ready for the future? EnergyBus, the one open standard for all electric components of Light-Electric-Vehicles.
Is the battery still okay? Which component is faulty? Do we really need a hundred different chargers in stock? How do we make sure we have reliable sparepart supply for the first ten years after purchase? Do we need to hire an electrician for electric bikes? Can we add a second battery for extended range? The customer wants to buy a solar panel to charge his vehicle, what can we offer? Why did the battery die? Is that covered by the warranty? Is it possible to add a second throttle?
Present
With EnergyBus
Servicing light electric vehicles is expensive because keeping a stock of spare parts requires space and ties up money. Every vehicle needs its own charger. Using the wrong charger is a real danger as the battery might short circuit and fail. For bicycle retailers it is difficult to determine which part of the electric drive failed, therefore diagnostic service tools are a great help. Most manufacturers do not provide such tools and their protocols are not designed to provide data which helps to diagnose problems. Those few manufacturers which offer diagnostic tools recommend expensive special equipment only available to licensed dealers. The history of batteries cannot be determined. So a used battery can be like-new and well maintained, or almost at the end of its life.
The EnergyBus connectors and bus system makes it possible to provide one charger for every battery, independent of chemistry and size. Since systems are compatible, the dealer does not have to stock many similar components of different suppliers, but instead can offer a variety of components in price and functionality.
Reselling a battery is a gamble.
A diagnostic tool with service software can access the diagnosis data of any lev. It allows quick and efficient diagnosis so the faulty component can be identified and replaced. Spare parts have a longer availability and newer components can replace older ones without braking the system (backwards compatibility). The battery’s history can be read and its state of charge (soc) and state of health (soh) determined. With this data warranty cases can be separated from misuse issues and the value of used batteries can be determined for resale. Servicing vehicles with EnergyBus is quick and easy.
lev diagnosis tool
Electric bikes development
On Time? On Spec? On Budget?
Present
With EnergyBus
Bicycle manufacturers developing electric assisted bicycles face high development costs since every component of the system – battery, motor, controller, charger – must fit together and therefore is often customized and not interchangeable between models. If for instance the battery technology is changed, then other parts must be changed as well, like the battery management, charger, charger connectors and motor control software. With production of each component this results in small production quantities and therefore high costs. If the bicycle manufacturer uses system components from suppliers he becomes dependent on their availability and cannot easily choose from a variety of competing products due to their incompatibility. Many different custom components result in increased need for storage capacities for replacement and assembly items. With the current plugs and protocols, small series or custom built pedelecs and e-bikes are expensive to develop.
The EnergyBus solves this issue as it allows manufacturers to bring products to the market with great functionality, quality in a short development time, with low costs. This is achieved through communication between the components. It enables them to interact and change their functionality depending on the controller’s capabilities. For example, one charger could fit all batteries since they communicate the needs through the bus. This increases the life of the product because the components are used according to their specifications. On a variety of different products the same system can be used, single components can be exchanged. Manufacturers have redundant supply choices because the components are exchangeable. Since development is easy, new markets can be created as specialized products become profitable. Special customer wishes can be quickly fulfilled. More applications for a component results in larger lot size and more profit.
Product developers have tough compromises to make: the desired functions and the quality of the product compete with the available development time and budget.
EnergyBus guarantees a safe, expandable and compatible system. EnergyBus e. V. is a joint effort to specify a plug and communication standard for light electric vehicles. Every company from the industry is welcome to join and take part in our mission. Q
C
T
Q = Quality, Functions, Safety · C = Costs · T = Time
A valve-system only works if you’ve got a pump for it.
