OLIVER BALDOCK
PORTFOLIO DEVELOPING AFFORDABLE ADAPTABLE LOW CARBON HOUSING
Oliver Baldock | Feilden Clegg Bradley Studios | Architecture Apprenticeship Level Seven
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0 | INTRODUCTION 0.0 | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This project has proved challenging. And so has this portfolio. Perhaps due to the length of the course, and the breadth of areas that have been covered and studied by my design and research, it has made it a difficult task to synthesise everything. Nonetheless, I am pleased with the outcome. Is there more I would have liked to explore, certainly, but I have made considerable progress in both my skills and knowledge since late 2018. This project looks to explore affordable, adaptable, low carbon housing. The middle of those has been the hardest to get my head around. To understand how social housing can be produce so that it can adapt over its lifetime has been problematic. I have come up with a solution, is it the only one? Probably not, but it is unique and has some strong research behind it, as does the rest of my design work. The other two challenges were relatively easy, as it's what I typically do on a day to day basis in the office. However, I really wanted to push them, to understand where a reasonable limit lies. And I think I've done that, the details in Section 17 look believable, and I am pleased with the design approach. Hopefully, through this portfolio, the presentation and my thesis you can understand my ideas, where my time has been focused, and what I enjoy designing. Thank you for reading. Oliver Baldock
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0 | INTRODUCTION 0.1 | CONTENTS
0
INTRODUCTION
4.5
OVERLAPPING WORKSTREAMS
41
9.6
SOURCING TIMBER
81
14
GROUND FLOOR
9.6
TIMBER & BUILDING REGS.
82
14.1
EXISTING USES
125
14.2
PROPOSED USE 01
126
14.3
PROPOSED USE 02
127
0.0
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
02
0.1
CONTENTS
03
5
0.2
TRACKING PROGRESS
04
5.1
THE MASTERPLAN
43
10
GENERAL ARRANGEMENT
0.3
ADDRESSING FEEDBACK
05
5.2
CAMDEN COUNCIL ESTATES
44
10.1
EXISTING LEVEL 00 PLAN
84
14.4
PROPOSED USE 03
128
0.4
PART 3 & PEDR COVERAGE
06
5.3
SITE IDENTIFICATION
45
10.2
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
85
14.5
EXTERNAL DESIGN APPROACH
129
0.5
MASTERS OVERVIEW
07
5.4
DATA SOURCES
46
10.3
PROPOSAL OVERVIEW
86
14.6
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
130
5.5
ALGORITHM DEVELOPMENT
47
10.4
PROPOSED LEVEL 00 PLAN
87
14.7
A NEW STREET
5.6
ALGORITHM OUTPUT
48
10.5
PROPOSED LEVEL 01 PLAN
88
1
MANIFESTO
SITE CONTEXT
01
REUSE FIRST, BUILD SECOND
09
5.7
MAPPED OPPORTUNITIES
49
10.6
PROPOSED LEVEL 02 PLAN
89
15
02
CONTEXT BEFORE EVERYTHING OR: LOVE THY CITY
10
5.8
CAPACITY STUDIES
50
10.7
PROPOSED LEVEL 03 PLAN
90
03
SUSTAINABILITY BREEDS AFFORDABILITY
11
10.8
PROPOSED LEVEL 04 PLAN
04
LIVE HOW YOU LIKE
12
6
10.9
05
CHANGE WHEN YOU NEED
13
6.1
OVERVIEW
52
06
WORK WHERE YOU WANT
14
6.2
SITE ANALYSIS
07
PLAY WITH WHOMEVER
15
6.3
08
FROM POSSESSION TO EXPERIENCE
16
09
FROM GLOBAL TO LOCAL
10
MOVE SLOW AND GROW
2
DETAILED DRAWINGS
132
15.1
GROUND FLOOR
133
91
15.2
FIRST FLOOR
135
PROPOSED LEVEL 05 PLAN
92
15.3
SECOND FLOOR
137
10.10
PROPOSED ROOF PLAN
93
15.4
THIRD FLOOR
139
53
10.11
ELEVATIONS
94
15.5
FOURTH FLOOR
141
SITE OVERVIEW
54
10.12
SECTIONS
95
15.6
FIFTH FLOOR
143
6.4
HERITAGE OVERVIEW
55
10.13
AERIAL VIEW
96
15.7
ROOF
145
17
6.5
HISTORIC DEVELOPMENT
56
10.14
VIEW FROM SOUTH
98
18
6.6
SITE PHOTOS
57
11
STRUCTURAL APPROACH
11.1
CONCEPTUAL OVERVIEW
100
16`
CONDITIONS
147
11.2
IMPORTANCE OF THE BAY
101
16.1
CONDITION OVERVIEW
148
CLIMATE CATASTROPHE
2.0
CURRENT SITUATION
2.1
131
7
PANCRAS ROAD ARCHES
ENGAGEMENT
20
7.1
COMMUNITY CONCERNS
59
11.3
DEVELOPMENT OF THE ASSEMBLY PROCESS
102
16.2
CONDITION A
149
IMPACT OF THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
21
7.2
LOCAL VS. GLOBAL
60
11.4
THE ASSEMBLY PROCESS
103
16.3
CONDITION B
150
2.2
RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT
22
7.3
USER INFLUENCE
61
11.5
STRUCTURAL INTENT
104
16.4
CONDITION C
151
2.3
RESEARCH FINDINGS
23
7.4
COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT METHODOLOGIES
62
11.6
EXPLODED STRUCTURE
105
16.5
CONDITION D
152
2.3
RESEARCH FINDINGS
24
7.5
COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
63
11.7
SECTION THROUGH STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
106
2.4
DESIGN AS A TOOL FOR AWARENESS
25
7.6
RESIDENT ENGAGEMENT
64
2.4
DESIGN AS A TOOL FOR AWARENESS
26
7.7
RESIDENT ENGAGEMENT
65
8 3
HOUSING CRISIS
SITE SPECIFIC CONCEPTS
17 12
RESIDENTIAL LAYOUTS
DETAILED DESIGN
17.1
MATERIALITY REFERENCES
154
12.1
EXAMINATION OF SPACE STANDARDS
108
17.2
ITERATIVE PROCESS
155
12.2
OVERVIEW OF LAYOUT DEVELOPMENT
109
17.3
DETAIL 01 - EXISTING WALL / NEW FLOOR
157
8.1
DEMANDING RETROFIT
67
12.3
ITERATION 01
110
17.4
DETAIL 02 - EXISTING WALL / NEW FLOOR
158
3.1
AT A NATIONAL LEVEL
28
8.2
IMPROVING DENSITY
68
12.5
ITERATION 02
111
17.5
DETAIL 03 - NEW WALL / NEW FLOOR
159
3.2
WITHIN CAMDEN
29
8.3
LEARNING FROM CONTEXT
69
12.4
ITERATION 03
112
17.6
DETAIL 04 - NEW WALL / NEW ROOF
160
3.3
HIGHER DENSITY IS BETTER
30
8.4
ESTABLISHING A STRUCTURAL APPROACH
70
12.5
ITERATION 04
113
17.7
DETAIL 05 - ROOF PITCH
161
3.4
ONE ROUTE TO DENSITY
31
8.5
CREATING ACCESS
71
17.8
DETAIL 06 - NEW WALL - NEW BALCONY
162
3.5
FUNDING & AFFORDABILITY
32
8.6
INTRODUCING VARIETY
72
13
LIMINAL SPACES
17.9
DETAIL 07 - EXISTING WALL - NEW BALCONY
163
3.6
MENTAL HEALTH & URBAN LIVING
33
8.7
DEVELOPING COHESION
73
13.1
TYPES OF SPACE
115
17.10
DETAIL 08 - GLULAM STRUCTURE
164
3.7
HAPPIER CITIES
34
13.2
URBAN SPACE AND MENTAL HEALTH
116
17.11
DETAIL 09 - GLULAM STRUCTURE
165
13.3
SPATIAL EXPERIENCE & ITS IMPACTS
117
17.12
DETAIL 10 - STAIR CORE
166
9 4
HOW WE WORK
SUSTAINABILITY
9.1
SUSTAINABILITY OVERVIEW
75
13.4
DESIGNING PRIVACY
118
17.13
DETAIL 11 - 1 BED 1 PERSON
167
120
17.14
DETAIL 14 - 3 BED 5 PERSON
169 170
4.1
THE BUSINESS MODEL
36
9.2
FORM FINDING
76
13.5
DESIGN ITERATIONS
4.2
THE DESIGN PROCESS
37
9.2
OVERHEATING
77
13.6
FROM PUBLIC TO PRIVATE
121
17.15
DETAIL 15 - FLEXIBLE PARTITIONS
4.3
THE STAKEHOLDERS
38
9.3
EMBODIED CARBON
78
13.7
STAIR CORE DEVELOPMENT
122
17.16
DETAIL 16 - LIBRARY OVERVIEW
4.4
USER ENGAGEMENT
39
9.4
DISASSEMBLY & END OF LIFE
79
13.8
STAIR CORE & SHARED SPACE
123
4.5
PRECEDENTS
40
9.5
TIMBER PRECEDENTS
80
18
CONCLUSION
171
173
O l i v e r B a l d o c k | A rc h i t e c t u re A p p re nt i c e s h i p Lev e l 7
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0 | INTRODUCTION 0.2 | TRACKING PROGRESS
Criteria
Knowledge [K]
Skills [S]
ARB/ RIBA Criteria
Apprenticeship Criteria Code
Knowledge An Architect has an understanding of...
Skills An Architect is able to…
ARB/RIBA Code
ARB/RIBA Criteria at Part 2/ Part 3
1. Design
A range of advanced processes and techniques (e.g. digital fabrication) to generate, review and speculate on design proposals with multiple constraints, showing evidence of original thinking
Generate architectural design proposals Evaluate and apply a comprehensive range of visual, oral and written media to test, analyse, critique and explain design proposals Produce drawings and 3D models using relevant software including Computer-Aided Design (CAD)
GC1 Ability to
.1 prepare and present building design projects of diverse scale, complexity, and type in a variety of contexts, using a range of media, and in response to a brief; .2 understand the constructional and structural systems, the environmental strategies and the regulatory requirements that apply to the design and construction of a comprehensive design project; .3 develop a conceptual and critical approach to architectural design that integrates and satisfies the aesthetic aspects of a building and the technical requirements of its construction and the needs of the user.
2. History and Theory
History of architecture and its impact on architectural practice The cultural, social and intellectual histories, theories and technologies that influence the design of buildings
Apply understanding of current architectural debate to produce innovative solutions Produce clear, logically argued and original written work relating to architectural culture, theory and design
GC2 Knowledge of
.1 the cultural, social and intellectual histories, theories and technologies that influence the design of buildings; .2 the influence of history and theory on the spatial, social, and technological aspects of architecture; .3 the application of appropriate theoretical concepts to studio design projects, demonstrating a reflective and critical approach.
50
3. Fine Arts
How the theories, practices and technologies of the arts influence architectural design and their creative application in design projects
Apply fine art theories in a creative way that acknowledges their conceptualisation and representation
GC3 Knowledge of
.1 how the theories, practices and technologies of the arts influence architectural design; .2 the creative application of the fine arts and their relevance and impact on architecture; .3 the creative application of such work to studio design projects, in terms of their conceptualisation and representation.
50
4. Urban Design and Planning
Urban design and town planning strategies and regulations Process of obtaining planning permission (e.g. drawings, reports, application)
Comply with relevant town planning policy throughout design and construction phases to obtain planning permission (e.g. submitting planning application)
GC4 Knowledge of
.1 theories of urban design and the planning of communities; .2 the influence of the design and development of cities, past and present on the contemporary built environment; .3 current planning policy and development control legislation, including social, environmental and economic aspects, and the relevance of these to design development.
60
5. People and Environment
The in-depth relationships between users and buildings, between buildings and their environment, and the need to relate buildings and the spaces between them to diverse user needs and scale
Identify end user needs, local and the social context in which the project is developed Lead design development in respect of environmental context and sustainability
GC5 Understanding of
.1 the needs and aspirations of building users; .2 the impact of buildings on the environment, and the precepts of sustainable design; .3 the way in which buildings fit in to their local context.
50
6. Role of Architect
The range of services offered by Architects The potential impact of building projects on existing and proposed communities and the related planning legislation The context of the Architect and the construction industry, including the Architect’s role in the processes of procurement and building production The role of the Architect within the design team and construction industry
Lead projects or parts of projects, taking into consideration business priorities and practice management Deliver services in a responsible manner, prioritising the interests of the client and other stakeholders Problem-solve and use professional judgment to take initiative and make appropriate decisions in situations with multiple constraints
GC6 Understanding of
.1 the nature of professionalism and the duties and responsibilities of architects to clients, building users, constructors, coprofessionals and the wider society; .2 the role of the architect within the design team and construction industry, recognising the importance of current methods and trends in the construction of the built environment; .3 the potential impact of building projects on existing and proposed communities.
60
GC7 Understanding of
.1 the need to critically review precedents relevant to the function, organisation and technological strategy of design proposals; .2 the need to appraise and prepare building briefs of diverse scales and types, to define client and user requirements and their appropriateness to site and context; .3 the contributions of architects and co-professionals to the formulation of the brief, and the methods of investigation used in its preparation.
60
7. Brief Analysis
The client and design team briefing process, forms and terms of appointment Methods of investigation and preparation of briefs for the design projects (e.g. review of relevant precedent)
Critically review precedents relevant to the function, organisation and technological strategy of a design proposals Prepare and develop a project brief (e.g. by referring to RIBA Plan of Work)
8. Structure, Construction and Engineering
Structural, construction and engineering considerations within building design, such as physical properties and characteristics of building materials, components and systems
Integrate knowledge of structural principles and construction techniques with building design
GC8 Understanding of
.1 the investigation, critical appraisal and selection of alternative structural, constructional and material systems relevant to architectural design; .2 strategies for building construction, and ability to integrate knowledge of structural principles and construction techniques; .3 the physical properties and characteristics of building materials, components and systems, and the environmental impact of specification choices.
9. Technologies
Principles, systems and strategies for environmental comfort and building services including sustainability principles Alternative construction materials, processes and techniques that apply to design and construction, including the impact of materials on the environment The role of Building Information Modelling (BIM), computational design and other relevant technologies used in the design process
Evaluate materials, processes and techniques that apply to architectural designs with multiple constraints and building construction, and how to integrate these into practicable design proposals Apply various technological methods to building design to provide conditions of comfort and protection against the environment
GC9 Knowledge of
.1 principles associated with designing optimum visual, thermal and acoustic environments; .2 systems for environmental comfort realised within relevant precepts of sustainable design; .3 strategies for building services, and ability to integrate these in a design project.
GC10 Skills to
.1 critically examine the financial factors implied in varying building types, constructional systems, and specification choices, and the impact of these on architectural design; .2 understand the cost control mechanisms which operate during the development of a project; .3 prepare designs that will meet building users’ requirements and comply with UK legislation, appropriate performance standards and health and safety requirements.
GC11 Knowledge of
.1 the fundamental legal, professional and statutory responsibilities of the architect, and the organisations, regulations and procedures involved in the negotiation and approval of architectural designs, including land law, development control, building regulations and health and safety legislation; .2 the professional inter-relationships of individuals and organisations involved in procuring and delivering architectural projects, and how these are defined through contractual and organisational structures; .3 the basic management theories and business principles related to running both an architect’s practice and architectural projects, recognising current and emerging trends in the construction industry.
10. Finance and Regulations
Process of controlling building cost Approved Documents for building regulations
Meet client’s brief within the constraints of the imposed budget limitations and building regulations
Interact with statutory authorities (e.g. planning or building control), private bodies (e.g. developers) or individuals to competently deliver projects in a wide variety of sectors and within diverse legislative frameworks
11. Industry Context and Project Delivery
Industries, organisations, regulations and procedures involved in translating design concepts into buildings and integrating plans into overall planning
The Graduate Attributes for Part 2
GA2 With regard to meeting the eleven General Criteria at Parts 1 and 2 above, the Part 2 will be awarded to students who have:
1
ability to generate complex design proposals showing understanding of current architectural issues, originality in the application of subject knowledge and, where appropriate, to test new hypotheses and speculations;
2
ability to evaluate and apply a comprehensive range of visual, oral and written media to test, analyse, critically appraise and explain design proposals;
3
ability to evaluate materials, processes and techniques that apply to complex architectural designs and building construction, and to integrate these into practicable design proposals;
4
critical understanding of how knowledge is advanced through research to produce clear, logically argued and original written work relating to architectural culture, theory and design;
5
understanding of the context of the architect and the construction industry, including the architect’s role in the processes of procurement and building production, and under legislation;
6
problem solving skills, professional judgment, and ability to take the initiative and make appropriate decisions in complex and unpredictable circumstances; and
7
ability to identify individual learning needs and understand the personal responsibility required to prepare for qualification as an architect.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
60
60
70
65
2.1
70
2.2
2.3
2.4
3.1
3.2
3.3
60
75
62
67
63
68
73
63
60
64
70
65
68
60
70
65
60
65
70
50
61
70
50
65
60
61
67
60
60
70
60
60
60
60
70
65
68
75
67
70
70
65
70
70
60
70
57
65
80
70
71
68
57
70
60
80
65
70
70
70
67
62
63
67
73
63
58
68
60
68
70
62 60
64
63
60 70
70
60 68
70
60
62
70
60
61
70
67
69 70
69
70
75
68
70
70
68
72
63
RMD Learning Outcomes LO1
demonstrate a critical and advanced knowledge related to architecture and the design of buildings and its relevance to current research in the field
64
70
70
70
80
80
LO2
critically analyse the relationship between theory, practice and research to inform a research question or hypothesis and develop a research programme
62
70
70
80
80
80
LO3
demonstrate the rigorous selection of advanced qualitative and quantitative research processes, methods and techniques based on an evaluative understanding and critical reflection
52
70
70
70
70
70
GA 2.2
ability to evaluate and apply a comprehensive range of visual, oral and written media to test, analyse, critically appraise and explain design proposals + systematically organise, structure and clearly and professionally present the proposal for an investigation at an advanced level for a chosen topic
52
60
80
60
60
70
52
60
60
70
70
70
63
60
70
80
80
80
GA 2.4 GA2.6
critical understanding of how knowledge is advanced through research to produce clear, logically argued and original written work relating to architectural culture, theory and design problem solving skills, professional judgment, and ability to take the initiative and make appropriate decisions in complex and unpredictable circumstances
O l i v e r B a l d o c k | A rc h i t e c t u re A p p re nt i c e s h i p Lev e l 7
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0 | INTRODUCTION 0.3 | ADDRESSING FEEDBACK P[1.1] DV: Sound ambitions and plans for future learning and gaining experience. This sounds like you are understanding how to adopt the appropriate approach for each situation and e.g. avoid doing work which is not necessary. Perfectionism has its place, but is not always necessary. Title sheet should be included and should introduce the project and include name, assignment and other relevant information KKJ: A very interesting document clearly presented. Strong use of Information modelling and suggest to continue developing. Good background research into distribution of housing. Some of document unreadable (partly tech issue we will review methods of splitting documents to help with this)
I[1.1] DV: Good concept of family of components to occupy roof spaces. Map all these spaces, sort and classify them. Identify potential sites in this way. This should be what drives the parameters (dimensions) of the proposed units. KKJ: Demonstrated very strong logical approach and pragmatic thinking that could deliver real project today. Please use the template for presentation. Push further and less safe. Gain understanding of manufacturing processes and look to deliver beyond the proposed standard “can be built now” approach. Could the building build itself. Could it have manufacturing on site and when required build extension ...for who and why is the proposed methods you’re suggesting be suitable. I would encourage you to think how this approach would offer opportunities for tomorrow. Demonstrated very strong ability to translate design through the intensive. Good initial draft of the CTM learning outcomes clearly mapped. Would benefit from explanation of relationships across elements. Please continue to use the CTM to support the business information model. PS: The idea to increase density of council housing is realistic and sound. There is a need to study the density of existing developments i.e. what is a liveable high density development? Case studies around London would be a good idea to study and evaluate in terms of liveability. Lots of ‘kind of’ in the oral presentation. The proposal needs to consider the impact of the addition on the quality of the existing buildings eg light and the urban spaces. Set yourself a set of quality criteria for the housing in an ideal case and then try to achieve it within this context and with increased density. e business information model. P[1.2] The focus on the stages is interesting and should be pushed further. The approach however is very systematic and not clear about end user and human factors of the space. Clear knowledge of design methods and processes trained in intensive 1 is demonstrated. CTM demonstrates good insights at company level moving forward would suggest bespoke towards the specific project focus (each project is a new business model & how can this have potential impact in how the practice would operate if engaged in such a project) I[1.2] DV: Presentation does not focus on the point and dwells to much on redundant information. Fails to make use of tooling available. Good analysis of site condition, but this was based on previous research. The design does not seem to have evolved during the workshop. How do you demonstrate understanding of “human factors”? How do you make use of techniques learned? How does this address the question of architects becoming redundant in the future? How does this go beyond a residential sales project? KKJ: good approach to persona modelling in regards to the adaptation of the ....break apart space and component approach has merit... look beyond the panels specifically and look beyond and tie into the DfMA process (understand the limitations of the fabrication... How does the algorithm adapt to the user? PS: Well justified approach that is supported with sound data. Excellent research into the challenges of housing in the area. The design process is sound and used unity successfully as a design tool for the designers and the users. The VR can also help the local community be informed and feedback on the proposal. The design of the existing building can be addressed in the same way. The process of delivery of housing should be further developed as it is integral to the proposal. The aesthetics of the new units could be investigated further as the current proposal is considered extensively from the user perspective, but there is a challenge in terms of meshing the user needs and the architectural aesthetics. P[1.3] Research Question: // Quantifying carbon emissions considering quality of design criteria including design for happiness _ Clear aim // Two aims - one only should be developed _ Justification of aim // good justification for area of research _ Clear objectives //gaps in knowledge have been identified but the actual objectives need to be more clearly defined _ Clear methods // no _ Reviewed relevant sources // 20 reliable sources from varied sources _ writing clear //yes _ referencing to Harvard style and correct // yes -in some cases references are missing where one would expect them e.g. paragraph 1 needs a reference _ //The review is very well structured and extensive. Two subjects are covered and it may be possible to use the happiness in buildings as one criteria used to evaluate the carbon intensity construction. HOW TO LINK TO YEAR 2-3 DESIGN PROJECT: Apply to housing design. See Jim. I[3] Intro Presentation // Clear articulation of the project context. Focus on comfort (happiness in the urban environment) proposes attention is the key importance of mental health looking into factors within the environment public accessible but private_ suggest to look into
the acoustic and light levels look beyond the partition_ could the partition could expand to volume (privacy booth _sandwich structures) Leap from focus to a mechanised system (does not have to be robotic to be responsive) integrating new communities into existing is interesting _be reflective in terms of how the proposed systems would begin to be developed and reactive to this I[1.3] BM: Linear rather than iterative; did not take enough exploration of possibilities afforded by Hoberman sphere (just used pre-existing design); talked about exploring dynamic movement between spheres but did not explore this; presentation well received by panel; not clear on which data and where it comes from (i.e. tapping into pre-existing data sources like AQI) DV: Final prototype could have been much more refined with better group strategic choice of direction, and iteration. Good demonstration of technical capability but missing deeper level of design resolution due to excess exploration of divergent schemes. The time spent on site model would have been better invested in showing how the modules would come together as the computer model does not capture that level of information. KKJ: The presentation focused on pollution as the key design driver to respond to....live data to raise awareness of pollution... good prototyping approach looking into material qualities and form finding...multiple iterations did not fully explore alternative methods which could have been used to define levels of success and failures of approach have been learned and supportive of the final iteration... I would encourage the team to have considered the experience and in-habitation of the space as seems more like the Christmas lights but not a spatial experience/ interaction..what would the social impact be... is this seasonal or more permanent installation?.. a website is proposed but not clear what this would bring beyond an Instagram type experience... MQ: Clear presentation, able to articulate the project and answered the questions well. The overall form is not clear; we do not know how it detracts and shrinks + expands. Would be good to see the difference in range of size. The ball reacting to different types of pollution. What are the safe range of pollution? PS: Visualising pollution. The different states i.e. small pollution = small cloud and high pollution = large cloud could have been more clearly illustrated / explained more clearly. The social impact is not as clear as it could be. The rationale is very clear and the idea is interesting but perhaps it would need to be explained visually and without an app. (perhaps lights spelling out the message of the problem that switch on at times) in addition to the app. Could be pushed as an idea and designed to stop traffic when the pollution levels are over the legal limit. The idea of using in different cities is great and could be developed further. Similar to interactive column at Westgate, which has stopped working. Overall strong. Time Management for first phase of intensive was at risk (this may have been to the ambition to create the “perfect output” as opposed to fully committing to the iterative approach). However the team had reacted very positively for the second phase delivery on the brief / Constructive Team building demonstrating high level of professionalism within constraints recognized importance of distributing tasks and collectively reaching decisions/ Logical approach to problem solving in uncertainty through iterative approach evaluating the success of the design. More iterations may have driven the design further/ in the first phase there was some confusion in how to move forward however in the second phase the team demonstrated good decision making process reacting to constraints and focusing on objectives enabled the team to deliver to high level standard/ Demonstrated Critical thinking following Interim presentation with clear objectives outlined for Second phase of the Intensive which was executed. I[1.4] DV: Great self-reflection. Clear definition of research proposal and good understanding of questions yet to explore. High relevance of topic (automation of housing designs, driven by user input as well as structural and urban constraints). Good questioning of role of the architect in the future, and potential of BIM for challenges yet to come. KKJ: Sustainable Future of Housing... embodied energy in construction and end user within the process for more sustainable... used the CTM to link the work within practice ... focused on revising the RIBA plan of work and understanding how FCB work..user integration process is strong arc mental wellbeing tool-kit introduced and helps to support the design approach.... How do you measure happiness >>> if you ask does this biased the response>> designing for awareness is strong topic... what is happening within practice in terms of consultation process.... understanding parameters and how the users can adapt the parameters / component based systems to adapt according to the user.... narrow down what are you measuring how does this impact and drive design... explore more in depth the role of the architect what level of control is offered. PS: Clearly identified key topics but the strength and realistic way forward is to develop a link to the RIBA plan of work of some (not all) key processes (ie health, possibly sustainability aspects but not MMC). Best not to consider issues that other organisation are addressing with more resources. The methods of construction will have a impact on the timeline and that can be ‘modelled’ but should not be a research focus P[2.1] Good reference to current architectural debates and use of precedents which need more careful evaluation. If the design is a framework then notional users need to be considered. Promising. The site needs to be analysed at a more detailed scale. The data in the dissertation draft is excellent, however the dissertation would benefit from being restructured slightly. Before the aims there should be a one paragraph introduction to climate change and the
fact that built environment solutions exist but are not used. This is then followed by your aim which will help address this lack of action. The listed objectives are actually methods not objectives. Objectives is what those methods will achieve in terms of enhancing knowledge. The “research context” section can become part of the main dissertation text which would discuss the drivers and barriers, which could be followed or could integrate your primary research. I[2.1] Clear understanding of the context related to the issues in question, which supports a strong argument for the development. Define what carbon neutral is in relation to embodied energy - how to calculate zero carbon needs to be defined. Also how to assess user satisfaction has to be defined. The role of the architect should be further considered. Very well characterised users that can help to drive the design. Some questions still need to be addressed: see comments about zero carbon. Good look at the context of the housing crisis. Is density the solution? A look at successful precedents would be helpful. Is there a way to measure embodied carbon when purchasing materials in order to inform architects who are specifying products? Like building energy performance certificates for embodied energy. Your research into the issues of cost as a barrier will help inform the design proposal. The reason for 50 houses will need to be justified through the design process. Good use of diagram to show your ideas and links between the design and research. P[2.2]
exciting project and presentation. I love the poster, its really effective and could be a piece of art on its own! The QR codes work really well to show the views from the homes. I wonder if there’s a way you could walkthrough the spaces via a QR code, almost like google streetview navigating? Love love love your poster and graphics. Graphics are spot on the tell the story. Very clear presentation and narrative as always. I agree that testing your project around Camden could be really beneficial to understanding if this works at other sites. Are the size of the rooms what the user actually needs? Great presentation, very clear to understand the process of work. Data-driven design process. Testing it what you have done with different algorithms. Looking at COVID-19, would be great to consider larger spaces, consider some greenery/ balconies. How can you take this and try it on a different site, you could learn from the algorithm by putting it into multiple different places. If you’ve done this in your matrix presented earlier, can you take one of these other sites and apply the thinking to it to this other context to see whether your thinking is all aligned. Does your project tie in affordability and low carbon, how can this really integrate into your project. Can you make sure that your form responds to context? More than just being a universal language across all spaces – really interesting how your modules relate to the arches at the moment, but how can you adapt this to other contexts. Is the building growing out the ground, or being dropped from the sky? Are you transporting space or transporting components. I[2.3] MS: Good development since the beginning of the intensive and starting to look at amenity space. Great exploration of using an app. Great to test this on a different site - see what other opportunities a different site might offer.
No feedback I[2.2] GS: ML problem is well situated in the context of the design project. well identified opportunity and benefits of automation and utilisation of data. Very clear presentation. Could expand the variables. DV/KKJ: identified Big data at pre stage 0 and where ML learning can be used in order to provide solution for site analysis and site definition. clear and relevant data sets defined that have drive potential site selection recognised areas for improvement... carbon negative is proposed think of carbon offset think of section 106 for carbon footprints ... revisit the site consider the development you have worked on with ML ... is your original site viable for the original ambition for housing .. your current stage may disprove your original site and strategy. P[2.3] MS: Very good research paper. Very good presentation in a format like a research paper/ journal article. Excellent understanding of what an abstract must consist of. Make sure that all the fonts are correct within the text. Instead of saying the questionnaire was sent to personal and professional connections, talk about the sample population e.g. the sample population from the questionnaire was mainly London based. The conclusion does not pull in the main area of research - embodied carbon. Make sure to related back to the main area of research at every stage. Good initial analysis of data showing three key areas to investigate further. It will be very interesting to see what else has been found with this data as further analysis is undertaken. I[2.3] - Mid Presentation: feedback from peers How can you make the space adaptable to the individual as the requirements of their life change? Very clear and good analysis of adaptability. If one unit is being upgraded or expanded how does that impact on the units next to it? Can it still expand? What are the restrictions on council houses currently? How does the houses adapt to people ambitions and life circumstances change (for instance being a teenager and then an adult while there) Find out what the council has in terms of restriction on developing or changing a could house, layouts etc. Devil advocate type of attitude to be carried out about your work. Such as if some asked you “We will house you in to a build of which you will have to expand and contract all the time - would you want to live there”: Little Big House: www.archdaily.com/774668/ mje-house-little-big-houses-number-2-pkmn-architectures: Good point, get the end users in from the start. Make some decision that need to be made and move forward with it, such as regarding amenity spaces. Already seems like you have thought through many aspects, might benefit from the poster focusing on the very fundamental aspects of the projects and communicating those. Reduction of carbon from housing. Clear presentation. And clear explanation of the whole process. How can you further take this idea into a more flexible space once the module is set. Restrictions set by council housing – can these be used to frame or give opportunities to your project? Interesting concept of feelings and emotions vs tracking systems Services: BIM approach. How does the space change according to the changing needs? Could you design a partition system that the users interact with? As a precedent, look at the Little Big House in Spain. Maybe show a series of stages of the prefab system being assembled to clarify the construction I[2.3] - Final Presentation: feedback from peers Test this on other sites using a grass roots approach to design (modules respond to each site / rather than just a singular approach. Otherwise, great presentation! Very nice visuals through the whole presentation. And I was very impressed by your poster. Good narrative, clearly and concisely explained despite the massive volume of information you have. I agree with Simon, you might have come to the end of the road with this train of work, and testing it across other roofs would definitely be very interesting as a whole. Changes the role of the architect. Be more generous with the sizes of the units you’re offering, what size spaces do people actually need? Does most efficient space mean the best quality space? Can you turn your proposal into a full design-process that can be applied across camden then across london then across england. How do you do this without losing the sense of place and adapt to the changing users needs and requirements across the site? The modules grow out of the site, rather than being plonked into the site. The metaphor can represent a different approach to modular design. Test the concept you are using on another site. Does it work when you place your restriction and modular systems on another site. Does the system (algorithm) continue to work? Or do you realise you might need to change some of your data considerations. Like your mentor mentioned, seeing how this may work on different sites in different parts of London with different demographics etc. may be a next logical step. Really
I[3.2] What really are the benefits and abilities of DLT, not just as a replacement for a standard wall/floor build up. Draw things as they honestly are (aged brickwork etc). Spatialise the structure, model in 3D. Focus on the issues at the heart of your project. The environment, existing buildings and how mass manufacture/digital construction meets them. Project is on track and achieving DD level of resolution. Some claims remain unsubstantiated and should be explored as a 3d structural model to describe the assemblies you talked about. MPL: Strengths: An overall well considered and well delivered proposal. Very good contextual understanding and quite a mature response to the business model, and its opportunities and potential. Well done. Areas for Improvement: I think some of the aspects of the heritage implications, and construction challenges were a bit optimistic, and could have been more acknowledged as to the financial risk to the project. I thought the AI aspect was very interesting but still a bit confusing as to how this data/what kinds of data could be collected to really make a compelling case for its advantages/investment and the development/logistical costs and risks in relying on this for the business model. (Think NHS track and trace app) Strengths: Very comprehensive proposal and strong business model.
