OLIVER BALDOCK
PRESENTATION DEVELOPING AFFORDABLE ADAPTABLE LOW CARBON HOUSING
O l i v e |r Architecture B a l d o c k | A r c h Apprenticeship i t e c t u r e A p p r e n t i cLevel e s h i p LSeven evel 7 Oliver Baldock | Feilden Clegg Bradley Studios
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PRESENTATION PROJECT THEMES
DESIGN AIM AFFORDABLE
DESIGN AIM ADAPTABLE
DESIGN AIM LOW EMBODIED CARBON
DESIGN METHODOLOGY END USER ENGAGEMENT
DESIGN METHODOLOGY BUILDING REUSE & RETROFIT
CLIMATE CATASTROPHE HOUSING CRISIS
DESIGN PROJECT THESIS
RESEARCH AIM IDENTIFY BARRIERS TO REDUCING EMBODIED CARBON
RESEARCH METHOD LITERATURE REVIEW
RESEARCH OUTPUT IMPROVED ENGAGEMENT & UNDERSTANDING
RESEARCH AIM DEVELOP UNDERSTANDING
RESEARCH METHOD (PILOT) SURVEY
RESEARCH METHOD SURVEY
RESEARCH METHOD INTERVIEWS
RESEARCH METHOD DESIGN
O l i v e |r Architecture B a l d o c k | A r c h Apprenticeship i t e c t u r e A p p r e n t i cLevel e s h i p LSeven evel 7 Oliver Baldock | Feilden Clegg Bradley Studios
01 | REUSE FIRST, BUILD SECOND 02 | CONTEXT BEFORE EVERYTHING OR: LOVE THY CITY 03 | SUSTAINABILITY BREEDS AFFORDABILITY 04 | LIVE HOW YOU LIKE 05 | CHANGE WHEN YOU NEED 06 | WORK WHERE YOU WANT 07 | PLAY WITH WHOMEVER 08 | FROM POSSESSION TO EXPERIENCE 09| FROM GLOBAL TO LOCAL 10 | MOVE SLOW AND GROW
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PRESENTATION CLIMATE CATASTROPHE
2017
AVERAGE ANNUAL TEMPERATURE, LONDON
ARCHITECTS DECLARE MARCH, 2019
ARCHITECTS DECLARE MARCH, 2019
1772
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PRESENTATION EMBODIED CARBON RESEARCH Barriers to reducing embodied carbon
£1,600,000 Concrete CLT
THEMATIC DIVISION OF BARRIERS DISCUSSED WITHIN SURVEY
Theme
Topic
SubtopicPolitical & Legal Economic
Government Support
Social Guidance
Technical Clarity of guidance Consistency of guidance
Economic
Capital Cost
New Building
WEIGHTING OF DISCUSSIONS OF THESE BARRIERS
£1,400,000 £1,200,000
Capital Cost Material Alternatives
£1,000,000
Client Engagement Social Perception Design Team Education
£800,000
Client Education Existing Building
Programme Social
Engagement
Design Team Engagement Client Engagement Responsibility Point of Engagement
Awareness
£600,000
Design Team Engagement Supply Chain Guidance
£400,000
Government Support Awareness Social Impact
Software Improvements Taxation
Materials Over-design Material Sourcing Material Transport Technology
£200,000
Material Sourcing Reduction Overdesign
£0
Awareness Industry
Supply Chain Bureaucracy
Re ten tio na nd Fra Rep air me Up & Co r pe rF e loo rs Ro Roof of Fi n ish S ta irs Fac a Par de t Int ern itions al D Int e Fit oo tin rnal Fi n r s gs &F i urn shes ish ing s Co ME nti P ng en c Par ies t Int ern itions al D Wa o ll F ors Flo inish or es F Ce ilin inishe Fit tin gF s gs i n i /F urn shes ish ing s Co ME nti P ng Ma enci es na ge me nt
Technical
Overall
Residential
Commercial
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PRESENTATION EMBODIED CARBON RESEARCH
BUILDING ASSESSMENT INFORMATION Building Life Cycle Information
Beyond the system
This is where carbon sequestration happens according to BS EN 15978
BASELINE
GEA of project
Recovery
Reuse
BURN OR LANDFILL
Recycling
End of Life
Disposal
Use
Waste Processing
D
Transport
C1 - C4
Deconstruction Demolition
B1 - B5
Refurbishment
Maintenance
Use
Construction Process
Construction
Manufacturing
Transport
Raw material supply
Product
A5
However, again according to BS EN 15978 we can only include sequestration if we include End of Life (C1 - C4), and there are currently two end of life options for timber (according to BS EN 15978 and RICS) :
Beyond the Building Life Cycle
Replacement
A4
Repair
A1 - A3
Transport
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All carbon is released into the atmosphere at the end of the buildings life (typically 60 years).