Present
With EnergyBus
Around 1900, when inner tube tires were the new thing in the bicycle business, a multitude of different valve systems were patented, and a variety of different designs competed against one another to become the standard. Today plugs for communication and power transmission on pedelecs and e-bikes are not only incompatible with other designs from other companies, but some of them are also defective. Manufacturers rely on plugs that were not made for levs, and that do not meet the requirements of safety and reliability for bicycles. Here are a few examples of plugs used for charging bicycle batteries, and also a few reasons why they are not safe: headphone jacks1 short circuit when being plugged in and when they touch another metal surface. They are not designed for high currents and the contact durability is low. Antenna (Belling-Lee)2 and Cinch3 plugs loosen easily and spark when they are plugged into a hot cable. Poor contacts lead to shorts and cause sparks. XLR-Plugs4 are popular for use on electric bicycles, but are used with different voltages, and pin-configurations, depending on the manufacturer. This causes confusion and danger especially at the workplace and for the family with different kinds of pedelecs at home. The Speakon or PowerCon5 connectors are a proprietary loudspeaker and stage equipment connector family made by Neutrik and are expensive and very bulky for bicycles. Barrel connectors6 can be easily confused with other plugs because they are commonly found on dc devices at home. The standard ac plug7 is commonly used on Chinese electric bicycles. It is only legal for 110, 220 and 230 V ac. dc current bicycles with this plug are not safe and are illegal to sell in Europe. Molex Power Connector and D-Sub8 are plugs made for computer components and are neither watertight nor made to withstand frequent plugging, or vibration. While plugs from the car industry can be watertight, they are especially hard to unplug and thus not conducive for levs that are plugged in, and unplugged, all the time. The sae connector9 is a hermaphrodite plug made to specification of the Society of Automotive Engineers. It tends to unplug with vibration, especially when it is worn out. Single crimp connectors10 are dangerous since the polarity can be easily confused.
The EnergyBus plug is designed to meet the requirements for light electric vehicles (lev). It is easy and safe to use, water-resistant and stays tight and in place whether riding on the street or off-road. Since it is only available for levs it cannot be mistakenly used with other connectors in the household. EnergyBus connectors transmit data only, or data and power. All plugs fit together directly, or by an adapter. Safety is guaranteed because there is no voltage on the power contacts until the system verifies compatibility through communication. This also leads to a longer product life since the connectors do not plug in hot. Components on the bicycle can be exchanged but no danger nor damage can occur. To ensure the compatibility to the EnergyBus standard it will be tested and certified by EnergyBus e. V. Bicycles equipped with EnergyBus will be the customer’s choice.
Wrong or reversed polarity between battery and charger is dangerous as that it destroys the electronic components and can lead to fire and explosion with the emission of poisonous gas.
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There is no reason anyone would want a computer in their home.
Quote attributed to Ken Olson, president of Digital Equipment Corporation, maker of business computers in 1977
Present Currently engineers spend their time modifying electric drive systems for every minor change in the system, such as the battery’s chemical materials, instead of designing new innovations.
Public charging, battery-swapping, renting and leasing solutions for levs are virtually impossible or involve high risks for the operator.
With EnergyBus With the EnergyBus the electric propulsion system is open for future innovations and easily expandable with future technology. Of course, we could not think of everything but here are some ideas to give you examples of what is possible: Public charging / locking and battery-swapping stations as well as renting or leasing business models are made possible with EnergyBus. An anti-theft device can block all components if no key is present. Personal mobile devices like cellphones, digital cameras, music players can be powered and charged with a simple adapter. Cellphones can be used as interface devices to the vehicle displaying speed, battery-level, position and other available data from the bus. The integration of photo-voltaic or fuel cells in the system can be as easy as updating the controller’s software. Hardware profiles can trigger different functions depending on which devices are connected to the bus. If a solar cell is detected, its power is completely used for running the motor while exceeding energy charges the battery. Battery power is used, if there is not enough solar power. Dealers can update the software of the controller and exchange almost any component of the system to meet the customer’s wishes. Assistance profiles can be chosen through display (sportive, relaxed, normal). Service notices could be displayed on the controller if the soh2 / sol3 of the battery reaches a certain level. 1 State of charge (soc) is the ratio of remaining battery capacity to rated battery capacity. soc is used to estimate battery power time (bpt), which is the remaining electrical power supply time based upon the power demands of the equipment in use. soc can also be used to estimate the time required to fully charge a battery using a particular charging station. 2 State of health (soh) is the physical condition of a battery. soh is used to estimate losses in rated capacity, as well as predicting impending failures such as shorts or severe corrosion.