YC - Well rounded presentation covering all points thoroughly. Would be interesting to see how system works across different sites. Keep developing architectural language of modularity across contexts. Challenge existing typologies keeping in mind adaptability and outdoor amenity. Smart integration of key points in poster. I[2.4] Strengths: rigorous research and site analysis encouraged to push further Areas for Improvement: reliability/ validity is your system over-fitted and nullified if deployed on another site location. test in other domains can this effect and highlight potential biased Next Steps: test on other sites. how can this become a value to company use the method to evaluate build database define the variables define potential bias expose missed opportunities and risks in the pull and promise of the new centres of activation Strengths: good identification of practice design methods Areas for Improvement: questioning the bias in the data you collect and the design of data collection Next Steps: Applying research to design MS: Very good work. Abstract is concise and clear and includes all necessary elements, the aims, objectives and methodology are all well linked together. The findings chapter requires an introduction and a brief conclusion. The survey questions are well thought of and shows a clear understanding of the industry and the topic. It would be useful to include a chart showing the sample population jobs/sectors (first question in the survey). Excellent use of visuals and data representation. Good referencing. I[3.1] Clear progression of work and the architectural drawings are starting to take shape. Nice to see your ideas about the end piece and the architecture of the ground floor. Nice material studies for the cladding on the upper floors. Look at the delivery of these units to site - can they be swapped in and out? If you need a 2-bed from a 1-bed can you just go onto an app and order a new unit? Amenity spaces are really important - can you look into having a winter garden or a balcony as another component or within the modules? Also, the work you started on articulating the cores could help break up this looooonnnng building - it could add a layer of complexity to the diagram and make it more legible. Comprehensive and complete set of work with a good link between research and design proposal. Solid and consistent concept throughout. Now it is time to look into the design in more detail. What is the cladding material of the residential block and how is the detail of it? (is it aluminium or timber? expressed seams? blocks pushing in and out or is it one linear continuous volume?). Turn all this research about cost and reduced carbon footprint into project specific diagrams. How does the architecture of the ground floor look like? Work into the arch language. How does the end piece feel like and what is it's specific program. Program will help you define materiality and architectural language Clear concept and link with research. Good use of diagrams to reduce the amount of text on the pages. Good start to looking at a community building. Clear design process. Start exploring the private amenity space and pull them out of the grid investigation. Great start to looking at design for deconstruction using timber and timber joints - keep exploring this for the detail design. RMD: Overall the paper focuses on a very pertinent topic with a well-structured approach. The research seems to be supported well with a good case of references. From the objectives of the paper, the fourth one (To explore potential opportunities arising from cleaner construction) should be linked to the research-led design chapter that is yet to be drafted. Ideally this should also then correlate with the design side of the work as a way to support your own arguments with the design project as an example. Novel construction techniques as well as technological advances on manufacturing methodologies should be explored in depth as a way forward with the research. This can come in the further research chapter. In that way, some speculation could be made on the future approach for reducing the carbon footprint of the built environment. The conclusion chapter (3.8) makes a good –but rather short- summary and gives some arguments on how to improve the solving approach for the carbon footprint problem. However these arguments could have also shown your opinion in a clearer way regarding the (3.2) Engagement, (3.3) Education, (3.4) Social Perception. Regarding the visuals, there is some use of diagrams that facilitate the communication of the research findings. This is not enough. They need to be positioned better, like in some cases where more than one figure is placed next to another. Also, some of text on those figures are appearing to be quite small in size. Furthermore there should also be accompanying images or photographs when referring to specific aspects such as the ‘sustainable’ approach to design. Good use of language, check grammar.
RMD: Overall very well structured thesis. Chapter 4 makes an in-depth analysis of the financial viability of low embodied carbon and attempts to link this to the practice through the proposed project. A good and very comprehensive review. There can be some further improvement on the structure of this chapter; it seems to jump between the literature and the proposed project rather than link the two. It would be good to find a similar structure for all sub sections e.g. 'this is the current state of affairs' 'this is what the theory says can be done' ' this is what current practice actually does' and finally 'this is how it informed my project/ my own speculation about practice'. All information is already included in your section it just needs slight restructuring. The use of brackets in section 2 subsection titles is not consistent and a little bit confusing. As you already noted, it would be good to have each plan design iterations annotated describing the changes between the plans. Overall very good use of language and well-structured arguments. Avoid long sentences, check punctuation (some minor errors). Avoid using the first person in an academic paper e.g. change 'I have made a number of assumptions...' to 'assumptions were made...'. In regards to your questions; I would keep section 4.6 and frame it as an alternative to an exclusively financial assessment of the scheme and its feasibility. It stands in interesting contrast to 4.3. Add a conclusion to the whole section 4. A good example of a well-formatted practice-led thesis is AI + Architecture by Stanislas Chaillou (you will be able to find it online on Issuu), although be mindful that each thesis should be formatted in the manner that compliments the specific work, so there is no universal solution that fits all cases. You can also look at high-scoring research papers and how those are formatted and see how the format would often correspond to the content. I[3.3] Very good work overall. It's great to see the technical solutions developed. Show more of the design in the final portfolio - internal shots, external views from the outside. Revise the detail connection to the old brick wall to stop that thermal bridge. Show the narrative of the user. Good work on resolving the technical aspects of your project which is what this intensive was about. Moving forward it would be good to see some eye level interior and exterior shots with all that level of technical information as they are a core part of your design proposal RMD: This is coming together really well. Very good and clear abstract. Great graphical style developed. Make sure to include everything in the thesis guidance document: https://drive. google.com/file/d/1J4c_Q3whB8zDSHuUaY0X3aESf7rrdLNU/view?usp=sharing. Reference Caroline Lucas quotes and other quotes using Harvard referencing with page number as per the library guidance document. Reference figures with (Source: Surname, Date) or if you're own (Source: Author) https://drive.google.com/file/d/1qlASHw0c9hxkj52bkCQEx91rH75Fwh 7w/view?usp=sharing. Is the figure numbering incorrect on section3? Make sure all figures are referrred to within the text to compliment what is written. There is no methodology section or chapter. Maybe rename section 1.3 as Methdology with subtitle aims and obejctives. It's important to add a bit about the survey methodology for example the sample population targeted, limitations, validity, that you used univariate analysis, how was the literature review used to design the questions asked, what was learnt from the pilot study etc. Where is one planet living relevant in the text? Refer to figure 28 within the text. It is definitely possible to reduce the amount of text and make sure every paragraph is relevant to the research question and flow of the reading. Add areas of further research in the conclusion. Points to be addressed & course area: Applied Design in Architecture (ADA) Advanced Technology for Design (ATD) Management Practice and Law (MPL) Research (RMD)W
AA
Point already addressed
O l i v e r B a l d o c k | A rc h i t e c t u re A p p re nt i c e s h i p Lev e l 7
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PC5. Building procurement
PC4. Practice and management
PC3. Legal framework and processes
PC2. Clients, users, and delivery of services
PC1. Professionalism
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0 | INTRODUCTION 0.4 | PART 3 & PEDR COVERAGE
1
professional ethics;
2
the architect’s obligation to society and the protection of the environment;
3
professional regulation, conduct and discipline;
4
institutional membership, benefits, obligations and codes of conduct;
5
attributes of integrity, impartiality, reliability and courtesy;
6
time management, recording, planning and review;
7
effective communication, presentation, confirmation and recording;
8
flexibility, adaptability and the principles of negotiation;
9
autonomous working and taking responsibility within a practice context;
10
continuing professional development.
1
types of clients, their priorities and the management of the relationship;
2
briefing, organising and the programming of services appropriate to appointment;
3
architects’ contracts, terms of engagement, scope of services and relevant legislation;
4
obligations to stakeholders, warranties and third party rights;
5
communication, progress reporting and the provision of appropriate and timely advice;
6
budget and financial awareness and cost monitoring or control;
7
responsibility for coordination and integration of design team input;
8
invoicing, payment of fees and financial management;
9
intellectual property rights and copyright law;
10
duty of care, professional liability, negligence and professional indemnity including insurance.
1
the relevant UK legal systems, civil liabilities and the laws of contract and tort (delict)*;
2
planning and Conservation Acts, guidance and processes;
3
building regulations, approved documents and standards, guidance and processes;
4
land law, property law and rights of other proprietors;
5
terms within construction contracts implied by statute;
6
health and safety legislation and regulations;
7
statutory undertakers and authorities, their requirements and processes;
8
environmental and sustainability legislation;
9
historic buildings legislation;
10
accessibility and inclusion legislation.
1
the roles of architectural practice in the construction industry;
2
external factors affecting construction and practice at national and international levels;
3
practice structures, legal status and business styles;
4
personnel management and employment-related legislation;
5
practice finance, business planning, funding and taxation;
6
marketing, fee calculation, bidding and negotiation;
7
resource management and job costing;
8
administration, quality management, QA systems, recording and review;
9
staff development, motivation, supervision and planning;
10
team working and leadership.
1
procurement methods, including for public and larger projects and relevant legislation;
2
the effect of different procurement processes on programme, cost, risk and quality;
3
collaboration in construction and provisions for team working;
4
tendering methods, codes, procedures and project planning;
5
forms of contract and sub-contract, design responsibility and third party rights;
6
application and use of contract documentation;
7
roles of design/construction team members and their interaction;
8
duties and powers of a lead consultant and contract administrator;
9
site processes, quality monitoring, progress recording, payment and completion;
10
claims, litigation and alternative dispute resolution methods.
07.12.2019
07.03.2019
07.06.2019
27.08.2019
06.12.2019
06.03.2020
06.06.2020
27.08.2020
06.12.2020
06.03.2021
06.06.2021
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PEDR 1.1
PEDR 1.2
PEDR 1.3
PEDR 1.4
PEDR 2.1
PEDR 2.2
PEDR 2.3
PEDR 2.4
PEDR 3.1
PEDR 3.2
PEDR 3.3
aprenticeship scheme
masterplan bid stage 0
bath road bristol blackwall yard cipl west masterplan cwg student housing
stage 1
cleeves limerick stage 2 climate research crawford art gallery downs farm epsom professional development stage 3
annual leave fitzrovia streetscape furlough
stage 4 gallions 2b gallions 3b stage 5 grangegorman DIT research
highgate hill training hillingdon civic centre inw belfast masterplan
ladywell
leave
limmo peninsular meridian one silvertown quays the britannia school project trinity college accomodation
residential
student residential
education
civic
commercial
My experience in the workplace is heavily focused on the residential sector. However, over the past year that has diversified with a number of mixed use, masterplan and civic projects occupying my time. As I continue to work more and more autonomously, this trend is likely to continue as the practice struggles with workload and resources. This has proved and invaluable experience to work with different teams and with clients with varying priorities. Nevertheless, this may prove an issue with regards to Part 3. Much of our current work is in the earlier stages and so it may be a challenge to get on to a project at construction, although I do have that experience previously. There are, however, some fast moving projects which could prove viable.
O l i v e r B a l d o c k | A rc h i t e c t u re A p p re nt i c e s h i p Lev e l 7
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0 | INTRODUCTION 0.5 | MASTERS OVERVIEW
DESIGN AIM AFFORDABLE
DESIGN AIM ADAPTABLE
DESIGN AIM LOW EMBODIED CARBON
DESIGN METHODOLOGY END USER ENGAGEMENT
DESIGN METHODOLOGY BUILDING REUSE & RETROFIT
CLIMATE CATASTROPHE HOUSING CRISIS
DESIGN PROJECT THESIS
RESEARCH AIM IDENTIFY BARRIERS TO REDUCING EMBODIED CARBON
RESEARCH METHOD LITERATURE REVIEW
RESEARCH OUTPUT IMPROVED ENGAGEMENT & UNDERSTANDING
RESEARCH AIM DEVELOP UNDERSTANDING
RESEARCH METHOD (PILOT) SURVEY
RESEARCH METHOD SURVEY
RESEARCH METHOD INTERVIEWS
RESEARCH METHOD DESIGN
O l i v e |r Architecture B a l d o c k | A r c h Apprenticeship i t e c t u r e A p p r e n t i cLevel e s h i p LSeven evel 7 Oliver Baldock | Feilden Clegg Bradley Studios
01
SECTION MANIFESTO
01 | REUSE FIRST, BUILD SECOND
WE WANT MORE FROM OUR EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE OUR FUTURE CITY HAS ALREADY BEEN BUILT, WE NEED TO LEARN HOW TO ADAPT TO LIVE IN IT. AJ's RetroFirst Campaign 1. Cut VAT rate of refurbishment
2. Promote the reuse of existing building stock through planning guidance
"Local authorities in London have become constrained to think of their land and social housing as "assets", not use values, leading to a dismissal of the social and environmental costs of demolition and displacement"
Retention, wherever possible, and repurpose of the existing buildings within a city is not only a significant method of reducing the embodied carbon a construction project. It also ensures that the character and history of a place isn't lost. This improve community
- Mara Ferreri
3. Stimulate the circular economy by insisting all publicly funded projects look to retrofit
relations and develops an approach to the architectural language of a place. Rather than starting from a blank canvas, we are inspired by, learning from and improving on the history of a place.
A snapshot of demolished buildings in Camden over the past decade
02 | CONTEXT BEFORE EVERYTHING OR: LOVE THY CITY
WE WANT TO LEARN FROM & RESPOND TO OUR ENVIRONMENTS 3
DEVELOPING NEIGHBOURHOODS THAT FOSTER CONNECTIONS WITH AND STRENGTHEN EXISTING COMMUNITIES. 1 "Instead of a clear delimitation of spaces ... controlling a series of thresholds, from neighbourhoods to the entrance gate to the apartment door - the everyday practices of degrowth are not so spatially bound and open the home up for collaboration rather than enclosure." - Pernilla Hagbert Learning from and feeding into the narrative of what already happens in and around the site we're currently working on is a key design principle for us. Whatever we design needs to work with what exists. Whether it ties in or stands out, the outcome needs to be positive for all the stakeholders
in the project. The local and wider community are an important part of that. Our proposals look to provide, beyond an abundance of new housing, resources which are currently missing in the local communities. This can take the form of improved public amenity spaces or community rooms, to be substantial investments such as libraries, food kitchens or market space. 2
We also see local communities as a resource of information, to understand where investments is best directed and where there are opportunities for improved density.
1. King's Cross St Pancras 2. Camden Lock 3. St Pancras Hotel 4. Agar Estate, Camden 5. Community engagement app designed in Intensive 2.3
4
03 | SUSTAINABILITY BREEDS AFFORDABILITY
WE WANT TO SAVE THE PLANET & OUR BANK BALANCE
DIAGRAM
PROMOTING LIFESTYLES WHERE SUSTAINABILITY IS SECOND NATURE, AND WE BENEFIT FINANCIALLY FROM IT "The general model for sustainable settlements must be mostly small and highly self sufficient local economies, self-governing, under social control, in which nonmaterial pursuits deliver rich life satisfaction." - Ted Trainer A sustainable lifestyle comes in many different forms and at many different levels. Depending on location and accessibility, a car-less commute to work may be impossible, as an example However, for the majority, with the right access to public transport, infrastructure and amenities, sustainability can equal affordability. The issue, as with the whole of the climate emergency, is public
perception and awareness.
Typical Domestic Carbon Scores
Sustainability does not need to mean giving up all elements of your current lifestyle. And whilst our individual footprints are important to know and managed, they pale in significance to the scale of pollution coming from industries and companies.
Average per Briton (from 2006) 10.92 tCO2 per year
We work with our clients to ensure that any cost savings produce from our design choices are passed on to the end user. This leads to rents that are truly affordable, no matter the average income of wherever the site is located. The improved fabric efficiency directly passes on cost saving in the form of lower bills, and the benefits of any renewable energy sources are felt in the pockets of the residents.
Recreation 1.95 tCO2
Aviation 0.68 tCO2
Heating 1.49 tCO2
Education 0.49 tCO2
Food 1.39 tCO2
Phones 0.1 tCO2
Household 1.37 tCO2
Jeff Bezos (2018) 2,224.2 tCO2
Clothing 1 tCO2
Elon Musk (2018) 2,084 tCO2
Commuting 0.81 tCO2
Roman Abramovich (2018) 33,859 tCO2
1
2 1. Commute costs, Vancouver (Poulos et al.) 2. Guerin&Pedroza, France 3. Casanova Hernandez, Netherlands 4. Peter Barber, UK
3
4
04 | LIVE HOW YOU LIKE
WE WANT HOMES TO SUIT WHO WE ARE AND HOW WE LIVE BESPOKE, AFFORDABLE HOMES DESIGNED BY YOU, FOR YOU. WE BELIEVE COMFORTABLE HOUSING IS A HUMAN RIGHT "In the capitalist market real estate is seen as a profit-making investment rather than as fulfilling a human need." - Lina Hurlin We look to engage with the end user early on in the design process (typically Stage 2) to understand how we can best adapt our designs to their needs. We develop affordable panelised solutions which are flexible in their assembly allowing for a variety of designs in both size and layout. Key elements such as bathroom and kitchen pods remain unchanged and are developed offsite thus reducing both time on site and overall costs.
OPTION A LOWER LEVEL
OPTION A UPPER LEVEL
OPTION A SHORT SECTION
OPTION B LOWER LEVEL
OPTION B UPPER LEVEL
OPTION B LONG SECTION
The intent is that any additional time required in the early stages of the project for additional user engagement is more than compensated by a reduction in the construction period. Our research shows that providing greater control over the design encourages longer tenancies and stronger communities, further reducing costs over the lifetime of the building. It also, importantly, breeds happier residents, and that is our ultimate aim. The ideas of the happy city are discussed in further depth within this portfolio.
1. The UI for an application focused on end user integration developed in Intensive 2.3
1
05 | CHANGE WHEN YOU NEED
WE WANT TO PICK'N'MIX THEN REMIX A HOME THAT ADAPTS WITH OUR CHANGING NEEDS AS BOTH AN INDIVIDUAL AND COMMUNITY "Who has the right to shape the city? It is earned through the act of habitation. If you live out your life in the shared urban landscape, then you have the natural right to participate in shaping its future" - Charles Montgomery We work with our clients, residents and communities to understand their needs and how those needs will change over the lifetime of the project. We want to allow the inhabitants to grow within these spaces, so creating the opportunity for them to adapt and change the internal layouts of these projects, creates more opportunities for these people and families to stay in their homes, and therefore, their communities. A lot of this work happens within the detailed design of these modules, finding ways to
introduce flexibility into whatever we produce. However, we also need to work with our clients, to understand what they want and to promote these ideas to them. Longer tenancies create greater security for the residents, which reduces maintenance costs, advertising fees and complaints from the local communities whilst improving the value of these assets. Furthermore, through these innovations we hope to improve the stigma around social housing, promoting it as a viable, perhaps better alternative to housing ownership in a financial environment where buying a house is becoming less and less of an option for the majority of millenials.
STAYING IN OUR HOMES FOR LONGER MEANS BUILDING STRONGER COMMUNITIES
06 | WORK WHERE YOU WANT
WE WANT WORK TO WORK FOR US []
THE PANDEMIC HAS SHOWN WE CAN WORK IN THE UNLIKELIEST OF SPACES. NOW LETS MAKE THOSE SPACES WORK FOR US.
09 10
2 212.5mm
225mm
212.5mm
245mm
245mm
225mm
280mm
We want to provide options for our residents, we recognise that one size doesn't fit all so we look to provide different solutions to enable flexibility with how we live our lives. We work with existing communities and new residents to understand what resources are missing. Then through sustainable investments we work to create options below at a highly subsidised rate. The Kitchen Table Requirements – the kitchen table, a laptop and possibly a notebook. Pros - Convenient, uncomplicated. No specialist equipment and no need for investment. Cons - The lure of the toaster and TV, can feel temporary, lack of face to face contact.
The Home Office Requirements - a dedicated space within the home with a sole purpose
VARIABLES
1
COMPUTER
SENSES CHANGE IN VOLUME, LIGHT & PROXIMITY
VOLUME
280mm
SENSING INPUT DEVICE
300mm
LIGHT
225mm
Pros - Privacy, adequate storage, replicates office environment
245mm
NEMA 17 STEPPER MOTOR
PRIVACY
CAM SYSTEM: CONNECTION TO A A 300mm
Cons - Lack of face to face contact, could be valuable living space Communal Workspace Requirements - mobile equipment Pros - Human contact, good atmosphere. Cons - Lack of privacy and lack of personal space Office Unit Requirements - Small unit space Pros - Informal office space, privacy
CONNECTION TO B
INPUT TO OUTPUT DEVICE
CONTROLS THE THRESHOLD AT WHICH THE PROCESS BEGINS
A
1
245mm
280mm
300mm
300mm
3 "The blended experience of working and living in a virtual world has taught us that we can be much more flexible in the way we think about work. We don’t need to gather together every day to be productive, but we can also see very clearly that working virtually will never replace the experience of gathering together, brainstorming, and deeply connecting with one another."
Cons - Small investment - WeWork
OPTIMISER
B
A
1. A study of alternatives to traditional office desk space - completed in Intensive 1.3
A MORE SUBTLE APPROACH
2. Using a change in work place approaches to encourage a more collaborative work environment
SPEED | TEXTURE | ATMOSPHERE
3. The development of environmentally responsive acoustic partitions as part of Intensive 1.3. Explored later in the portfolio 4. Creating integrated work solutions within the design of an apartment. Intensive 1.4 4
07 | PLAY WITH WHOMEVER
WE WANT OUR KIDS TO PLAY OUT & WE WANT TO PLAY OUT TOO CREATING EASY ACCESS TO HEALTHIER ROUTINES SUPPORTS HEALTHIER LIFESTYLES
"I let go of my handlebars and raised my arms in the air of the cooling breeze, and I remembered my own childhood of country roads, afterschool wanderings, lazy rides and pure freedom. I felt fine. The city was mine. " - Charles Montgomery
The COVID19 pandemic has shown us the importance of our homes. It has also shown us the importance of our streets. Not only are they places for outdoor eating and gathering, they are places of fun. Any opportunity to ditch the car and get on a bike should be taken. London's cycle and quietways are an amazing resource. Last week, for the first time in my five years working at FCB Studios I cycled the 9 miles into work. Forget about
the 25 minutes on the Victoria line from Walthamstow to Warren Street, I was cycling through residential streets, wetlands and parks, a commute far better for both my body and my mind. However, when this structure is backed by resources such as adequate schools, shops and entertainment facilities, all within a reasonable distance, we get urban areas centres around the bike and foot.
Appropriate Urban References: • Paris & the 15 minute city • Enrique Penalosa's work in Bogota, Colombia • Amsterdam's change from a carcentric to a cycle-centric city • Political decision making behind Copenhagens cycle-ways • The evolution of bike sharing (moon et al.)
The 15 minute city A proposal for Paris, where the fundamental elements of daily life are all easily accessible within a 15 minite walk or cycle of your home
08 | FROM POSSESSION TO EXPERIENCE
WE WANT SERVICE DEVELOPING MODELS OF SHARED OWNERSHIP ACROSS COMMUNITIES AND CITIES TO REDUCE WASTE AND COST "Cohousing communities enable and encourage efficient sharing habits. Car, tools, toys and clothes for children are reused and services are offered between residents of the cohousing communities and its neighbours" - Francois Schneider For these ideas to be successful, they need to be backed by an infrastructure network which allows for the freedom to move away from traditional models of ownership. Those of use living in rurual parts of the country are far less likely to swap their car for a ride sharing app, as the density of villages and towns make this idea unviable. Cities are ideal for this, and with the right kind of government support, the removal of cars (as one example) can significantly benefit the majority of people.
SERVICE MODELS TO IMPLEMENT The changing expectations of future generations is geared towards fewer possessions whilst seeking more experiences. The younger generations are more willing to pay for services of all kinds, in order to have things on demand. In some instances this is a revival of a period when services or technology would have been too expensive to own, such as launderettes, in other instances the internet of things is providing greater access to resources than we could ever own in a lifetime, such as Spotify. Below are some ideas of these services. General Handy-person Plumber Electrician Cleaner Laundry & Drycleaning Gardener Waste Management Furniture Hire
1
Delivery Hub Collective Workshops Tool hire
A top-down and bottom-up approach are needed to create a real impact. This has been seen in other countries and other cities, and London needs to follow suit, especially post-COVID19. 1. Map of electric chrging points across London. 2. Zipcar and Uber as alternatives to ownership.
PRIVATE CARS ARE STATIONARY 95% OF THE TIME
Carpool or Carsharing service Car Hire (Zipcar) Taxi (Uber) Bike sharing service Electric Bike Hire (Lime) Food Delivery Service Meal Delivery Service 2
09| FROM GLOBAL TO LOCAL
WE WANT OUR ENVIRONMENT TO BRING US CLOSER TOGETHER KITCHEN TABLES & WORKSHOPS PLACES TO CONGREGATE, EAT, DRINK, CHAT AND WORK - TOGETHER
Case studies of interest on this topic: "Cities have the capability of providing something for everybody, only because, and only when, they are created by everybody" - Jane Jacobs
Miethauser Syndikat: a model of collectively owned houses and tenements in Germany. Twin Oaks, Virginia: a non-monetary eco-collaborative community
Christinia, Denmark a freetown with the objective of creating a self-governing society Round the Bend Conservation Cooperative, Melbourne a non-monetary eco-collaborative community
POTENTIAL USES WITHIN DEGROWTH MODELS
WORKSHOPS
KITCHEN Potential facilities that align with degrowth objectives. These objectives ensure that any value created through these services and spaces stays within the local community. This helps to fund a local economy. Fix it yourself stores Hydroponic farms Hospital Doctors Hairdresser Drinking fountains Bakery Hardware store Outdoor free gyms Community bank Market stalls Parks Launderettes Libraries Time bank facilities Car clubs Tool borrowing centres Cycle shares / Storage Food kitchen / Food waste storage Anaerobic digestors Retraining / education facilities Local council hubs Counselling centres Green tech hubs Renewable battery storage Working from home hubs Swap shops Common garden (see Granby Winter Garden)
FOOD HUB
PUBLIC SPACE SHARED AMENITY
TAKEAWAY
LIBRARY
REPAIR SHOP
LAUNDRY
The microcentre with its many entrances and exists is a multifunctional space allowing for engagement with other people and for avoiding the. It is not a collection of small businesses but an integral element of a cooperative neighbourhood run by both waged
ENTRANCE
CRECHE
OFFICE
professionals and unwaged volunteers.
rationing to our lifestyles, but rather than trading we should be sharing.
Such approaches combined with elements from the list to the left could provide lifestyles aligned with One Planet Living guidances and the SDG's. We need some form of
Ideas based on work by Widmer and Scheider.
10 | MOVE SLOW AND GROW
WE WANT TO BREATHE
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PLANT EVERYTHING THAT DOESN'T MOVE "People who live in areas with more parks are more helpful and trusting than people who don't, regardless of their income or race. Nature is not merely good for us. It brings out the good in us." - Charles Montgomery Appropriate and well-designed green spaces can create amazing social spaces. Well placed trees can create natural shading devices for south facing homes with the bare branches of the winter months allowing the sun in, whilst shading windows in the increasingly hot summer months. We see landscaping and natures intervention as an important aspect integral to our design work, rather than a tacked-on discipline. Combining this manifesto point with the previous ideas helps to establish a strong approach to urban design. Our current projects look at removing vehicular lanes to create room for urban trees and planting, simultaneously reducing pollution and creating a natural barrier to traffic.
The Benefits of Trees: • Beautify & create a biophilic presence (proven to improve mental health) • provide cool shade • retain soil / prevent erosion (less of an issue in urban centres) • detain and retain storm water (especially important considering recent flooding in urban centres across europe) • sequester CO2 • filter particulate pollution therefore improving air quality • cool the air by evapo-transpiration (in addition to providing shade) • provide animal and bird habitats • produce flowers, fruit, fragrance • offer play opportunities for children • absorb sound • reduce crime (again scientifically proven) • increase real estate values because of the above • create planting and maintenance jobs • humanise over-scaled urban spaces (Trees in Buenos Aires)
1
1. Study of urban heat islands in Melbourne, 2017 2. Mapping Urban Heat Islands in Virgina, NOAA
3. 4. 5. 6.
Floating garden, Bristol UK Green walls, Biarritz, France Alzingen School, Luxembourg Parklet, London
7. Roof Garden, HDB Singapore 8. Payley Park, New York 9. Highline, New York 10 10. Parklet, London
02
SECTION CLIMATE CATASTROPHE
To be considered a greenhouse gas (GHG) a gas
1772
2 | CLIMATE CATASTROPHE 2.0 | CURRENT SITUATION
must (1) absorb infrared radiation and (2) have a long residence in our atmosphere, which allows for a globally uniform concentration. The amount of additional radiation retained in our atmosphere due to an increase in GHGs (known as climate forcing) can be calculated relatively accurately when other factors are constant. The IPCC consider the largest components of climate forcing to be the change in atmospheric burdens of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide, which have sharply increased since the beginning of the industrial period. In June 2021, Mauna Loa Observatory recorded the highest Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Level in human history. At 418.9ppm, this marks a 10ppm increase from when this research began in 2018 (NOAA, 2020).
2017
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Average annual temperature in London, from 1772 to 2017
Attending the Architect's Declare protests, London. 2019.
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2 | CLIMATE CATASTROPHE 2.1 | IMPACT OF THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT BUILDING ASSESSMENT INFORMATION Building Life Cycle Information
Recycling
Recovery
Reuse
Disposal
Beyond the system
Waste Processing
End of Life
Transport
Use
Deconstruction Demolition
D
Refurbishment
C1 - C4
Maintenance
Use
Construction Process
Transport
BASELINE
B1 - B5
Construction
Manufacturing
MOST PEOPLE DON’T UNDERSTAND THE MAGNITUDE AND RAPIDITY OF THE TRANSFORMATION THAT’S NECESSARY... THAT EVERY BUILDING MUST BE ENERGY EFFICIENT, ALL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS OVERHAULED, PRODUCTION, CONSUMPTION, DIETS - ALL CHANGED.
Transport
Product
A5
Beyond the Building Life Cycle
Replacement
A4
Repair
A1 - A3
Raw material supply
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C1 - C4 2%
BREAKDOWN OF EMBODIED CARBON OVER A BUILDINGS LIFETIME
EFFICIENCY B1 - B5 45%
A1 - A3 48%
CLEAN POWER A5 2%
A4 3%
BREAKDOWN OF BUILDING ELEMENTS BY EMBODIED CARBON TOTALS FINISHES 4%
REFURB MEP 15%
FACADE 16%
SUPERSTRUCTURE 48%
According to the UKGBC, the built environment contributes 40% of
REBUILD
Operational Carbon Embodied Carbon
SUBSTRUCTURE 17%
the UK’s total territorial carbon footprint, (UKGBC, 2019) with 3040% of all worldwide primary
PROF. JULIA STEINBERGER
Tweet (7th April 2021)
energy being used inside buildings. (Ramesh, Prakash and Shukla, 2010) Of that, over half [185 MTCO2 ] is directly attributed to the total operational and embodied carbon footprint of the built environment. (UKGBC, 2019)
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2 | CLIMATE CATASTROPHE 2.2 | RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT
The focus and development of research around the topic of embodied carbon has developed over three years of work. Initially forming part of a literature review which was shared with a study of happiness in residential buildings, this work went on to explore the barriers faced by those working in the industry when trying to tackle embodied carbon, and used the design project to understand and test potential solutions. The ideas behind happiness were not lost within the design work with the project heavily focusing on attempting to involve the end user as much as possible to improve the outcome of the design process. The research is high level, and with more time and resource it would be good to explore in more detail one or two of the barriers. Of particular interest is the design teams engagement with the topic, and understanding what influences need to be in place to motivate the key professionals.
LITERATURE REVIEW
LITERATURE REVIEW
RESEARCH PROPOSAL
QUANTIFYING CARBON EMISSIONS
PART S: HAPPINESS IN BUILDINGS: QUANTIFIABLE WAYS TO DESIGN FOR HAPPINESS.
OLIVER BALDOCK Word Count: to be confirmed
The current situation regarding global emissions The importance of mental health On May 1st, 2019 the UK government declared an environment and climate emergency as a way of recognising humanities impact on increasing levels of carbon in the atmosphere and it’s impact on rising global temperatures. Although definitive actions
As of 2014, one in six British citizens report having a common mental health disorder, an increase on 2007 figures (McManus et al., 2014). According to the Lancet,
to reduce the UK’s impact are yet to be established the Committee on Climate Change
14% of the global burden of disease is attributed to neuropsychiatric disorders,
recommends that the government aims to end greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. This
with this considered to be an underestimate due to an inadequate appreciation of the
target aligns with the IPCC’s 2018 report stating that by 2030 CO2 emissions need to
connection between mental health disorders and other health conditions (Prince et al., 2007). Nearly 8% of those surveyed in the UK in 2014 reported a mix of anxiety
drop by 45% from 2010, reaching ‘net zero’ by 2050, in order to keep global warming below 1.5oC.
0.0 Research Abstract 1.0 Aims & Objectives Main Aim Objectives 2.0 Research Context 2.00 introduction
and depression, with the 25-34 year old age group being the greatest affected.
remaining six sectors, including those related to construction, have stagnated (CCC,
2.11 Legislation 2.12 Carbon Taxation
The urban environments influences on mental health
2019). The report splits the emissions of the built environment, which are summarised in Fig.1 to Fig.5, over two sectors. Buildings, deals with improving the operational
2.20 Current carbon targets, aims & frameworks
Subsequent surveys and research demonstrate that urban living, among other factors, is associated with an increase in reported anxiety disorders by over 20%, an increase
carbon emissions of, mainly, residential buildings. Industry, considers the embodied
2.30 Current barriers slowing the tackling of embodied carbon 2.31 introduction
in mood disorders by nearly 40%, and an increase in schizophrenia by 137% (Peen et
carbon associated with all forms of manufacturing, including construction. To fully understand the opportunities and restrictions surrounding emissions within the
2.32 Awareness
al., 2019). However, it decreases the risk of suicide by 50% (CDC, 2015), dementia by 10% (Russ et al., 2012) and Alzheimers by 50% (Nunes et al., 2010).
construction industry, it needs to be considered as it’s own sector allowing for a full cradle to grave analysis. The manufacturing, transportation and construction of the built environment is intrinsically linked to it’s operation, demolition and disposal (Zhang and Wang, 2016).
2.32 Measuring Embodied Carbon 2.33 Regulations 2.41 Access to information
However, it is difficult to demonstrate a causative relationship between these and the research tends to focus on associative connections between urban living and declining mental health due to a number of confounding factors. These include: socioeconomic differences; the pre-existing risk of a mental health disorder; and reporting biases. For example, the NHS’s psychiatric study concludes that those who were white British, female or middle-age, were more likely to receive treatment (McManus et al., 2014), and that only 19% of men would get report anxiety (Men’s Health Forum, 2019).