Timber rots and releases methane, which has greater global warming potential (GWP) - up to 84% over 20 years.
This wipes out any sequestration modelled in A1 - A3
This option is rarely modelled.
But both with and without carbon sequestration need to be reported. This is called below and above the line respectively
To avoid either scenario, we must design for
REUSE
4298m2 BREAKDOWN OF EMBODIED CARBON OVER A BUILDINGS LIFETIME
with timber sequestration
C1 - C4 2%
without timber sequestration
-223 kgCO2e/m2
However, even if the timber is burnt at the end of its life, there is a significant longer lasting benefit from the carbon it has sequestered.
280 kgCO2e/m2
Radiative Forcing
EFFICIENCY B1 - B5 45%
the change in energy flux in the atmosphere caused by factors of climate change
A1 - A3 48%
Carbon Footprint of Proposal Not including Sequestration
CLEAN POWER
1140
1204
1038
A4 3%
BREAKDOWN OF BUILDING ELEMENTS BY EMBODIED CARBON TOTALS FINISHES 4%
REFURB
921 Carbon Footprint (tCO2)
A5 2%
0
ntial Reside
MEP 15%
ercial Demolition Retention
Comm
Integrated Radiative Forcing (W.yr/m2)
Years after construction 0
20
40
60
80
100
2E-08
-4E-08
-6E-08
Point at which timber is burnt
the environmental benefit gained from sequestration within construction continues
Source: Cooper et al. 2020 / Adapted by FCBS 2021
Carbon Footprint of Proposal Including Sequestration
5 TAKEAWAY POINTS FACADE 16%
REBUILD
Operational Carbon Embodied Carbon
SUBSTRUCTURE 17%
SUPERSTRUCTURE 48%
Carbon Footprint (tCO2)
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1. We should report sequestration and emissions separately for transparency 2. We should design our timber structures to be reused at end of life 3. CO2 is bigger than one instance and locking it away has significant benefits
64 0
-589
4. There is no consenus on how to represent it, and certain groups dislike sequestration 5. We must limit our immediate emissions regardless of sequestration
-610
-893
tion esidential Demoli R
ercial Retention Comm
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PRESENTATION LOCAL HOUSING CRISIS
6 BED 5 BED 1 BED
4 BED
HIGH RISE LOW COVERAGE 100 UNITS/HA
2 BED 3 BED
OWNER OCCUPIED
PRIVATE RENTED
COUNCIL RENTED
OTHER
HOUSING ASSOCIATION EXISTING SUPPLY OF HOUSING
LOW RISE HIGH COVERAGE 100 UNITS/HA
6 BED 5 BED 4 BED
1 BED 2 BED 3 BED
DEMAND FOR HOUSING (FROM HOUSING REGISTER)
1961
1971
1981
1991
CHANGE IN DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSING TENURE IN CAMDEN SINCE 1961
2001
MEDIUM RISE MEDIUM COVERAGE 100 UNITS/HA
2011
AWAITING HOUSING
HOUSED
HOUSING REGISTER
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PRESENTATION STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT
NEW RESIDENTS Looking for a new affordable home to live in.
