towards nature, both understanding and inspiration for design. The resulting projects being the expressions of this fascination, physical manifestos of awareness. The projects of this Unit, like chocolate that one allows to melt in the mouth slowly, have to be read slowly and allow them to melt in with our thoughts of how we relate to the built and, most of all, to the non-built environment.
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STUDIO WORKSHOP
Hooke Park
INTRODUCTION
Rok Oman / Špela Videčnik / José Navarrete
Rok Oman and Špela Videčnik, both graduates of the University of Ljubljana School of Architecture and the Architectural Association School of Architecture (AA) in London, established OFIS arhitekti in 1996. Since its creation, the practice has received several awards and was invited to participate in Architecture Biennials in Venice, Moscow, and Beijing. OFIS works and communicates at an international level, taking part in competitions, lectures, and discourses. The team is based in Ljubljana, Slovenia, Paris, France and Moscow, Russia. They have taught at the Harvard GSD since 2012, at faculty of Architecture in Ljubljana and Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Architecture Paris-Val de Seine and currently at Hong Kong University and the Architectural Association. José Navarrete holds a Master of Architecture and Urbanism from the University of Granada. Since 2016 he is a project architect in OFIS arhitekti, where he has participated in more than 30 projects. During this time he has also been project leader for projects of diverse sizes and programs, from shelters to museums, such as the Glass House in the desert, for which he served as architect-in-charge. He is enthusiastic about the latent potential of limitations in architecture. Currently he is a studio tutor at Hong Kong University and Diploma unit master at the Architectural Association.
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Exigent Habitats has been a Spring Semester studio focused on key global concerns such as environmental issues, climate change, increasing social and economic inequalities, mass tourism, waste management and growing population by exploring the limits of habitation in severe environments. These habitats represent a unique testing territory for human settlements because of its inherent climatic singularity. Understanding the performance of architectural proposals in these areas is essential to anticipate what might become standard in the rest of the planet for years to come. The research through design intends to propose schemes for specific sites while addressing issues such as the latest technological breakthroughs, vernacular tradition and local identity. The aim was to produce a coherent concept to cope with the exposed facts for each scenario. The final result of the studio will be a specific build-able proposal, accurately developed and defined by 3D models, plans, sections, construction details, physical models and possibly, 1:1 prototyping for some parts. Harsh environmental conditions require incisive designs that respond to irregular loading from strong winds, heavy snowfalls, avalanche risk zones and extreme cold. These phenomena are often instantaneous, sudden and unpredictable. Risk of severe weather increases the vulnerability of human habitation to natural surroundings. Housing, in particular, must achieve self-sufficiency in such environments in order to decrease dependency upon external infrastructural networks that can be severed during periods of harsh weather. It must avoid the problems that can be caused by complex material provision and inaccessible, remote terrain. Designing living environments must therefore consolidate solutions to scarcity, inaccessibility, self-sufficiency and specificity of innovation.
13
Triglav Peak and panorama of Vrata Valley, Triglav National Park, Slovenia
The existing dichotomy between vernacular housing traditions and the latest innovation in building technology establishes an interesting terrain for the design of comfortable living environments in the harshest weather conditions. In the beginning, we have investigated small scale architectural solutions to extreme climatic conditions. Students conducted research on traditional building designs that respond to risks associated with avalanches, heavy snowfalls, strong winds and low temperatures. As an introduction to building in these conditions, the studio produced several prototypical designs of a ‘smallest- possible habitable unit’ that offer a temporary living space for up to eight mountaineers, hikers and researchers. The process involved using structural engineering and sustainable architectural elements to produce a shelter within strict design constraints – minimum energy consumption, minimum envelope exposure, lightweight structure and adherence to the limits of remote transportation. In parallel, the studio took into consideration large-scale housing designs in a similarly harsh climate. The students selected extreme areas that require temporary accommodation. Through the continual development of research and the aggregation of the prototypes produced,
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the students have designed a comfortable settlement that encourages social relations, respects the environment, has the minimum impact on nature and is optimised for the challenges posed by the extreme climate. Most of the research driven for the chosen location was produced by groups of students, while others worked individually. In addition to the quite experimental curriculum of this studio, the conditions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic in Terms 3 have transformed the way it was planned to be taught. Nevertheless, the experience of remote learning did not take the intense (virtual) meetings, tutorials and discussions, nor the quality and dedication put on the production of the projects exposed in this publication. Let the work of the students be the best testimony of such a peculiar year to remember.