The UK’s targets This proposals aligns with the government’s Clean Growth Grand Challenge to deliver better performing buildings by focusing on Digital Techniques, Offsite Manufacturing, and, importantly for this study, Whole Life Asset Performance (HM Government, 2019). Futhermore, Construction 2025 (HM Government, 2013) set out, from 2013, twelve years of budgeted carbon reduction strategies in order to achieve the following aims:
2.42 impact on Occupants 2.43 Design team communication 2.44 Reducing Consumption 2.45 Conclusion 2.50 What will this research contribute? 2.51 What is the significance of this research? 2.52 Where is the originality in this research? 3.0 Methodology 3.10 The Research Question 3.20 Delimitations 3.30 Limitations 3.40 Methods to be used 3.41 interviews 3.42 Precedent Case Studies 3.43 Survey / questionnaire 3.50 How do these address the research topic? 3.60 How will the data be processed? 3.70 Analysis Criteria 3.80 Ethical considerations & Biases 3.90 What else would be explored? 4.0 Proposal Outputs
Having said this, several factors have been directly attributed to declining mental health within urban areas:
1. a 33% reduction in the cost of construction and the whole-life cost of assets; 2. a 50% reduction in the time taken from inception to completion of new build; 3. a 50% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in the built environment*;
•
• * This target is compared to a 1990 baseline as set out in the GCB’s Low Carbon Routemap for the Built Environment, which calls for an 80% reduction in CO2 emissions by 2050. • Alongside these aims, the UK’s Green Building Council’s latest framework, calls for a focus on ‘Net Zero Carbon’ across the whole life cycle of a building, focusing on two principles. The first is to achieve zero or negative carbon emissions in construction (1.1) and the second is to achieve it within the building’s annual
Literature Review June 2019
2
2.10 Overview of progress to date
Whilst the UK’s power sector has reduced its carbon emissions by 75% since 2012, the
1
1 1
The decline in community relationships coupled with sociocultural disintegration and increasing social isolation (Wirth, 1938) (Dohrenwend BP, Dohrenwend BS, 1974) (Mueller, 1981). Greater stress related to housing, work, marriage, child rearing, and security, combined with inadequate resources to cope with the stresses of urban life (Bingham, 1972) (Marsella, 2019) and high urban levels of hostility (Field et al., 1965). Higher concentrations of poverty in city centres (Harpham, 1994).
In 2019 nearly 90% of the UK population lives in urban centres, with this predicted to rise to 92% within 11 years. That is 64 million urban dwellers, 10.7 million of whom will experience mental health problems in any given year (not accounting for 1
15
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i
Literature Review June 2019
Research Proposal December 2019
Survey Draft March 2020
SurveyHero .com
Embodied Carbon Footprint within Construction CONTENTS
EMBODIED CARBON WITHIN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY I. INTRODUCTION ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is instigate an understanding of potential barriers that are faced by design teams when working to reduce the embodied carbon footprint of architectural design projects. By be aware of, and understanding these barriers further research which develops from this paper will then look at how these barriers are realised, and how they can be overcome, both by the design team, and throughout the wider industry. With progress in other sectors helping to mitigate the impact of operating carbon on the life time footprint of the built environment, it is vital that embodied carbon becomes centred at our efforts to improve the sustainability of construction.
3
II. AIMS & OBJECTIVES
3
III. RESEARCH CONTEXT
3
IV. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3
V. FINDINGS
1
(1) Engagement as a barrier
1
(1.1) Lack of Design Team Engagement (1.2) Lack of Client Engagement (1.3) Unclear Timings (1.4) Unclear Responsibility
This paper has two objectives: to understand the impact that current regulations and frameworks are having on the industry; to identify the barriers stopping stakeholders from tackling their emissions. This paper employs two methodologies to tackle these objectives, (1) a summary of an extensive literature review, on and around the topic, in order to understand the intricacies of the current approach to the topic from the industry, (2) an initial analysis of an industry wide survey which focuses on identifying the barriers that are preventing individuals from tackling this issue. Response to the survey have identified a number of potential barriers and hurdles that the industry needs to approach. Within this initial analysis, three are discussed: Education and engagement, capital cost, and government support. The first discusses the difference between awareness and understanding amongst the client and other industry professionals; the second looks at the cost implication of a more sustainable approach to design, and at what stage that cost implication is seen; the third looks at how government engagements in the industry can help increase the priority of embodied carbon within the design process.
(2) Education as a barrier
4
(2.1) Lack of Design Team Education (2.2) Lack of Client Education (2.3) Lack of Awareness (3) Social Perception as a barrier
6
(3.1) Perception of non-traditional methods and materials of construction (3.2) Perception of alternative solutions to the housing crisis (3.3) Perception of exemplar projects (4) Capital Cost
7
(4.1) Impact of awareness & education on capital cost (4.2) Obscurity in locating impact of capital cost
Whilst it is clear that education and engagement is a key route for improving the industry as a whole, from this limited survey, it appears that those professionals with the necessary expertise to help develop a sustainable mindset within a design team, also tend to have less experience, and therefore less influence. This, in turn, implies a potential additional time lag between a change in mindset and a change in design approach. Keywords: Embodied carbon, education, cost, government support.
(4.3) Observations on capital cost (5) Government Support
10
(5.1) Lack of clarity & consistency within industry guidance (5.2) Lack of government intervention policies (5.3) Observations on government support VI. CONCLUSIONS
13
VII. REFERENCES
14
APPENDIX 1: SURVEY QUESTIONS
17
BARRIERS TO TACKLING EMBODIED CARBON IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
I. INTRODUCTION II. AIMS & OBJECTIVES III. RESEARCH CONTEXT IV. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Survey Draft March 2020
Survey Final May 2020
Research Paper June 2020
Thesis Draft August 2020
Thesis Final August 2021
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2 | CLIMATE CATASTROPHE 2.3 | RESEARCH FINDINGS
WHAT ARE THE BARRIERS TO REDUCING THE EMBODIED CARBON OF THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY?
Barriers to reducing embodied carbon
THEMATIC DIVISION OF BARRIERS DISCUSSED WITHIN SURVEY
Theme
OBJECTIVES
an extensive literature review, on and around the topic in order to understand the intricacies of the current approach to the topic from the industry an analysis of an industry wide survey which focuses on identifying the barriers that are preventing individuals from tackling this issue
Subtopic
Political & Legal Economic
Government Support
to understand the impact that current regulations and frameworks are having on the industry to identify the barriers stopping stakeholders from tackling their emissions METHODOLOGIES
Topic
WEIGHTING OF DISCUSSIONS OF THESE BARRIERS
Social Guidance
Clarity of guidance Consistency of guidance
Economic
Capital Cost
New Building
Technical
Capital Cost Material Alternatives Client Engagement Social Perception Design Team Education Client Education Existing Building
Programme Social
Engagement
Design Team Engagement Client Engagement Responsibility Point of Engagement
Awareness Design Team Engagement Supply Chain Guidance
DATA COLLECTION wide range of literature gathered from across industry partners and from a variety of sources 72 survey participants from a variety of professions surveyed over a period of two months. The survey contained 40 questions expressed over three topics which was focused at individual, project and company level. 24 of these questions were closed, with the remaining open-ended questions informing further research and understanding of the topic. over half of those surveyed worked within an architecture practice and nearly a quarter were studying at university.
Government Support Awareness Social Impact
Software Improvements Taxation
Technical
Materials Over-design Material Sourcing Material Transport Technology
Material Sourcing Reduction Overdesign
Awareness Industry
Supply Chain Bureaucracy
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Barriers for specific projects
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Barriers broadly considered
2 | CLIMATE CATASTROPHE 2.3 | RESEARCH FINDINGS WHAT DO YOU CONSIDER TO BE THE BIGGEST CHALLENGE TO REDUCING THE EMBODIED CARBON OF A BUILT ENVIRONMENT PROJECT?
Materials
Industry
Specialist Consultant Architect Engineer
Support
hnology
WHO SHOULD BE RESPONSIBLE FOR MEASURING EMBODIED CARBON?
Client Who should be responsible for minimising embodied carbon?
FINDINGS
Quantity Surveyor
Overcoming education as a barrier appears to provide a substantial step in overcoming the other barriers discussed above. In particular, educating the entirety of the design team, including senior members, would Capital Cost appear to be the best use of limited resources. This education leads to greater engagement and pressure Societal Implica�ons on the client which opens up discussions around other Educa�on themes. Engagement
Strategies intended to reduce embodied carbon do not necessarily impact on the construction budget. Demonstrating this to the client appears to improve their engagement, however, the burden of this is on the architect to demonstrate.
Confusion remains in the difference between operating carbon and embodied carbon, and therefore between the strategies used to reduce them. This has skewed some of the data, as some comments apply to the former rather than the latter. Concerns over using alternative materials for construction appear to centre on the use of timber and the societal perception of the risks associated by this. Interestingly this barrier is perpetuated by both society and the client, as timber is considered a risk to the planning application.
Contractor
Demand Reduc�on
Capital Cost
Guidance
Societal Implica�ons
Government Support
Educa�on
Technology Materials
Engagement
WHO SHOULD BE RESPONSIBLE FOR MINIMISING EMBODIED CARBON? Barriers for specific projects
Barriers broadly considered Architect
Industry
Engineer Client
Surveyordoes reducing embodie WhatQuantity impact Contractor
IS A SPECIFIC ISSUE HINDERING YOU FROM REDUCING THE EMBODIED CARBON FOOTPRINT OF THIS CURRENT PROJECT? Government Support Technology
WHAT IMPACT DOES WORKING TO REDUCE EMBODIED CARBON HAVE ON THE CAPITAL COST OF THE PROJECT?
Materials
Demand Reduc�on
Industry
Increases capital cost
Guidance Capital Cost Societal Implica�ons
Unclear and inconsistent guidance has led to practices developing distinct methodologies for calculating embodied carbon, which has led to inconsistent metrics and has dissuaded other professionals from engaging.
Capital Cost
Educa�on Engagement
Government Support Technology
Decreases capital cost No impact Not sure
Societal Implica�ons Educa�on Engagement
Materials Industry
A1 - A3:
A5: Constru
B1 - B5: Longevity &
C1 -
D: Rec
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2 | CLIMATE CATASTROPHE 2.4 | DESIGN AS A TOOL FOR AWARENESS This was a collaborative project undertaken during Intensive 1.3. The focus was around quick and efficient product design, moving from concept through an iterative design process in two weeks. The design which evolved focused on raising awareness around pollution and climate change by developing a system which "breathed" and reacted to pollutant levels in the centre of Oxford Circus. The relationship between design and awareness is explored further with my thesis. FCBS was subsequently at the same location three months later for the Architect's Declare march.
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2 | CLIMATE CATASTROPHE 2.4 | DESIGN AS A TOOL FOR AWARENESS
Produced for Intensive 2.3, this poster and set of diagrams looked at the promotion of social housing and modern methods of construction through the lens of an advertising campaign. The intention was to understand how to destigmatise social housing and promote new (or return to older) ways of living
COME ON A JOURNEY WITH YOUR NEW HOME
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03
SECTION HOUSING CRISIS
3 | HOUSING CRISIS 3.1 | AT A NATIONAL LEVEL
£1 MIL
£84,000,000
£83,000,000
£82,000,000
£81,000,000
All Properties / Camden
£80,000,000
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All Properties / UK
£77,000,000 £100K
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1. The Social. To situate architecture within the totality of relations of its production, distribution, exchange and consumption, and propose new practices for a socialist architecture under capitalism.
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Flats / UK
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In the UK at the moment the word ‘socialism’ is creeping back into public discourse. We’re once again able to use this term that one couldn’t ten years ago without being laughed at, or dismissed as an extremist, or even arrested. However, the idea still persists that one can only produce a socialist architecture under a socialist system. In maintaining this idea, the potential agency of the architect, or housing professional, or politician, or indeed activist is displaced into an infinitely deferred future that never arrives. How many Neoliberal architects find comfort in this convenient excuse for their collusion with the obscenities of capitalism? What we want to propose, in contrast, is that one can practice a socialist architecture as a professional architect even under existing policy and economic conditions — which are, of course, Neo-liberal through and through.
National flat prices vs. Camden
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Rent / UK
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House Prices
National rent rates vs. Camden 150
Rent House Prices
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Rent
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GDP per Capita vs. Residential Property Price Index
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Potential solutions include drastic increases in social housing, legitimately 'affordable' homes (although this is again problematic), the introduction of rent controls, tenant's rights and restrictions around property ownerships.
2008
Flats / Camden
© Architects for Social Housing 2019
Moreover, the notion of home ownership as a pinnacle and life goal is problematic in itself. It is seen as a safe investment for the monthly wage, an asset that is more than likely to increase in value. This is, partially due to the mass transferal of Britain's social housing stock to the private sector during the 1960s - 1980s, and exacerbated my Thatcher's 'Right to Buy'.
National property prices vs. Camden
£1 MIL
One might think that, by now, we wouldn’t have to reassert the context of this totality, but architecture today is still thought about, and written about, and used as if it were isolated from this totality. One of the characteristics of Neo-liberal housing policy is that it sees architecture as a form of real estate or a means of exchange, and ignores the totality of the social, environmental, economic and political relations within which it is produced and consumed.
When housing is considered as an asset rather than considered for its social value then it becomes an opportunity for individuals and companies to make investments. In its extreme, this is seen in foreign investments into domestic housing stocks where houses and units end up empty whilst their value increases and they are eventually sold. This is also seen in the landlord / tenant relationship, where the lack of regulation in the market means that decent living spaces often come at a premium and private rental becomes the most significant monthly outgoing. Landlords both create and profit from the existence of poverty and homelessness, as a direct result of the shortfall in housing, which grows each year.
2007
£75,000,000
I want to start by outlining our proposal for the book we’re writing under the title For a Socialist Architecture. It has a couple of potential subtitles so far, including: Ask these questions, and Under Capitalism; but it begins by addressing four contexts of a socialist architecture, the first one of which we’ll be focusing on today:
2006
1. Contexts of a Socialist Architecture
£76,000,000
2005
The housing crisis in this country, and indeed the majority of other traditionally wealthy nations is a complicated issue. It is not merely an issue of lack of supply, and seeing it as such can have far-reaching consequences that can be severely detrimental in the fight against climate change.
GDP/Capita Level Residential Property Price Level
[] 28 178
£85,000,000
Index of Rents vs Prices
O l i v e r B a l d o c k | A rc h i t e c t u re A p p re nt i c e s h i p Lev e l 7
[] 29 178
3 | HOUSING CRISIS 3.2 | WITHIN CAMDEN
6 BED 5 BED 1 BED
4 BED
2 BED 3 BED
Housing is an issue in Camden, as it is in every London borough. The number of people unhoused and waiting on the housing register is dramatic. Social housing has seen a particular decline over the past 40 years within the borough. The supply of council housing does not meet the demand, with many younger people wanting smaller homes with less bedrooms than is typical in the area.
OWNER OCCUPIED
PRIVATE RENTED
COUNCIL RENTED
OTHER
HOUSING ASSOCIATION EXISTING SUPPLY OF HOUSING 6 BED 5 BED 4 BED
1 BED 2 BED 3 BED
DEMAND FOR HOUSING (FROM HOUSING REGISTER)
1961
1971
1981
1991
CHANGE IN DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSING TENURE IN CAMDEN SINCE 1961
2001
2011
AWAITING HOUSING
HOUSED
HOUSING REGISTER
O l i v e r B a l d o c k | A rc h i t e c t u re A p p re nt i c e s h i p Lev e l 7
[] 30 178
3 | HOUSING CRISIS 3.3 | HIGHER DENSITY IS BETTER
HIGH RISE LOW COVERAGE 100 UNITS/HA 1782 MORDEN ROAD WIMBLEDON
1. High density housing provides opportunity to use population growth to create new housing options rather than continued urban sprawl. 2. High density housing creates architectural diversity in an urban townscape. 3. High density housing contributes to solving climate change. 4. High density housing is the only way to provide affordable housing in good locations which enable affordable livin 5. High density allows efficient use of small-scale green technologies. 6. High density housing creates opportunities for more community and creativity, as well as cultural and economic diversity. 7. High density housing improves economic outcomes through agglomeration, local economic benefits, reduction in avoidable costs and less externalities.
Of course, all these points are true up to a certain level. Beyond that they are issues to do with under-resourcing and overcrowding. But general a low rise, high density approach to housing can allow for the introduction of a mix of uses into a scheme, helping to create a vibrant, mixed use neighbourhood which will help to strengthen existing communities and make for happier residents. The proposal put forward through this research and design project take into account the existing and surrounding density of council estates within Camden to inform the design to introduce new homes and new residents. There are, certainly, neighbourhoods in Camden which are already overcrowded and so will not reap the benefits of additional developments. Others, however, lack both the density and the community facilities to create a vibrant place to live. These places are of particular interest.
40 - MAIDEN LANE ESTATE DENSITY 168 units per hectare
UNITS SITE AREA
LOW RISE HIGH COVERAGE 100 UNITS/HA
MEDIUM RISE MEDIUM COVERAGE 100 UNITS/HA
= 387 = 2.29 ha
14 - SOMERTON HOUSE ESTATE
01 - DERBY LODGE ESTATE
23 - PHOENIX COURT ESTATE
28 - CRANLEIGH HOUSE ESTATE
18 - OSSULTON ESTATE
04 - 1 to 43 SAGE WAY ESTATE
DENSITY 159 units per hectare
DENSITY 153 units per hectare
DENSITY 152 units per hectare
DENSITY 142 units per hectare
DENSITY 138 units per hectare
DENSITY 137 units per hectare
UNITS SITE AREA
UNITS SITE AREA
UNITS SITE AREA
UNITS SITE AREA
UNITS SITE AREA
UNITS SITE AREA
= 32 = 0.20 ha
= 37 = 0.31ha
= 78 = 0.51ha
= 28 = 0.20ha
= 162 = 1.17ha
= 39 = 0.28ha
09 - BIRKENHEAD STREET ESTATE
21 - OSSULTON ESTATE 01
08 - CROMER STREET ESTATE 02
07 - CROMER STREET ESTATE 01
37 - COLLEGE PLACE ESTATE 02
24 - SOMERS TOWN ESTATE
34 - GODWIN & CROWNDALE ESTATE
20 - OAKSHOTT COURT
36 - COLLEGE PLACE ESTATE
DENSITY 137 units per hectare
DENSITY 123 units per hectare
DENSITY 122 units per hectare
DENSITY 122 units per hectare
DENSITY 120 units per hectare
DENSITY 118 units per hectare
DENSITY 115 units per hectare
DENSITY 114 units per hectare
DENSITY 97 units per hectare
UNITS SITE AREA
UNITS SITE AREA
UNITS SITE AREA
UNITS SITE AREA
UNITS SITE AREA
UNITS SITE AREA
UNITS SITE AREA
UNITS SITE AREA
UNITS SITE AREA
= 70 = 0.28ha
= 100 = 0.81ha
= 54 = 0.44ha
= 96 = 0.76 ha
= 82 = 0.69 ha
= 116 = 0.98ha
= 132 = 1.15ha
= 68 = 0.60ha
= 127 = 1.31ha
04 - 1 to 24 GRANGEFIELD
06 - SIDMOUTH STREET ESTATE
25 - BRIDGEWAY STREET
41 - AGAR GROVE ESTATE
05 - NEW CALTHORPE ESTATE
DENSITY 97 units per hectare
DENSITY 96 units per hectare
DENSITY 91 units per hectare
DENSITY 81 units per hectare
DENSITY 79 units per hectare
UNITS SITE AREA
UNITS SITE AREA
UNITS SITE AREA
UNITS SITE AREA
UNITS SITE AREA
= 15 = 0.16ha
= 70 = 0.73ha
= 32 = 0.35ha
= 163 = 2.00ha
32 - GOLDINGTON STREET ESTATE
43 - ST PAULS CRESCENT
26 - COOPER LANE ESTATE
10 - REGENT SQUARE ESTATE
12 - 1 to 84 FLAXMAN COURT ESTATE
27 - SOMERS CLOSE ESTATE
39 - CURNOCK STREET ESTATE
DENSITY 77 units per hectare
DENSITY 76 units per hectare
DENSITY 75 units per hectare
DENSITY 74 units per hectare
DENSITY 74 units per hectare
DENSITY 73 units per hectare
DENSITY 69 units per hectare
UNITS SITE AREA
UNITS SITE AREA
UNITS SITE AREA
UNITS SITE AREA
UNITS SITE AREA
UNITS SITE AREA
UNITS SITE AREA
= 71 = 0.92 ha
= 24 = 0.32ha
= 123 = 1.64ha
= 101 = 1.36ha
= 51 = 0.69ha
= 34 = 0.46ha
= 173 = 2.52ha
25 - PENRYN STREET ESTATE 01
11 - 1 to 73 TONBRIDGE HOUSE
16 - CHURCHWAY ESTATE
19 - CHALTON HOUSE ESTATE
31 - PENRYN STREET ESTATE 02
DENSITY 66 units per hectare
DENSITY 66 units per hectare
DENSITY 65 units per hectare
DENSITY 60 units per hectare
DENSITY 50 units per hectare
UNITS SITE AREA
UNITS SITE AREA
UNITS SITE AREA
UNITS SITE AREA
UNITS SITE AREA
= 23 = 0.35ha
= 46 = 0.70ha
29 - MAYFORD ESTATE DENSITY 33 units per hectare
UNITS SITE AREA
= 29 = 0.88ha
= 46 = 0.70 ha
= 46 = 0.70 ha
17 - SEYMOUR HOUSE ESTATE
13 - 1 to 30 WINSTON ESTATE
DENSITY 29 units per hectare
DENSITY 16 units per hectare
UNITS SITE AREA
= 21 = 0.73ha
UNITS SITE AREA
= 13 = 0.80ha
= 54 = 0.68 ha
= 15 = 0.30ha
Camden's Council Estates FCBS Social Housing FCBS Housing
O l i v e r B a l d o c k | A rc h i t e c t u re A p p re nt i c e s h i p Lev e l 7
3 | HOUSING CRISIS 3.4 | ONE ROUTE TO DENSITY London’s terraced houses are a valuable resource; their conservation makes economic and practical sense. Our design ‘up-cycles’ these houses for 21st century living and future adaptability: It proposes, through altered planning legislation and government-assisted funding, the empowerment of terraced house owners to add valuable additional living accommodation to their homes; helping to solve our current housing crisis whilst retaining and reviving a valued London housing typology. Working within design parameters aimed at maintaining quality, living accommodation in terraces could be increased by 30% by simply adding a single storey, with roof terrace, and a full height extension to the back.
One of the key ideas that Montgomery discusses is the idea of well designed density. This is similar to the design direction taken on many of FCBS housing projects, where low rise, high density living is far better fore residents than high rise living. Low rise high density provides opportunities for engagement as well as escape, a greater chance of people to mingle on their doorsteps
Summary
[] 31 178
higher density, more efficient urban centres, without losing the
HOUSING OVER PUBLIC ASSETS
London’s Rooftops: Potential to THE TERRACE UPCYCLE Deliver Housing
amenity spaces.
WSP
ADAM COLLINGWOOD ARCHITECTS
Looks at the potential for municipal buildings to be built on. Their report consider Lambeth as a case
Adam Collingwoods proposes building on top of the prevalent terraced house typology around
than in an elevator and greater access to private and public external spaces, creating opportunities for nature to come in. Indeed, a few designers in our practice have been look at redeveloping the back to back typology as a method of creating
ADAMS + COLLINGWOOD ARCHITECTS | NLA NEW IDEAS FOR HOUSING
10
forrights for permitted development that eased the London. In 2014, they suggest an introduction of new
Rooftop construction is an extremely useful and practical way
study and estimated that 630,000 homes could be provided across London, based on 100m2 units and
to increase the density of existing neighbourhoods, whilst being
an additional 6 storeys above each site. It proposes a mix of 50-80% affordable units with the rest
Apex Development creation of upward extensions, as wasAirspace eventually added in 2018. For the Terrace Upcycle they suggest
able to renovate the buildings and provide opportunities for
PRS, and aims to meet the 2021 estimated capacity deficit, 9835 homes, for Lambeth. There is little
an increase of one storey to existing houses and the provision of roof gardens. They estimate this would
communal spaces. This differs from rooftop extensions which
included in the way of proposal or design work, which would useful considering the afforable nature of
provide 1.7 million dwellings within Greater London. The scheme lacks nuance, and vastly overestimates
are simply residents making their own spaces larger and not
this scheme.
its success rates compared to other precedents.
part of Apex Housing Solutions
providing any more bed spaces for those needing housing. A rooftop house creates a separate entity that in some case soley uses the roof of the building. It has separate entrances, separate
August 2016
electricity and water supply and so runs independently. HTA’s 2016 report for Apex Airspace looks at an in-depth analysis of precedents and benefits and drawbacks as well as potential processes for designing and producing these spaces. This also includes extensive research into planning policy and specifically Camden’s concerns. One of the biggest issues is roof types and the structural stability of the existing building. On top of thisare the legal considerations of the rights and ownership of airspace. With regards to council housing, how much design control and power do the residents living on the top floor have on the idea of something being built on top of them?
ROOFTOP RE(GENERATION)
HTA WITH APEX AIRSPACE
BELL PHILLIPS ARCHITECTS
HTA DESIGN WITH APEX AIRSPACE
Bell Phillips specify post war housing suggesting that the number of homes in each estate could be
HTA suggest in their 2016 study for Apex Airspaces that redeveloping the rooftops of suitable buildings,
increased by 30% without an undue impact. It looks at challenging the existing approach of demolition
guided by technial considerations, could provide 179,000 new homes across Greater London. The study
and redevelopment which can cause huge disruption to existing communities. They suggest a modular
suggests a range of options for different building types and look at access to the 1 Bed and 2 Bed units.
approach with focus on cross laminated timber to provide the new homes. There is little consideration
This is useful as a technical exercise that begins to look at how the process of designing would work.
fo technical design, the cost of works to improve the existing infrastructure and make the site suitable
There is little about how the proposal would sit in context and what demographic would be catered for.
for this development.
O l i v e r B a l d o c k | A rc h i t e c t u re A p p re nt i c e s h i p Lev e l 7
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6
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MORhomes, NatWest, Assura, Pearson Funding
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Social Bond: Proceeds focused on projects that support socially disadvantaged groups
3
in -r
Clarion, Kelda, Burberry, Severn Trent Utilities, Southern Water, Co-operative Group
2
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Water Bond (Blue Bond) Focused on water, waste management, coastal areas, marine biodiversity
£79,000,000
These ideas are explored in greater depth within the Thesis and suggest that sustainability can lead to affordability if both those things remain at the centre of the design process.
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pensions
Furthermore, a variety of studies over the past decade have shown that the lifetime costs of better fabric efficiencies are less than simply meeting the Part L standards. For example, whilst the cost uplift of Passivhaus construction techniques is between 5-10%, the reduction in energy loss and thus energy costs sees that investment paid back in 10 years.
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Issuer Based
Intrinsically sustainable Issuers that have ‘pure play’ sustainability focus that is core part of investment proposition
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ESG-rated bonds Bonds that incorporate a solicited ESG rating into the termsheet.
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Pricing Linkage
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ESG-rating based Issuer Strategy
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More and more investors are interested and investing in projects and developments with verified sustainability results. Typically, these are more common in commercial and office projects, with the direct results of sustainable design influencing the wellbeing of workers. However, these routes are becoming more common for housing developments, with larger well-known developers securing funding based on the accomplishments of previous projects.
tr
Beyond traditional funding methods for social housing (as shown on the right with a breakdown of how Camden spends its budget), sustainability provides an opportunity for new funding routes.
co
[] 32 178
O l i v e r B a l d o c k | A rc h i t e c t u re A p p re nt i c e s h i p Lev e l 7
[] 33 178
3 | HOUSING CRISIS 3.6 | MENTAL HEALTH & URBAN LIVING
This graphic is based on the research completed for one of two literature review undertaken at the start of dissertation preparation. The work focused on happiness within our urban environments, and the factors that would need to be considered by the design team. Ultimately, the research went in a different direction, however, this background knowledge has been useful for the design project.
O l i v e r B a l d o c k | A rc h i t e c t u re A p p re nt i c e s h i p Lev e l 7
[] 34 178
3 | HOUSING CRISIS 3.7 | HAPPIER CITIES
At the beginning of this masters I read Charles Montgomery's 'Happy Cities'. The ideas and stories told within that book became influential to the development of my own concepts and later designs. This page maps out what he considers to be the key influences on our happiness within an urban landscape. Of particular note is the area (highlighted) which looks at how the choice of spaces and options for interactions affects our wellbeing. This idea is directly drawn into the range of spaces I have design across the project which range from fully private to fully public. It is also significant to understand the difference between contentment and reported happiness and how each influence our overall life satisfaction. If anything, this book gets you to see your surroundings in a whole new light, and begin to understand how the urban environment is affecting you. Additional useful readings on the topic: • Walkable Cities - Jeff Speck • Ground Control - Anna Minton • Happiness by Design - Paul Dolan
O l i v e r B a l d o c k | A rc h i t e c t u re A p p re nt i c e s h i p Lev e l 7
04
SECTION BUSINESS MODEL
This critical thinking model explores the establishment of an architecture practice which focuses on designing and delivering social housing within the UK.
The intended outcome is create housing solutions which are truly affordable for their inhabitants, can be adapted both while in use and at the end of life, and can be delivered with a minimal or even positive environmental footprint. As shown in the critical thinking model S4SH follows four main service models to achieve this.
GC6
GC4
GC1
Generate architectural design proposals. Evaluate and apply a comprehensive range of visual, oral and written media to test, analyse, critique and explain design proposals Produce drawings and 3D models using relevant software including Computer-Aided Design (CAD)
GC8
Integrate knowledge of structural principles and construction techniques with building design
Apply understanding of current architectural debate to produce innovative solutions Produce clear, logically argued and original written work relating to architectural culture, theory and design
Evaluate materials, processes and techniques that apply to architectural designs with multiple constraints and building construction, and how to integrate these into practicable design proposals Apply various technological methods to building design to provide conditions of comfort and protection against the environment
GC3
Apply fine art theories in a creative way that acknowledges their conceptualisation and representation
Meet client’s brief within the constraints of the imposed budget limitations and building regulations
GC4
Comply with relevant town planning policy throughout design and construction phases to obtain planning permission (e.g. submitting planning application)
GC2
GC5
GC6
GC7
GC10
GC11
Identify end user needs, local and the social context in which the project is developed Lead design development in respect of environmental context and sustainability Lead projects or parts of projects, taking into consideration business priorities and practice management Deliver services in a responsible manner, prioritising the interests of the client and other stakeholders Problem-solve and use professional judgment to take initiative and make appropriate decisions in situations with multiple constraints Critically review precedents relevant to the function, organisation and technological strategy of a design proposals Prepare and develop a project brief (e.g. by referring to RIBA Plan of Work)
Interact with statutory authorities (e.g. planning or building control), private bodies (e.g. developers) or individuals to competently deliver projects in a wide variety of sectors and within diverse legislative frameworks
+
HARDWARE desktops & screens printers office equipment
SOFTWARE design (multiple) accounting project management cloud storage data model BIM asset archive
rented rented owned leased
OFFICE studio space meeting rooms kitchen gallery space
=
license fee license fee license fee license fee owned owned
WEBSITE domain web pages content
subscription subscription owned
SHARES
profit dependent
RELATIONSHIPS SKILLSET & KNOWLEDGE
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
primary connection secondary connection consequential connection
TRADEMARK
protected by LLP
COPYRIGHT drawings & designs data 3D models
contract dependent
SERVICES MODEL
protected by LLP
RESEARCH OUTPUTS
shared under creative commons
requires constant care requires constant retention & improving
understand the needs of the users
find sites where investment will create the greatest social value
balance development with affordability
design for manufacturing & (dis)assembly
manage offsite fabrication & meanwhile use
develop initial programme of non-residential uses
manage onsite construction
undertake post occupancy social & environmental evaluations
learn & improve
architects
programmers
Over the past 50 years a stigma has become attached to council housing and we can actively work to change that.
community engagement officer
74
INTROVERTED (I)
26
55
OBSERVANT (S)
45
60
THINKING (T)
40
54
JUDGING (J)
46
65
TURBULENT (T)
35
WEAKNESSES
honest and direct
stubborn
strong willed and dutiful
insensitive
responsible
always by the book
calm and practical
judgemental
jack-of-all trades
often unreasonably blame
researchers
data model
YEAR 1
QUATERNARY SERVICE RESEARCH
Our track record, service model, skillset and knowledge ensures that our designs will meet stringent sustainability targets. This enables the clients and councils we work with to obtain Sustainability-Linked Loans (SLL) which banks have created as a proactive approach to Environmental, Social, and Corporate Governance (ESG). This mitigates some need to create market sales to fund social housing.
GC11
GC6
GC6
GC8
PROFILE
develop a communicable online presence which actively works to engage new clients & communities through top-down and bottom-up approaches
2 Architects (act as directors for forseeable future)
1 Programmer
1 Community Liason Officer
1 Researcher (Part Time)
5 Architects
YEAR 5
4 Programmers 1 Planning Consultant
2 Arch. Apprentices
each project has a dedicated Project Architect who asks as risk manager for S4SH YEAR 10
10 Architects 5 Arch. Apprentices
4 Programmers 1 Planning Consultant 1 UX Designer
interview
1 Office Manager 1 PR Manager 1 HR Manager 1 BIM / IT Manager
2 Researchers 2 PHD Students 1 Data Analysr
1 Community Liason Officer
employee ownership
site finding & analysis
1 PREPARATION & BRIEFING
INTEGRATED PRODUCT
Although this practice
INSURANCE
2 CONCEPT DESIGN
architectural, adhering to establish, IPI collectively both the ARB and RIBA
insures the entire project
code of conduct and
team, in contrast to PII,
principals of
with the implentation of a
professionalism sets
pain-share/gain share
useful groundwork for
mechanism. This
competent practices.
proactively encourages
3 SPATIAL COORDINATION
GC10
GC11
Completely owned and governed by the employees. A small equity buy-in is paid with profit-sharing based on hours worked. The set up costs are typically lower than ESOPs.
Employees do not pay for their ownership benefists, and receive a share of the company’s annual profits. The set up costs are typically lower than ESOPs
Directors are elected by the full membership.