EXISTING RESIDENTS Looking to improve their community and the facilities available to them.
+
SKILLED DESIGNERS Liaising between the new and existing residents and the funding partner
COMMUNITY LIAISON OFFICERS Liaising between the new and existing residents and the designer
SURVEYORS Provides better understanding of cost, carbon & risk.
SUSTAINABILITY ENGINEERS Developing sustainable design methods from early design stages
RESEARCHERS Pushing a degrowth agenda within the work place
+
SKILLED CONSTRUCTORS Working with the designers and engineers to create a sustainable development.
PROGRAMMERS Establishing a relationship between data and design allowing effective post and pre occupancy evaluations
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PRESENTATION MAPPING THE OPTIONS
ROOF TYPE ESTATE AREA PTAL RATING JOB SEEKER ALLOWANCE THIN BORDER PERIMETER
SOCIAL HOUSING VALUE POPULATION CHANGE DEPRIVATION
ISLAND NATIONS
DENSITY
THE MASTERPLAN
ISLINGTON BOROUGH
ADDITIONAL MASTERPLAN ITEMS
10 9 8 7 6 CAMDEN BOROUGH
5 4 3 2
WESTMINSTER BOROUGH
1
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PRESENTATION EXPLORING THE OPPORTUNITIES
gea - 2236 sq.m gia - 1451 sq.m no. of homes - 26
W3
T5
W2 S5
T4
S3
T3
R5 R4
S4
S1
T2
gea - 2342 sq.m gia - 1488 sq.m no. of homes - 24
W1
T6
R3
R8
S2
Q2 R1
R7
P1
T1
Q1
P2 N2
N1 L3
L2
K
17
20
M
G
L
COOPE R
T STREET L HO
E N A
J
L1
F
H
EVE RS
W I
E AT
ORD EST DF
I
ESTATE
B6 B5 B3 A B4 B1 B2
E D
C
WIDFORD ESTATE
EVERSHOLT STREET
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HS2 DEVELOPMENT SITE
PRESENTATION CONSTRAINTS & OPPORTUNITIES
THE BRITISH LIBRARY
OAKSHOTT cOURT
FRANCIS CRICK INSTITUTE ST PANCRAS STATION
M
SOMERS TOWN COMMUNITY CENTRE
LA
ID ND
POLYGON ROAD OUTDOOR GYM
AD RO LL
BRI
CE PLA
SOMERS TOWN SPORTS CENTRE
PURCHESE STREET OPEN SPACE
PU
ES E
COOPER LANE ESTATE
ST R
EE
COOPERS LANE COMMUNITY HALL
REGENT HIGH SCHOOL
EDITH NEVILLE PRIMARY SCHOOL
RC H
T
FIVE PANCRAS SQUARE
THE CHENIES
BR
CR
SO UR CE
ET
CAMLEY STREET NATURAL PARK
E TR YS
Y WA
LE
M
CA
DS GOO
OF
AS
RO AD
LA CE
ILL
PA N
CE PLA
LOW
PE
RC E
IV
TRA F FI CA
NO E ISE D M PO AST E LL UT RP LA IO N N BO -1 UN 5 PL DA AT RY FO RM S
CH EN IE SP
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EUSTON STATION
RTE RIA L
RO AD
ST PANCRAS OLD CHURCH
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PRESENTATION DEMAND RETROFIT
AFFORDABLE . ADAPTABLE . CARBON NEGATIVE SOCIAL HOMES
DEMANDING RETROFIT AS A KEY DESIGN PRINCIPLES
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PRESENTATION IMPROVING DENSITY
AFFORDABLE . ADAPTABLE . CARBON NEGATIVE SOCIAL HOMES
IMPROVING DENSITY BY INCREASING VERTICAL INHABITATION