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AA STUDIO
Bedford Square
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PROJECTS
NOMADIC ENCAMPMENT Alina Alimzhanova 2020 Matis Barollier AN INCLINED INHABITATION IN THE HIGH ANDES Alvaro Calle Moreno UNDER THE SAME ROOF Min Jung Cho (EM)POWER Chui Lam Jasmine Chung I SEE YOU FROM BIRD’S-EYE VIEW Malene Riise THE HEALTH RETREAT Ainhoa Schapira THE NEW HABITAT IN MT. EVEREST Youngbin Shin SNOWED IN Maroussia Tasiaux PARASITIC LIVING Yuki Terado THE FLUID TERRITORIES Kane Wong REMEDIATED GROUNDS Jun Ho Yim
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NOMADIC ENCAMPMENT Anthropogenic landscape as a tool for inhabitation on the Aral Sea Alina Alimzhanova
INTRODUCTION
22
The research question of the project gravitates around the processes of desertification due to water overexploitation.It focuses on one of the most extreme examples of over-exploitation in the world: the conversion of the Aral Sea into the Aralkum desert due to the diversion of the rivers to feed the Western cotton demands. Desertification of the Aral Sea is more than just the extinction of the water with its moving shore, but also shift of the existing social formations: expalsion of the fish production has led to unemployment and eventual abandonment of entire villages. My prediction is based on the case studies, where the intensive planting programme can potentially stop the moving sand and trigger the re-population of the adjacent cities. The proposal attempts to design a series of policies to generate the natural barriers that hold the dunes in place, producing alternating spaces with various degrees of temporality for tourism infrastructure, forestry industry, scientific research areas and settlements. Leaving an ecological permanent or temporary footprint behind in form of the forestry as well as inhabitable infrastructure would challenge the mentalities behind fixed notion of the land, infrastructure and use of vegetation as a ÂŤmentalÂť heal to the landscape.
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NOMADIC ENCAMPMENT | ALINA ALIMZHANOVA
NOMADIC ENCAMPMENT | ALINA ALIMZHANOVA
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NOMADIC ENCAMPMENT | ALINA ALIMZHANOVA
NOMADIC ENCAMPMENT | ALINA ALIMZHANOVA
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2020 Responding to the fears of the 21st Century Matis Barollier
INTRODUCTION
30
The project responds to the ever more growing threads of our modern world: collapse. Collapsology appeared at the beginning of the 21st century. It studies the build-up and the risks involved to the collapse of the industrial civilization as well as what will follow. A collapse is defined as the process by which basic needs just as water, food, shelter, clothing and energy are no longer provided or available at a reasonable cost to the majority of the population. In times of COVID-19 crisis, the theories are starting to emerge as realities. The project is located in the Swiss Alps and looks to rehabilitate bunkers into a microcosm of our society. Bunkers are present everywhere in Switzerland and their locations have recently been made public. Many have already been sold to private parties. This is due to the belief that war as we have known it in the 20th century is no longer considered a threat to the Helvetic Confederation, yet they require maintenance, which is used as a burden by the Federal Department of Defense. This project only analyses the rehabilitation of the previously militarized bunkers, but the same concept could very well be adapted to many other bunkers around the country, as well as to the smaller civilian home bunkers with a different adaptation. The project is, more globally, an idea of repurposing those concrete marvels into something meaningful for the 21st century.
San Gotthard Military Bunkers
History of Switzerland History of Switzerland
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2020 | MATIS BAROLLIER
Tactic: normal activity Occupancy: 2 people
Lockdown Instruction Section Manuals
Sector: secondary
Site Map Hospiz Fort
2020 | MATIS BAROLLIER
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2020 | MATIS BAROLLIER
Construction Year:
Tactic: normal activity Occupancy: 2 people
1903
1927
1889
Average humidity Low luminosity Low temperature
Low humidity Average luminosity High temperature
High humidity High luminosity Average temperature
Secondary Sector:Food Preparation
Tertiary Sector:Consumption
Primary Sector:Food Production
Plan of Bunker
2020 | MATIS BAROLLIER
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AN INCLINED INHABITATION IN THE HIGH ANDES Alvaro Calle Moreno
INTRODUCTION
36
Located underneath to a glacier nicknamed the ‘Sleeping Beauty’ La Rinconada is considered one of the harshest human settlements in the world, due to its altitude and arctic tundra climate. The gold mining shanty town of La Rinconada finds itself in the Southern part of the High Andes, in the province of Puno, in proximity to the Peru Bolivia border. The closest town to the gold mine is Juliaca which is where most people travel to to access La Rinconada. It is a town in the Peruvian Andes near a gold mine. At 5,100 m above sea level is also the highest permanent settlement in the world. Between 2001 and 2009, the population increased to 30,000 people from just a small gold prospector camp because the price of gold rose 235% over that period.
LA RINCONADA SITE RESEARCH
Terrain
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AN INCLINED INHABITATION IN THE HIGH ANDES | ALVARO CALLE MORENO
AN INCLINED INHABITATION IN THE HIGH ANDES | ALVARO CALLE MORENO
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UNDER THE SAME ROOF A cultural anchor for the northern wanderers Min Jung Cho
INTRODUCTION
42
‘Under the same roof’ aims to provide a cultural anchor for the indigenous population of Russia, assisting their traditional nomadic way of life stay relevant to the changing society. The proposed infrastructure maximises the potential of shared space, gathering people under one roof and making it accessible for a collective experience.