GC6
The trusts preserve the business over the long term in order to benefit the employees
GC11
appraisal
profit share increases with time & experience
GC7
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
PREPARATION & BRIEF
CONCEPT DESIGN
SPATIAL COORDINATION
TECHNICAL DESIGN
CONSTRUCTION
HANDOVER
USE
SITE FINDING USER CONSULTATION HOUSING DESIGN (advocating for DFMA & disassembly)
GC5
GC11
GC7
GC11
work force own shares in the company therefore the benefits of wealth creation accrue directly to them
GC4
7 USE
8 END OF LIFE GC10
GC10
developing standardise yet adaptable designs using offsite mmc to produce homes which remain genuinely affordable across their lifetimes
architects
events conferences previous work
evaluation of technical design against users needs
POE on social performance
research topics and tasks occuring in the background which enable design works (i.e. cost comparisons of alternative materials) SECOND STAGE FIRST STAGE TENDER PLANNING ACHIEVED NEGOTATION
POE on technical performance
GC11 GC11
GC8
GC8
GC11
stricter future carbon taxation if goals are not met - can be used to develop incentives through NEC3 contracts.
RISKS & BENEFITS GC11
DEVELOPING RISK-ADVERSE STRATEGIES TO OVERCOME SET UP COSTS AND INITIAL MINIMAL CLIENTELE
GC5
GC10
engage BOPAS to reduce percieved risk of MMC and non traditional practices to clients and investors
COUNCILS & HOUSING ASSOC. DEVELOPERS COMMUNITIES LOCAL BUSINESS
Percieved risk of cost, fire and
A strong identity with a clear
aesthetics within modular timber
strategy and approach
SERVICES
ASSETS
CLIENTS
manufacturer landscape architect
novel methods of identifying partners who share similar values
workstream dependent on client uptake and number of projects to be delivered within similar timespan
Increased risk for first project
Variety of services maximise
based on uptake from Camden
opportunities within traditional
council
processes
Partially reliant on Site Finding
BIM and data assets streamline
algorithms which represents
work processes and allow for data
spending resources at risk
feedback and learning
Site Finding is a period of unpaid
Active work getting through Site
work which occurs at risk.
Finding develops new
Reliant on a varied skill set from the outset
construction and use of flying factory
None
STAGES 1 - 3
Fixed fee
Fixed fee
Fixed fee
None
STAGES 4 - 5
% of construction cost
N/A
Fixed Fee
None
user, community, material and construction considerations
pre application engagement undertaken
engagement with local businesses
first stage tender
STAGES 6 - 7
Time charge
N/A
Fixed Fee
None
planning application submitted
tender documents submitted
opportunities for flying factory locations
second stage tender
construction documents ongoing
S4SH novated
user consultation & POE
handover process with residents
handover documentation
consultation arm appointed seperately
GC11
maintenance & resale strategy
user and community feedback
user and community feedback
post-occupancy evaluation
disassembly & reuse strategy
site rehabilitation strategy
user and community strategy
material reuse & recycle methodologies
maintenance strategy drawn up
end of life strategy and lessons learnt
open source independent research
PROPORTION OF SERVICES
DEDICATION OF RESOURCES
SERVICE REVENUE
typical work flow of services and contractural shifts
GC10
TWO STAGE DESIGN & BUILD PROCUREMENT
Collaborate with specialists and professionals
· Proactive development of proposals
NEC Option C: Target Contract with activity
who shared similar goals of producing
· Network events
schedule
affordable and sustainable, high quality
· Conferences
housing solutions. This will involves utiling a
· Wealth of existing research
DfMA approach to construction which
· Online presence & social media
develops a kit of parts that enables the final
· Community engagement
· A two stage tender enables the contractor to
home to be customised and adapted to the
· Collaborator engagement
enter the design process at an earlier stage
needs of the resident, who will form a
· Encourage referrals
which is vital for a DfMA approach to
Preliminary research, analysis and capacity studies will form an initial proposal targeted at Camden Council. This will outline our
deconstruction of flying factory
RELATIONSHIPS
Diverse skill set and background develops novel approaches
Initial projects are reliant on
Trust of Camden Council can be
involvement & flexibility of
carefully managed to procure new
Camden Council
projects and tailor services
Additional insurance required to
Emphasis on quality & longevity of
reduce risk during the design and
relationships beyond the
delivery processes
traditional design processes
COSTS
REVENUE
FUNDING
submissions of research intent and proactive use of social media to build partner practices
INSURANCE
HOURLY FEES
Rent
Integrated project insurance
Housing Design
Business Rates
General (office / third party) DATABASE
Electricity Gas
SALARIES
SUBSCRIPTIONS
Water Rates
Architectural
Site Finding
Maintenance
Researchers
Security
Programmers
FIXED FEE
HR & Admin
User Consultation
IT
Financial GRANTS & FUNDING
Equipment Software & Software Licenses Internet & Email
?
MISCELLANEOUS
Research
Advertising Travel
Accounts
Training
Skype / Teams
Pensions
Subscriptions
Taxes
Cloud Storage
Warranties REINVEST
SERVICES ENGINEER
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER
ARCHITECT
GC10
GC11
QUANTITY SURVEYOR
the consultant team to share in the benefits
· Work processes and collaboration
of the cost savings (and the burden of cost
· BIM Level 2 work processes
overruns) which promotes accurate costings
· Efficient program and project
DESIGNERS
COST
based on the activity schedule.
CONSULTANT
· However, there is a need to retain more
BIM COORDINATORS
CARBON
such as St Pancras Arches, where the
RETAIN THESE RELATIONSHIPS
CONSULTANT
additional elements of heritage consultation
this opportunity will be used, including
EMPLOYER ADVISER
contract which enables the contractor and
experience with DfMA and low carbon
experienced relationship with contractor reduces perceived risk therefore the relationship between the contractor and client is also key
DESIGN & BUILD CONTRACTOR
construction. · An Option C ECC contract is a cost plus
design control on more complicated sites,
solutions. Non-traditional routes of advertising
DESIGN & BUILD TWO STAGE TENDER
RESEARCHERS
will require time and resources to resolve.
· Successful projects and PR involvement
· The architect’s relationship with Camden
· Ongoing site monitoring and feedback
MODELMAKERS
council prior to Stage 0 (regarding Site
· Improved knowledge and confidence
Finding) will require a contractural
interested in our values.
EXISTING RESIDENT
INTERNAL PR
although not the owner of the existing property, as the majority of sites are on existing council estates, liaising with and updating the existing residents of the estate through regular meetings
arrangement outside of the standard forms
and consultations is important to improve the
of contract
later integration of new residents.
LOANS & ETHICAL CROWDSOURICING PLATSFORMS
GC4
PROFIT
Revise due to COVID19 & WFH? OFFICE
of the project.
management
intentions. We will work with Camden to
CAMDEN COUNCIL
NEW RESIDENT
· Promotes cost certainty and a faster delivery
DEVELOP THESE RELATIONSHIPS
THE STRATEGY
appropriate partners, namely those who have
GC8
GC11
ATTRACT NEW CLIENTS & PARTNERS
GC11
GC11 using offsite prefabrication with a well trained onsite assembly team reduces risk & improves programme
THE VISION
GC7
CLIENTS
BENEFITS
opportunities and relationships
section 106 agreement established
design & location of flying factory
Fixed Fee
S4SH appointed
consultations undertaken
feasibility & costings appraisal
develop tender documentations to find
GC6
WORK FORCE
consultation to understand what community services require improvements
engagement with new residents & communities
RISKS & BENEFITS
WORK PROCESSES
onsite assembly begins
contractor engineer
feasibility & costings appraisal
non-contractural member of the design team.
use a design and build procurement route. NEC3 ECC Option C. This shares the risk of overspend between the contractor and the client.
CLIENTS DFMA and a disassembly approach to construction significantly reduce time on site therefore reducing costs
GC10
construction
pre-application engagement
% of project value
partner engagement
professional liability & indemnity insurance covers risk when exploring services outside the traditional remit of the architect.
RELATIONSHIPS
AFFORDABLE
GC10
greater resources and external collaboration are required at earlier RIBA stages - for site finding and dfma coordination
GC8
evaluation of development potential for appropriate sites
fabric and sustainability targets chosen
N/A
in-use guidance
PROCUREMENT CONTRACTS INSURANCE
utilise vesting certificates to guarantee construction programs (assuming the client agrees with the risk)
GC10
GC7
RESEARCH
camden council
planning performance agreement signed
GC6
AFFORDABLE ADAPTABLE LOW CARBON SOCIAL HOUSING
external cost and carbon consultant engaged from project commencement to embed principles into design
DEMOCRATIC WORKER COOPERATIVE DIVERSITY OF SKILLSETS
GC5
PROFILE
tendering process
site proposal submitted
RELATIONSHIPS
developing standardised designs which create opportunities for both a range of family and living typologies and for change over it’s lifetime.
VALUE PROPOSITION
WORK FORCE
multidisciplinary and collaborative workforce enable rigorous and well rounded work processes
RISKS
offsite manufacturing begins
service fee paid non-contractual
develop design for manufacturing & assembly
consultancy on onsite assembly
GC10
SHARES
BOPAS & RISK MANAGEMENT
PREFABRICATION
The Buildoffsite Property Assurance Scheme is an evaluation of the risk posed by homes built from non-traditional methods and materials to assure funders, lenders and purchasers that developments will achieve a lifetime of at least 60 years.
Specifying the use of vesting certificates by the offsite manufacturers when forming a contractural relationship with them will mitigate any potential risk faced by the client and contractor in the event of insolvency. These certificates ensure ownership of the prefabricated components occurs upon payment. Typical clauses are included within the NEC family of contracts (as well as other types)
PART B
The accreditation helps to reduce life cycle costs and offers latent defect insurance if there should be any structural defects within the 10-12 year warranty.
CROSS LAMINATED TIMBER Although the proposed project at St Pancras Arches sits below 18m in height, thus avoiding potential future height restrictions on timber buildings within the UK., future projects may not be. The greatest risk of fire within CLT buildings occur within the construction phase where fire spreads far easier. This is reflected with higher premiums within a contractors risk insurance, and is an issue that should be raised within any tender.
GC5
GC6
GC11
full architectural service
design for manufacturing is undertaken
concept design
5 MANUFACTURING AND CONSTRUCTION
client expectation managed through meeting the funding goals established in the brief and funding schedule
engagement of all clients in the development of brief and design which helps to reduce planning risk and timescale
SERVICES
CARBON NEGATIVE
continued professional development and engagement training strengthen intangible assets
additional specialists brought in either through sub-contracts or seconded from partner companies
STRATEGIC DEFINITION
P-DfMA chosen as design route
GC10
PROPORTION OF SERVICES OVER TIME
GC10
GC6
GC11
ensuring that part of the brief includes creation of local employment be that in construction apprenticeships or elsewhere
access to profit share
-1
PPA signed large major development required
material & sustainability research
options & opportunities report
ADAPTABLE
DEVELOPING A PROCESS WHERE ALL SERVICE STREAMS FEED INTO A LARGER DATA MODEL WHICH INFORMS OUR DESIGN WORK
HOUSING DESIGN
can be procured seperately but processes develop a feedback loop
public consultation
documents for second stage tender
6 HANDOVER
EMPLOYEE OWNERSHIP TRUSTS (EOTS)
MARKET RESEARCH
site analysis & project background
GC7
research papers
housing design
GC6
engagement of users into the design process
engagement with camden council
4 TECHNICAL DESIGN
cohesive workings.
GC11
striving to develop designs whose sequested carbon will negate the operating emissions of the homes over their intended lifetimes.
WORK PROCESS
USER CONSULTATION
QUATERNARY SERVICE RESEARCH
(PRE) STAGE 0
documents for first stage tender
environement we wish to
GC6
SITE ANALYSIS & DATA MODEL KNOWLEDGE BASE CLIENT RELATIONSHIPS
1 year period (post part 3 for architects)
SITE FINDING
TERTIARY SERVICE USER CONSULTATION
site analysis
provides a mix of services, As an example of the work developing a robust set of work processes
SECONDARY SERVICE SITE FINDING
site analysis
open source sharing of research / analysis / POE to encourage new clients and develop collaborations
forming a diverse team to develop a collaborative and innovative practice focusing on developing sustainable solutions for social housing
employee-owned practice encourages work force to be invested in company ethics and goals
ASSETS & TECH.
BIM model
WORK COOPERATIVES
salaried contract
OBLIGATIONS
not all of which are
PRIMARY SERVICE HOUSING DESIGN
brief development
soft landings framework
GC11
WORK PROCESS
This comes with significant tax benefits, and shares are earnt as a retirement benefit. However these plans are best suited for well established companies
2 Arch Apprentices 1 Office Manager 1 PR Manager 1 BIM / IT Manager
1 Researcher 1 PHD Student
1 Community Liason Officer
FLEXIBLE & ADMIN
clients
GC10 nurturing of assets improves efficiency of early stage work processes (site analysis etc.)
development of a digital twin and BIM portal to develop internal value for team members
Primarily used to transfer all or part of a company’s shares into a trust on behalf of the employees
work force
GC9
GC6
TERTIARY SERVICE USER CONSULTATION
equality and diversity among colleagues
GC1
WORK FORCE SECONDARY SERVICE SITE FINDING
innovation
0 STRATEGIC DEFINITION
themselves
GC9
PRIMARY SERVICE HOUSING DESIGN
collaboration
non - specific project work which enables other services
creating a cohesive yet varied service model
STRENGTHS
GC11
EMPLOYEE STOCK OWNERSHIP PLANS (ESOPs)
GC6 risk avoidance built in to work processes
GC9
user consultation
This can come through ensuring diversity within our own workforce which develops our own thinking and designs as we develop a wider approach to problem solving. We can also offer opportunities for work experience, paid internships or if not appropriate, scholarships for members of these communities.
GC7
GC11
developing a small team
create space for colleagues to thrive & innovate
Treating our relationship with the communities we’re working within as a key asset. This means looking at other ways we can create social value beyond the built environment.
It is of importance to note that the skillsets and knowledge of individuals within the practice are of assets to other team members. The structure of the services model allows them to function either independently or cohesively. Treating this structure as a set of assets means that developing improvements in one creates an overall enhancement in the final product delivered to the clients.
sustainability
SENTINEL CONSTANT IMPROVEMENT
Fundamentally, the end user, in this case the new resident, and the community are brought into the design process from an earlier stage, adding additional insight into the proposal and therefore developing homes that stay relevant for longer.
GC7
PRACTICE “LOGISTICIAN” (ISTJ-T)
Comfortable and happy homes are a human right and therefore affordably enabling access to them for everyone without creating further environmental debt is the focus of our work.
COMMUNITY RELATIONSHIPS
Intangible assets such as the skillsets and knowledge of the workforce are communicated with the clients through the use of other intangible assets such as software and PR, and tangible assets such as office equipment.
GC6 PERSONAL
S4SH focuses on designing and delivery affordable, adaptable, low carbon social housing. Through this process it engages local communities to create added value for the areas in which the projects are situated.
We are not only witnessing an ongoing housing crisis across the United Kingdom, but also the global climate crisis which the construction industry as a whole is yet to develop an adequate response to. S4SH looks to develop solutions with all of its partners to not just mitigate the footprint of it’s construction but to create construction methods and designs which provided social and environmental value for the clients with which it works.
secondary objectives
GC6
INTANGIBLE ASSETS
GC4
primary aims
ASSETS & TECHNOLOGY TANGIBLE ASSETS
GC4
UNIQUE SELLING POINT
An architect is able to:
GC9
Initially focused on expanding and improving on the variety of social housing already available in Camden, the model explored in this document looks at how this service can be delivered to a wider network of housing providers including other council, housing associations and developers.
GC5
SERVICES
YEAR 10
0 | HOW WE WORK 0.1 | THE BUSINESS MODEL
PROFILE
YEAR 5
36 178
VALUE PROPOSITION
YEAR 1
[]
INTRODUCTION
Due to the above, the contractor will need to take on product liability insurance which protects them against the cost of compensation should the components be faulty.
PRIMARY SERVICE HOUSING DESIGN
SECONDARY SERVICE SITE FINDING
TERTIARY SERVICE USER CONSULTATION
QUATERNARY SERVICE RESEARCH
YEAR 1
NEW RESIDENT
OBJECTIVES
RELATIONSHIP WITHIN WORKFORCE
affordability
community engagement access to tailored designs and engagement with local council about current and future officer
engagement CAMDEN COUNCIL
affordability
architect
needs
architect
development of previously inaccessible sites reduced programme and construction costs
buildability
YEAR 5
engagement with local communities
programme LOCAL COMMUNITY
OUR VALUE TO THE CLIENTS
programme
community engagement engage with the changing face of their community. have a voice in how local council officer
affordability
architect
engagement
resources are spent COUNCILS / HA YEAR 10 ACADEMIA
In order to reduce risk of damage on site, delivery schedules need to be well coordinated with site processes to so additional onsite storage and subsequent insurance is not required by the contractor.
affordability, adaptability and end of life are
buildability
built into the design process. provision of
quality
recommendations for contractors and partners
improved understanding researcher
access to unique big data sets on urban
of low carbon design
programmer
developments and user requirements as well as
access to new
researcher
access to early stage site analysis and
work processes &
programmer
potential sites in order to create proactive work
post occupancy studies OTHER PRACTICES
FINANCIER DECISION MAKER
getting streams
information DEVELOPERS
affordability
architect
tried and tested affordable housing schemes
programme
researcher
with a work process that proves strong
efficiency
programmer
community support = guaranteed planning.
O l i v e |r Architecture B a l d o c k | A r c h Apprenticeship i t e c t u r e A p p r e n t i cLevel e s h i p LSeven evel 7 Oliver Baldock | Feilden Clegg Bradley Studios
[] 37 178
4 | HOW WE WORK 4.2 | THE DESIGN PROCESS
CLIENT
CLIENT
ARCHITECT
NEW RESIDENT
skilled designer
end user . brief
ARCHITECT
LOCAL RESIDENT
skilled designer
community . brief
ARCHITECT
skilled designer . site
PLANNING
PLANNING
CONTRACTOR
CONTRACTOR
builder
builder
CONTRACTOR
HOUSING
HOUSING & COMMUNAL AMENITIES
HOUSING & COMMUNAL AMENITIES
Current housing design process.
LOCAL RESIDENT community
The process as imagined at the end of Intensive 1.4
community . brief. site
budget
DESIGN
PLANNING
LOCAL RESIDENT
CLIENT
DESIGN
DESIGN
end user
end user . brief . designer
budget . site
budget . brief . site
NEW RESIDENT
NEW RESIDENT
builder
The process as imagined at the end of Intensive 2.4
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4 | HOW WE WORK 4.3 | THE STAKEHOLDERS
As part of this project I have explored how the existing residents of a community, the new intended residents of a housing development, the designer and the constructor can all come together in one process to develop a sustainable housing methodology. This looked at: 1.
Creating a line of communication with the new resident This looks into the model by which housing developers and providers sell the units and whether this is a process that can done prior to design starting. This becomes easier process to do when developing council houses, as there is a housing register with people awaiting homes. Through an initial study the size and location of new homes can be determined and people selected accordingly from the register. This would be under the client’s control.
2.
Improving communication with the existing residents Current consultation methods, especially for housing
NEW RESIDENTS Looking for a new affordable home to live in.
leave a lot to be desired and appear to be more of a presentation exercise than a conversation exercise. Opening up these lines and opportunity for trust is not just beneficial to the designer and client but also to the new residents, as the existing communities are likely to be far more welcoming if the project provides them
+
SKILLED DESIGNERS Liaising between the new and existing residents and the funding partner
SURVEYORS Provides better understanding of cost, carbon & risk.
RESEARCHERS Pushing a degrowth agenda within the work place
with what they need. 3.
Improving construction methods Looking at opportunities to fabricate off-site to improve quality, reduce costs, and create a lower footprint for the process. This involves integrating the manufacturer into the design process as soon as possible to begin to
+
SKILLED CONSTRUCTORS Working with the designers and engineers to create a sustainable development.
understand the timeline and what can and cannot be done, in order to reduce any abortive work. 4.
How this ties into and changes current processes Understanding how the responsibilities of the client and designer change as a result of these developments and what impact that has on the proposal.
I began to think about this as a designing of a process rather than a single design piece. This meant I worried less about the proposal I was creating but more about how it was created and the benefits and deficits of such a program as compared to the current RIBA Plan of Work.
EXISTING RESIDENTS Looking to improve their community and the facilities available to them.
COMMUNITY LIAISON OFFICERS Liaising between the new and existing residents and the designer
SUSTAINABILITY ENGINEERS Developing sustainable design methods from early design stages
PROGRAMMERS Establishing a relationship between data and design allowing effective post and pre occupancy evaluations
O l i v e r B a l d o c k | A rc h i t e c t u re A p p re nt i c e s h i p Lev e l 7
4 | HOW WE WORK 4.4 | USER ENGAGEMENT
PRE-STAGE 0
STAGE 0
STAGE 1 - 2
DATA INPUTS
DATA SOURCES
DETAILED DESIGN
SITE CAPACITY
GEOMETRY
OTHER UNITS
BUILDING CONDITION
LAND REGISTRY
COMMUNITY CONSULTATION
EXISTING SITE OWNERSHIP HOUSING DEMAND
COUNCIL HOUSING DATABASE
HOUSING SUPPLY ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
LONDON DATA STORE
TRANSPORT GROWTH
TRANSPORT FOR LONDON
PROJECTED DENSITY
ACOUSTICS
COMMUNITY CONSULTATION
MAXIMISE LIFECYCLE ANALYSIS
LIGHT
MATERIALITY DATA OUTPUTS
[] 39 178
EMBODIED
COST
OPERATING
CARBON FOOTPRINT
ITERATION SCORE
STRUCTURE SITE CHOICE ANALYSIS
ACCESS
CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS
USER PRIORITIES
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
PRIVACY
DESIGN PROPOSAL
The report on human factors (author, 2019) was a chance to look at methods of how we present our proposals to clients and the wider public. It looks at both graphics and technology as a means of communication,
NEW LONDON PLAN
with methodologies that are more interactive being more successful.
THERMAL
At the early stages of a project, the conversations need to be far less specific, and talk more about how users spend their time, what hobbies
SPACE
ET AL MACHINE LEARNING MODEL
they have, do they participate in community events, what kinds of
GRASSHOPPER & OPTIMISATION
USER CONSULTATION
spaces do they best enjoy, are they an early bird or a night owl. These
DESIGNER
conversations are better for a designer than asking whether they want a bigger work space as compared to a bedroom. This is because designers still have regulations to abide by and more importantly, what people want changes, but their habits and daily routines are far less likely to.
CLIENT SIDE WORKING WITH CAMDEN COUNCIL TO FIND SUITABLE DEVELOPMENT LOCATIONS
DESIGNER ENGAGEMENT SITE ANALYSIS PASSED ON TO INFORM DESIGN WORK BRIEF DEFINED BY ANALYSIS
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT SPECIFIC SITE ANALYSIS BASED ON REQUIREMENTS FOR INDIVIDUAL HOMES
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New Ideas for Housing London /// Community Led Intensification
4 | HOW WE WORK 4.5 | PRECEDENTS
Small scale, community led development could deliver homes for London while strengthening communities and creating a positive impact on the area. Our proposal is to enlist everyone to identify development opportunities in London via an app and website. The proposed sites would then be evaluated against data such as crime, housing need, density allowing ‘microdevelopment zones’ to be established. Led by the community the micro-development zones would have special planning policies and support of architects and other professionals to bring forward homes. Community led development could then be delivered by individuals, building cooperatives, or housing associations to ultimately deliver high, quality homes for London.
In the initial ideas phase of this process I was struggling to understand the implications of a community led design proposal and how that works as a design process. Designed by committee always seems to have negative connotations, but there are examples where with the close involvement of the designer, these schemes can work well. They have been proven to have a number of benefits.
More adapted for the user This results in, and this is fundamental to this research, happier users. It also means that users are likely to stay in the property longer, which aids the building of community ties, and strengthens the area as a whole.
Nabil Handi & Nicholas Wilkinson, Camden
PSSHAK
This in itself comes with a whole set of additional
Primary Support Structures and Housing Assembly Kits aims to provide
benefits.
maximum flexibility for both the client, in this case Camden Housing Authority & the occupant. A support structure, a concrete frame is built into which
2.
Lower maintenance costs to the clients It has been shown that in areas where council tenants
See Tak an op ea pho portun to ity
STEP 01 PREFACE:
1.
6 Step to Enable Community Led Intensification
Catalyst Housing, Haringey
London is low density compared to other major cities. We could bulldoze and start again, at the expense of existing communities… Or we could look to improve the frayed edges by redeveloping underutilised space and expanding existing housing stock. No space should be underutilised. If you take this as your starting point and ask everyone to identify underutilised space, development opportunities will emerge. Straight forward opportunities for small developments in London are harder to come by these days. Large scale housing developers are seen as the only way to deliver housing, but we believe community led development can also deliver homes by intensify and enhancing existing communities.
Removing hurdles Would be micro-developers are put off by the challenges that face developing small sites. Approaching a land owner, getting planning permission and sorting legal agreements is complicated, expensive and could potentially lead to disappointment. Plus if you get past those hurdles, you then have the challenge of building something of quality that hopefully is affordable. Our idea is to create a more direct route for small scale development by providing a support network and supply chain for services. By identify underutilised space, recognising opportunities for intensification and creating efficient mechanisms for delivery, we can encourage change from the bottom up.
Small sites, grand designs. Small infill developments have the potential to be crafted and loved by the community that delivers them. Working together with talented architects and other professionals micro-developments StART is an organisation of local people working to make sure the St.Ann's can raise the quality of an area while providing the maximum new housing development provides genuinely affordable homes for the local number of homes.
StART
community. The Mayor of London has selected Catalyst as the dveelopment
complete units can be slotted. The occupant has a choice over how the unit
New Ideas for Housing /// Community Led Intensification /// FCBsite, Studios all of which are to be some form of partner for theLondon 934 homes on the
is laid out as well as limited control over the exterior design.
affordable housing due, in large part to StART's work.
are able to take more control over their spaces, they
Identify potential sites The first step is to publicise the initiative and set up an app / website where individuals can propose sites – such as:
Council Estates
Roof tops
An alternative to radical regeneration - which often displaces existing communities - or doing nothing - which that leaves residents with poor quality housing.
Great views and prime locations will make this a desirable development site. Ideal roof top developments could be craned on top of buildings with the possibility of being moved at a later date, if necessary.
Garages and gardens
Inactive landowners
An alternative to your kids living at home or taking your retirement fund, would be to create a separate home in the back garden. This would be an ideal intensification opportunity for homes in outer London and the Home Counties.
By flagging up sites, the local community can add pressure to sites that have lain dormant for years.
Existing building Leaseholders are in difficult position to extend to their flat. By outlining a process and setting a precedent, extending a leasehold property might be possible.
White Architecture, Leeds
Feilden Clegg Bradley Studios STEP 02
COMMUNITY-LED INTENSIFICATION
Identify areas ready for interventions Once the sites have been identified, the information could be overlaid onto other data to see if there are any correlations between negative activities, such as transport, crime, fly tipping, land values. By overlaying information, we can identify optimum ‘micro-regeneration zones.’
LILAC Low Impact Living Affordable Community was able to prioritise pedestrian and child-friendly spaces in lieu of private gardens and car parking. They
Focusing more on the framework rather than a design proposal. This document
are built with low carbon materials to a high specification of high fabric
looks encouraging role ofStudios communities in the design proposal. This New Ideas at for Housing London /// Community Ledthe Intensification /// FCB
efficiency, significantly reducing operating costs. The project began with
looks at everything from initial site investigation to how to hire and work with
five local residents who set up a registered Co-operative Society in 2009. In
designers and deliver a community beneficial project.
2012 they had raised the development capital and procured a builder and architect.
take better care of the properties as a whole, this dramatically reduces maintenance costs for clients, in this case Camden council. I would ideally like to find more examples, both in housing and other sectors to understand what can be learnt and gained from them. There is also the need to understand the client breakdown of the costs of such proposal. Potentially within council owned properties less money is spent on public relations as there already exists a list of tenants. But how does bringing them on board earlier affect the length of the design process. This is explored within this document. There is a lot to be learned from existing models, both those which follow this same client user relationship and other cohousing options, which are typically more common.
Architype, Gloucestershire
Ecoarc, Lancaster
BARarchitekten, Berlin
Vandkunsten, Denmark
SPRINGHILL COHOUSING
FORGEBANK
COOP HOUSING
JYSTRUP SAWMILL
Springhill Co-housing is the first new build co-housing scheme in the UK. Plots
A community of 65 adults and 15 children. Meals are shared and decisions
A mix of conventional units with additional 'cluster' apartments that provide
The coop housing development feels like one big house with 21 private
were 30% pre-sold (to members) before we completed on the land purchase
are made by consensus. All the homes meet Passivhaus and CSH Level 6. The
a communal living structure for groups of 4 to 21 people. Built to Passivhaus
residential units, a ‘single organism’ with 40% communal space, where
in April 2001. The site received detailed planning permission for 35 houses/
community strives for a lower impact lifestyle.
standards, the cost savings from renewables are shared among residents.
private and communal areas can shrink and grow as needed. A big glass roof
Across the scheme a range of private, communal and public spaces are
covers an interior street that makes up a large part of the communal space,
provided.
with trees and flower beds and room for communal meals and play.
flats on 12th June 2001. Building work started on August 5th 2002.
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4 | HOW WE WORK 4.5 | OVERLAPPING WORKSTREAMS
WORK PROCESS GC6
GC7
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
MARKET RESEARCH
STRATEGIC DEFINITION
PREPARATION & BRIEF
CONCEPT DESIGN
SPATIAL COORDINATION
TECHNICAL DESIGN
CONSTRUCTION
HANDOVER
USE
GC8
HOUSING DESIGN full architectural service SITE FINDING
evaluation of development potential for appropriate sites
USER CONSULTATION
engagement of users into the design process
evaluation of technical design against users needs
POE on social performance
RESEARCH
can be procured seperately but processes develop a feedback loop
site analysis & project background
tendering process
camden council
The Critical Thinking Model, and the overall business model for this project is fundamental in the thinking behind how this project would evolve. Please refer to this (Appendix A) for a greater understanding of how the risks and benefits of these ideas have been managed
architects
events conferences previous work
PPA signed large major development required
research topics and tasks occuring in the background which enable design works (i.e. cost comparisons of alternative materials) SECOND STAGE FIRST STAGE TENDER PLANNING ACHIEVED NEGOTATION P-DfMA chosen as design route
design for manufacturing is undertaken
POE on technical performance
offsite manufacturing begins
onsite assembly begins
design & location of flying factory
construction and use of flying factory
contractor fabric and sustainability targets chosen
engineer
pre-application engagement
section 106 agreement established
manufacturer landscape architect
novel methods of identifying partners who share similar values
consultation to understand what community services require improvements
workstream dependent on client uptake and number of projects to be delivered within similar timespan
deconstruction of flying factory
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05
SECTION SITE CONTEXT
[] 43 178
5 | SITE CONTEXT 5.1 | THE MASTERPLAN This is what instigated the idea that this development was an island, with a hard boundary surrounding it. This was confirmed through the images shown, with the only welcoming pedestrian entrance coming in from the south past King’s Cross Station. Every other entrance is predominantly vehicular, whence you suddenly end up in the middle of the masterplan. A tutor of mine, Wendy Pullan, always referred to soft and hard boundaries. Soft boundaries are thick and accessible, they provided spaces for activity to happen and for the two sides to mingle. Hard boundaries are thin and inaccessible,
THIN BORDER PERIMETER
these are walls which obstruct and break communities. These terms are usually used when describing urban conflicts, but this is more like urban isolation. 01 02
A greater understanding of this would come through a
03
more detailed analysis of each boundary condition, what
04
happens on either side and whether it creates points of
06
05
communication or severs them. 07
Again, this would need further research, but it would be
09
10
useful to understand how the plots were divided and were those on the edge were mandated to create a certain condition that benefited the masterplan as a whole. This
08
11 12 13
ISLAND NATIONS
14 19
goes back to the understanding and appreciation of the
16 20
masterplan and context surrounding a proposal and the difficulty doing that when nothing is built or even submitted
THE MASTERPLAN
15
21
23
17 18
22
24
to planning. Another point of further research needed to
25
gain a full understanding is into the phasing of the project,
26
and whether elements were staggered through design and planning. This would define certain areas as the key 27
proposals, to which other designs would then begin to respond to, almost a ‘jewel’ at the centre of the masterplan.
ADDITIONAL MASTERPLAN ITEMS
28 29 30 31
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35.