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PRESENTATION LEARNING FROM CONTEXT
AFFORDABLE . ADAPTABLE . CARBON NEGATIVE SOCIAL HOMES
USING EXISTING FEATURES & CHARACTERISTICS TO DEFINE DESIGN PRINCIPLES
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PRESENTATION ESTABLISHING A STRUCTURAL APPROACH
AFFORDABLE . ADAPTABLE . CARBON NEGATIVE SOCIAL HOMES
ESTABLISHING APPROPRIATE CONSTRUCTION METHODS ALONGSIDE FACADE RETENTION
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PRESENTATION CREATING ACCESS
SERVICING
CORE
RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL COMMUNAL SPACE
AFFORDABLE . ADAPTABLE . CARBON NEGATIVE SOCIAL HOMES
DEVELOPING ACCESS, CONNECTIONS AND ACTIVE FRONTAGES AT THE GROUND FLOOR
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PRESENTATION INTRODUCING VARIETY
1
2
3
AFFORDABLE . ADAPTABLE . CARBON NEGATIVE SOCIAL HOMES
INTRODUCING A RANGE OF HOUSING OPTIONS
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PRESENTATION DEVELOPING COHESION
AFFORDABLE . ADAPTABLE . CARBON NEGATIVE SOCIAL HOMES
DEVELOPING A DETAILED DESIGN CONSIDERING COHESION WITH THE EXISTING FABRIC
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PRESENTATION GROUND FLOOR INHABITATION INDICES OF MULTIPLE DEPRIVATION. MEASURED OUT OF ALL LSOAS IN ENGLAND
"IT FEELS LIKE DAVID AND GOLIATH. WE LIVE ON A PERMANENT BUILDING SITE. WE GET THE NEGATIVES BUT NOT THE BENEFITS"
EXISTING RESIDENT
EXISTING RESIDENT
ANNA PETERS (36) CHEMIST JAMIE PETERS (40) CHEMIST 2 YEARS IN PROPERTY
OVERALL SCORE = 2,502/32,844 WHERE #1 = MOST DEPRIVED CAMDEN 019C
JENNA OWENS PRIMARY SCHO TEACHER
12 YEARS IN PRO
approval of ST PANCRAS ROAD
More community ac�vi�es
approval of ST PANCRAS ROAD
Priorities
Concerns
Priorities
Concerns
Better access to educational facilities
Social integration
More community activities
Community in
CAMDEN 019D
Be�er and easier access to council services Be�er building maintenance
Construction noise CAMDEN 019E
CAMDEN 022B
GLOBAL COMMUNITY
INCOME 2,502
EMPLOYMENT 4,774
EDUCATION 10,633
HEALTH & DISABILITY 3,980
INDICES OF MULTIPLE DEPRIVATION. MEASURED OUT OF ALL LSOAS IN ENGLAND
EXISTING RESIDENT ANNA PETERS (36) CHEMIST JAMIE PETERS (40) CHEMIST 2 YEARS IN PROPERTY
OVERALL SCORE = 2,502/32,844 WHERE #1 = MOST DEPRIVED
ST PANCRAS ROAD
CAMLEY STREET
SOMERS TOWN
KX MASTERPLAN
INCOME 2,502
JENNA OWENS (56) PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHER CAMDEN 022D
12 YEARS IN PROPERTY
approval of ST PANCRAS ROAD
approval of ST PANCRAS ROAD
Priorities
Concerns
Priorities
Concerns
Better access to educational facilities
Social integration
More community activities
Community integration
EMPLOYMENT 4,774
More external/ outside space that’s quieter More of a community feel.