THE STRUGGLES TO MAINTAIN THEIR INDIGENOUS IDENTITY SELKUP
NENETS
3F PLAN
Nenets culture was severly destroyed as a result of Soviet collectivisation policy. The government enforced settlement towards the nomadic Samoyeds and for their children to be educated in state boarding schools.
72000 12000
12000
8000
12000
4000
4000
20000
KEY 1
Residence
2
Hotel
3
Shared Terrace
16000
The Slekup language is the best surviving amonst its Sayan-Samoyedic family, which mostly became extinct. In a distant past, Selkup were semi-nomadic fishers and hunters, but cultural ties have weakened since Russian domination.
8000
KET Fewer than half of the population can now speak their native langauge. Although they were traditionally reindeer herders, most are no longer nomadic and adopted a new lifestyle in riverside villages.
1
3
4000
3
3
2
72000
1
16000
RUSSIAN TERRITORY
16000
3
3
1
250,000 PEOPLE
12000
0.2%
TOTAL POPULATION
SITE
GF PLAN
The large territorial spread of indigenous people 72000
12000
4000
4000
4000
12000
36000
With only 0.2% of Russia's population, indigenous people occupy two-thirds of the nation's territory. Due to the nature of their main traditional occupation, reindeer herders travel a great distance to feed their livestock. Nenets for instance make approximately 1,300 kilometers of annual migration althogh it varies from a herd to another. 17
8000
18
16
12000
1 2
15
17
14
2
4000
13
10 16000
72000
11 12 3
9
20000
4
44
Their culture is threatened by a variety of problems imposed by mineral extraction. It has caused both the loss of wildlife and land, along with water pollution. All these factors led into increasingly more Dolgans giving up their traditional occupation of reindeer herding, fishing and hunting.
Enets were once nomadic fishers, reindeer herders, and hunters until the Soviet brought forced settlement. In addition, industrial exploitation, such as the one by nickel smelters at Norilsk, also caused environmental harms that resulted in discontinued traditional occupation.
3
5
ENETS
8
12000
Most nomadic Evenk in russia settled after the Russian Revolution of 1917. They were organised into collective farms, and their traditional occupation of reindeer breeding was replaced by other agriculture and industrial jobs.
DOLGAN
UNDER THE SAME ROOF | MIN JUNG CHO
Market
2
BOH
3
Exhibition Hall
4
Workshop
5
Dining Area
6
F&B
7
Library
8 9 10
6
4
7
Toilet Reception Livestock Room
11
Stunning Box
12
Hanging Area
13
8
EVENK
KEY 1
Bleeding Area
14
Skinning Area
15
Carcase Dressing Zone
16
Viscera Inspection Zone
17
Wash Area
18
Cooling Room
SITE DESCRIPTION
SITE
BUILDING SYSTEM
SC
Norway spruce Picea abies Coniferous tree 35-55m in height Trunk 1-1.5m in diameter
Scots pine Pinus sylvestris Coniferous tree 30-35m in height Trunk 0.6-1m in diameter
Siberian spruce Picea omorika Coniferous tree 15-35m in height Trunk 1.5m in diameter
DESIGN CONCEPT4000
Siberian pine Pinus sibirica Coniferous tree 30-40m in height Trunk 1.5m in diameter
Dahurian larch Larix gmelinii Deciduous coniferous tree 10-30m in height Trunk 1m in diameter
Siberian larch Larix sibirica Deciduous con 20-50m in heig Trunk 1m in dia
12
M
3600 1900
2800
DESIGN CONCEPT
1800
3M
2800 M
12
5000
TIMBER FRAME STRUCTURE
I
S I S I SA S S A S
N
F O R M F O R M N I
GLULAM UMBRELLA STRUCTURE
4M
3000
4000
3500
3500
5500
6M
T T EXISTING CHUM, THE VERNACULAR
PROPOSED NEWLY BUILT INFRASTRUCTURE
EXISTING CHUM, THE VERNACULAR
PROPOSED NEWLY BUILT INFRASTRUCTURE
UNDER THE SAME ROOF | MIN JUNG CHO
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DETAILS - BUILDING STRUCTURE + FAÇADE DETAILS - BUILDING STRUCTURE + FAÇADE 1
1 1
1:100 slope 1:100 slope
2
3
2
1
2
4 3
1 4
1
2
2
3 3
4 4
2
3 11
3 11
5 5
1 3
2
9
11
2
6 6
3
4
9
5
2 1
8 11
4 5
6 2
6
7 8
5
7
6
6 7
8
6 7
8
6
7 7
9
1 1
8
8 8
9
10
12
10 10
D-01D-01 LOUVERED CLERESTORY WINDOW LOUVERED CLERESTORY WINDOW SCALE 1:201:20 SCALE
D-02 ROOF BUILD UP SCALE 1:20 D-02 ROOF BUILD UP SCALE 1:20
D-04 TYPICAL WALL AND FOUNDATION D-04 TYPICAL WALL AND FOUNDATION SCALE 1:20 SCALE 1:20
D-03 GLAZING SCALE 1:20 D-03 GLAZING SCALE 1:20
Untreated larch cladding 1 Untreated larch cladding Treated softwood framing 2 Treated softwood framing
1
2 2
3
Flax mat 3 Flax mat
3 3 Water heating pipe Water heating pipe
Aluminium mullion Aluminium mullion Double-glazed window windowunit unit Double-glazed
3 3
Untreated larch larch slats slatsto tosliding slidingshutter shutter Untreated
3
4
Bitumen impregnated fibreboard 4 Bitumen impregnated fibreboard
4 4 Metal mesh Metal mesh
4 4
Frame to to untreated untreatedlarch larchsliding slidingshutter shutter Frame
Plywood lining vapour barrier 4 4Plywood lining on on vapour barrier
5
Steel U-section 5 Steel U-section
5 5 Flax mats Flax mats
5 5