URBANEST, STUDENT HOUSING AKDN, STUDENT HOUSING SAXON COURT, RESIDENTIAL ROSEBERRY MANSIONS, RESIDENTIAL RUBICON COURT, RESIDENTIAL R6, RESIDENTIAL S2, OFFICES (GOOGLE) R7, OFFICES, RETAIL AND CINEMA AKDN, EDUCATION TAPESTRY, RESIDENTIAL, ENERGY CENTRE, PLIMSOLL BUILDING, RESIDENTIAL AKDN, CULTURE, EDUCATION AND HOTEL GASHOLDER PARK, URBAN PARK GASHOLDERS LONDON, RESIDENTIAL THE GRANARY COMPLEX, EDUCATION MIDLAND GOODS SHED, RETAIL, COOKERY SCHOOL HANDYSIDE GARDENS ARTHOUSE, RESIDENTIAL, RETAIL, WESTERN TRANSIT SHED, RESIDENTIAL MARKETING SUITE THE GRANARY, EDUCATION (UNIVERSITY OF THE ARTS LONDON) TWO GRANARY SQUARE, CULTURE AND OFFICE ( COAL DROPS YARD, RETAIL GRANARY SQUARE PAVILION RESTAURANT AND BAR (THE LIGHTERMAN) FISH & COAL, OFFICE AND RESTAURANT (JAMIE OLIVER GROUP) THREE PANCRAS SQUARE, OFFICES (HAVAS) AND RETAIL FOUR PANCRAS SQUARE, RETAIL AND OFFICES (UNIVERSAL MUSIC) FIVE PANCRAS SQUARE, OFFICE AND LEISURE KING’S BOULEVARD, OFFICES (GOOGLE) TWO PANCRAS SQUARE, OFFICES SIX PANCRAS SQUARE, OFFICES (GOOGLE) AND RETAIL ONE PANCRAS SQUARE, OFFICES SEVEN PANCRAS SQUARE, OFFICE GERMAN GYMNASIUM, RESTAURANT GREAT NORTHERN HOTEL
32 33
34 35
36
SEE MASTERPLAN DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS (AUTHOR, 2019)
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61
64
60
5 | SITE CONTEXT 58 5.2 | CAMDEN COUNCIL ESTATES
62
54
55
63
59
56 53
57 48 49
47
50
52
51
THIN BORDER PERIMETER
46 45
43
44
42
THE MASTERPLAN
ISLAND NATIONS
41 40 39
38 37
ISLINGTON BOROUGH
36
30
35
34 32
31
33
ADDITIONAL MASTERPLAN ITEMS
29
28
27 25
26 24
23 22
21
20 18
19
14
16
17
7
13
CAMDEN BOROUGH
1
6
8
12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64
DERBY LODGE ESTATE ESTATE 1-43 SAGE WAY SIDMOUTH STREET ESTATE REGENT SQUARE ESTATE CROMER STREET ESTATE 1 CROMER STREET ESTATE 2 BIRKENHEAD STREET ESTATE ESTATE 1-53 HASTINGS HOUSE HERBRAND STREET ESTATE ESTATE 1-84 FLAXMAN COURT ESTATE 1-30 WINSTON CHURCHWAY ESTATE ESTATE 1-30 WINSHAM HOUSE OSSULSTON ESTATE 2 REGENTS PARK ESTATE 1 REGENTS PARK ESTATE 6 REGENTS PARK ESTATE 8 REGENTS PARK ESTATE 5 REGENTS PARK ESTATE 4 OAKSHOTT COURT ESTATE 1-35 CHALTON HOUSE OSSULTON ESTATE 1 MONICA SHAW COURT ESTATE 1-39 PHOENIX COURT SOMERS TOWN ESTATE ESTATE 1-39 PHOENIX COURT BRIDGEWAY STREET ESTATE COOPERS LANE ESTATE SOMERS CLOSE ESTATE ESTATE 1-20 HURDWICK HOUSE MAYFORD PENRYN STREET ESTATE 2 PENRYN STREET ESTATE 1 GOLDINGTON STREET ESTATE 1 GOLDINGTON STREET ESTATE 2 GODWIN & CROWNDALE ESTATE ESTATE 30-53 MORNIGTON STREET CAMDEN HIGH STREET ESTATE BAYHAM PLACE ESTATE COLLEGE PLACE ESTATE 1 COLLEGE PLACE ESTATE 2 CURNOCK STREET ESTATE COLLEGE PLACE ESTATE 2 DARWIN COURT ESTATE 1-22 BARNES HOUSE GEORGIANA STREET ESTATE 1-25 LEYBOURNE STREET CLARENCE WAY ESTATE BERNARD SHAW/FOSTER COURT ESTATE AGAR GROVE ESTATE MAIDEN LANE ESTATE 1 MAIDEN LANE ESTATE 2 ESTATE 1-84 DURDANS HOUSE CASTLE ROAD ESTATE 3 CASTLE ROAD ESTATE 2 ROYAL COLLEGE STREET ESTATE ST PAULS CRESCENT / AGAR GROVE FERDINAND ESTATE 2 ESTATE 17-22 ROCHESTER ROAD NEW HARMWOOD ESTATE 1 ESTATE 1-64 UNA HOUSE ESTATE 17-22 ROCHESTER ROAD ARBINGDON CLOSE ESTATE ESTATE 1 -95 CAMELOT HOUSE
5
WESTMINSTER BOROUGH
4
10
15
3
2
11
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5 | SITE CONTEXT 5.3 | SITE IDENTIFICATION
CAMDEN HOUSING DATABASE
IF VALUE IS POSITIVE CHECK THE SHIFT IN ETHNICITY. IS THIS A RESULT OF GENTRIFICATION
CAMDEN WARD
POPULATION CHANGE
POLYGON CAPTURE
WEIGHTING = 0.9
POSTCODE SECTOR
SOCIAL HOUSING VALUE
POLYGON CAPTURE
WEIGHTING = 1.5
The model focuses on large data sets. These are openly accessible through Camden's data portal and therefore a valuable resource which should be used whenever relevant. Traditional awareness of the site is not needed at this stage. The site analysis that typically comes with a new architecture project is not seen until after this stage, when the data has allowed us to pick 2 or 3 sites out of a list of 500+
JOB SEEKER ALLOWANCE WEIGHTING = 1.5
CAMDEN OWNED HOUSING ESTATE
LOWER SUPER OUTPUT AREA (LSOA) POLYGON CAPTURE
DEPRIVATION WEIGHTING = 1.5
MACHINE LEARNING MODEL
DENSITY
WEIGHTING = 1.2
TRANSPORT FOR LONDON ASSESSMENT LOCATION POINT CAPTURE
PUBLIC TRANSPORT ACCESS LEVEL (PTAL)
The key to this model is how the data is manipulated, and that is the subjective part, the art to how this is progressed. By shifting around the weightings of these sets it is easy to create a completely new set of scores, thus determining different priorities and ultimately affecting different people's lives. In reality this would require hundreds of hours more of testing, but the notion and the ideas are promising. These data pools can be of significant value to design teams and clients.
MAPPED DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES
SITE ANALYSIS FOR CHOSEN SITE
TRAINING DATA
[] 45 178
WEIGHTING = 0.9
SITE AREA
PTAL RATING
DENSITY RATING
SITE AREA
DEPRIVATION
POPULATION CHANGE
HOUSING VALUE
JOB SEEKER ALLOWANCE
ROOF TYPE
DEVELOPMENT POSSIBILITIES
HIGH
HIGH
SMALL
HIGH
LOW
LOW
LOW
FLAT
HIGH
MEDIUM
MEDIUM
MEDIUM
MEDIUM
MEDIUM
MEDIUM
MEDIUM
GABLE
MEDIUM
LOW
LOW
LARGE
LOW
HIGH
HIGH
HIGH
MANSARD
LOW
ETC
ETC
ETC
ETC
ETC
ETC
ETC
ETC
ETC
WEIGHTING = 0.75
BUILDINGS ON SITE 3D VOLUME
CHECK EXISTING HEIGHT. BELOW 18M ALLOWS THE POSSIBILITY FOR TIMBER EXTENSION
ROOF TYPE WEIGHTING = 1
BUILDING AREA WEIGHTING = 1
O l i v e |r Architecture B a l d o c k | A r c h Apprenticeship i t e c t u r e A p p r e n t i cLevel e s h i p LSeven evel 7 Oliver Baldock | Feilden Clegg Bradley Studios
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5 | SITE CONTEXT 5.4 | DATA SOURCES
ROOF TYPE
ROOF TYPE
ESTATE AREA
CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY ACROSS CAMDEN’S COUNCIL HOUSING STOCK
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTIC
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTIC
GABLE & SALTBOX 62,825m2
SKILLION not measured
FLAT 142,125m2
The roof construction of the sites analysed is key to understanding how feasible upwards development will be of the existing buildings.
aerial photography. As such there is an element of human e r ro r w i t h i n t h e d a t a a s compared to the other data sets acquired.
A few assumptions are made within this research. The first is that flat roofs will be the easiest to extend. Although this is not always the case, and often additional bracing of the existing structure may be required to reinforce the building, it is a good position to start from as there is little need for demolition prior to work beginning.
Furthermore this data does not take into account current occupation of the roofspaces, such as lofts and loft conversions.
DORMER 9,300m2
HIP & VALLEY 4,160m2
GAMBREL 435m2
SOCIAL HOUSING VALUE FINANCIAL CHARACTERISTIC
HIP 52,800m2
BUTTERFLY 26,610m2
LEAN TO not measured
MANSARD 9,925m2
This looks at the overal values of the social housing on the site, which includes initial build costs as well as work spent renovating and improving the site. This data is then compared to the the number of homes at each site to calculate what has already been spent at each site compared to the other locations.
DUTCH GABLE not measured
BOX GABLE not measured
CLERESTORY not measured
BARREL not measured
This dataset is limited to what is publically accessible and appears to miss work currently underway which is not yet accounted for. The sites are then ranked in comparison with each other.
Moreover, by solely looking at the area of the buildings and c o m p a r i n g i t t o t h e ro o f construction we can score development potential based on the feasibility and ease of A higher building area to site construction. area ratio suggests a denser site (without knowing the heights of Of course, these assumptions are t h e b u i l d i n g s t h a t w e re oversimplifications of the issues measured. This suggests less discussed and each require opportunity to develop more further investigation if the site is accomodation on that site. shortlisted. However, a greater density suggests that interventions which create social benefits would have greater impact than than if in a lower density estate.
This research was undertaken through extensive surveys of
M - SHAPED 8,412.5m2
By measuring the area of the buildings within the council estate and the overall site area, a few assumptions were made as to the development possibilities.
Those with a higher capital cost per home are scored lower under the assumption that residences that have cost less over their lifetime require some form of investment sooner than their counterparts. This dataset should also take into account the age of the property to fully understand the lifetime costs associated with it.
The assumption made for this iteration of the algorithm is that both a greater building area and a lower building to site area ratio create more opportunity for development.
POPULATION CHANGE SOCIAL CHARACTERISTIC
This dataset is particularly for beginning to assess the strength and resilience of local communities. The assumption is that areas with a lower year on year change in population, sees less people moving in and out of the borough. This in turn means that the residential communities are likely to be stronger and active. This improves the opportunity for positive collaborations between existing residents and the design team, which results in a design outcome better suited for local needs. However, although this is an
important factor in the success of t h e d e s i g n p ro c e s s , i t i s recognised that a number of assumptions have been made in linking the data to the conclusions and as such the weighting for this data set has been reduced.
PUBLIC TRANSPORT ACCESSIBILITY LEVEL
CHANGE IN JOB SEEKERS ALLOWANCE
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTIC
SOCIAL CHARACTERISTIC
P TA L d a ta i n d i c a te s t h e proximity of a location to public transport facility. Typically the majority of Camden is well connected with access to both King’s Cross and St Pancras as well as the tube lines across Lo n d o n . T h e re i s a l s o a n extensive network of TFL buses operating across the borough.
space required for disabled occupants. The assumption made here is that a higher PTAL rating, meaning that the site is better c o n n e c te d , has g re a te r development potential.
This dataset looks at the yearly change in number of residents within a Lower Super Output Area claiming job seekers allowance to understand whether there are any particular trends across the borough.
over a longer period (10 years). However, this then means that this data set is far less receptive to change than the other social characteristics described here. For the algorithm, a sustained increase in the number of residents receiving job seekers allowance is seen as a call for greater investment within that area so therefore improves the development score for that location.
However, it could be argued that sites with a lower rating require This ranking b e c o m e s more investment and therefore particularly important when should have increased weighting. considering the need for parking amenity on the site. Sites are scored between 1 (well connected) and 6 (poorly connected) where a score of 1 is often adequate justification for limiting parking numbers to the
There are two observations to make here. The first is that for the most part the year on year numbers appear quite fickle. For exa m p l e , 2 0 1 1 d a t a fo r a particular LSOA saw a 10% drop in residents claiming the allowance over 2010 data, yet the However, due to the uncertainty 2012 data shows a 12% rise. and fluctuations within this data it’s weighting has been reduced. Therefore the data used for this algorithm considered the change
DEPRIVATION
DENSITY
SOCIAL CHARACTERISTIC
SOCIAL CHARACTERISTIC
Camden provides extensive data sets on the deprivation of the LSOAs within its borough. 7 of the 133 LSOA’s within Camden fall within the 10% most deprive LSOAs in England (compared to 3 in 2010). The indices of multiple deprivation as discussed above, consider Income, Employment, Education, Health, Crime, Living Environment and Barriers to Housing & Services. The current iteration of the algorithm only considers the overall IMD score for the LSOA, with the view that a higher IMD score means greater deprivation
within that area and therefore greater investment in that area would see greater positive social impact. However, it is noted that by recognising the nuances of what the IMD score consists of, within the algorithm, could begin to help direct both the type of housing and the type of additional facilities provided. For instance, a particularly high score for education and training would indicate that an education-based facility may be beneficial for local residents.
This dataset is used in conjuction communal spaces which can be with the Site Area to understand utilised by local schools. the number of residents already living at a certain location. Although this project and research aims to provide new This value is then considered homes it understands that other against the optimum density for facilities are as important, and that site considering the size and intends to persuade the local urban form present on the site. It council as such. is also useful to compare the d e n s i t y of t h e s i te to t h e For the algorithm lower density presence of other facilities (such sites receive a higher score as as community hubs & education) their is greater opportunity to to inform what other style of provide more homes within an developments may be beneficial. existing community. For example, a dense neighbourhood may benefit from a small number of additional homes but a greater provision of
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[]
FIGURE 04 - Chapmanbdsp, Central Building facade design workflow
47 178
5 | SITE CONTEXT 5.5 | ALGORITHM DEVELOPMENT This is a useful tool. It has been successfully used in identifying my three case study sites which are listed shortly. This could be developed to use further qualitative data sources, and extend beyond the borough's boundary. It is a versatile piece of coding which allowed me to assess a variety of data to score and understand where the greatest opportunities lie for producing the greatest social benefit. There are a number of assumptions and leaps in logic that have been made within the development of this machine learning model. These decisions were experienced by my own experiences and therefore my own bias. Any further FIGURE development need to review 05 -would Challiou’s model this.
PTAL MAP
DENSITY MAP
PTAL RATING
URBAN GEOMETRY
SINGLE BUILDING
DENSITY RATING
NAIVE BAYES MACHINE LEARNING MODEL
POSTCODE SECTORS
MAPPED DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES SITE ANALYSIS FOR CHOSEN SITE
SITE AREA
JOB SEEKERS ALLOWANCE
CAMDEN WARD BOUNDARIES
SOCIAL HOUSING VALUE
TRAINING DATA
progression
PTAL RATING
DENSITY RATING
SITE AREA
DEVELOPMENT POSSIBILITIES
HIGH
HIGH
SMALL
HIGH
MEDIUM
MEDIUM
MEDIUM
MEDIUM
LOW
LOW
LARGE
LOW
ETC
ETC
ETC
ETC
PTAL MAP
POPULATION CHANGE
LOWER SUPER OUTPUT AREAS
DEPRIVATION
FIRST ITERATION INTENSIVE 2.2
PTAL RATING INPUTS Other Units
Acous�cs
OUTPUTS LIFECYCLE ANALYSIS
Light
Materiality
EMBODIED
COST
OPERATING
CARBON FOOTPRINT
URBAN GEOMETRY
OPTIMISE
SINGLE BUILDING
DENSITY RATING
NAIVE BAYES MACHINE LEARNING MODEL
SITE ANALYSIS FOR CHOSEN SITE
SITE AREA
ITERATION SCORE
MAPPED DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES
Structure
Access
CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS
USER PRIORITIES
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
DESIGN PROPOSAL
ROOF TYPE
Privacy / Views
TRAINING DATA
Thermal Spacial Requirements Grasshopper
THE INTENTION FIGURE INTENSIVE 2.2
User Consulta�on
Designer
06 - Proposed data source workflow
Galapagos
PTAL RATING
DENSITY RATING
SITE AREA
DEPRIVATION
POPULATION CHANGE
SOCIAL HOUSING VALUE
JOB SEEKER ALLOWANCE
ROOF TYPE
DEVELOPMENT POSSIBILITIES
HIGH
HIGH
SMALL
HIGH
LOW
LOW
LOW
FLAT
HIGH
MEDIUM
MEDIUM
MEDIUM
MEDIUM
MEDIUM
MEDIUM
MEDIUM
GABLE
MEDIUM
LOW
LOW
LARGE
LOW
HIGH
HIGH
HIGH
MANSARD
LOW
ETC
ETC
ETC
ETC
ETC
ETC
ETC
ETC
ETC
SECOND ITERATION BETWEEN INTENSIVE 2.2 & 2.3
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5 | SITE CONTEXT 5.6 | ALGORITHM OUTPUT
Camden has over 17,000 properties dedicated to providing social housing. For this experiment and iteration of the machine learning model, only a small portion of that total was tested. And whilst these sites were from across the borough, the only sites illustrated on the map on the following page are those around King's Cross Central. Each of these sites were scored on each of the parameters discussed above, and then given an overall score from 1 - 10 based on the perceived social value gained from their development, and their developability. Although in hindsight these should be represented with two separate scores. Since the data we had access to was for individual buildings rather than estates, an estate may have buildings with different scores. On the following map, these estates are represented with the average of their buildings scores.
#
ESTATE
SCORE
1
highgate road estate
7
2
estate 1-73 henderson court
69
charlton court estate
7
139
70 71
8
estate 1-24 grangefield
5
209
estate 1-39 phoenix court
9
279
kilburn vale estate 1
9
broadfield estate 2
8
140
westcroft estate 1
6
210
regents park estate 6
8
280
141
castle road estate 3
6
211
regents park estate 6
7
281
72
broadfield estate 2
7
142
estate 12-62 alexandra place
6
212
harben road estate 1
7
282
estate 1-20 ashington /1-20 beckin
8
349
somers close estate
5
419
estate 45 new compton st flats 1-25 con
8
489
penryn street estate 2
7
christchurch hill estate
9
350
somers close estate
9
420
estate 1-18 white heather house
6
490
oakshott court
6
estate 1-84 durdans house
8
351
barnfield/woodfield estate
8
421
estate 1-18 white heather house
7
491
oakshott court
8
estate 1-84 durdans house
8
352
estate 40-45 burton street
7
422
estate 1-35 hunter house
9
492
estate 1-26 mornington court
8
353
estate 40-45 burton street
5
423
sidmouth street estate
8
493
cromer street estate 2
8
-
6
3
charlton court estate
9
73
wendling estate
10
143
estate 12-62 alexandra place
7
213
estate 1-70 seymour house wc1
6
283
fitzjohn/ daleham estate
9
4
estate 1-95 camelot house
9
74
-
6
144
estate 12-62 alexandra place
9
214
regents park estate 8
6
284
kilburn vale estate 2
9
354
estate 1-26 ascot lodge
6
424
estate 1-84 flaxman court
6
494
5
estate 1-24 lauriston lodge
8
75
-
6
145
penryn street estate 1
8
215
ampthill square estate
6
285
kilburn vale estate 2
8
355
estate 1-26 ascot lodge
8
425
estate 3-18 tavistock chambers
8
495
estate 1-39 phoenix court
9
6
torriano estate
7
76
estate fitzjohns mansions flats 1-19 c
8
146
penryn street estate 1
6
216
estate 1-55 cranleigh house
5
286
arkwright mansions estate
7
356
ossulston estate 1
8
426
estate 30/40 grafton way
8
496
regents park estate 6
8
7
torriano estate
6
77
broadfield estate 1
10
147
birkenhead street estate
8
217
estate 1-55 cranleigh house
8
287
peckwater estate
6
357
estate 1-62 kennistoun house
8
427
estate 30/40 grafton way
6
497
regents park estate 6
7
8
torriano estate
8
78
broadfield estate 1
8
148
birkenhead street estate
6
218
chevington estate
5
288
weedington road estate 1
6
358
hilgrove estate 1
6
428
estate 1-23 trentishoe mansions
7
498
harben road estate 1
7
9
estate 1-64 una house
5
79
broadfield estate 1
8
149
somers town estate
6
219
estate 1-25 leybourne street
8
289
estate 1-207 webheath
9
359
estate 1-32 ellerton
7
429
estate 1-23 trentishoe mansions
10
499
estate 1-70 seymour house wc1
6
10
broadfield estate 1
6
80
broadfield estate 1
6
150
estate 1-35 chalton house
8
220
-
8
290
estate 1-207 webheath
9
360
new calthorpe estate
8
430
cromer street estate 1
6
500
regents park estate 8
6
11
hilgrove estate 1
8
81
waxham/ludham estate
8
151
westcroft close estate
8
221
drummond/cobourg estate
6
291
estate 1-207 webheath
6
361
new calthorpe estate
8
431
estate 11-84 medway court
8
501
ampthill square estate
6
12
estate rondu house
6
82
estate 17-22 rochester road
8
152
westcroft close estate
7
222
drummond/cobourg estate
9
292
estate 1-207 webheath
8
362
hartland/ hawley estate
8
432
estate 1-93 dudley court
6
502
estate 1-55 cranleigh house
5
363
hartland/ hawley estate
7
433
estate 1-93 dudley court
8
503
estate 1-55 cranleigh house
8
chevington estate
5
estate 1-25 leybourne street
8
13
estate 1-64 hardington
8
83
maitland park estate 4
9
153
westcroft close estate
6
223
estate 1-63 table house
7
293
estate 1-44 denyer house
8
14
estate 1-64 hardington
5
84
bacton estate
9
154
westcroft close estate
9
224
estate 1-63 table house
6
294
estate 24-58 lupton street
8
364
hartland/ hawley estate
10
434
estate 1-107 woodhall
8
504
15
burghley road estate
9
85
bacton estate
9
155
kiln place estate
7
225
brunswick centre estate
6
295
estate 24-58 lupton street
8
365
cressfield & woodyard estate
8
435
estate 1-62 winter garden house
6
505
16
burghley road estate
8
86
bacton estate
7
156
estate 1-161 burnham
8
226
herbrand street estate
8
296
estate 1-161 taplow
6
366
weedington road estate 2
6
436
estate 1-62 winter garden house
9
506
0
8
17
burghley road estate
7
87
west end sidings estate
7
157
estate 1-161 burnham
7
227
edward bond/loxham house estate
6
297
estate 1-161 taplow
9
367
somers town estate
9
437
estate 1-23 tonbridge house
6
507
drummond/cobourg estate
6
18
whitton/ king henry’s rd estate
8
88
st albans villas estate
8
158
carrol & sanderson close estate
5
228
edward bond/loxham house estate
8
298
south end close estate
10
368
abbey estate 1
7
438
estate 1-23 tonbridge house
9
508
drummond/cobourg estate
9
19
maitland park estate 2
6
89
st albans villas estate
7
159
carrol & sanderson close estate
9
229
estate 25 gresse st
6
299
estate 1-48 rowstock
8
369
coopers lane estate
5
439
estate 1-23 tonbridge house
6
509
estate 1-63 table house
7
20
lymington road estate
8
90
st albans villas estate
8
160
somers close estate
7
230
estate 45 new compton st flats 1-25 con
7
300
estate 1-48 rowstock
7
370
monica shaw court
7
440
estate 1-53 hastings house
8
510
estate 1-63 table house
6
371
monica shaw court
6
441
estate 1-30 gooch house
6
511
brunswick centre estate
6
512
herbrand street estate
8
21
college place estate 1
7
91
estate 1-20 ashington /1-20 beckin
8
161
somers close estate
5
231
estate 45 new compton st flats 1-25 con
8
301
estate 1-16 new campden court
7
22
college place estate 1
9
92
christchurch hill estate
9
162
somers close estate
9
232
estate 1-18 white heather house
6
302
dartmouth park estate
10
372
monica shaw court
6
442
estate 1-30 gooch house
6
23
estate 1-30 silverbirch walk
7
93
estate 1-84 durdans house
8
163
barnfield/woodfield estate
8
233
estate 1-18 white heather house
7
303
carrol & sanderson close estate
6
373
bridgeway street estate
9
443
-
8
513
edward bond/loxham house estate
6
24
abingdon close estate
9
94
estate 1-84 durdans house
8
164
estate 40-45 burton street
7
234
estate 1-35 hunter house
9
304
estate 1-64 hardington
6
374
templar house estate
8
444
estate 1-42 falcon
8
514
edward bond/loxham house estate
8
25
abingdon close estate
8
95
fitzjohn/ daleham estate
9
165
estate 40-45 burton street
5
235
sidmouth street estate
8
305
brookfield estate a
8
375
estate 1-12 ruscombe
8
445
estate 1-32 somerton house
6
515
estate 25 gresse st
6
26
estate 41-43 belsize ave
8
96
kilburn vale estate 2
9
166
estate 1-26 ascot lodge
6
236
estate 1-84 flaxman court
6
306
estate 24-58 lupton street
8
376
estate 30-53 mornington street
7
446
estate 1-32 somerton house
6
516
estate 45 new compton st flats 1-25 con
7
27
estate 1-30 new priory court
7
97
kilburn vale estate 2
8
167
estate 1-26 ascot lodge
8
237
estate 3-18 tavistock chambers
8
307
estate 1-30 seymour house nw1
7
377
estate 1-28 brook house
9
447
estate 1-30 laystall court
5
517
estate 45 new compton st flats 1-25 con
8
28
estate 1-161 taplow
4
98
arkwright mansions estate
7
168
ossulston estate 1
8
238
estate 30/40 grafton way
8
308
estate 1-30 seymour house nw1
8
378
belsize avenue/belsize lane estate
7
448
brookes court estate
6
518
estate 1-18 white heather house
6
29
ingestre road estate
9
99
peckwater estate
6
169
estate 1-62 kennistoun house
8
239
estate 30/40 grafton way
6
309
estate 1-30 seymour house nw1
9
379
bourne estate
7
449
brookes court estate
8
519
estate 1-18 white heather house
7
30
abbey estate 2
7
100
weedington road estate 1
6
170
hilgrove estate 1
6
240
estate 1-23 trentishoe mansions
7
310
royal college st estate
9
380
hilgrove estate 2
8
450
regents park estate 5
8
520
estate 1-35 hunter house
9
381
estate 1-30 gordon mansions
5
451
regents park estate 5
7
521
sidmouth street estate
8
estate 1-84 flaxman court
6
31
abbey estate 2
7
101
estate 1-207 webheath
9
171
estate 1-32 ellerton
7
241
estate 1-23 trentishoe mansions
10
311
field court estate
8
32
estate 1-16 lambourn close
10
102
estate 1-207 webheath
9
172
new calthorpe estate
8
242
cromer street estate 1
6
312
estate 1-32 monro house
6
382
estate 1-60 augustus house
6
452
gamages estate
9
522
33
est lamble street estate
9
103
estate 1-207 webheath
6
173
new calthorpe estate
8
243
estate 11-84 medway court
8
313
estate 1-32 monro house
7
383
estate 1-21 devonshire court
9
453
estate 1-18 moatlands house
6
523
estate 3-18 tavistock chambers
8
34
est lamble street estate
8
104
estate 1-207 webheath
8
174
hartland/ hawley estate
8
244
estate 1-93 dudley court
6
314
west kentish town estate 1
8
384
estate 1-20 hurdwick house
9
454
st peters court estate
8
524
estate 30/40 grafton way
8
35
kiln place estate
8
105
estate 1-44 denyer house
8
175
hartland/ hawley estate
7
245
estate 1-93 dudley court
8
315
estate 1-24 falcon house
10
385
estate 1-20 hurdwick house
8
455
st peters court estate
6
525
estate 30/40 grafton way
6
386
estate 1-20 hurdwick house
9
456
st peters court estate
5
526
estate 1-23 trentishoe mansions
7
estate 1-23 trentishoe mansions
10
36
kiln place estate
9
106
estate 24-58 lupton street
8
176
hartland/ hawley estate
10
246
estate 1-107 woodhall
8
316
goldington st estate
7
37
branch hill estate
8
107
estate 24-58 lupton street
8
177
cressfield & woodyard estate
8
247
estate 1-62 winter garden house
6
317
regent square estate
7
387
estate 1-20 hurdwick house
6
457
estate 1-166 cavendish mansions
10
527
38
primrose hill court estate
8
108
estate 1-161 taplow
6
178
weedington road estate 2
6
248
estate 1-62 winter garden house
9
318
regent square estate
9
388
estate 8 newton street
7
458
estate 20-48 millman street
5
528
cromer street estate 1
6
39
primrose hill court estate
8
109
estate 1-161 taplow
9
179
somers town estate
9
249
estate 1-23 tonbridge house
6
319
regent square estate
6
389
estate 8 newton street
2
459
est boswell house/springwater/richbell
6
529
estate 11-84 medway court
8
40
primrose hill court estate
9
110
south end close estate
10
180
abbey estate 1
7
250
estate 1-23 tonbridge house
9
320
regent square estate
9
390
penryn street estate 2
8
460
estate 1-19 millman place /2-12 mi
5
530
estate 1-93 dudley court
6
391
penryn street estate 2
7
461
red lion square estate
9
531
estate 1-93 dudley court
8
estate 1-107 woodhall
8 6
41
willow hall estate
6
111
estate 1-48 rowstock
8
181
coopers lane estate
10
251
estate 1-23 tonbridge house
6
321
regent square estate
8
42
estate 1-25 troyes house
9
112
estate 1-48 rowstock
7
182
monica shaw court
7
252
estate 1-53 hastings house
8
322
kilburn gate estate
8
392
oakshott court
6
462
tybalds close estate
8
532
43
estate 1-25 troyes house
7
113
estate 1-16 new campden court
7
183
monica shaw court
6
253
estate 1-30 gooch house
6
323
estate 12-62 alexandra place
7
393
oakshott court
8
463
estate 1-12 tresham
8
533
estate 1-62 winter garden house
44
maitland park estate 1
8
114
dartmouth park estate
10
184
monica shaw court
6
254
estate 1-30 gooch house
6
324
estate 12-62 alexandra place
6
394
estate 1-26 mornington court
8
464
estate 9 chenies street flats 1-36
6
534
estate 1-62 winter garden house
9
45
maitland park estate 1
7
115
carrol & sanderson close estate
6
185
bridgeway street estate
9
255
-
8
325
estate 12-62 alexandra place
8
395
cromer street estate 2
8
465
estate 1-35 beckley
5
535
estate 1-23 tonbridge house
6
46
estate 6-60 bassett street
8
116
estate 1-64 hardington
6
186
templar house estate
8
256
estate 1-42 falcon
8
326
estate 12-62 alexandra place
7
396
-
6
466
abbey estate 1
7
536
estate 1-23 tonbridge house
9
47
estate 1-36 bridge house
10
117
brookfield estate a
8
187
estate 1-12 ruscombe
8
257
estate 1-32 somerton house
6
327
estate 1-24 grangefield
5
397
estate 1-39 phoenix court
9
467
coopers lane estate
5
537
estate 1-23 tonbridge house
6
48
estate 1-36 bridge house
6
118
estate 24-58 lupton street
8
188
estate 30-53 mornington street
7
258
estate 1-32 somerton house
6
328
westcroft estate 1
6
398
regents park estate 6
8
468
monica shaw court
7
538
estate 1-53 hastings house
8
399
regents park estate 6
7
469
monica shaw court
6
539
estate 1-30 gooch house
6
estate 1-30 gooch house
6
-
8
49
college place estate 2
8
119
estate 1-30 seymour house nw1
7
189
estate 1-28 brook house
9
259
estate 1-30 laystall court
5
329
castle road estate 3
6
50
estate 1-17 walter northcott house
8
120
estate 1-30 seymour house nw1
8
190
belsize avenue/belsize lane estate
7
260
brookes court estate
6
330
estate 12-62 alexandra place
6
400
harben road estate 1
7
470
monica shaw court
6
540
51
estate 76-78 holmes road
9
121
estate 1-30 seymour house nw1
9
191
bourne estate
7
261
brookes court estate
8
331
estate 12-62 alexandra place
7
401
estate 1-70 seymour house wc1
6
471
bridgeway street estate
9
541
402
regents park estate 8
6
472
templar house estate
8
542
estate 1-42 falcon
8
estate 1-32 somerton house
6
52
estate 76-78 holmes road
8
122
royal college st estate
9
192
hilgrove estate 2
8
262
regents park estate 5
8
332
estate 12-62 alexandra place
9
53
beaumont walk estate
9
123
field court estate
8
193
estate 1-30 gordon mansions
5
263
regents park estate 5
7
333
penryn street estate 1
8
403
ampthill square estate
6
473
estate 1-12 ruscombe
8
543
54
estate 61 kingsgate road flats 1-28 con
8
124
estate 1-32 monro house
6
194
estate 1-60 augustus house
6
264
gamages estate
9
334
penryn street estate 1
6
404
estate 1-55 cranleigh house
5
474
estate 30-53 mornington street
7
544
estate 1-32 somerton house
6
55
fleet road estate 1
9
125
estate 1-32 monro house
7
195
estate 1-21 devonshire court
9
265
estate 1-18 moatlands house
6
335
birkenhead street estate
8
405
estate 1-55 cranleigh house
8
475
estate 1-28 brook house
9
545
estate 1-30 laystall court
5
56
fleet road estate 1
8
126
west kentish town estate 1
8
196
estate 1-20 hurdwick house
9
266
st peters court estate
8
336
birkenhead street estate
6
406
chevington estate
5
476
belsize avenue/belsize lane estate
7
546
brookes court estate
6
407
estate 1-25 leybourne street
8
477
bourne estate
7
547
brookes court estate
8
548
regents park estate 5
8
57
sidney boyd court estate
8
127
estate 1-24 falcon house
10
197
estate 1-20 hurdwick house
8
267
st peters court estate
6
337
somers town estate
6
58
sidney boyd court estate
8
128
goldington st estate
7
198
estate 1-20 hurdwick house
9
268
st peters court estate
5
338
estate 1-35 chalton house
8
408
-
8
478
hilgrove estate 2
8
409
drummond/cobourg estate
6
479
estate 1-30 gordon mansions
5
549
regents park estate 5
7
gamages estate
9
estate 1-18 moatlands house
6
59
estate 1-48 rowstock
10
129
regent square estate
7
199
estate 1-20 hurdwick house
6
269
estate 1-166 cavendish mansions
10
339
westcroft close estate
8
60
estate 1-24 garnett house
8
130
regent square estate
9
200
estate 8 newton street
7
270
estate 20-48 millman street
5
340
westcroft close estate
7
410
drummond/cobourg estate
9
480
estate 1-60 augustus house
6
550
61
estate 1-161 taplow
8
131
regent square estate
6
201
estate 8 newton street
0
271
est boswell house/springwater/richbell
6
341
westcroft close estate
6
411
estate 1-63 table house
7
481
estate 1-21 devonshire court
9
551
412
estate 1-63 table house
6
482
estate 1-20 hurdwick house
9
552
st peters court estate
8
st peters court estate
6
62
estate 217 camden road
9
132
regent square estate
9
202
penryn street estate 2
8
272
estate 1-19 millman place /2-12 mi
5
342
westcroft close estate
9
63
estate 217 camden road
8
133
regent square estate
8
203
penryn street estate 2
7
273
red lion square estate
9
343
kiln place estate
7
413
brunswick centre estate
6
483
estate 1-20 hurdwick house
8
553
64
st silas street estate 2
8
134
kilburn gate estate
8
204
oakshott court
6
274
tybalds close estate
8
344
estate 1-161 burnham
8
414
herbrand street estate
8
484
estate 1-20 hurdwick house
9
554
st peters court estate
5
65
st silas street estate 2
6
135
estate 12-62 alexandra place
7
205
oakshott court
8
275
estate 1-12 tresham
8
345
estate 1-161 burnham
7
415
edward bond/loxham house estate
6
485
estate 1-20 hurdwick house
6
555
estate 1-166 cavendish mansions
10
66
estate 1-42 ashdown crescent
8
136
estate 12-62 alexandra place
6
206
estate 1-26 mornington court
8
276
estate 9 chenies street flats 1-36
6
346
carrol & sanderson close estate
5
416
edward bond/loxham house estate
8
486
estate 8 newton street
7
67
fellows road estate
9
137
estate 12-62 alexandra place
8
207
cromer street estate 2
8
277
estate 1-35 beckley
5
347
carrol & sanderson close estate
9
417
estate 25 gresse st
6
487
estate 8 newton street
0
68
fellows road estate
10
138
estate 12-62 alexandra place
7
208
-
6
278
st albans villas estate
8
348
somers close estate
7
418
estate 45 new compton st flats 1-25 con
7
488
penryn street estate 2
8
O l i v e r B a l d o c k | A rc h i t e c t u re A p p re nt i c e s h i p Lev e l 7
5 | SITE CONTEXT 5.7 | MAPPED OPPORTUNITIES
THIN BORDER PERIMETER
ISLAND NATIONS
THE MASTERPLAN
ISLINGTON BOROUGH
ADDITIONAL MASTERPLAN ITEMS
10 9 8 7 6 CAMDEN BOROUGH
5 4 3 2
WESTMINSTER BOROUGH
1
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5 | SITE CONTEXT 5.8 | CAPACITY STUDIES
As part of this study, and based on the results from above three sites were chosen for a high level capacity study: 1 2 3
Widford Estate Eversholt Street Cooper Lane Estate
Only the last of these was developed into a more detailed design.
gea - 2236 sq.m gia - 1451 sq.m no. of homes - 26
W3
T5
W2 S5
T4
S3
T3
R5 R4
S4
S1
T2
gea - 2342 sq.m gia - 1488 sq.m no. of homes - 24
W1
T6
R3
R8
S2
Q2 R1
R7
P1
T1
Q1
P2 N2
N1 L3
L2
K
17
20
M
G
L
COOPE R
T STREET L HO
E N A
J
L1
F
H
EVE RS
W I
E AT
ORD EST DF
I
ESTATE
B6 B5 B3 A B4 B1 B2
E D
C
WIDFORD ESTATE
EVERSHOLT STREET
A two storey car park forms part of the residential mid-rise building at Widford Estate. This study looked to inhabit and densify this portion of the estate, through the introduction of 24 new homes.