Additional sensors and devices connected to the bus can enable more functions in the controller: Positioning systems may enable the controlling device to output a message, such as: »Not enough battery capacity to reach destination, do you want to drive with less electrical assistance or drive to the next charging station (1 km)?« Couriers could see a choice of routes to the next target as a result of battery soc1, orders and hills / charging possibilities on the way. Heartbeat sensors could enable control over a defined training target or safety level. The controlling device could output a messages, such as: »Your output is higher than your preference. The system is increasing the assistance until your heart-beat comes back to a normal level.« or »Your output does not match the selected training level. The system is starting the recuperation mode.« Vehicle to grid4 (vtg or v2g) solutions and intelligent networks5 are possible with EnergyBus. Plugging your vehicle on a public charger may result in a prompt: »You are plugged into a charging station. Do you want to fastcharge your bike, wait till there is cheap peak power, or sell energy into the grid?« or »Your lev has no energy flat rate account with us. Please insert your credit card to charge your lev.« EnergyBus makes the future of light electric vehicles possible.
3 State of life (sol) is the remaining life of the battery. sol is used to estimate the number of remaining charge/discharge cycles for a battery. 4 Vehicle to grid (vtg or v2g) is the use of combined battery power taken from many vehicles connected to the power grid to supply sudden demand in the grid. This means that the charging of the vehicle will be disrupted and the energy flow reversed. The customer will sell this energy back to the grid for a higher price. 5 Intelligent networks give the electricity provider control over high volume utilities like fridges or chargers. Through minimal changes in the ac frequency these devices can be notified that a demand or surplus in the grid exists, and the device can act upon this (operational in Japan).
Measurements using EnergBus hmi by Acewell
Acewell is a taiwanese manufactuer of displays for e-bikes, pedelecs, scooter etc. Their core competence is mechanical and electronic integration. Manufacturer: Acewell Technologies www.acewell-meter.com
hmi by Marquardt
Marquardt develops and produces electromechanical and electronic switches and switching systems for power tools, household appliances, cars and industrial applications. — Manufacturer: Marquardt GmbH www.marquardt.de
Motor controll by Marquardt
EnergyBus ready motor controller module. Manufacturer: Marquardt GmbH. www.marquardt.de
Energ
Taiwan-b chargers www.hten
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Back whe nal senso EnergyBu Manufac www.plug
led Bike Lights by Philips
Provision of innovative solutions for bicycle lighting based on automotive lighting experience. Philips Automotive Lighting. — Manufacturer: Philips Electronics N.V. www.philips.com
Software by Ziegler
The piManager offers a modular Software-as-a-Service solution as a central managementsystem for the rental company of electric vehicles. — Manufacturer: E. Ziegler Metallbearbeitung ag www.ziegler-metall.de
Center drive unit by Electragil
Development company for pedelec components based in Switzerland. Producer of the first EnergyBus based drive unit which entered the market in April 2012. — Manufacturer: Electragil GmbH www.electragil.ch
Electronic drive by ro
Crank drive, electric drive and man engineering company for p tems for levs. The development Bus. — Manufacturer: ropa engin www.ropa-engineering.com
Interface by Plug’n Charge
Interface for engine, display and charging station/power supply. EnergyBus based. — Manufacturer: Plug’n Charge GmbH www.plugncharge.de
Energy storage device by Hi Tech Energy
Battery for heavy duty cargo bicycles made by ht Energy for Gobax, EnergyBus – in production. — Manufacturer: Hi Tech Energy Inc www.htenergy.com.tw
gy storage device by Hi Tech Energy
based manufacturer and developer of battery packs, bms and s especially for levs. — Manufacturer: Hi Tech Energy Inc nergy.com.tw
drive by Plug’n Charge
heel, separable by a plug on the body, only interor system, further installations are not necessary. us based, new innovative production process. cturer: Plug’n Charge GmbH gncharge.de
Charging station by Ziegler
lev charging stations for the ideal combination of secure parking and charging Example 1: with roof and safe deposit box (i.e. for company fleets) Example 2: charging post with Charge & Lock Cable (clc) socket for public hire systems Example 3: retrofittable public charging station for parking decks — Manufacturer: E. Ziegler Metallbearbeitung ag www.ziegler-metall.de