Polyester powder-coated powder-coatedaluminium aluminiumsliding slidingdoor doorframe frame Polyester
Timber skirting board 5 5Timber skirting board
6
Plywood wall lining 6 Plywood wall lining
6 6 Spruce purlin Spruce purlin
6 6
Painted softwood softwoodreveal revealtotowindow window Painted
Structural concrete 6 6Structural concrete slabslab
7
MDF lininglining 7 MDF
7 7 Spruce plywood ceiling lining Spruce plywood ceiling lining15mm 15mm
7 7
Composite timber timberand andaluminium aluminiumframe frame Composite
150mm hardcore 7 7150mm hardcore fill
8
8 Polyester powder-coated aluminium sliding doordoor frame Polyester powder-coated aluminium sliding frame
8 8 Glue laminated timber beam Glue laminated timber beam
8
Triple-Glazed window windowunit unit Triple-Glazed
Fairfaced reinforced concrete upstand 8 8Fairfaced reinforced concrete upstand
9
9 Mill-finished aluminium flashing Mill-finished aluminium flashing
9 9 Dowel 14mm in in diameter Dowel 14mm diameter
1 2
2
Zinc standing seam roof sheeting Zinc standing seam roof sheeting barrier structural underlay 2 Vapour Vapour barrier structural underlay
1 1
1
10 Double-glazed Double-glazed window unit unit window
10 10Glue laminated timber column Glue laminated timber column360 360XX360mm 360mm
11 Frame to untreated sliding shutter Frame to untreated larchlarch sliding shutter
11 1115mm 15mm diameter tension rod diameter tension rod
12
12 Untreated to sliding shutter Untreated larchlarch slatsslats to sliding shutter
EXTERIOR FACING EXTERIOR FACING
1 2
Untreated larch cladding Untreated larch cladding Breather membrane fixed to bitumen impregnated sheathing board Breather membrane fixed to bitumen impregnated sheathing board
1 2
Flax Flax matmat
3
fill
French drain collection rainwater run-off French drain collection rainwater run-off
11
10
D-05 FOUNDATION SCALE 1:20 D-05 FOUNDATION SCALE 1:20
COURTYARD FACING COURTYARD FACING 1 1
1
2 3
3
1
laminated timber column 360360 X 360mm 1 Glue Glue laminated timber column X 360mm
2
steel elevated post base with flitch plate connection 2 Mild Mild steel elevated post base with flitch plate connection
3
1
4 3 3
2
4
6 6
4
5
5
5
2 52 5
7 7
8
1
8
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
UNDER THE SAME ROOF | MIN JUNG CHO
in holding down bolts 3 Cast Cast in holding down bolts 4 5
Structural concrete slab Structural concrete slab 150mm hardcore fill 150mm hardcore fill
D-06 TYPICAL GLAZING & FOUNDATION SCALE 1:20 D-06 TYPICAL GLAZING & FOUNDATION SCALE 1:20
4 4
9 9
46
6
6
8
9
8
8
9 10 12
5
4 4
5 5 7 7
Triple-Glazed window unit Triple-Glazed window unit Composite timber and aluminium frame Composite timber and aluminium frame Aluminium mullion 3 Aluminium mullion Folded steel sill plate 4 Folded steel sill plate Hardwood subsill 5 Hardwood subsill Structural concrete slab 6 Structural concrete slab 150mm hardcore fill 7 150mm hardcore fill Timber decking boards to courtyard 8 Timber decking boards to courtyard Reinforced concrete upstand 9 Reinforced concrete upstand 1 2
UNDER THE SAME ROOF | MIN JUNG CHO
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(EM)POWER Transitional Shelters in the Extremities of Disaster Chui Lam Jasmine Chung
INTRODUCTION
50
“THERE IS NO SUCH THING AS A NATURAL DISASTER” ... 5000 still displaced, 3 years after the Kermanshah earthquake, Iran: Yet another tragic example of inhumanely prolonged stay in perishable tarpaulin shelters, attributable to both inflexibility in design and governmental incapacity in instituting reconstruction. (EM)POWER is a proposal acknowledging the necessity of an incremental rather than phased reconstruction, a materially- and labour-efficient construct at once temporary and permanent, and an attempt to fill the gap where the government failed. Drawing from historical Persian windcatchers and windmills, as well as infrastructural devastation in disaster-stricken regions, the proposal culminates traditional knowledge with modern technology to utilise wind as both means of passive cooling in Iran’s extreme heat and decentralised energy production to resume livelihood. A self-build modular system of parts optimised for wind circulation, flatpack transportation, personalised internal configurations and concentric expansion provide strongly needed thermal comfort, cost minimisation, and variability of social and religious needs. Despite (EM)POWER’s focus on tackling extremities of Iran’s physical and socio-political environment, it instigates radical re-evaluation of the wider scope of conventional architecture (its permanence, disciplinary inaccessibility, heavyweightness), empowerment (by self-sufficiency and communal collaboration), and resilience both spatially and socio-economically, to confront the trajectory of humanity’s self-destruction.