A two storey commercial building sits between a low and high rise housing scheme. By introducing three new storeys we can create 26 new homes which open out on to the underuse green spaces behind the development.
The algorithm gave this site a score of 9
The algorithm gave this site a score of 9
O l i v e r B a l d o c k | A rc h i t e c t u re A p p re nt i c e s h i p Lev e l 7
06
SECTION PANCRAS ROAD ARCHES
[] 52 178
6 | PANCRAS ROAD ARCHES 6.1 | OVERVIEW The Area Located besides the western boundary of the Kings Cross Masterplan, Cooper Lane Estate is as close to the development as possible without being inside the £3bn development. As such the residents are served by both the London Kings Cross Rail Station which provides connections across the city and the country, and St Pancras International which provides, among other things, connections to Paris & Amsterdam through the Eurostar.
The Arches The site examined in this document are the Grade II listed remnants of the Somers Town Goods Yard. Established between 1883 and 1887 on the previous five hectare site of slum housing, the yard brought goods into London by train from the countryside in the east of England and the Midlands until it was heavily bombed in WWII and as coal deliveries started to slow the depot was closed in 1968. And in 1970 the southern portion of the site was demolished and is now inhabited by the British Library, and the northern portion of the site was used for the construction of what is now Coopers Lane Estate. In 2011 construction began on what was the central site of Somers Town Goods Yard to build the Francis Crick Institute for Biomedical Research. This included the demolition of the western twin of the arches which form the basis of this case study.
been in the bottom 10% of the country as far as records date back. This is a result of high levels of crime, low levels of employment, income and general poor health in the area. This has, to some extent, been exacerbated recently by the development of the King's Cross Masterplan, and the global investment is has received. According to locals, whilst having been burden with the disruptions caused by construction over the past decade they have yet to see any of the benefits. Furthermore, with the "success" of this development, house and rent costs have increased in the area, and following Right to Buy scheme in the 1980s, there is little affordable property left in the borough leading to a growing waiting list on Camden Councils housing register. The Proposed Typology This project proposes to use the Grade II listed site to develop a community-led mixed use housing scheme to create a number of new homes and community spaces alongside a well developed landscaping strategy. The Housing Working with the local community and prioritised members currently on the local housing register, the proposal will provide 36 affordable, high quality homes ranging from studio apartments up to 3 bedroom flats.
Designed beyond minimum standards to allow for an encourage flexible lifestyles such as working from home. Adaptablethroughouttheirlifetimeto encourage residents to improve instead of moving. The Community Spaces The proposed ground floor will provide flexible opportunities for small local groups and businesses to set up and operate from. Larger chains will be discouraged from applying with the intention of helping to develop a local economy which boosts the local community. The choice of what these spaces are will come down to a community vote in order that we maximise their potential. These spaces will create a vibrant active frontage to the arches and hopefully inspire further initiative across the other Somers Town estates. The Landscaping The site is currently bordered by Coopers Lane Estate to west and St Pancras Road to the east which leads into the masterplan. In restricting the exit from the masterplan to left turn only, we can reduce the width of St Pancras Road and pedestrianise the immediate area outside of the site. This creates the opportunity for a larger planting border protecting the new homes from road and rail noise & air pollution.
Key Design Targets The Challenges Historically the area has been bereft of investment. When considering Indices of Multiple Deprivation, the entirety of Somers Town has
The scheme will meet a net carbon zero target by the completion of construction, and continue into being carbon negative through the inclusion of on-site renewables.
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6 | PANCRAS ROAD ARCHES 6.2 | SITE ANALYSIS
THIN BORDER PERIMETER
ISLAND NATIONS
THE MASTERPLAN
ISLINGTON BOROUGH
ADDITIONAL MASTERPLAN ITEMS
CAMDEN BOROUGH
WESTMINSTER BOROUGH
O l i v e r B a l d o c k | A rc h i t e c t u re A p p re nt i c e s h i p Lev e l 7
HS2 DEVELOPMENT SITE
6 | PANCRAS ROAD ARCHES 6.2 | SITE OVERVIEW
THE BRITISH LIBRARY
OAKSHOTT cOURT
FRANCIS CRICK INSTITUTE ST PANCRAS STATION
M
SOMERS TOWN COMMUNITY CENTRE
L ID D
AN
POLYGON ROAD OUTDOOR GYM
AD RO LL
BRI
CE PLA
SOMERS TOWN SPORTS CENTRE
PURCHESE STREET OPEN SPACE
PU
ES E
COOPER LANE ESTATE
ST R
EE
COOPERS LANE COMMUNITY HALL
REGENT HIGH SCHOOL
EDITH NEVILLE PRIMARY SCHOOL
RC H
T
FIVE PANCRAS SQUARE
THE CHENIES
SO UR CE
T
EE
CAMLEY STREET NATURAL PARK
TR YS
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EUSTON STATION
RTE RIA L
RO AD
ST PANCRAS OLD CHURCH
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6 | PANCRAS ROAD ARCHES 6.1 | HERITAGE OVERVIEW The proposed site was built at the turn of the century and holds a place in the evolution of Kings's Cross and its industrial past. Here are a few excerpts about the site and the wider context. From MOLA's 2014 report for Brill Place The main function of the Somers Town Goods Yard was to facilitate the importation and distribution of perishable goods, such as milk, fish, vegetables and fruit, around London and beyond. Designed by John Underwood, the Midland Railway’s Engineer for New Works, the Goods Yard was constructed on two levels. Leading into the upper level the trains were diverted from the main line over a viaduct at the eastern end of Brill Place where the rails divided into some 30 sidings and the trains entered the various goods sheds to be unloaded. The wagons were carried on hydraulic lifts down to the lower ground level of the Goods Yard where loads could be temporarily stored or transported on by horsedrawn carts or road vehicles.. The lower Goods Yard was at street level and had the capacity to support 600 railway wagons at a time. Offices and storerooms, rented out to food traders, were located on this level, as well as a storage shed for bananas, which were probably imported via Liverpool, and a large potato market situated in the southern Goods Yard area which corresponds with the present-day site of the British Library. Also constructed on the site was a hydraulic power station and a Milk and Fish depot. During the Second World War the railways were a major target for attack and the depot was damaged by a landmine in September 1940. In the aftermath of the War, Somers Town Goods Yard was never restored to prominence and its functionality was increasingly threatened by the use of motor vehicles for freight transportation. Effectively redundant by the close of the 1950s, the Goods Yard was largely dismantled in the 1960s.14 The railway tracks were removed by 1976, although the Milk and Fish Depot and another large goods shed on the south-western edge of the site survived. The final buildings were demolished in the 1980s and ‘90s. From the Historic England listing: Section of St Pancras goods yard perimeter wall with integral shops. A substantial remnant of the former coal depot belonging to the Midland Railway Company. Erected as offices and coal trading stores 1895-1898, possibly to the designs of John Underwood, engineer to the Midland Railway Company. Red brick in English Bond with stone dressings; parapeted roof. Single-storey; pointed-arch arcade of 28 bays, most with shop fronts of authentic design, in the Gothic Revival style. A rare survival of commercial premises incorporated within a rail goods yard.
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6 | PANCRAS ROAD ARCHES 6.1 | HISTORIC DEVELOPMENT
1896
At the turn of the century, the slum-housing in and around Somers Town was demolished and slowly turned into Somers Town Goods Yard. Our Site became the edge of the coal depot to the north of the goods yard. The train lines came in to the south of the site before depositing their goods in the yard where Cooper Lane Estate now sits.
1916
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6 | PANCRAS ROAD ARCHES 6.1 | SITE PHOTOS The site sits on the edge of Cooper Lane Estate. This enclave of tree lined pedestrian walkways sits surrounded by a busy network of streets. To the south, the Francis Crick Institute towers over the estate, and to the east, the area is bounded by the rail lines exiting St Pancras Station. Pancras Road Arches bounds that eastern edge forming a back to the estate. This project looks to open up this boundary, as was the historic intent for these arches to create a connection through the estate into the masterplan. The proposal will draw on the brick context of the Grade 11 listed buildings and the estate, as well as the biophilic nature of the spaces in between to inform a language that sits well within its context. Currently those internal spaces are a network of public walkways and private gardens, a similar language will be applied to this design but will be enhanced by the introduction of intermediary communal spaces which encourage comfortable interactions between neighbours. St Pancras Road and Midlands Road create a major narrative to this site, currently dissecting the entire estate from the masterplan
O l i v e r B a l d o c k | A rc h i t e c t u re A p p re nt i c e s h i p Lev e l 7 Collage Record No: 110292
Artist:
07
SECTION ENGAGEMENT
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7 | ENGAGEMENT 7.1 | COMMUNITY CONCERNS INDICES OF MULTIPLE INDICES DEPRIVATION. OF MULTIPLE DEPRIVATION. MEASURED OUT OF MEASURED ALL LSOAS OUT INOF ENGLAND ALL LSOAS IN ENGLAND
"IT FEELS LIKE DAVID AND GOLIATH. WE LIVE ON A PERMANENT BUILDING SITE. WE GET THE NEGATIVES BUT NOT THE BENEFITS" More community ac�vi�es
More community ac�vi�es
Be�er and easier access to council services
Be�er and easier access to council services
Be�er building maintenance
Be�er building maintenance
EXISTING RESIDENT EXISTING RESIDENT
EXISTING RESIDENT EXISTING RESIDENT
ANNA PETERS (36)ANNA PETERS (36) CHEMIST CHEMIST JAMIE PETERS (40)JAMIE PETERS (40) CHEMIST CHEMIST 2 YEARS IN PROPERTY 2 YEARS IN PROPERTY
OVERALL SCORE OVERALL = 2,502/32,844 SCORE = 2,502/32,844 WHERE #1 = MOST WHERE DEPRIVED #1 = MOST DEPRIVED CAMDEN 019C
JENNA OWENS (56) JENNA OWENS PRIMARY SCHOOLPRIMARY SCHO TEACHER TEACHER
12 YEARS IN PROPERTY 12 YEARS IN PRO
approval of ST PANCRAS approval ROADof ST PANCRAS ROAD
Priorities
Priorities Concerns
Concerns
approval of ST PANCRAS approval ROADof ST PANCRAS ROAD
Priorities
Priorities Concerns
Concerns
CAMDEN 019D
Why has Somer’s Town developed its own neighbourhood plan? 1.
To alert and engage the local community in national /
CAMDEN 019E
INCOME 2,502
regional / local planning and development opportunities and threats. 2.
CAMDEN 022B
INCOME EMPLOYMENT 2,502 4,774
EMPLOYMENT 4,774
To feed local knowledge and aspirations into forward planning processes at local and regional level.
3.
Better access to Better Social access integration to Social integration More community MoreCommunity community integrationCommunity in educational facilities educational facilities activities activities Construction noise Construction noise Construction noise Construction n More external/ outsideMore external/ outside Better and easier access Better and easier access space that’s quieter space Disruption that’s quieter to daily life Disruption to daily life to council services to council Disruption services to daily life Disruption to d More of a community MoreMore of a community cars / busier roads More cars / busier roads Better building feel. feel. maintenance
Better More building children, not More children, maintenance enough school places enough scho
To build local capacity in planning, implementation, CAMDEN 022A
management, and, where appropriate, even delivery of certain aspects of Neighbourhood renewal and development. 4.
To guide future new development / growth in the Neighbourhood.
5.
CAMDEN 022C
To identify local projects which have arisen through and can be secured by the Neighbourhood Planning process.
6.
EDUCATION 10,633
CAMDEN 022D
To facilitate and improve co-ordination of, public, private, and voluntary and community sector development /
EDUCATION HEALTH & DISABILITY HEALTH & DISABILITY 10,633 3,980 3,980
CAMDEN 022E
service delivery at Neighbourhood level (added value). 7.
EXISTING RESIDENT EXISTING RESIDENT
EXISTING RESIDENT EXISTING RESIDENT
To support the Neighbourhood Forum as a credible stakeholder and an important contributor to sustainable
STEPHEN OSEI-OSAFO STEPHEN (27) OSEI-OSAFO (27) OPTHAMOLOGISTOPTHAMOLOGIST
MARY PENTITH (76) MARY PENTITH RETIRED RETIRED
4 YEARS IN PROPERTY 4 YEARS IN PROPERTY
15 YEARS IN PROPERTY 15 YEARS IN PRO
economic, community and other development in Somers Town. 8.
To help the existing community avoid being “squeezed out” and, instead, “stay and get a slice of the action “.
CRIME 805
In the process, and in an inner London context of land ownership and high land and rental values, contribute to a much needed review of conventional definition of LOWER SUPER OUTPUT AREA CODE
IMD RANK IN CAMDEN (133 LSOA IN TOTAL) 1 = BETTER PERFORMING
022A
22
022B
10
022C
14
022D
23
costs, and maximise the relatively few benefits that
022E
20
could accrue to the Somers Town community should
019C
38
019D
45
019E
5
terms such as “regeneration”, “affordable housing” etc. while at the same time, exploring new policy options and delivery vehicles such as Community Land Trusts, social enterprises etc. 9.
To ensure accountability and value for money in an age when public services have to be paid for by selling off publicly owned assets such as public open space i.e. an “Open Book policy”.
10.
To help minimise the environmental, traffic and other
HS2 and CR2 go ahead
CRIME LIVING LIVING 805 ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENT 3,281 3,281
The King's Cross masterplan is performing significantly better than the rest of the neighbouring Somers Town in almost all aspect of it's IMD ranking. However, currently Cooper Lane Estate is
BARRIERS TO BARRIERS TO HOUSING & SERVICES HOUSING & SERVICES 5,484 5,484
approval of ST PANCRAS approval ROADof ST PANCRAS ROAD
Priorities
Priorities
Priorities Concerns
Lower utility bills
Lower Daylight utility bills into property Daylight into propertyBetter access to community events
Improved energy Improved Security energy performance of our performance of our building building Access to garden / Access to garden / space to grow plants space to grow plants
Concerns
approval of ST PANCRAS approval ROADof ST PANCRAS ROAD
Security Cheaper spaces for family to stay over when visiting
Priorities Concerns
Concerns
Better Security access to Security community events Jobs for local people Jobs for local p Cheaper spaces for family Construction to stay over noise Construction n when visiting
Livelier local area / more Livelier local area / more places to shop for foodplaces to shop for food
considered part of the same Lower Super Output Area as the masterplan, therefore the data does not reflect the assumption that the residents of Cooper Lane Estate are affected similarly to those in Somers Town.
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7 | ENGAGEMENT 7.2 | LOCAL VS. GLOBAL With the KX development turning its back on these communities it is important to invest in valuable assets for the community. A strong neighbourhood, and secure roots, can help to produce sustainable lifestyles. This is the thinking around degrowth. These objectives ensure that any value created through these services and spaces stays within the local community. This helps to fund a local economy, which will reinvest in itself, helping it to become selfsustaining. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Fix it yourself stores Hydroponic farms Hospital (most likely GP) Doctors Hairdresser Drinking fountains Bakery Hardware store Outdoor free gyms Community bank Market stalls Parks Launderettes Libraries Time bank facilities Car clubs Tool borrowing centres Cycle shares / Storage Food kitchen / Food waste storage Anaerobic digestors Retraining / education facilities Local council hubs Counselling centres Green tech hubs Renewable battery storage Working from home hubs Swap shops Common garden (see Granby Winter Garden)
GLOBAL COMMUNITY LOCAL COMMUNITY
GLOBAL ECONOMY
LOCAL ECONOMY
ST PANCRAS ROAD
CAMLEY STREET
SOMERS TOWN
KX MASTERPLAN
A 5 and 10 year plan should be developed with the community in order to aid the progression and continued use of these space.
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7 | ENGAGEMENT 7.3 | USER INFLUENCE
roof designed by architect agreed with community & client signed off by coucnil
outer walls designed by architect agreed with client and community signed off by council
CONSTRAINTS SITE SPECIFIC INFLUENCES
ACCESS . STRUCTURE . HOME AREAS
USER’S DESIRED USE OF SPACE
USER’S EXISTING USE OF SPACE
ALIGNMENT WITH LOCAL PLANS
COMMUNITY’S DESIRED USE OF SPACE
SPATIAL PROGRAM
internal walls designed by architect agreed with end user and client signed off by council
HEALTHIER USERS [LIT REVIEW, 2019]
HAPPIER USERS [LIT REVIEW, 2019]
floors designed by architect agreed with end user & client signed off by council
window designed by architect agreed with end user & community (depends on location) signed off by client and council
internal doors designed by architect agreed with end user and client signed off by council
VARIABLES COMMUNAL USES . HOME LAYOUT . AMENITY PROVISION
internal stairs designed by architects agreed with end users signed off by client and council
An early sketch of the influence of users over the final design still remains relevant. At the scale of a single residence this is simply mapped. But when considering it as part of a development of 30 homes, within a single building, on top of a Grade II listed structure in a conservation area, the strategy becomes a lot more nuanced. The premise is to draw the distinction between the external and the internal, prioritising the existing and new structure whilst allowing greater freedom within internal layouts and the facade - within reason.
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1
PROPOSAL TO THE CLIENT Present to Camden Council a rigorous brief based on conversations with the community and the end user which specifies the number of homes, the type of facilities and a rough cost estimate and timeline for them to consider and consult on.
PANCRAS ROAD ARCHES
Indices of Multiple Deprivation, the entirety of Somers Town has been in
SITE #23 | COST £7M | TEAM
of high levels of crime, low levels of employment, income and general poor
methods of consultation
7 | ENGAGEMENT 7.4 | COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT METHODOLOGIES
LEVEL 01
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the bottom 10% of the country as far as records date back. This is a result
SINGLE EVENT occurs multiple times over the design process
PERMANENT EXHIBITION updated as the design develops
ONLINE EXHIBITION updated as the design develops COVID19 proof
health in the area. This has, to some extent, been exacerbated recently by the development of the King's Cross Masterplan, and the global investment is has received. According to locals, whilst having been burden with the disruptions caused by construction over the past decade they have yet to see any of the benefits. Furthermore, with the "success" of this development, house and rent costs have increased in the area, and following Right to Buy scheme in the 1980s, there is little affordable property left in the borough leading to a growing waiting list on Camden Councils housing register.
homes ranging from studio apartments up to 3 bedroom flats. Key Design Targets
2
THE AREA
Having consulted on the document, the design team negotiates any specific design, budget or timeline changes with the client to create a brief both are happy with. At this point any feasibility studies are updated.
• The scheme will meet a net carbon zero target by the completion of Located besides the western boundary of the Kings Cross Masterplan, Cooper Lane Estate is as close to the development as possible without being inside the £3bn development. As such the residents are served by both the London Kings Cross Rail Station which provides connections across the city
Collage Record No: 110292 Title: Somers Town goods Station, Pancras Road: railway arches, west side
and the country, and St Pancras International which provides, among other
Artist:
things, connections to Paris & Amsterdam through the Eurostar.
construction, and continue into being carbon negative through the inclusion of on-site renewables. • Designed beyond minimum standards to allow for an encourage flexible lifestyles such as working from home. • Adaptable throughout their lifetime to encourage residents to improve instead of moving.
Catalogue No: SC_PHL_01_350_77_5637 THE COMMUNITY SPACES
Description: Somers Town goods Station, Pancras Road: railway arches, THE ARCHES Accession No.: west side Date of Execution: 1977 The site examined in this document are the Grade II listed remnants of
The proposed ground floor will provide flexible opportunities for small local
the Somers Town Goods Yard. Established between 1883 and 1887 on Medium: photograph
discouraged from applying with the intention of helping to develop a local
the previous five hectare site of slum housing, the yard brought goods
economy which boosts the local community. The choice of what these
into London by train from the countryside in the east of England and the
spaces are will come down to a community vote in order that we maximise
Midlands until it was heavily bombed in WWII and as coal deliveries started
their potential.
groups and businesses to set up and operate from. Larger chains will be
to slow the depot was closed in 1968. And in 1970 the southern portion of the site was demolished and is now inhabited by the British Library, and the
These spaces will create a vibrant active frontage to the arches and
northern portion of the site was used for the construction of what is now
hopefully inspire further initiative across the other Somers Town estates.
CLIENT NEGOTIATION
Coopers Lane Estate. THE LANDSCAPING In 2011 construction began on what was the central site of Somers Town Goods Yard to build the Francis Crick Institute for Biomedical Research. This
The site is currently bordered by Coopers Lane Estate to west and St Pancras
included the demolition of the western twin of the arches which form the
Road to the east which leads into the masterplan. In restricting the exit from
basis of this case study.
the masterplan to left turn only, we can reduce the width of St Pancras Road and pedestrianise the immediate area outside of the site. This creates the
THE CHALLENGES
opportunity for a larger planting border protecting the new homes from road and rail noise & air pollution.
Historically the area has been bereft of investment. When considering
NOITIBIHXE TNENAMREP spoleved ngised eht sa detadpu
TNEVE ELGNIS eht revo semit elpitlum srucco ssecorp ngised
methdos of design
At this stage the plans are represented back to the community to engage with any further opinions or concerns they have about the changes to the brief. This is undertaken whilst design work continues.
10 LEVEL
3
COMMUNITY PRESENTATION
LEVEL 03
© City of London: London Metropolitan Archives http://collage.cityoflondon.gov.uk
noitatlusnoc fo sdohtem
15/08/2020
PROACTIVE COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT for locating sites etc.
VIRTUAL REALITY to improve spatial awareness and understanding
methods of consultation
local housing register, the proposal will provide 36 affordable, high quality
ACTIVITIES & OPPORTUNITIES FOR FEEDBACK games & participation
methods of engagement
Working with the local community and prioritised members currently on the
S occurs m d
LEVEL 02
THE HOUSING
I’VE FOUND A SITE!
LEVEL 02
community spaces alongside a well developed landscaping strategy.
ONLINE VIRTUAL DESIGN TOOLS set with predefined components and constraints
PROAC E for lo
BASED ON HUMAN FACTORS REPORT (AUTHOR, 2020) f design
methods of engagement
led mixed use housing scheme to create a number of new homes and
LEVEL 01
This project proposes to use the Grade II listed site to develop a community-
L 03
THE PROPOSED TYPOLOGY
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7 | ENGAGEMENT 7.5 | COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
Community engagement in both council spending and this project is key to creating a cohesive connection between the new residents and their neighbours. The project looks to dedicate its ground floor to amenity spaces for a range of activities which are publicly accessible and useful for the local community.
As with any surveying, the greater the participation the stronger the results. It is important to hear from everyone in the community, not just the vocal members who may have their own agenda. Again, a major part of this proposal is changing the stigma around social housing, showing that it can be an option for everyone.
Therefore, this part of the design engagement seeks to use the community as a resource to understand what is missing in the local area and guide the design team into developing a scheme with strong social value.
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7 | ENGAGEMENT 7.6 | RESIDENT ENGAGEMENT OTHER ARAB AFRICAN CARIBBEAN EAST ASIAN
NEW RESIDENT
OTHER ARAB
AMY LANETT (27) ADMIN ASSISTANT NEWJOE RESIDENT ADAMS (26) NURSE AMY LANETT (27)
WHITE
AFRICAN CARIBBEAN
BANGLADESHI EXISTING NEW RESIDENT RESIDENT
WEST ASIAN
EXISTING RESIDENT
MULTIPLE ETHNIC GROUPS WEST ASIAN
suitability for ST PANCRAS ROAD
MULTIPLE ETHNIC GROUPS
0-4 YRS
0-4 YRS
5-9 YRS
Facility Preferences gym source of local produce Facility Preferences gym potential space to work source of local produce from home
Spatial Preferences Facility Preferences double bedroom creche single bedroomFacility Preferences work from home facility Spatial Preferences double bedroom lots of storage creche access to network of single bedroom work from home young facility families no carpet
Location Preferences close to victoria line Location Preferences
Financial Preferences up to £500 a month in Financial Preferences
Location Preferences Financial Preferences access to parksFinancial Preferences none Location Preferences
potential space to work from home
within camden close to victoriaborough line up torent £500 a month in within camden borough rent flexible payments
60 YRS+
45-59 YRS
45-59 YRS
30 - 34 YRS
30 - 34 YRS
TEMPERATURE lIGHTING sLEEPY
25-29 YRS
lots of storage no carpet
access to network of young families
access to limited parks air pollution none limited air pollution
flexible payments charges no additional no additional charges
5-9 YRS
60 YRS+
suitability for ST PANCRAS ROAD
Spatial Preferences double bedroom large kitchen area Spatial Preferences double bedroom large living area large kitchen area undecorated large living area undecorated
HOW DO YOU FEEL?
SARAH PINNICK (28) TRAINEE LAWYER suitability for ST PANCRAS ROAD LIAM (2)
suitability for ST PANCRAS ROAD
BANGLADESHI
EXISTING NEW RESIDENT RESIDENT
JACK LYCKE (31) RECRUITER NEW RESIDENT SARAH PINNICK (28) TRAINEE LAWYER JACK LYCKE (31) RECRUITERLIAM (2)
ADMIN ASSISTANT JOE ADAMS (26) NURSE
WHITE
EAST ASIAN
EXISTING RESIDENT
NEW RESIDENT
10-14 10-14 YRS YRS 15-19 YRS 15-19 YRS
20-2420-24 YRS YRS
NEW RESIDENT
NEW RESIDENT
NEW RESIDENT
NEW RESIDENT
COURTENEY GIBSON (26) COURTENEY GIBSON (26) GRAPHIC DESIGNER MAE ANDERSON (23) DESIGNER GRAPHIC SPORTS THERAPIST MAE ANDERSON (23)
KUSAL SUBASINGHE (24) KUSAL SUBASINGHE (24) GAME DESIGNER
25-29 YRS
GAME DESIGNER
SPORTS THERAPIST
The end users are social housing tenants. That presents a complication when considering their involvement in the design process. The proposal is that Camden council would consult with those awaiting housing on the housing register, and select residents who weren't in need of immediate housing but were looking for a longer term placement. The housing layouts have been considered with adaptability in mind, so that if the tenant should or needs to pull out of the design process for whatever reason, the proposals are flexible enough to allow involvement from a new party. Ideally, as part of the design process we would be able to collect data about the current living conditions of these residents to understand how space is used, and therefore have a better gauge on how they imagine living.
suitability for ST PANCRAS ROAD
facade
suitability for ST PANCRAS ROAD
internal layouts public realm community spaces
suitability for ST PANCRAS ROAD
Spatial Preferences large office good natural lighting Spatial Preferences one bedroom
FOREIGN
large office
FOREIGNVOCATIONAL PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATION
VOCATIONAL
PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATION DEGREE
DEGREE
NO QUALIFICATIONS NVQ LEVEL 1-5
NO QUALIFICATIONS A LEVEL
NVQ LEVEL 1-5
APPRENTICESHIP
A LEVEL
good natural lighting one bedroom Location Preferences close to public transport quiet
Location Preferences close to public transport quiet
Facility Preferences cycle storage communal working Facility Preferences spaces cycle storage space to hire
communal working spaces Financial space Preferences to hire flexible payments option to lease furniture
Financial Preferences flexible payments option to lease furniture
suitability for ST PANCRAS ROAD Spatial Preferences Facility Preferences two bedrooms community groups ensuite community spaces for Spatial Preferences Facility Preferences good acoustic finish hire groups decoratedtwo bedrooms connection to community existing work fromensuite home area communitiescommunity spaces for
good acoustic finish hire Location Preferences decorated connection to existing access to work parks/green Financial Preferences from home area communities space
possibility to rent
nearby cycle routes additional space for Location Preferences good air quality storage access to parks/green £700 a month Financial rent max Preferences
space nearby cycle routes
possibility to rent additional space for
good air quality
storage £700 a month rent max
APPRENTICESHIP
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7 | ENGAGEMENT 7.7 | RESIDENT ENGAGEMENT
The issue with any form of surveying is that once aware that we are being assessed or questioned, our answers change or adapt to portray ourselves in the way we want to be seen. The ideal scenario to assess the needs of residents is to analyse how they currently live, compare it to their answers and assess how they want to live in the future. This, however, requires a lot of invasive data collection which many may not be willing to participate in, so a balance should be found.
The above looks at the development of a UI which hopes to solve some of these issues. The questions would be a lot broader to better understand a person's lifestyle, rather than simple asking what they think their needs are. It would also give them transparency on the construction and delivery process. The intent is to treat each social housing tenant as if they are an owner-occupier. This app can also work for new tenants coming into existing buildings when waiting for their flat to be updated for their needs.
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SECTION SITE SPECIFIC CONCEPTS
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8 | SITE SPECIFIC CONCEPTS 8.1 | DEMANDING RETROFIT
AFFORDABLE . ADAPTABLE . CARBON NEGATIVE SOCIAL HOMES
DEMANDING RETROFIT AS A KEY DESIGN PRINCIPLES
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8 | SITE SPECIFIC CONCEPTS 8.2 | IMPROVING DENSITY
AFFORDABLE . ADAPTABLE . CARBON NEGATIVE SOCIAL HOMES
IMPROVING DENSITY BY INCREASING VERTICAL INHABITATION
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8 | SITE SPECIFIC CONCEPTS 8.3 | LEARNING FROM CONTEXT
AFFORDABLE . ADAPTABLE . CARBON NEGATIVE SOCIAL HOMES
USING EXISTING FEATURES & CHARACTERISTICS TO DEFINE DESIGN PRINCIPLES
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8 | SITE SPECIFIC CONCEPTS 8.4 | ESTABLISHING A STRUCTURAL APPROACH
AFFORDABLE . ADAPTABLE . CARBON NEGATIVE SOCIAL HOMES
ESTABLISHING APPROPRIATE CONSTRUCTION METHODS ALONGSIDE FACADE RETENTION
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8 | SITE SPECIFIC CONCEPTS 8.5 | CREATING ACCESS
SERVICING
CORE
RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL COMMUNAL SPACE
AFFORDABLE . ADAPTABLE . CARBON NEGATIVE SOCIAL HOMES
DEVELOPING ACCESS, CONNECTIONS AND ACTIVE FRONTAGES AT THE GROUND FLOOR
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8 | SITE SPECIFIC CONCEPTS 8.6 | INTRODUCING VARIETY
1
2
3
AFFORDABLE . ADAPTABLE . CARBON NEGATIVE SOCIAL HOMES
INTRODUCING A RANGE OF HOUSING OPTIONS
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8 | SITE SPECIFIC CONCEPTS 8.7 | DEVELOPING COHESION
AFFORDABLE . ADAPTABLE . CARBON NEGATIVE SOCIAL HOMES
DEVELOPING A DETAILED DESIGN CONSIDERING COHESION WITH THE EXISTING FABRIC
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SECTION SUSTAINABILITY
supply of ethically sourced materials
average heat loss through glazing form factor
7.69kWh/m2
1.2
EQUITY & LOCAL ECONOMY
promotion of local seasonal produce
LOCAL & SUSTAINABLE FOOD
[]
75 support local food suppliers raised vegetable 178 gardens
south facade glazing ratio target: 10-20% actual: 10%
average heat gain through glazing
20.4kWh/m2
bus links and car club high speed internet provision maximum PTAL rating
long lasting affordability
no car parking shared surfaces for transport
east facade glazing ratio target: 10-15% actual: 36%
west facade glazing ratio target: 10-15% actual: 10%
roof u-value: 0.12
rail station close by dedicated walking & cycling routes to location
good acoustics good natural lighting resists overheating HEALTH & HAPPINESS
communal package store
TRAVEL & TRANSPORT
secure bicycle storage
homes are offered to local tenants first 100% social housing
additional investment into local initiatives and community schemes
local amenities
layouts meet lifetime home standards
double glazing u-value: 1.3
resists and improves local pollution levels use of low toxic materials and finishes units sized for flexibility development improves quality of surrounding area
sustainably sourced materials resiliant materials & finishes
retention of existing businesses within these spaces
circular economy plan for materials modular construction
road line pulled back
dry recycling
ZERO WASTE
central food recycling
protected cycle line runs through the central shared space
food waste recycling partner with local recycling schemes
creates residents club include communal amenities restores a historic landmark
upper walls u-value: 0.12 biodiverse planting includes wildlife habitats
lower walls u-value: 0.10
maintain and improves existing habitats uses a brownfield site use of local plants in landscape increase tree canopy percentage
absorption of nearby green spaces into site boundary to improve biodiversity
reuse of materials from existing buildings
engages with local community
provide communal spaces
creation of a shared surface
recycling of construction waste low material wastage in construction
north facade glazing ratio target: 10-20% actual: 8%
CULTURE & COMMUNITY
low toxicity materials
triple glazing u-value: 0.85
LAND & NATURE
low embodied carbon materials
MATERIALS & PRODUCTS
recyclable materials for disassembly at end of life
promotes local history
low water use fittings install water metres
Energy use < 35KWh/m .yr 2
Heating demand < 15KWh/m2.yr Provide energy guide for new resident
ZERO CARBON ENERGY
Air tightness less than 1m2/h.m2
SUSTAINABLE WATER
u-value 70% improvement over Part L
automated irrigation of communal gardens blue roof develop a SUDS strategy rainwater harvesting for WCs Water use less than 80L per person per day
BIOREGIONAL'S ONE PLANET LIVING MATRIX
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9 | SUSTAINABILITY 9.2 | FORM FINDING
The main design proposal centres on the form of the insertion behind the listed arches. There are a number of ideas and iterations tested here, which all have there merits. This required rigour in the decision making, using the criteria noted below to test each option. Moving clockwise: Gross Internal Area The simplest criteria, measuring the internal area that each option would produce and thus examining its efficiency. Form Factor A ratio of the external fabric area to the gross internal area to get an idea of potential heat losses. Minimising this is best. Cost A notional value placed against facade area and complexity of the form. Embodied Carbon A combination of facade area and gross external area to calculate a footprint per m2 Daylighting Calculating the portion of units which would have a single aspect, as well as the proportion of the facade facing North. Adaptability A notional value placed against the complexity of the form in relation to how well the internal layouts would perform. Aesthetic A subjective small survey among co-workers to rank the iterations based on a contextual view of each proposal.