Charging station with cli by abus, Marquardt & Ziegler
Example of a Charge & Lock Interface (cli) at a charging station. This system is also suitable for hire systems: lev is released when the user wants to hire it. Manufacturer: E. Ziegler Metallbearbeitung ag, Marquardt & abus www.ziegler-metall.de www.marquardt.com www.abus.com
Charging station by Plug’n Charge
EnergyBus & can-open454 based, variants: mobile portable charger. Give-away station, low budget, public charging stations for companies and municipalities. — Manufacturer: Plug’n Charge GmbH www.plugncharge.de
Charge & Lock Interface by Marquardt & abus
Charge & Lock Interface (cli) for integrating into or external assembly onto lev frame with transmitter for rfid key. (Picture shows integrated solution for a pedelec by Stromer) — Manufacturer: Marquardt & abus www.marquardt.com www.abus.com
Charge & Lock Cable by abus
The Charge & Lock Cable (clc) combines both functions of charging and locking in one single process. It will be available in different security standards and is suitable for locking only and for locking and charging at a charging station. — Manufacturer: abus www.abus.com
Connectors & cable assemblies by Rosenberger
opa
gearbox in one unit. Gerpowertrain and battery sysfollows the rules of Energyneering GmbH.
International connector manufacturer based in Germany. Which has developed the released version of the magnetic EnergyBus charging connector as well a proposed 4 pin connector. — Manufacturer: Rosenberger Hochfrequenztechnik GmbH & Co. kg www.rosenberger.de
Software by emtas
Emtas develops software for various communication protocols e.g. canopen. EnergyBus is supported with an EnergyBus communication framework, EnergyBus analysis and development tools and professional consulting, training and support for the implementation of EnergyBus devices. Manufacturer: emtas GmbH www.emtas.de
Charger by Hi Tech Energy
Taiwan-based manufacturer and developer of battery packs, bms and chargers especially for levs. This charger is offered in two versions even with the same housing and quite similar specifications but made by two different suppliers. — Manufacturer: Hi Tech Energy Inc www.htenergy.com.tw
Single solution
Treasurer Hannes Neupert discusses EnergyBus and its work in bringing together energy and information in a single connection EnergyBus is a member organisation that consists of persons, institutions, associations and companies. Everyone who wants to works with and on the EnergyBus standard is free to join. As a member, one will gain access to the EnergyBus protocol, be allowed to use EnergyBus applications and connectors and is entitled to work on the development of more features. EnergyBus has seen constant growth since 2007. Currently, there are about 60 members. Some of them already apply the EnergyBus communication protocol and coupler set; others use still the beta version of the EnergyBus charging coupler. Furthermore, members come together in the various technical committees to define and improve the EnergyBus standard. Together with iso and iec committees, the members are dedicated to harmonise interfaces connecting energy and communication. This is enabling more cost-effective innovation and technological progress. Most members come from the light electric vehicle industry, so they are manufacturers of (electric) bikes, drive systems, applications, batteries, human-machine-interfaces and more. Institutions like ExtraEnergy e.V., itri or Can in Automation and the Fraunhofer Institute are driving forces behind innovations and ideas for the future. These are then often realised in co-operation with members from the industry and development partners like emtas GmbH.
In 2011 the first EnergyBus connector set sold 300,000 units in a trial of its beta version. In March 2012 the final version was released.
The first joint preparatory meeting by iso and iec members, held 4 – 7 of December 2012 in Shenzhen, China. Here, the way for a universal pedelec infrastructure solution will be paved – EnergyBus is the only proposal on the table.
Lately more and more members have joined that offer solutions for infrastructure or are providers of it themselves. They come from the tourism industry with rental schemes for pedelecs or providers like Deutsche Bahn which combines their train network with bikes. For them, a charging infrastructure that uses one single connector, which is not limited to be used in only one kind of vehicle, means freedom and safety for the future.