roof
wind
basis
roof: wind funneling
52
(EM)POWER | CHUI LAM JASMINE CHUNG
roof: wind funneling structural geometry
(EM)POWER | CHUI LAM JASMINE CHUNG
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(EM)POWER | CHUI LAM JASMINE CHUNG
I SEE YOU FROM BIRD’S-EYE VIEW Malene Riise
INTRODUCTION
56
A new era of implementing responsible interactions with the environment is forthcoming. The UNESCO-listed fjord in Norway, Nærøyfjorden, display a natural reaction to the large amounts of visible Nitorgen Oxides released by the seasonal cruise traffic, creating an incoming zero-emission policy in the world heritage parks. However, the protocol influences a plausible absence of local tourism in general, as the ships find alternative places to sail, forcing a noticeable economic shift for the surrounding communities. The project promotes a world were humans dominate the skyline, to let the ground heal. Elevating the visitors to create a temporary alternative for the fragile landscape of the fjords. Through the guidelines of ecotourism, participants engage in a zipline course across Nærøy- and Aurlandsfjorden, experiencing the sublime nature it has to offer from a bird’s-eye view, while being educated on how to inhabit the woods without leaving a trace. Just like a bird’s nest, the stations stand as pleated resting platforms, welcoming species to enter and inhabit. Prioritising a harmonious integration with the surrounding natural environment while maintaining the site’s adventurous quality. The simple recognition that the earth only nurtures that which suits it, is the act of becoming one with the movement.
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I SEE YOU FROM BIRD’S-EYE VIEW | MALENE RIISE
I SEE YOU FROM BIRD’S-EYE VIEW | MALENE RIISE
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I SEE YOU FROM BIRD’S-EYE VIEW | MALENE RIISE
1:200 (A3)
I SEE YOU FROM BIRD’S-EYE VIEW | MALENE RIISE
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THE HEALTH RETREAT “Water is good, air is better, but light is best of all” Ainhoa Schapira
INTRODUCTION
64
Arnold Rikli’s “atmospheric cure” model, which started in 1852, in the Slovenian town of Bled, is transported to the high plateaus of the Atacama Desert and is implemented there, to offer the Lickan Antay indigenous community the opportunity to recover their economy, culture, and natural environment. After repeatedly struggling with threats and invasions, like the Pinochet dictatorship, the community’s traditions and intangible cultural heritage has gradually diminished. The project seeks potential in the tourist industry (which is currently a threat to them), and attempts to transform it by proposing a platform that empowers the local community, giving them back the control over the land, environment, and traditions, and providing them with economic opportunities. Guests staying there will seek a spiritual isolation retreat with nature, and immerse themselves in the Lickan Antay culture. The design process starts from a single prototype unit, inspired by the spatial needs of different psychological conditions. These ways of inhabiting space are further developed and used as a metaphor that could later be applied to anyone. The prototype further adapts to the conditions of the site with the implementation of local materials and construction methods that come together to become the Health Retreat.
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THE HEALTH RETREAT | AINHOA SCHAPIRA
THE HEALTH RETREAT | AINHOA SCHAPIRA
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THE HEALTH RETREAT | AINHOA SCHAPIRA
Program Close-Ups
Sleeping Units
Toilets
Hall
Kitchen
Restaurant
Therapy Room
THE HEALTH RETREAT | AINHOA SCHAPIRA
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THE NEW HABITAT IN MT. EVEREST Cold resistant timber shelter using snow as building envelope Youngbin Shin
INTRODUCTION
70
The project proposes the shelter for the new type of social space to replace traditional tents at Mt. Everest which also can value in the lives of locals with using natural materials as building envelop. The Everest and local villages have the issue of hiking tourism causing the environmental stress. The project responds to issues with offering local the structures by indigenous material and engaging them to self- build for the new Everest habitat. The shelter is composed of readily manufactured and prefabricated timber elements for less impact on the ground and for the spaces based on climate and geography. It offers a reduced construction time and less carbon consumption with easily deployable materials by porters and yak.