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Glazing & Orientation Studies
Glazing & Orientation Studies OPTION 01A
OPTION 01 South facing
9 | SUSTAINABILITY 9.2 | OVERHEATING
Total radiation (KWh/m2) Heating Load (W/m2) Cooling Load (W/m2) Daylighting score (%)
South-east facing
MAXIMISE THIS VALUE
This is a study of LETI guidelines and an attempt to minimise the operating and embodied carbon of the project. A part of these guidelines state that only 15-25% of the facade should be glazing in order to minimise heat loss and reduce overheating especially important considering the heat records we have had recently.
Total radiation (KWh/m2) Heating Load (W/m2) Cooling Load (W/m2) Daylighting score (%)
South facing 0.47 23.5 35.0 43
Total radiation (KWh/m2) Heating Load (W/m2) Cooling Load (W/m2) Daylighting score (%)
North facing 2.2 23.5 46.3 59.1
Total radiation (KWh/m2) Heating Load (W/m2) Cooling Load (W/m2) Daylighting score (%)
Total radiation (KWh/m2) Heating Load (W/m2) Cooling Load (W/m2) Daylighting score (%)
Total radiation (KWh/m2) Heating Load (W/m2) Cooling Load (W/m2) Daylighting score (%)
Total radiation (KWh/m2) Heating Load (W/m2) Cooling Load (W/m2) Daylighting score (%)
Total radiation (KWh/m2) Heating Load (W/m2) Cooling Load (W/m2) Daylighting score (%)
North-east facing 0.98 23.5 38.1 43.3
Total radiation (KWh/m2) Heating Load (W/m2) Cooling Load (W/m2) Daylighting score (%)
Total radiation (KWh/m2) Heating Load (W/m2) Cooling Load (W/m2) Daylighting score (%)
0.33 23.5 29.1 31.3
0.84 23.5 41.6 39.9
South facing 0.23 23.5 34.5 17 25.8
Total radiation (KWh/m2) Heating Load (W/m2) Cooling Load (W/m2) Daylighting score (%)
Single central window 20% glazing area
North-east facing 1.77 23.5 38.1 66.2
Total radiation (KWh/m2) Heating Load (W/m2) Cooling Load (W/m2) Daylighting score (%)
0.28 23.5 34.5 18 20.3
Single central window 20% glazing area
South-east facing Total radiation (KWh/m2) Heating Load (W/m2) Cooling Load (W/m2) Daylighting score (%)
North facing 0.95 23.5 43.4 36.4
Total radiation (KWh/m2) Heating Load (W/m2) Cooling Load (W/m2) Daylighting score (%)
South-east facing 0.20 23.5 28.8 25.3
Total radiation (KWh/m2) Heating Load (W/m2) Cooling Load (W/m2) Daylighting score (%)
East facing Total radiation (KWh/m2) Heating Load (W/m2) Cooling Load (W/m2) Daylighting score (%)
MINIMISE THIS VALUE
North facing 1.75 23.5 43.4 49.9
OPTION 01C South facing
North facing 1.60 23.5 43.4 51.0
Total radiation (KWh/m2) Heating Load (W/m2) Cooling Load (W/m2) Daylighting score (%)
0.24 23.5 29.3 17.0
East facing 0.44 23.5 41.5 30.4
Total radiation (KWh/m2) Heating Load (W/m2) Cooling Load (W/m2) Daylighting score (%)
Glazing & Orientation Studies
0.68 23.5 41.6 33.7
Glazing & Orientation Studies
OPTION 02
OPTION 03 South facing Total radiation (KWh/m2) Heating Load (W/m2) Cooling Load (W/m2) Daylighting score (%)
North-east facing 1.42 23.5 37.9 51.1
Total radiation (KWh/m2) Heating Load (W/m2) Cooling Load (W/m2) Daylighting score (%)
South facing 0.26 23.5 34.5 19 23.5
Total radiation (KWh/m2) Heating Load (W/m2) Cooling Load (W/m2) Daylighting score (%)
Single central window 20% glazing area
North-east facing 1.42 23.5 37.9 56.2
Total radiation (KWh/m2) Heating Load (W/m2) Cooling Load (W/m2) Daylighting score (%)
0.24 23.5 34.5 20 26.1
Two thinner windows 20% glazing area
South-east facing Total radiation (KWh/m2) Heating Load (W/m2) Cooling Load (W/m2) Daylighting score (%)
South-east facing
North facing 1.23 23.5 43.2 40.5
Total radiation (KWh/m2) Heating Load (W/m2) Cooling Load (W/m2) Daylighting score (%)
Total radiation (KWh/m2) Heating Load (W/m2) Cooling Load (W/m2) Daylighting score (%)
0.22 22.6 29.0 22.0
East facing Total radiation (KWh/m2) Heating Load (W/m2) Cooling Load (W/m2) Daylighting score (%)
North facing 1.27 23.4 43.2 45.1
Total radiation (KWh/m2) Heating Load (W/m2) Cooling Load (W/m2) Daylighting score (%)
0.21 23.4 29.1 23.9
East facing 0.57 23.5 41.4 30.8
Total radiation (KWh/m2) Heating Load (W/m2) Cooling Load (W/m2) Daylighting score (%)
27
Glazing & Orientation Studies
0.73 23.5 41.5 38.7
Glazing & Orientation Studies
OPTION 03A
OPTION 03B South facing Total radiation (KWh/m2) Heating Load (W/m2) Cooling Load (W/m2) Daylighting score (%)
North-east facing 1.29 23.5 37.9 41.0
Total radiation (KWh/m2) Heating Load (W/m2) Cooling Load (W/m2) Daylighting score (%)
South facing 0.24 23.5 34.5 21 20.5
Two thinner windows 20% glazing area
Total radiation (KWh/m2) Heating Load (W/m2) Cooling Load (W/m2) Daylighting score (%)
North-east facing 1.44 23.5 37.9 39.9
Total radiation (KWh/m2) Heating Load (W/m2) Cooling Load (W/m2) Daylighting score (%)
0.23 23.5 34.5 22 20.2
Two thinner windows 20% glazing area
South-east facing Total radiation (KWh/m2) Heating Load (W/m2) Cooling Load (W/m2) Daylighting score (%)
North facing 1.29 23.4 43.2 35.9
Total radiation (KWh/m2) Heating Load (W/m2) Cooling Load (W/m2) Daylighting score (%)
South-east facing 0.20 23.4 29.1 18.7
Total radiation (KWh/m2) Heating Load (W/m2) Cooling Load (W/m2) Daylighting score (%)
East facing Total radiation (KWh/m2) Heating Load (W/m2) Cooling Load (W/m2) Daylighting score (%)
North facing 1.14 23.4 43.2 29.6
Total radiation (KWh/m2) Heating Load (W/m2) Cooling Load (W/m2) Daylighting score (%)
0.20 23.4 29.1 18.3
East facing 0.57 22.6 41.5 25.3
Total radiation (KWh/m2) Heating Load (W/m2) Cooling Load (W/m2) Daylighting score (%)
0.45 23.4 41.4 22.9
Glazing & Orientation Studies
Glazing & Orientation Studies
OPTION 05
OPTION 04 South facing Total radiation (KWh/m2) Heating Load (W/m2) Cooling Load (W/m2) Daylighting score (%)
South facing
North-east facing 1.87 23.5 38.1 59.25
Total radiation (KWh/m2) Heating Load (W/m2) Cooling Load (W/m2) Daylighting score (%)
Total radiation (KWh/m2) Heating Load (W/m2) Cooling Load (W/m2) Daylighting score (%)
0.33 23.5 34.5 23 31.8
North-east facing 1.44 23.5 38.0 51.2
Total radiation (KWh/m2) Heating Load (W/m2) Cooling Load (W/m2) Daylighting score (%)
0.26 23.5 34.5 24 23.4
One smaller window and one accessible window 20% glazing area
Two smaller windows 20% glazing area
South-east facing Total radiation (KWh/m2) Heating Load (W/m2) Cooling Load (W/m2) Daylighting score (%)
South-east facing
North facing 1.61 23.5 43.4 48.6
Total radiation (KWh/m2) Heating Load (W/m2) Cooling Load (W/m2) Daylighting score (%)
Total radiation (KWh/m2) Heating Load (W/m2) Cooling Load (W/m2) Daylighting score (%)
0.29 23.4 29.1 30.3
Total radiation (KWh/m2) Heating Load (W/m2) Cooling Load (W/m2) Daylighting score (%)
North facing 1.23 23.5 43.4 38.7
Total radiation (KWh/m2) Heating Load (W/m2) Cooling Load (W/m2) Daylighting score (%)
0.23 23.5 29.0 23.2
East facing
East facing
27
0.38 23.5 34.5 33.2
Glazing & Orientation Studies
OPTION 01B
All studies were completed using grasshopper, honeybee, and ladybug.
Total radiation (KWh/m2) Heating Load (W/m2) Cooling Load (W/m2) Daylighting score (%)
East facing 1.0 23.5 44.9 48.9
Glazing & Orientation Studies
Summary
North-east facing 1.91 23.5 38.1 59.6
South-east facing 0.41 23.5 29.7 41.3
East facing
MINIMISE THIS VALUE
This demonstrates that Option 2 with a single central vertical window provides the best daylight to overheating ratio and as such this is the option that I have used, with half height panels on areas where we needed to meet 15% glazing as compared to 25%.
2.45 23.5 41.3 69.5
Single central window 20% glazing area
Total radiation (KWh/m2) Heating Load (W/m2) Cooling Load (W/m2) Daylighting score (%)
Therefore these studies are used to test and understand how best to arrange that 15-25% glazing for each flat in order to maximise daylight but minimise every other measured aspect. This is a limited study whichGlazing did not consider materiality and so & Orientation Studies the values will not be accurate, however, the studies can be compared to each other.
North-east facing
Single central window 30% glazing area
MINIMISE THIS VALUE
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Glazing & Orientation Studies Summary
Total radiation (KWh/m2) Heating Load (W/m2) Cooling Load (W/m2) Daylighting score (%)
0.73 23.5 41.5 38.7
25
0.56 23.5 41.5 29.4
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Building Life Cycle Information
There are, of course, a number of issues surrounding the use of timber in regards to Grenfell and the cladding epidemic within the UK. However, if these issues can be navigated and resolves, the benefits are tremendous.
This is where carbon sequestration happens according to BS EN 15978
GEA of project
BURN OR LANDFILL
Recycling
Recovery
Disposal
Waste Processing
Beyond the system
Transport
End of Life
Deconstruction Demolition
Use
Refurbishment
Maintenance
Use
Construction Process
Transport
Manufacturing
D
All carbon is released into the atmosphere at the end of the buildings life (typically 60 years).
Timber rots and releases methane, which has greater global warming potential (GWP) - up to 84% over 20 years.
This wipes out any sequestration modelled in A1 - A3
This option is rarely modelled.
But both with and without carbon sequestration need to be reported. This is called below and above the line respectively
To avoid either scenario, we must design for
REUSE
4298m2 BREAKDOWN OF EMBODIED CARBON OVER A BUILDINGS LIFETIME
with timber sequestration
C1 - C4 2%
without timber sequestration
-223 kgCO2e/m2
However, even if the timber is burnt at the end of its life, there is a significant longer lasting benefit from the carbon it has sequestered.
280 kgCO2e/m2
Radiative Forcing B1 - B5 45%
the change in energy flux in the atmosphere caused by factors of climate change
A1 - A3 48%
Years after construction
Carbon Footprint of Proposal Not including Sequestration 1140
1204
1038
A5 2%
A4 3%
BREAKDOWN OF BUILDING ELEMENTS BY EMBODIED CARBON TOTALS FINISHES 4%
921
0
ntial Reside
MEP 15%
ercial Demolition Retention
Comm
Integrated Radiative Forcing (W.yr/m2)
However, what is clear, is that the sustainable harvesting of timber for construction projects, in the place of concrete and steel, provides benefits which far outlast the expected lifetime of said building.
C1 - C4
Carbon Footprint (tCO2)
However, measuring and recording the benefits of timber within the carbon footprint of a building is not a simple task. This, partly, comes down to the lack of consistency across the industry, and among professional bodies in how to account for this benefit. This topic is explored in greater depths within the thesis.
Construction
B1 - B5
0
20
40
60
80
100
2E-08
-4E-08
-6E-08
Point at which timber is burnt
the environmental benefit gained from sequestration within construction continues
Source: Cooper et al. 2020 / Adapted by FCBS 2021
Carbon Footprint of Proposal Including Sequestration
5 TAKEAWAY POINTS FACADE 16%
SUBSTRUCTURE 17%
SUPERSTRUCTURE 48%
Carbon Footprint (tCO2)
This is a timber design project, and the main reason for deciding on this route was in regards to the carbon benefits of timber construction.
Transport
Product
A5
Replacement
A4
Repair
A1 - A3
However, again according to BS EN 15978 we can only include sequestration if we include End of Life (C1 - C4), and there are currently two end of life options for timber (according to BS EN 15978 and RICS) :
Beyond the Building Life Cycle
Reuse
9 | SUSTAINABILITY 9.3 | EMBODIED CARBON Raw material supply
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BUILDING ASSESSMENT INFORMATION
1. We should report sequestration and emissions separately for transparency 2. We should design our timber structures to be reused at end of life 3. CO2 is bigger than one instance and locking it away has significant benefits 4. There is no consenus on how to represent it, and certain groups dislike sequestration 5. We must limit our immediate emissions regardless of sequestration
64 0
-589
-610
-893
tion esidential ommercial etention R Demoli R C
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9 | SUSTAINABILITY 9.4 | DISASSEMBLY & END OF LIFE
Digital modelling of traditional Japanese timber connection details
P A N E L
Exploded Axo of Structure
Section through facade
P R O C E S S I N G
S TA G E 1 : O P T I M I S I N G S AW
S TA G E 2 : F I N G E R - J O I N T E R
Visual defects are marked and automatically cut out as necessary in the Optisaw
Boards up to 6” x 12” in cross section are structurally finger-jointed, creating continuous lamellas up to 60ft long
S TA G E 3 : P R O F I L E M O U L D E R
S TA G E 4 : D LT P R E S S
Each lamella is run through a moulder, ensuring exact board thickness and applying the many different profile options to the bottom of the board
Lamellas are automatically fed into the DLT press, where 10 tons of pressure are applied both vertically and horizontally on the panel. Hardwood dowels are hydraulically pressed into tight-fit holes drilled sideways through the panel
D O W E L L I N G
P R O C E S S
STEP 1: BOARDS PRESSED
STEP 2: HOLES DRILLED
STEP 3: DOWELS INSERTED
The first package of lamellas is automatically fed into the DLT machine and then hydraulically pressed vertically and horizontally to ensure a flat panel, and remove any gaps between boards
A drilling aggregate drills 3/4” diameter holes into the wide face of the lamellas with a custom-designed drill bit
The 3/4” diameter hardwood dowels are hydraulically pressed into the hole
S T E P 4 : P R O C E S S R E P E AT Additional packages of lamellas are pushed into the DLT press and dowelled into the previous packages until a full width panel is created
8
Tamedia Headquarters, Zurich (Shigeru Ban)
Column / Beam Connection Detail
Partially assembled joint detail
Dovetail with peg tenon post
STEP 5: MOISTURE EQUILIBRIUM
DOWELS
As the drier dowel comes into moisture equilibrium with the surrounding lumber, it expands, creating a tight friction fit between the two materials
StructureCraft DLT Design & Profile Guide © V4.0 – USA
9
Manufacture of dowel laminated timber
Ikea's wedge connection detail
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80 9 | SUSTAINABILITY 178 9.5 | TIMBER PRECEDENTS
I am looking to minimise mechanical fixings wherever possible. This means working with timber to timber connections details to get the desired structural layout necessary for a residential project. There are number of precedents which I have drawn from for inspiration. The first is Kengo Kuma's Prostho Museum (left). Constructed of small modules and a standardise connection, the inspiration of a small Japanese toy has create a unique museum space with an interesting relationship with light and the surrounding context. The second is Tom Parson's catalogue of work (middle) which makes the most of the CNC process to develop timber connections without any mechanical fixings. It also expresses these to create a unique aesthetic driven by the production process. The third is the Vidy Pavilion by Atelier Cube (right) which implements a double skinned timber construction with folded panels, all of which has been precision cut, to produce an internal free span allowing for a large unique theatre space. All three derive from traditional timber joinery methods which have been adapted (and improved) through new computation and digital modelling tools.
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9 | SUSTAINABILITY 9.6 | SOURCING TIMBER BREAKDOWN OF OUR TIMBER TRADE 60
1200
Whilst timber and therefore mass timber products have a low embodied carbon due to them being biogenic products, they still require processing and transport from the forest to the site (A2 - A3 of the LCA Stages) Currently the suppliers of mass timber products are limited within the UK, and much of the CLT market is imported from mainland Europe. This is an even greater extreme for the Dowel Laminated Timber product with only two UK based manufacturers.
Cumulative Biomass Sequestration (tCO2e/ha)
50
Timber Consumption (million m3)
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40
30
import
20
10
production export
0 2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
Optimum Harvest Point
1000
800
Carbon sequestered by Sitka Spruce, Yield Class 14, 2m Spacing
600
400
200 2017
Year 0 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Years since planting
On a wider scale, a similar scenario is seen within our timber industry with the majority being imported from Sweden. Although timber processing plants are evenly spread across the island, the constraint appears to be the lack of sustainably managed forests. In order to reduce the embodied energy associated with LCA Stages A1 - A3, this needs addressing.
TWO KEY ELEMENT TO CERTIFICATION SCHEMES: Source (clockwise) Sweden Germany Finland Latvia Netherlands Ireland Belgium Austria Poland Estonia Other (EU) Canada Russia
BREAKDOWN OF WHERE OUR TIMBER IMPIORTS COME FROM
1 FOREST CERTIFICATION Provides indepent third party evidence that the forest of origin is being managed in accordance with the requirements of an accredited forest management standard 2 CHAIN OF CUSTODY CERTIFICATION This enables timber suppliers to provide independent third party evidence of an unbroken path from the forest to the consumer, including all stages of manufacturing, transportation and distribution.
TIMBER PROCESSING PLANTS WITHIN GREAT BRITAIN
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9 | SUSTAINABILITY 9.6 | TIMBER & BUILDING REGS. B3 (1) INTERNAL FIRE SPREAD (STRUCTURE) The building shall be designed and constructed so that, in the event of fire, its stability will be maintained for a reasonable period
This is a mass timber building and the intent is to expose that timber wherer possible to define as aesthetic for this project and to reap the reduction in construction costs. However, with the cladding ban that has come into force as a result of the Hackitt Reviewm which also includes the use of structural timber within the project, this has been a tough area to navigate, and an interesting / useful learning curve. Under the current set of regulations, if we are to expose the timber, we must be able to prove that the product is self-extinguishing. Whilst this is possible with a cross laminated timber product, it is far more likely with a dowel laminated timber product, and far less likely to lose its stuctural integrity. CLT is only used in the core walls where it will be encapsulated. All other structural members will be a DLT product, enabling the exposure of its surface. Furthermore, for this case stidy, the proposal is less than 11m tall, meaning the risk is significantly reduced and escape is far easier in the vent of a fire. Nevertheless, this may become an issue for other case studies based on roof tops, or attempting to introduce a denser scheme. QWW
STRUCTURAL (FIRE) SAFETY OBJECTIVE
PROVISION OF ADEQUATE TIME Low-rise buildings where occupants may sleep and medium-rise buildings where occupants are awake and familiar. Evacuation time is relatively fast and fire fighting is mainly external
FIRE SAFETY SOLUTION Fully-exposed, partially protected or encapsulated with the assembly achieving the relevant fire resistance performance recommended in standard guidance
DEMONSTRATING SELF-EXTINCTION IS A PREREQUISITE FOR COMPLIANCE WITH B3 (1) IF WE WANT AN EXPOSED SURFACE
LIKELIHOOD OF SURVIVING BURN-OUT Medium rise buildings where occupants may sleep and high-rise buildings Evacuation is protraced and fire brigade intervention is typically internal
FIRE SAFETY SOLUTION Structure is either prevented as contributing as a source of fuel through full encapsulation adequate to prevent pyrolysis for the full duration of the design fire resistance period.
This is not necessarily possible with a cross laminated timber product as there is an abrupt loss in strength when char reaches a layer perpendicular to the span. This is not the case with dowel laminated timber as all the wood fibre is parallel to the primary span. A typical sizing of the product has demonstrated a 2hr fire resistance rating Problems can also be avoided with the fire performance of the adhesives in CLT, as DLT is a homogenous product. PERMISSIBLE COMPLIANCE ROUTE
Consequence Class
Consequences of Failure
Occupancy of residential buildings
Guidance Base
Performance Base
Class 1
Low
Single occupancy house not exceeding 4 storeys
Yes
Yes
Class 2A
Low to medium
5 storey single occupancy houses Flats, apartments and other residential buildings not exceeding 4 storeys
Yes
Yes
Upper risk group (medium)
Hotels, flats, apartments and other residential buildings greater than 4 storeys but not exceeding 15 storeys
Yes
High
No residential buildings
No
Class 2B
Class 3
The proposal is also under 11m in height which means it avoids the regulations surrounding the combustibility of external cladding. Nevertheless, the chosen route forward, with the choice of a Yakisugi style cedar shingle means that the external cladding is also fire resistant. Wood is composed of two compounds - cellulose and
Yes
lignin. The former is softer and more reactive to fire, the latter is tougher and will only burn under much high temperatures. Through Yakisugi, the cellulose layer is burned off, exposing the lignin layer resulting in significantly increase fire resistance.
Yes
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SECTION GENERAL ARRANGE MENT
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10 | GENERAL ARRANGEMENT 10.1 | EXISTING LEVEL 00 PLAN 1
The exit from the masterplan is underused. It also significantly increases the required width of Pancras Road. The underpass into the masterplan is a grim entrance.
2
Green space which has not been well-managed. This is assumed to be because this is considered the "back" of the masterplan.
3
The width of the public realm is uncomfortable when considering the speed of vehicles moving along the road. the urban environment does not encourage drivers to slow.
4
A boundary wall removes any chance of connection through to the estate. This bounds an underused carpark.
5
Ancillary shed. Ownership is unclear, but the building is in poor condition and sits separate to the listed structure.
7 6
5 4
3
6/7 Connection through to Cooper Lane Estate. These are potentially beautiful public realm spaces but currently not maintained. 8
1
Party wall condition with council building. A number of the properties have been purchased by their occupiers.
2
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10 | GENERAL ARRANGEMENT 10.2 | DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
INTENSIVE 1.1
INTENSIVE 1.2
INTENSIVE 1.3
Based on a concept put forward by HTA designs and Apex Airspace, this
The project moved to focus on the listed structure within the estate boundary,
A focus on modularity began here with a single 45sq.m shell proposed. The
initial design development looked at extending the height of existing timber
focusing on how the roof form related to the existing building. It begn to
internal layouts would then adapt to the needs of the new resident. The
buildings within Camden to create additional housing and increase density of
question height and internal layouts, as well as how the end user could design
aesthetic was one of houses sats on this facade, rather than a single proposal.
these estates.
out their home.
INTENSIVE 1.4
INTENSIVE 2.2
INTENSIVE 2.3
INTENSIVE 3.1
This was development of the previous design looking at how other roof spaces
This intensive focused on how the building would be assembled, exploring the
The design work took a step back to understand its objectives. The approach
Focus jumped on to materiality and construction. This was the base for more detailed design work and although changes have been made and other pieces added,
would be incorporated into the design. It also explored the ground floor uses
flexibility of the layouts and the residual space for amenity and community.
shifted direction to establish a single piece sat on these arches, which would
the overall appearance has not strayed to far from this image. A darker top and lighter bottom, which contrasts the language of St Pancras Hotel and Station but
and how the community could benefit from them.
The external appearence did not progress within this period.
create greater internal flexibility.
keeps a similar material palette.
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10 | GENERAL ARRANGEMENT 10.3 | PROPOSAL OVERVIEW
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10 | GENERAL ARRANGEMENT 10.4 | PROPOSED LEVEL 00 PLAN
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10 | GENERAL ARRANGEMENT 10.5 | PROPOSED LEVEL 01 PLAN
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10 | GENERAL ARRANGEMENT 10.6 | PROPOSED LEVEL 02 PLAN
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10 | GENERAL ARRANGEMENT 10.7 | PROPOSED LEVEL 03 PLAN
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10 | GENERAL ARRANGEMENT 10.8 | PROPOSED LEVEL 04 PLAN
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10 | GENERAL ARRANGEMENT 10.9 | PROPOSED LEVEL 05 PLAN
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10 | GENERAL ARRANGEMENT 10.10 | PROPOSED ROOF PLAN
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10 | GENERAL ARRANGEMENT 10.11 | ELEVATIONS
the form of the building is consistent throughout its 130m length. the play and playfulness of the design comes through in the arrangement of windows, the ground scape (not seen here) and the placement of balconies.
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10 | GENERAL ARRANGEMENT 10.12 | SECTIONS
concept level sections through key conditions which explore the arrangement of spaces. these drawings are replicated in greater detail within Section 16.
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10 | GENERAL ARRANGEMENT 10.13 | AERIAL VIEW
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10 | GENERAL ARRANGEMENT 10.13 | AERIAL VIEW
the library / community space turns the southern corner
opposite the exit from the masterplan, a small public square creates relief from the road which planting and play
small pavilions allow for workspaces and storage to move out of the main proposal
the cycle route extends past the proposal to rejoin Pancras Road
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10 | GENERAL ARRANGEMENT 10.14 | VIEW FROM SOUTH
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SECTION STRUCTURAL APPROACH
11
[]
100 11 | STRUCTURAL APPROACH 178 11.1 | CONCEPTUAL OVERVIEW
FACADE RETENTION WITH GROUND FLOOR COLUMNS
POTENTIAL DESIGN FOR THE COLUMNS WHICH TAPER AS
TO CREATE A FREE SPAN ALLOWING MORE FLEXIBLE
THEY PULL AWAY FROM THE FLOOR TO FOLLOW THE SAME
COMMERCIAL SPACE
GRADIENT OF CURVE AS THE PANCRAS ARCHES
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101 11 | STRUCTURAL APPROACH 178 11.2 | IMPORTANCE OF THE BAY The structural grid aligns with that of the listed arches. the bay becomes the driver for all the internal layouts.
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102 11 | STRUCTURAL APPROACH 178 11.3 | DEVELOPMENT OF THE ASSEMBLY PROCESS
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103 11 | STRUCTURAL APPROACH 178 11.4 | THE ASSEMBLY PROCESS
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104 11 | STRUCTURAL APPROACH 178 11.5 | STRUCTURAL INTENT
A concept level study of the structural intent of the relationship between the proposal and the listed arches below - from Intensive 3.1
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105 11 | STRUCTURAL APPROACH 178 11.6 | EXPLODED STRUCTURE
280
kgCO2e/m2
excluding sequestration
-140
kgCO2e/m2
including sequestration
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106 11 | STRUCTURAL APPROACH 178 11.7 | SECTION THROUGH STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
DOWEL LAMINATED TIMBER
CROSS LAMINATED TIMBER
GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER
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12
SECTION RESIDENTIAL LAYOUTS
[]
108 12 | RESIDENTIAL LAYOUTS 178 12.1 | EXAMINATION OF SPACE STANDARDS 140
Research shows that decreases in space may lead to decreases in subjective well-being but increases in space may not lead to increases in subjective well-being. It also shows that individuals are deriving subjective well-being from having more space than other people, as opposed to having more space in itself. In this case, minimum space standards are unlikely to have much effect on societal well-being in the UK, as what matters is the distribution of living space, rather than absolute levels of living space. As Wilkinson and Pickett (2009) state, ‘‘Greater inequality seems to heighten people’s social evaluation anxieties by increasing the importance of social status’’( pp. 33–34). A more equal distribution of living space could reduce the anxiety of those with relatively low levels of space, and mitigate conspicuous consumption of (green) space that arises from social comparisons.
J Happiness Stud (2017) 18:427–461 DOI 10.1007/s10902-016-9732-2 RESEARCH PAPER
The Relationship Between Size of Living Space and Subjective Well-Being
Abstract Against a background of shrinking new homes and forebodings of ‘‘rabbit hutch Britain’’, the relationship between size of living space and subjective well-being has never been more topical in the UK. Using the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) and fixed effects regressions, this paper is the first to examine this relationship comprehensively. Two pathways are proposed between space and subjective well-being. First, space facilitates values and activities. Second, space signals wealth which in turn influences social status. It is proposed that wealth is a more important determinant of status for men than women, and that pathway two is therefore gendered. Part one of the paper examines the effect of a change in number of rooms per person on housing satisfaction and subjective well-being in the BHPS as a whole. Despite having a similar effect on the housing satisfaction of both genders, an increase in living space has only a (weak) positive linear effect on the life satisfaction and mental health of men. This suggests that space affects subjective well-being through pathway two, status. Part two of the paper tracks the housing satisfaction and subjective well-being over time of those individuals who move for ‘‘larger accommodation’’. Consistent with various theories of adaptation, housing satisfaction increases in the year of the move; then decreases slightly before levelling out. Moving for ‘‘larger accommodation’’ has no positive impact on subjective well-being. Overall the results imply a weak positive relationship between size of living space and subjective wellbeing, but only for men.
5 BED 7 PERSON 4 BED 7 PERSON 5 BED 6 PERSON 100
4 BED 6 PERSON 3 BED 6 PERSON 4 BED 5 PERSON
Keywords Housing Size of living space Subjective well-being Living conditions Life satisfaction Adaptation
3 BED 5 PERSON & Chris Foye c.foye@pgr.reading.ac.uk Department of Real Estate and Planning, Henley Business School, University of Reading, Reading, UK
80
123
3 BED 4 PERSON 2 BED 4 PERSON
WILL MICRO-HOMES LEAD TO LESS OR MORE HAPPINESS?
2 BED 3 PERSON
60
This research would appear to support the idea that micro-homes would, at the least, not diminish the wellbeing of middle income single Londoners. Moreover, the status that comes from living in the centre of London would likely lead to higher subjective wellbeing. Also, note that the location and the additional communal facilities — roof terrace and space to entertain, for instance — that are one of the key amenities that we suggest should come with micro-home developments would increase a person’s capabilities48. Therefore, the likelihood is that, considered holistically, living in a micro-home will increase a person’s subjective wellbeing.
1 BED 2 PERSON
Another researcher, a psychologist in the US who has been investigating tiny homes, believes they could be good for people. ‘‘What’s cool about tiny homes is that the entire space is sort of a broadcast of some sort of value that you hold in relation to homes, sustainability, and how you’re living your life,’’ says Lindsay Graham, a research specialist at the Center for the Built Environment at UC Berkeley’s College of Environmental Design.
40
1 BED 1 PERSON
We would agree. For Londoners, living in a micro-home would broadcast the sort of values you hold: being as close to the centre of town so that you can live the London life as best as possible. Two other psychologists believe that ‘tiny home villages’ may well create more happiness. Because tiny homes encourage people to be outside of their own spaces, Brandon Irwin and Julia Day at Kansas State University believe they may help foster community and stimulate physical activity. They are currently travelling the US to visit tiny home villages and find out. Note that their work is principally about rural tiny home villages — but we believe it’s simple to see how ‘vertical villages’ of micro-homes could do the same. More research is required. However, based on existing studies, a reasonable hypothesis is that:
• UPHOLDING THE CURRENT SPACE STANDARDS IS ESSENTIAL FOR FAMILIES.
NDSS
2015
GLA
2010
LHDG
2010
NHF
2008
HCA:HQI
2007
ENGLISH PARTNERSHIP
2005
https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-52775386
SCHEME DEVELOPMENT
In support of this point, consider the importance of location — and all that handy location brings — for bringing happiness. This is outlined, albeit in a small study whose case studies were students, in Elizabeth W. Dunn, Timothy D. Wilson, Daniel T. Gilbert, Location, Location, Location: The Misprediction of Satisfaction in Housing Lotteries, PSPB, Vol. 29 No. 11, November 2003 1421-1432. DOI: 10.1177/0146167203256867.