EnergyBus e.V. Hannes Neupert (Treasurer) y +49 36646 210 68 l info@energybus.org g www.EnergyBus.org The first universal public charring and locking infrastructure, installed by EnergyBus members for a trial project. It allows the charging of any brand pedelec which has an EnergyBus connector. Gov5 Front Cover3_AMEND
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Algirdas Šemeta:
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Günther Oettinger:
The Commissioner responsible for Energy outines efforts to internal energy market advance an
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Antonio Tajani:
The Commission Vice-President on CARS 2020 and the implications for the automotive sector
Pan European Networks:
Government
GOVERNMENT
As Published in the Februar 2013 Edition of Pan European Networks Government 5 Book THE ROOTS OF MOD
February 2013 • issue 05
ERN EUROPE More than 60 years after its founding, the Council remains an international of Europe beacon for fundamental freedoms Front cover inspired by: Supported by:
February 2013 • issue 05
www.paneuropeanne
tworks.com
Global Activities on lev charging infrastructure supported by EnergyBus iso1 and iec2 Global harmonised standardisation In a joint effort, the two international standard organisations iso(mechanical) and iec (electrical) are working on harmonised interfaces for electric two wheelers for a unified dc charging coupler and communication between the charger and the vehicle and/or battery. The first meeting was held at the beginning of December 2012 in Shenzhen, China. The only proposal on the table was the EnergyBus coupler and the EnergyBus protocol. Reports about the process are available here: www.EnergyBus.org
iea hev ia3 Global political platform supports lev standardisation The iea working group represents 17 countries, whose goal is to support on a political and governmental level the spreading of all kind of electrical vehicles, including pedelecs. A new project is scheduled to be focused on pedelecs as an extension of public transport systems. Especially affordable and robust, public locking and charging infrastructure is the key to making it happen. www.ieahev.org
GoPedelec!
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European level The European Union is actively pushing for a unified connector and charging solution to fit all levs in the eu Mandate 468. A single coupler type with standardised communication will become mandatory. Many details on lew infrastructure have been published by the eu in the GoPedelec! handbook which is available for free in German, English, French, Spanish, Czech, Hungarian, Italian, and Dutch. A free download of the handbook is available in several languages at www.gopedelec.eu
German national level The National Bicycle-Traffic-Plan 2020 (nrvp2020) of the German federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development, which was agreed upon by the German parliament on 5 September 2012, includes clear self binding statements on the establishment of public charging infrastructure for levs to be established by 2020. www.bmvbs.de
Industry and private level The joint pilots project by the German Alps region Tegernsee, Schliersee and the Austrian region Achensee teamed up with EnergyBus members. This team has established in 2012 a standard charging infrastructure for pedelecs. The core idea is a standard charging and locking cable, which is making the mechanical and electrical connection between the pedelec and the bicycle stand. This system will be tested within the pilot region in the summer of 2013. Further details regarding the companies involved in this project are available here: www.charging-infrastructure.org 1 International Organization for Standardization — 2 International Electrotechnical Commission International Energy Agency (IEA) — 3 Implementing Agreement for electric and hybrid vehicles
We are En drive unit & systems
human-machine interface
software
energystorage device & chargers
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join today →
nergyBus components & development houses
connector & cable-harness
sales & service
institutions & partners
infrastructure & operators
www.energybus.org
www.charging-infrastructure.org
ChargE & LoCk CaBLE ALERT
test region Charge & Lock Cable
Branch standard - EnergyBus
More range
More safety
The basic idea is to combine of the
LEVs of different types and brands
Periods of non-usage or breaks can
Safe protection against theft and
functions of charging & locking in one
can be charged with only one charging
be used to charge up the vehicle.
vandalism thanks to a new electronic
single product – the Charge & Lock Cable.
system. In EU directives, a charging
It is no longer necessary to seek out
locking system.
standard for LEVs is already provided.
a „gas station“.
GER TegernseeSchliersee
AUT
Achensee
project partners Alpenregion Tegernsee Schliersee
Contact person → Andreas Fuchs Phone → +49 36646 210 68 Fax → +49 36646 210 69 Mail → andreas.fuchs@energybus.org Web → www.energybus.org Address → Koskauer Straße 100 · 07922 Tanna (Germany)