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THE NEW HABITAT IN MT. EVEREST | YOUNGBIN SHIN
THE NEW HABITAT IN MT. EVEREST | YOUNGBIN SHIN
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THE NEW HABITAT IN MT. EVEREST | YOUNGBIN SHIN
THE NEW HABITAT IN MT. EVEREST | YOUNGBIN SHIN
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SNOWED IN A guide for snow insulation in remote regions Maroussia Tasiaux
INTRODUCTION
80
Dealing with the conditions of extreme climates, the project is about seeing a harsh mountainous environment not as an obstacle, but rather a driving element of design, using snow, a natural element that accumulates naturally and cyclically, to bring heat and comfort to a shelter. Establishing principles on a prototype for a small shelter in the Alps, the functioning relies on thermodynamics together with the rules of traditional snow buildings of the Arctic regions. As a case study, the High Atlas mountains of Morocco could benefit from such structures: while their Summers can be scorching, the snowfalls in the Winter paralyses villages, as the remoteness and lack of infrastructure disconnects villagers from the rest of the world, and the snow and cold temperatures cause casualties that cannot be prevented, due to hopeless access to health services. The proposal is to create a construction guide on how to introduce an aggregation of the prototype to this region, giving the villagers the decision on how to place them according to need, and how to combine pods for desired programmatic living. This guide would explain how to build the entire complex by hand, using readily available materials that local populations know how to work, all the while introducing the principles and formal technology of the prototype. Not replacing existing traditional villages, those would complement the scenery, acting as a safe shelter for the villagers in the Winter, all the while providing them with a means to earn money from tourism, renting out the rooms for the numerous trekkers in the Summer; and would be way for them to keep their traditions alive and encourage the younger generations not to flee to cities.
Kitchen
Small Private
Large Private
Shower Lavatories Ablation Room
Family Bedroom Dormitory
Living Room Dining Room
Living Room
Community Area Living Room - Dining Room - Corridor Kitchen - Greenhouse
Small Intimate Room
Intimate Public
Double Bedroom
Nurse Room Children Playing Room Exercise Area
Nursing Room
Resting Rooms
Nursing Area Nursing Room - Corridor - Resting Room
Gathering Room
Transition Spaces
Classroom Mosque Auditorium
Corridor Hall
Prayer Area Men Ablation Room - Men Prayer - Women Prayer Room - Women Ablation Room
High Public Room
Low Public Room
Dining Room
Living Room
Family House Double Bedroom - Corridor - Shower Room Dormitory
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Medium Public Room
Low Large Public Room
Kitchen Storage
Greenhouse
SNOWED IN | MAROUSSIA TASIAUX
Men Prayer Room Ablation Room
Ablation Room Women Prayer Room
Double Room
Shower
Dormitory
SNOWED IN | MAROUSSIA TASIAUX
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SNOWED IN | MAROUSSIA TASIAUX
SNOWED IN | MAROUSSIA TASIAUX
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PARASITIC LIVING A Hanging prototypical system for temporal settlements Yuki Terado
INTRODUCTION
The project explores the verticality to utilize the vertical surface for a new form of living by questioning “does a home needs to be permanent?” It aims to negotiate a form of living between temporal and permanent by proposing a dynamic system of a prototype that adapts and changes following the need of users as climbers, flood victims, researches or travellers. The exploration started from looking at a hanging tent called “Portaledge” for big wall climbers and it moved on to developing a system that inherits its ease to install and deploy, lightweight, portability, feasible geometry and sustainability adding to changeability, expandability and variability which I leaned from a variety of minimal settlements. The Slovenian proposal explores the context of nature by encouraging interaction with the outside environment. For example, the flexible configuration enables the openings and semi- and quasi- spaces around the proposal. The London Proposal is an application scenario for the urban context where social interaction matters. By analysing solar orientation and possible seasonal performances, the proposal introduces a new way to live in a city as parasitic temporal residents’ community. This parasitic living is a solution for the urgent or temporal need for space that is adaptable and changeable where the vertical surface is available.