1993
48
PARKER MORRIS
• THE CURRENT SPACE STANDARDS ARE NOT RELEVANT FOR URBAN SINGLES.
1961
• MICRO-HOMES WILL DELIVER THE SORT OF EXPERIENCES AND STATUS THAT IS GOOD FOR THE WELLBEING OF SINGLE ADULTS.
20 HOUSING MANUAL
1
4 BED 8 PERSON 6 BED 7 PERSON
Published online: 18 March 2016 The Author(s) 2016. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com
1949
A further thought is that if social housing becomes more prevalent, the disparities in space provision between locations and boroughs can be more closely monitored, potentially leading to greater equality and hopefully an improvement in societal well-being. The housing market puts a premium on space, whether that space is owned or rented.
5 BED 8 PERSON
120
1
This set of research has influenced the development of my design work moving from a ubiquitous unit type to providing a variety of units which adapt to the requirements of the housing register. The proposed layouts have moved from just larger than the current minimum housing standards to something more typical of the English Partnership (2005) which allows for greater post-COVID19 opportunities to include working from home spaces within each unit. Whilst micro=homes may have been "relevant for urban singles" they are not pandemic appropriate and mental wellbeing should be prioritised in a society where it is more than likely that we will see a similar situation in our lifetime1
6 BED 6 PERSON
Chris Foye1
is this research irrelevant post covid19 & should covid19 change our understanding? the answer to both is probably yes.
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109 12 | RESIDENTIAL LAYOUTS 178 12.2 | OVERVIEW OF LAYOUT DEVELOPMENT
1 BED 1 PERSON 40sq.m LHDG Compliant: Not listed
6100
6100
1 BED 2 PERSON 55sq.m LHDG Compliant: Yes
3 BED 5 PERSON 92sq.m LHDG Compliant: Yes
6100
6100
3 BED 4 PERSON 77sq.m LHDG Compliant: Yes
2 BED 4 PERSON 77sq.m LHDG Compliant: Yes
6100
6100
3 BED 5 PERSON 83sq.m LHDG Compliant: No
6100
1 BED 1 PERSON 37sq.m LHDG Compliant: Not listed
1 BED 2 PERSON 51sq.m LHDG Compliant: Yes
6100
6100
2 BED 4 PERSON 71sq.m LHDG Compliant: Yes
3 BED 4 PERSON 83sq.m LHDG Compliant: Yes
6100
2 BED 1 PERSON 45sq.m LHDG Compliant: No
ITERATION 05 BEST LIVING
6100
6100
6100
1 BED 1 PERSON 30sq.m LHDG Compliant: Not listed
2 BED 3 PERSON 57sq.m LHDG Compliant: No
6100
2 BED 2 PERSON 45sq.m LHDG Compliant: No
1 BED 2 PERSON 43sq.m LHDG Compliant: No
ITERATION 04 BETTER LIVING
6100
ITERATION 03 MADE OF MODULES
1 BED 2 PERSON 43sq.m LHDG Compliant: No
6100
2 BED 3 PERSON 45sq.m LHDG Compliant: No
ITERATION 02 SINGLE TYPE
6100
ITERATION 01 MAISONETTE UNITS
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0-4 YRS
Location Preferences
Financial Preferences
Location Preferences
Financial Preferences
close to victoria line within camden borough
up to £500 a month in rent
access to parks limited air pollution
none
1105-9 YRS12 | RESIDENTIAL LAYOUTS 17810-14 YRS 12.3 | ITERATION 01 flexible payments no additional charges
15-19 YRS 20-24 YRS
AMY LANETT (27) ADMIN ASSISTANT JOE ADAMS (26) NURSE
Preferences bedroom chen area ng area ated
Facility Preferences gym source of local produce NO space QUALIFICATIONS potential to work from home
NVQ LEVEL 1-5
COURTENEY GIBSON (26) GRAPHIC DESIGNER MAE ANDERSON (23) SPORTS THERAPIST
KUSAL SUBASINGHE (24) NEW RESIDENT GAME DESIGNER
NEW RESIDENT
suitability for ST PANCRAS ROAD
NEW RESIDENT
NEW RESIDENT
JACK LYCKE (31) RECRUITER SARAH PINNICK (28) TRAINEE LAWYER suitability for ST PANCRAS ROAD LIAM (2) suitability for ST PANCRAS ROAD Spatial Preferences Facility Preferences large office cycle storage good natural lighting communal working Spatial Preferences Facility one bedroom spacesPreferences double bedroom crecheto hire space single bedroom work from home facility lots of storage access to network of Location Preferences no carpet young families close to public transport Financial Preferences quiet
flexible payments option to lease furniture Financial Preferences none
n Preferences victoria line
Financial Preferences LEVEL up toA £500 a month in
Location Preferences access to parks
amden borough
rent flexible payments APPRENTICESHIP
limited air pollution
suitability for ST PANCRAS ROAD
Spatial Preferences two bedrooms ensuite good acoustic finish decorated work from home area
Facility Preferences community groups community spaces for hire connection to existing communities
Location Preferences access to parks/green
Financial Preferences
space nearby cycle routes
possibility to rent additional space for
good air quality
storage £700 a month rent max
01
01
no additional charges
02
NEW RESIDENT
Preferences ffice tural lighting
room
n Preferences public transport
VIEW 01
NEW RESIDENT COURTENEY GIBSON (26) GRAPHIC DESIGNER MAE ANDERSON (23) SPORTS THERAPIST
KUSAL SUBASINGHE (24) GAME DESIGNER
suitability for ST PANCRAS ROAD
SECTION 01
02
suitability for ST PANCRAS ROAD
Facility Preferences cycle storage communal working
Spatial Preferences
Facility Preferences
two bedrooms ensuite
community groups community spaces for
spaces space to hire
good acoustic finish decorated
hire connection to existing
work from home area
communities
Financial Preferences
Location Preferences
flexible payments option to lease furniture
access to parks/green
Financial Preferences
space nearby cycle routes good air quality
possibility to rent additional space for storage £700 a month rent max
SECTION 01
VIEW 02
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12 | RESIDENTIAL LAYOUTS 12.5 | ITERATION 02
This study looked at entire flat layouts and how they would be arranged against the structural grid to create a range of flat types. The problem with this approach is constructibility on a tight site. The image on the left (from Intensive 2.3) explores the idea of transporting the modules to the site as modules, these layouts are not designed for that, and so require additional time on a constrained site.
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12 | RESIDENTIAL LAYOUTS 12.4 | ITERATION 03
A
Entrance Bathroom Storage Kitchen
B
These are the six module types which when connected together create four types offlat layouts.They are all oversized so when connected the layouts are at least 5m2 over the minimum spaces standards set out in the London Housing Design Guide.
Entrance Bathroom Bedroom
C
Store Bedroom
A
1 BED STUDIO
B
1 BED 2 PEOPLE
D
2 BED 4 PEOPLE
B C D
3 BED 5 PEOPLE
B
D
Living Dining Kitchen
E
Store WC Bedroom
E C F
F
Living Dining Kitchen
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12 | RESIDENTIAL LAYOUTS 12.5 | ITERATION 04
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SECTION LIMINAL SPACES
[]
wider community have influence over aesthetic of the development & commercial uses along the ground floor
115 13 | LIMINAL SPACES 178 13.1 | TYPES OF SPACE
40 residents & the existing community have control over ground floor communal & commercial uses
public space workshops
collaborate
co-working
open
service
flexible
recreation
learn
community events (large scale)
public events
wider communal space dedicated spaces
engage
function spaces
purpose
community events (small scale)
beneficial for all
20 residents have control over the uses and layout of the communal spaces within their residential lobby An old tutor of mine, Wendy Pullan, use to talk about the thresholds of spaces as being either thick or thin. This was not a physical description.
5 residents have control over the communal spaces within their corridor
Thin meant it had a poor social performance. The thin threshold was a wall with a door, on one side you were in one space, on the other side, you had transitioned. It was either / or, there was no room to engage.
resident has control over their flat layout both through the design process and over its lifetime
A thick boundary of the other hand allowed for a mingling of activities from either side. It was more fluid and the transition was softer. This proposals attempts to create a thick boundary. As a resident you don't emerge from your home into the street, there are steps and stages which transition you from private to public and give you options of how to engage. That is how, according to my research, you create a happy city.
immediate communal space cook & eat
young & old
play & socialise
new & existing
clusters
smaller scale
personal space focus sleep
threshold studies from my undergrad
relax
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13 | LIMINAL SPACES 13.2 | URBAN SPACE AND MENTAL HEALTH
Based on the research completed for the literature review (author, 2019) looking at happiness in our urban centres. REFER TO: Analysis of Montgomery's Happy City, completed earlier in the portfolio.
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13 | LIMINAL SPACES 13.3 | SPATIAL EXPERIENCE & ITS IMPACTS
Based on the ideas and research discussed on the previous page, I wanted to understand how I experienced the places I frequent most in my local vicinity, and what measurable factors could be acquired which could explain those experiences. Two key factors stood out for these particular factors. The sound levels, which ultimately came down to the wall finishes and furnishings, and the connection to the outside, and whether than connection was pleasant.
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RACTION
13 | LIMINAL SPACES 13.4 | DESIGNING PRIVACY
[]
06 10the result of COVID19, our workplaces and work As habits have changed, quite possibly for the long term. The pandemic has proven that working remotely is a possibility for many professions. With that opportunity there comes many challenges. Many of our homes are not equipped or suitable to function as offices.
PROPOSED INTERACTION
- AUTOMATED ADJUSTABLE PRIVACY
To be able to work and live efficiently we need the ability to be able to choose privacy. This charrette looks to propose a system for a flexible environmental-responsive partition which reacts to the changing needs of its users. It allows for privacy in an open plan space, it's sensitivity is controlled by the user and it's 'opacity 'controlled by sound levels. The kecthes to the right depict the initial concept and ideas behind the detailed drawings on the following pages.
STABLE PRIVACY
University Booth
Pocket Living, Covent Garden
Vank Wall Boxes
Intelligent Glass
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[] 09 10
50mm
INTENSIVE 1.3 - SECOND CONCEPT a facade system which expands & contracts to improve 212.5mm
225mm
privacy & acoustics. it is designed to be much lighter,
245mm
using paper as the main material. 245mm
225mm
50mm
212.5mm
212.5mm
The drawings and sketches on this page describe the process from initial concept to design the algorithm for controlling a dynamic and environment-responsive partition. Although the product was not fully developed many of the ideas and lessons from it were carried forward.
280mm
VARIABLES
COMPUTER
SENSES CHANGE IN VOLUME, LIGHT & PROXIMITY
VOLUME
280mm
SENSING INPUT DEVICE
300mm
150mm
LIGHT
225mm
245mm
PRIVACY
NEMA 17 STEPPER MOTOR
212.5mm
CAM SYSTEM: CONNECTION TO A
The video below shows the system responding to light and sound input from an arduino board. Scaled up and produced with the right material this could be an effective mechanism.
A CONNECTION TO B
300mm
212.5mm
INPUT TO OUTPUT DEVICE
CONTROLS THE THRESHOLD AT WHICH THE PROCESS BEGINS
A
245mm
280mm
300mm
OPTIMISER
300mm
150mm
B
A
A MORE SUBTLE APPROACH 50mm
212.5mm
SPEED | TEXTURE | ATMOSPHERE
INTENSIVE 1.3 - PRIMARY CONCEPT
INNER COVER
a facade system which expands & contracts to improve
50mm
privacy & acoustics. this is a clunky & heavy design with lots of moving parts. hence the move & redesign to the
8.5mm
105mm
piece above.
12 LE A V E S TO C LO S E IRIS VARIABLES VOLUME
N E M A 17 S TE P P E R M O TO R
SENSING INPUT DEVICE
COMPUTER
SENSES CHANGE IN VOLUME, LIGHT & PROXIMITY
LIGHT
75mm 50mm
PRIVACY
150mm
INPUT TO OUTPUT DEVICE
O U TE R C O V E R
OPTIMISER CONTROLS THE THRESHOLD AT WHICH THE PROCESS BEGINS
G E A R #1 D P 665m m G E A R #2 D P 75m m
25mm
10mm
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120 13 | LIMINAL SPACES 178 13.5 | DESIGN ITERATIONS
1
2
4
3
Clockwise 1. An iteration of the stair core, exploring how the space would relate to the internal corridor and help bring light into the depth of the building 2. Potential arrangement of the top floor of the library / community building. the small footprint develops a private work and study space to be shared by the community and residents 3. A first pass at the structure along the ground floor. Glulam columns hold up the residential units above creating a free span for a range of spaces opening out on to the public realm 4. Looking into and through a home. this is from an early iteration which explored the potential for "through" units in the scheme creating dual aspects.
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13 | LIMINAL SPACES 13.6 | FROM PUBLIC TO PRIVATE A concept sketch from early on the design process exploring how the spacious cores could be used to make a series of connections from the privacy of the home to the public nature of the street and the road. It explores the intention of the new public realm as a visual and auditory barrier to the road, and the stack ventilation created by the void running through the stair cores. 360o panoramic view from the top floor of the stair core
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122 13 | LIMINAL SPACES 178 13.7 | STAIR CORE DEVELOPMENT The multipurpose focus of these vertical access spaces has been developed over a number of intensives. Shifting from simply being a point of access and circulation the two cores now hold the opportunity for interaction and engagement and create a mediation between the privacy of the home and the exposure of the public realm. Combined with a number of ground floor amenities these areas provide another opportunity for residents to vary how they work (and live).
from intensive 1.4 single access route sandwiched between the units and the party wall
from intensive 2.3 dedicated core space within void with communal areas in spare floorplate
from intensive 3.1 central focus of the core spaces become these communal areas, with focus on daylight and a beneficial acoustic atmosphere.
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123 13 | LIMINAL SPACES 178 13.8 | STAIR CORE & SHARED SPACE
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SECTION GROUND FLOOR
[]
125 14 | GROUND FLOOR 178 14.1 | EXISTING USES
The existing ground floor of Pancras Road Arches hosts a number of functions as well as being partially derelict. One of its occupants is a small antiques supplier who occupies 6 of the arches, over the ground and an informal mezzanine floor. The new proposal looks to reincorporate this shop as well as provide much needed storage and office space.
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126 14 | GROUND FLOOR 178 14.2 | PROPOSED USE 01
Launderettes as a community service (run by the community) but also as a space for engagement and conversation
01 LAUNDERETTE - a communal service that removes the need for individual washing machines from each flat. - the service is open to the local community as well. - it is managed and run by residents of the
Launderettes as a community service (run by the community) but also as a space for engagement and conversation
proposal - servicing and repair of machines becomes easier to manage by the council.
02 BIKE REPAIR SERVICE - a central service owned by the council who employ and train a resident(s) to run the space. It is then accessible and subsidised for local residents.
Bike repair store / station provide a dedicated space and service which help to reduce overall costs of cycling. It provides an employment and training opportunity.
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127 14 | GROUND FLOOR 178 14.3 | PROPOSED USE 02
03 CRECHE - a communal space to ideally be run by residents from the proposal or community. costs are to be subsidised by the council to help working families within the local vicinity. - there is a protected playspace to the west which is sheltered and overlooked by residents from both the proposed intervention and the Cooper Lane Estate. - the space is designed for toddlers to younger children aiming to take in ages 0 - 5 years.
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128 14 | GROUND FLOOR 178 14.4 | PROPOSED USE 03
03 COMMUNAL KITCHEN - a communal space to be used by residents of the proposal, but also open to local community use / events etc. - managed by the council, so maintenance and repairs are funded by them. - allows space for cooking as well as communal dining. - security of access may be of concern, so doors will be locked between 11PM and 7AM unless otherwise requested. - the site requires a maintenance /security officer
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129 14 | GROUND FLOOR 178 14.5 | EXTERNAL DESIGN APPROACH
a view looking from the exit of the masterplan under the rail lines, towards the proposal. the new planters form a barrier to the road with entrances and connections through
a cycle lane becomes part of the protected public realm, with a surface shared by pedestrians
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130 14 | GROUND FLOOR 178 14.6 | DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
Initial proposal for extending the public realm. the additional space becomes a biodiverse corridor and barrier to the road with little other purpose. studies on other projects (within FCBS) show that foliage alone is not a particularly efficient acoustic protection measure.
second iteration explores the introduction of a number of pavilion into the same space to create a physical acoustic block. the biodiversity is maintained through green roofscapes and an abundance of planting along the ground floor.
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[] 131 178
14 | GROUND FLOOR 14.7 | A NEW STREET
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15
SECTION DETAILED DRAWINGS
15 | DETAILED DESIGN 15.1 | GROUND FLOOR (SOUTH)
A B C D E F G H
CAFE / LIBRARY ENTRANCE COUNCIL HUB COMMUNAL KITCHEN BIKE REPAIR SHOP RESIDENTIAL CORE LAUNDERETTE COMMUNITY ROOM CRECHE
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15 | DETAILED DESIGN 15.1 | GROUND FLOOR (NORTH)
H J K L M N
CRECHE INDEPENDENT SHOP REPAIR SHOP RESIDENTIAL CORE WORKSHOP CAFE & BAKERY
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15 | DETAILED DESIGN 15.2 | FIRST FLOOR (SOUTH)
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15 | DETAILED DESIGN 15.2 | FIRST FLOOR (NORTH)
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15 | DETAILED DESIGN 15.3 | SECOND FLOOR (SOUTH)
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15 | DETAILED DESIGN 15.3 | SECOND FLOOR (NORTH)
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15 | DETAILED DESIGN 15.4 | THIRD FLOOR (SOUTH)
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15 | DETAILED DESIGN 15.4 | THIRD FLOOR (NORTH)
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15 | DETAILED DESIGN 15.5 | FOURTH FLOOR (SOUTH)
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15 | DETAILED DESIGN 15.5 | FOURTH FLOOR (NORTH)
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15 | DETAILED DESIGN 15.6 | FIFTH FLOOR (NORTH)
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15 | DETAILED DESIGN 15.6 | FIFTH FLOOR (SOUTH)
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15 | DETAILED DESIGN 15.7 | ROOF (SOUTH)
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15 | DETAILED DESIGN 15.8 | ROOF (NORTH)
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16
SECTION CONDITIONS
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148 16 | CONDITIONS 178 16.1 | CONDITION OVERVIEW
A Through one of two residential cores exploring the access route create between Midlands Road and Cooper Lane Estate B Through the residential units looking at the impact of the part wall condition along the western elevation. C Through the residential units looking at the connection to the public realm developed on either side of the development D Exploring the differing approach to the community piece which turns the southern corner.
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149 16 | CONDITION 178 16.2 | CONDITION A - RESIDENTIAL CORE
D5
D4
D3
D10 D2
D1
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150 16 | CONDITION 178 16.3 | CONDITION B - RESIDENTIAL UNITS
D6
D15
D3 D11
D2
D9
D7
D1
D8
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[] 151 178
16 | CONDITION 16.4 | CONDITION C - RESIDENTIAL UNITS
D6
D15
D3 D11
D2
D9
D1
D8
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152 16 | CONDITION 178 16.5 | CONDITION D - LIBRARY
D16
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17
SECTION DETAILED DESIGN
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154 17 | DETAILED DESIGN 178 17.1 | MATERIALITY REFERENCES
The external cladding is a dark timber shingle. The Japanese Yakisugi technique chars typically cedar shingles to get the rich texture that is needed to contrast the red brick of the listed arches beneath. The charring removes the cellulose from the outermost layer of the timber, leaving the blackened lignin behind. This layer is far more robust and resistant to fire damage, with a life span of well over 100 years if treated correctly. The practice of treating the roof and base differently is seen down the road at an extension to the original St Pancras Hotel. The metal cladding is in keeping with the rest of the hotel, and contrasts the red brick. However, rather than a darker material, the lighter zinc helps reflect the light.
Strandparken, Sundbyberg, Sweden
Gingerbread House by Laura Dew
Shou Sugi Ban Round Shingles
Shou Sugi Ban Charred Panels
St Pancras Hotel, Pancras Road Elevation
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155 17 | DETAILED DESIGN 178 17.2 | ITERATIVE PROCESS
This is the first iteration of a detailed study of the construction of the proposal - undertaken during Intensive 3.2. Whilst not particularly successful, it established a set of questions and aims to be addressed within Intensive 3.3. It also highlighted the importance of the relationship of the public realm with both the road and the proposal. These elements are developed over this section.
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156 17 | DETAILED DESIGN 178 17.2 | ITERATIVE PROCESS
glulam column connection to dlt floor slab
glulam column connection to concrete foot
clipping the roof into the walls to pull everything together
connection between the floor plat and the party wall, with a bench carved into the space
the detail around inset balconies. this is later swapped for clip on balconies to avoid thermal bridging and improve form factor
exploring the connection of the new structure to the existing wall
the connection at the pitch of the roof, looking at howtension and compression forms a secure connection
the detail around inset balconies. this is later swapped for clip on balconies to avoid thermal bridging and improve form factor
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157 17 | DETAILED DESIGN 178 17.3 | DETAIL 01 - EXISTING WALL / NEW FLOOR Level 02 +6.250m AOD 3587.50mm
REPAIR & REUSE - cleaning and repair of the stone dressings - cleaning and repointment of the brickwork (original 1895 red brick in english bond) - restoration of the decorative metal work around the window openings, to be integrated into new triple glazed windows.
2530mm
INTERVENTIONS - external dividers and trellis works between flats which integrates a visual identity for the
1740mm
commercial / community units along the ground floor. This is of greater importance where balconies are located. - deep internal window reveals create opportunities for workspace or bespoke seating arrangements.
Level 01 +3.100m AOD
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158 17 | DETAILED DESIGN 178 17.4 | DETAIL 02 - EXISTING WALL / NEW FLOOR
precast concrete element coloured to match brick details
1
triple glazed window (rationel auraplus) window board with insulation below silicon seal with backing road
2
25mm insulation under window to improve thermal performance airtight tape fixed to window for continuous air barrier timber "keys" lock in structure
FLOOR CONSTRUCTION
flanking strips between structural connections
- wood flooring
20mm
- dowel laminated timber panel
- 2 x plasterboard
26mm
SELECT appearence grade
- fibreboard
22mm
- vapour control layer
- wood fibre insulation
250mm
- wood fibre insulation
masonry joist hangar remedial masonry wall ties potential thermal bridge. this has resolved in later designs
WALL CONSTRUCTION
- dowel laminated timber panel (span: 3.6m) SELECT appearence grade
150mm
140mm
- dowel laminated timber panel 300mm
INDUSTRIAL appearence grade
150mm
- wood fibre insulation Total
618mm
incl breather membrane
200mm
- ventilated cavity
50mm
- existing brick facade
440mm
Total 1:10 @ A1
incl existing facade
690mm 1130mm
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159 17 | DETAILED DESIGN 178 17.5 | DETAIL 03 - NEW WALL / NEW FLOOR
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160 17 | DETAILED DESIGN 178 17.6 | DETAIL 04 - NEW WALL / NEW ROOF
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17 | DETAILED DESIGN 17.7 | DETAIL 05 - ROOF PITCH
rooflights restricted to communal areas where maintenance access is easier.
axo exploring the positioning of roof lights above the stair wells and communal amenity spaces. the atrium of these cores then extends down to the ground floor carrying down the daylight.
assembly process of the roof structure. this aligns with the assembly of the walls and floors.
ROOF CONSTRUCTION
- SHOU-SUGI-BAN timber shingles
south west facing roof scape maximised for PV coverage.
approx 10mm
- battens 24 x 48mm
24mm
- counter battens 48 x 48mm
48mm
- secondary water proofing
3mm
- wood fibre insulation and battens
100mm
- dowel laminated timber panel (span: 3.6mm)
100mm
- wood fibre insulaton and battens
140mm
- dowel laminated timber panel (span: 3.6mm)
100mm
Total
525mm
angle also ensures no overshadowing of the existing building.
pulling roof line back from the front edge reduces the apparent mass, emphasising the grade II listed structure
proposal
cooper lane estate
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162 17 | DETAILED DESIGN 178 17.8 | DETAIL 06 - NEW WALL - NEW BALCONY
hidden gutter balcony tied back to structural frame Yakisugi timber shingles shallow window reveals provide greater internal space thin but tall window reduce risk of internal overheating whilst maximising daylight (see previous research) triple glazed window (rationel auraplus) window board with insulation below silicon seal with backing road 25mm insulation under window to improve thermal performance
balcony depth create solar shading for the floors below whilst not removing daylight
windows at L02 sit behind the parapet along which external amenity is created
airtight tape fixed to window for continuous air barrier timber "keys" lock in structure clt panel tied back to structural frame
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line of structure above
163 17 | DETAILED DESIGN 178 17.9 | DETAIL 07 - EXISTING WALL - NEW BALCONY
introduction of timber reveal with cavity closer
clt balcony forms connection which "locks" the grade II listed structure to the dlt structure
retention of existing window line with repair to brickwork triple glazed window (rationel auraplus) window board with insulation below drainage solution within clt panel reinstatement of ironwork to match 1850s design intent airtight tape fixed to window for continuous air barrier glulam beam (450x450mm) clt panel tied back to structural frame
FLOOR CONSTRUCTION - wood flooring
20mm
- insulation
50mm
- orientated strand board
20mm
- dowel laminated timber panel (span: 1.8m) INDUSTRIAL appearence grade
300mm
- ventilated cavity
20mm
- wood fibre insulation
150mm
- fibreboard
22mm
- 2 x plasterboard
26mm
- timber ceiling
14mm
Total
622mm
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164 17 | DETAILED DESIGN 178 17.10 | DETAIL 08 - GLULAM STRUCTURE
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165 17 | DETAILED DESIGN 178 17.11 | DETAIL 09 - GLULAM STRUCTURE
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166 17 | DETAILED DESIGN 178 17.12 | DETAIL 10 - STAIR CORE
COMMUNAL CORES
STAIR CONSTRUCTION
- a mix of fixed and loose furniture occupy
- floors and landings secured into the core
the core spaces. these exist away from the
walls
circulations providing a semi-public
- stringer secured between floor and landings
amenity space for residents to use.
-tread and baluster form connection with the
- additional furniture can be provided at the request of the residents - storage, desks, lighting etc.
stringer. the tread slides into the stringer and is then locked with the baluster. - handrail connects balusters to form 'lock'
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167 17 | DETAILED DESIGN 178 17.13 | DETAIL 11 - 1 BED 1 PERSON window area to floor area ratio target < 25%
11%
BATHROOM 4.4sq.m BEDROOM 12.5sq.m
SERVICING + MEP - the flat is serviced by an MVHR unit which exchanges through the facade to the east
window area to wall area ratio
across the access route. This is a necessity in
target = 10-15%
ventilating the flat due to the high fabric
12%
efficiency of the facade.
- each unit has a HIU which distributes heat from a central plant room to provide domestic hot water on demand.
MVHR + HIU 2.1sq.m
- both of these units, as well as the bathroom
1 BED STUDIO 48sq.m
plumbing can be accessed from the corridor. This means during servicing the client (Camden council or any housing association) does not need to enter the flat, minimising delay.
LIVING / KITCHEN / DINING 21.9sq.m
BALCONY 5sq.m
designed for Kusal Preference for a large single bedroom and the ability to work from home. He did not want a dedicated office space, but enough flexibility to be able to introduce a dedicted work station at a later date. To accompany this, he was also looking for a well daylit apartment.
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168 17 | DETAILED DESIGN 178 17.13 | DETAIL 11 - 1 BED 1 PERSON
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169 17 | DETAILED DESIGN 178 17.14 | DETAIL 14 - 3 BED 5 PERSON window area to floor area ratio target < 25%
11%
- Servicing becomes slightly trickier in the north of the site
BATHROOM 4.4sq.m
MVHR + HIU 2.1sq.m
SERVICING + MEP
BATHROOM 4.9sq.m
STORE 35sq.m window area to wall area ratio
where the access route borders
target = 10-15%
a party wall. However, due to the KITCHEN / LIVING / DINING 29.1sq.m
stacking of units within this sector, and the oversized nature
13%
of the MVHR cupboards, air duct can run up through the three floors and out through the roof.
BEDROOM 12.5sq.m
BEDROOM 12.3sq.m
BEDROOM 10.9sq.m
3 BED 5 BEDROOM 93sq.m designed for Courtney & Mae Preference for a two bedrooms and a dedicated office space. However, midway through the design process the couple received news that they were having triplets, and since BALCONY 10.3sq.m
requested additional space if possible. The office space is currently shown as a smaller bedroom, but if needed this can expand to subsume some of the living space. O l i v e r B a l d o c k | A rc h i t e c t u re A p p re nt i c e s h i p Lev e l 7
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170 17 | DETAILED DESIGN 178 17.15 | DETAIL 15 - FLEXIBLE PARTITIONS INTERNAL PARTITIONS - 25mm cross laminated timber panel - 50mm rockwool insulation - 25mm cross laminated timber panel
An acoustic performance of roughly 42dB of sound reduction, which is more than adequate for internal walls. PARTITION STRATEGY - 100mm partitons slot into a predefined grid within the structure, and are fastened with a "locking" member. - insulation and flooring then sit above this - when the arrangement needs adjusting, the lock is removed and the 1m wide panels can be taken out and repositioned.
avoiding connecting directly into the structure
timber key "locks" the partition into position
mitigates any risk to the noise and fire
DLT FLOOR the partition connection points form part of the
500mm
attenuation.
floor structure. these 50mm nibs connect to the partitions and ensure continuity is kept within the fire and acoustic strategy
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[] 171 178
17 | DETAILED DESIGN 17.16 | DETAIL 16 - LIBRARY OVERVIEW
clt structure 200mm
LEVEL 00 cafe & seating 81sq.m
LEVEL 01 physical library store 77sq.m
LEVEL 02 workspace 77sq.m
LEVEL 03 workspace / digital library 64sq.m
LEVEL 04 communal seating / workspace 35sq.m
LEVEL 05 communal seating / workspace 35sq.m
insulation 140mm yakisugi shingles
LEVEL 05 +15.700mm AOD
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172 17 | DETAILED DESIGN 178 17.16 | DETAIL 16 - LIBRARY OVERVIEW
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SECTION CONCLUSION
RESEARCH AIMS 1. To understand the impact that current regulations and frameworks have on the industry
AFFORDABLE
2. To identify the barriers stopping stakeholder from tackling their emissions 3. To discuss whether these barriers are real or perceived
£2300/sq.m
4. To expore potential opportunities arising from clean construction
ADAPTABLE variety of layouts
LOW CARBON 500kgCO2e/sq.m
O l i v e r B a l d o c k | A rc h i t e c t u re A p p re nt i c e s h i p Lev e l 7
£2,066 per sq.m
AFFORDABLE
plus a 4% cost saving over traditional construction methods
Retention and Repair of Existing Structure Frame & Core Upper Floors Roof Roof Finish Stairs External Walls / Windows / Doors / Balconies Internal Walls & Partitions Internal Doors Internal Finishes Fittings & Furnishings MEP Contingencies
Leasing, Management, Shared Spaces
£1,600k
Contingencies
£1,400k
MEP
£1,200k
Fittings / Furnishings
£800k
Ceiling Finishes
£600k
Floor Finishes
£400k
Wall Finishes
£200k
Internal Doors
£1,000k
Internal Walls & Partitions
O l i v e r B a l d o c k | A rc h i t e c t u re A p p re nt i c e s h i p Lev e l 7
3 TYPES
ADAPTABLE
? ADAPTATIONS LIVE ENERGY USE FEEDBACK
POST CONSTRUCTION SURVEY
DESIGN PROCESS
NEW RESIDENT
CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
NEW RESIDENT
AMY LANETT (27) ADMIN ASSISTANT JOE ADAMS (26) NURSE
suitability for ST PANCRAS ROAD
CONSTRUCTION COMPLETION
NEW RESIDENT
Spatial Preferences double bedroom large kitchen area large living area undecorated
Facility Preferences gym source of local produce potential space to work from home
Spatial Preferences double bedroom single bedroom lots of storage no carpet
Facility Preferences creche work from home facility access to network of young families
Location Preferences close to victoria line within camden borough
Financial Preferences up to £500 a month in rent flexible payments no additional charges
Location Preferences access to parks limited air pollution
Financial Preferences none
NEW RESIDENT COURTENEY GIBSON (26) GRAPHIC DESIGNER MAE ANDERSON (23) SPORTS THERAPIST
KUSAL SUBASINGHE (24) GAME DESIGNER
JACK LYCKE (31) RECRUITER SARAH PINNICK (28) TRAINEE LAWYER LIAM (2) suitability for ST PANCRAS ROAD
HOME OCCUPANCY
suitability for ST PANCRAS ROAD
Spatial Preferences large office good natural lighting one bedroom
Facility Preferences cycle storage communal working spaces space to hire
Location Preferences close to public transport quiet
Financial Preferences flexible payments option to lease furniture
ENERGY MODELLING FEEDBACK
SOCIAL VALUE (WEMWBS)
ENERGY USE MONITORING
CARBON EMISSIONS TRACKING
HOME IMPROVEMENT
USER SATISFACTION SURVEY
WITH CONSULTATION & DESIGN PROCESS
CONTINUED INDUSTRY RESEARCH
a design process which allows for user adaptation and feedback at all stages.
WITH HOME & FACILITIES
suitability for ST PANCRAS ROAD
Spatial Preferences two bedrooms ensuite good acoustic finish decorated work from home area
Facility Preferences community groups community spaces for hire connection to existing communities
Location Preferences access to parks/green space nearby cycle routes good air quality
Financial Preferences possibility to rent additional space for storage £700 a month rent max
LIFESTYLE IMPACT
O l i v e r B a l d o c k | A rc h i t e c t u re A p p re nt i c e s h i p Lev e l 7
280 2 kgCO2e/m
LOW CARBON * not included in total calculations
excl. sequestration Carbon Footprint of Proposal Not including Sequestration 1140
Carbon Footprint of Proposal Including Sequestration
1204
Services
1038
49
921
Carbon Footprint (tCO2)
Carbon Footprint (tCO2)
Internal finishes Internal walls
64
l a i t n e d i Res
cial emolition r e m m D Co
on* i t n e t e R
n* cial on sidential i o r i t e i t l n o m e t m m Re Re De Co
38
-24
Superstructure -893
21
-28
Upper floors
Substructure*
19
-21
Roof -610
32
-4
External walls
-589
0
55
-51
Windows
0
14
-21
52
-42 -65 0
embodied carbon of building elements (kgCO2e/m2)
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