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PARASITIC LIVING | YUKI TERADO
PARASITIC LIVING | YUKI TERADO
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Joint Details and Structure
Joint Details and Structure
Wall Composite
Cladding for Back Wall
Joint Details and Structure
Structure and Material
10-30%
30-50%
Transparency
Transparency
Frosted Acrylic Panel
Single Layered Cellular Polycarbonate
Material for Cladding
Material for Cladding
50-70%
80%
Transparency
Transparency
Perforated Metal Sheet
Multi-Layered Cellular Polycarbonate
Material for Cladding
Material for Cladding
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PARASITIC LIVING | YUKI TERADO
THE FLUID TERRITORIES A Speculation and Adaptation for the Future of the Canadian Arctic Kane Wong
INTRODUCTION
98
The Fluid Territories is about proposing a coexist and hybrid monitoring and living networks for the seasonal migration of caribou as adaptation and new typology of living movement of indigenous community to response to the changing environment in Canadian Arctic area. The Intervention is to propose a monitoring network as a new way of living movement, a moving society of indigenous people. The Network will be strategically located at key points along the caribou migratory routes to respond the environmental issues in the future. The project takes the geopolitical dimension of the Canadian arctic and try to explore the concept of fluid territories that shape by elements in different scale from the minimum shelter exploration, community hubs, infrastructural trade network and the global import and export activities as an adaptation and coexist solution for the indigenous local to respond the potential development of the area in the future.
THE FLUID TERRITORY
Speculation and network to respond the future situation
Greenland
Greenland
Greenland
50
100
Program fields
160,000
180,000
220,000
Seasonal Movement of Caribous
Seasonal Movement of Caribous
Seasonal Movement of Caribous
2020 Existing Herds Movement / Disconnection
2025 Monitoring and Research Terroritory /Network Established
Significant decreased of the population of caribou due to the unstable food source and climate change.
Series of research stations monitoring the exigent herds of caribou in order to maintain the seasonal movement to rise the population of caribou. ( The North,Summer Station)
Unstable ice surface occasionally but still accessiable Existing Maximum Ice coverage
New Surveying of Annual ice surface coverage and thickness are needed 10 % decreased of maximum ice coverage
Charter 2 Site
2030 Cultural Training Terroritory /Network Educational, exchange programs conducted by native for both youth inuit and specialists to share knowlegde and work together. for example, navigation skils, herding skills and hunting skills. Supporting programs will be held at the 'crossing station' during the hunting season(spring/ autumn)
Ice surface getting thinner gradually and constantly 15 % decreased of maximum ice coverage
Charter 2 Site
THE FLUID TERRITORIES | KANE WONG
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THE FLUID TERRITORY
Speculation and network to respond the future situation
Greenland
Greenland
Sh
ip
500,000 Trade Ports
Nuuk
pin
g
Ro
Nuuk
ut
es
Hunting Ground
550,000 Herds Proposed reception ports and existing
600,000
Herds
Settlements
2040 Food and Trade Territory(Caribou Hunting Territory)
2045 Recreational Territory ( The Development of Greenland)
2090 Network/ Terroritory of Self-sustained settlement
Population of Caribou increased steadily through the monitoring programs and preservation of landscape. Providing a secure of food sources and trades both locally to respond the increase of import food in the future.
Due to rapid development and competition on resources, global investment of infrastructure, fuels, minings, industrialization from other countries in Greenland, the demand of recreational programs will be incresea in the area. Ports along shoreline will be needed to respond and balance the ecological system.
The seasonal movement of herds will be limited or stop by the reduce of ice coverage and will not be able to move between islands by ice surface. Each herds can potentially be developed as self-sustained communits/settement but also be part of the settlement networks.North becomes more habitable by the warm enivroment of global warming.
New Migration routes are needed to adapt the limited ice coverage 20 % decreased of maximum ice coverage
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Greenland
Ice surface is no longer reliable and travel by boat/air is needed 30 % decreased of maximum ice coverage
Charter 2 Site
Ice surface is no longer accessible 50 % decreased of maximum ice coverage
Charter 2 Site
THE FLUID TERRITORIES | KANE WONG
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THE FLUID TERRITORIES | KANE WONG
OTOTYPE PREFABRICATION
A UNIT FOR 3 PEOPLE 1 ALUMINIUM CLADDING 2 TIMBER FRAME FIXING 3 VAPOUR MEMBRANE 4 CROSS LAMINATE TIMBER PANEL 5 DOUBLE GLAZING 6 ALUMINIUM DOOR FRAME INTERIOR DETAILS (CLT INTERNAL FINISH) 7 SOCIAL + SLEEPING AREA 8 SLEEPING + STORAGE PLATFORM 9 DEPLOYABLE BED PANEL
1 2
9 3 4 8 7
5 6 1 800 mm
2400 mm
00
38
12
00
m
m
mm
Charter 3 Structural Strategy
Structural Strategy
THE FLUID TERRITORIES | KANE WONG
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REMEDIATED GROUNDS Mount Robson: Northern Canadian Rockies Jun Ho Yim
INTRODUCTION
106
Berg Lake Trail ... The relationship between recreational use and environmental impact is critical for the remediation of our natural environments. The link is complex and is determined by environmental, managerial, and user-based relational factors. Architecture can guide the larger behavioral attitude of people on how to experience and live in an untouched environment, too often, our natural environments are used rather than experienced. The human trace is often normalized and brought as a sign of comfort that inevitably eats away the very thing we intended to protect. All national parks and natural sites around the world can recover, but first the source of damage must be redirected.
SECTION Cabin Typology Berg Lake Campground
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REMEDIATED GROUNDS | JUN HO YIM
REMEDIATED GROUNDS | JUN HO YIM
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CANADIAN ROCKIES: Mount Robson, Berg Lake Trail
A: Prototype L
B: Prototype XS
C: Cabin S
D: Cabin M
Roof Tiling:
Roof Tiling:
Roof Tiling:
Roof Tiling:
Roof Panels (extra insulation):
Roof Panels (extra insulation):
Roof Panels (extra insulation):
Roof Panels (extra insulation):
Roof Structure:
Roof Structure:
Roof Structure:
Roof Structure:
Interior Panels: attached to Roof Structure, Possibly used for Pop out furniture
Interior Panels: attached to Roof Structure, Possibly used for Pop out furniture
Interior Panels: attached to Roof Structure, Possibly used for Pop out furniture
Interior Panels:
Interior: Varys with size of Cabin, Type A being the largest of the 4. Suited for larger groups or families
Interior: Varys with size of Cabin, Type B is an XS size for Emergency Use Shelters as well as single units or couples.
Interior: Varys with size of Cabin, Type C is an S size for small families or couples.
Interior: Size M Has Extra floor spaces above to allow more room
Main Supporting Structure:
Main Supporting Structure:
Main Supporting Structure:
Foundations extend to Steel.
Foundations extend to Steel.
Foundations extend to Steel.
Main Supporting Structure:
Aggregation Types:
4 Prototype Based Units A: Large B: Extra Small C: Small D: Medium
Slope: Types are placed on various types of terrain, and can be the determining factor for placement of thses units
110
REMEDIATED GROUNDS | JUN HO YIM
The Structure also suppports through the side
REMEDIATED GROUNDS | JUN HO YIM
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Exigent Habitats is a Diploma Unit focused on key global concerns such as environmental issues, climate change, increasing social and economic inequalities, mass tourism, waste management and growing population by exploring the limits of habitation in severe environments. These habitats represent a unique testing territory for human settlements because of its inherent climatic singularity. Understanding the performance of architectural proposals in these areas is essential to anticipate what might become standard in the rest of the planet for years to come. The research through design intends to propose schemes for specific sites while addressing issues such as the latest technological breakthroughs, vernacular tradition and local identity. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would like to thank Eva Franch i Gilabert, Director of the Architectural Association for the opportunity to instruct this unit. We are also grateful to Mark Morris, Head of Teaching and Learning and Belinda Flaherty, School Registrar, for their implication, helpful assistance and support. We want to extend our gratitude to the guest critics that joined us during the semester and of course, to all the students for their commitment and hard work. Specially, thanks to Javier Castaùón and his team for their relentless support along the year and their valuable feedback.
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Published by Architectural Association School of Architecture 36 Bedford Square London WC1B 3ES ©2020 AA School of Architecture Text and images © 2020 by their authors No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner without written permission from the publisher, except in the context of reviews. Every reasonable attempt has been made to identify owners of copyright. Errors or omissions will be corrected in subsequent editions. IMAGE CREDITS Cover image: Malene Riise 3, 4, 10-11, 16-17, 18 (second-row left, right; bottom-right),19 (second-row centre; third-row left; bottom centre), 30-31, 42-43, 50-51, 78-79, 96-97, 104-105, 112-113, 114-115: José Navarrete 14-15: Javier Sanchez Portero / Wikimedia 18 (top-left, top-right; second-row centre; third-row left and right; bottom-centre), 19 (second-row left and right; third-row centre; bottom left and right), 20; 120-121 : Špela Videčnik 18 (top-centre), 19 (top-left): Sue Barr 18 (third-row centre), 19 (third row-right); 116-117: Chui Lam Jasmine Chung. 19 (top-centre); 72-73, 118-119: Matthew Roberts.
Exigent Habitats is a Diploma Unit focused on key global concerns such as environmental issues, climate change, increasing social and economic inequalities, mass tourism, waste management and growing population by exploring the limits of habitation in severe environments. These habitats represent a unique testing territory for human settlements because of its inherent climatic singularity. Understanding the performance of architectural proposals in these areas is essential to anticipate what might become standard in the rest of the planet for years to come. The research through design intends to propose schemes for specific sites while addressing issues such as the latest technological breakthroughs, vernacular tradition and local identity. Unit led by Rok Oman, Špela Videčnik, José Navarrete / projects by Alina Alimzhanova, Matis Barollier, Alvaro Calle Moreno, Valerie Cho, Chui Lam Jasmine Chung, Malene Riise, Ainhoa Schapira, Youngbin Shin, Maroussia Tasiaux, Yuki Terado, Kane Wong, Jun Ho Yim / with a foreword by Javier Castañón Edited by Rok Oman, Špela Videčnik, José Navarrete / Published by the Architectural Association - School of Architecture