Disruption to daily life More cars / busier roads
EDUCATION 10,633
HEALTH & DISABILITY EXISTING 3,980RESIDENT
ANNA PETERS (36) CHEMIST JAMIE PETERS (40) CHEMIST 2 YEARS IN PROPERTY
JENNA OWENS (56) PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHER
Construction noise Better and easier access to council services
Disruption to daily life
Better building maintenance
More children, not enough school places
EXISTING RESIDENT
STEPHEN OSEI-OSAFO (27) OPTHAMOLOGIST
MARY PENTITH (76) RETIRED
4 YEARS IN PROPERTY
15 YEARS IN PROPERTY
LOWER SUPER OUTPUT AREA CODE
IMD RANK IN CAMDEN (133 LSOA IN TOTAL) 1 = BETTER PERFORMING
022A
22
022B
10
022C
14
022D
23
022E
20
019C
38
019D
45
019E
5
12 YEARS IN PROPERTY
CRIME 805
LIVING ENVIRONMENT 3,281 Concerns
Concerns
Priorities
Better access to educational facilities
Social integration
More community activities
Construction noise
More cars / busier roads
Better and easier access to council BARRIERS TO services
HOUSING & SERVICES Better building 5,484 maintenance
EXISTING RESIDENT
approval of ST PANCRAS ROAD
approval of ST PANCRAS ROAD
Priorities
More of a community feel.
EXISTING RESIDENT
EXISTING RESIDENT
CAMDEN 022E
CRIME 805
Disruption to daily life
Disruption to d
Better building maintenance
More children, enough scho
EXISTING RESIDENT CAMDEN 022C
Construction noise
More external/ outside space that’s quieter
More cars / busier roads
Better and easier access to council services
CAMDEN 022A
LOCAL ECONOMY
approval of ST PANCRAS ROAD
More of a community feel.
Disruption to daily life
GLOBAL ECONOMY
LOCAL COMMUNITY
EXISTING RESIDENT
More external/ outside space that’s quieter
Construction n
approval of ST PANCRAS ROAD
Priorities
Concerns
Priorities
Concerns
Community integration
Lower utility bills
Daylight into property
Better access to community events
Security
Construction noise
Security
Disruption to daily life
Improved energy performance of our building
More children, not enough school places
Access to garden / space to grow plants
Jobs for local people Cheaper spaces for family to stay over when visiting Livelier local area / more places to shop for food
Construction noise
LIVING ENVIRONMENT 3,281
BARRIERS TO HOUSING & SERVICES 5,484
EXISTING RESIDENT
STEPHEN OSEI-OSAFO (27) OPTHAMOLOGIST
MARY PENTITH RETIRED
4 YEARS IN PROPERTY
15 YEARS IN PRO
approval of ST PANCRAS ROAD
approval of ST PANCRAS ROAD
Priorities
Concerns
Priorities
Concerns
Lower utility bills
Daylight into property
Better access to community events
Security
Improved energy performance of our building
Security
Access to garden / space to grow plants
Jobs for local p Cheaper spaces for family to stay over when visiting
Construction n
Livelier local area / more places to shop for food
EXISTING RESIDENT
STEPHEN OSEI-OSAFO (27) OPTHAMOLOGIST
MARY PENTITH (76) RETIRED
4 YEARS IN PROPERTY
15 YEARS IN PROPERTY
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PRESENTATION FOCUSING ON LOCAL
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promotion of local seasonal produce
supply of ethically sourced materials
average heat loss through glazing form factor
7.69kWh/m2
1.2
EQUITY & LOCAL ECONOMY
raised vegetable gardens
LOCAL & SUSTAINABLE FOOD
support local food suppliers
south facade glazing ratio target: 10-20% actual: 10%
average heat gain through glazing
20.4kWh/m2
bus links and car club high speed internet provision maximum PTAL rating
long lasting affordability
no car parking shared surfaces for transport
east facade glazing ratio target: 10-15% actual: 36%
west facade glazing ratio target: 10-15% actual: 10%
roof u-value: 0.12
rail station close by dedicated walking & cycling routes to location
good acoustics good natural lighting resists overheating HEALTH & HAPPINESS
communal package store
TRAVEL & TRANSPORT
secure bicycle storage
homes are offered to local tenants first 100% social housing
additional investment into local initiatives and community schemes
local amenities
layouts meet lifetime home standards
double glazing u-value: 1.3
resists and improves local pollution levels use of low toxic materials and finishes units sized for flexibility development improves quality of surrounding area
sustainably sourced materials resiliant materials & finishes
retention of existing businesses within these spaces
circular economy plan for materials modular construction
road line pulled back
dry recycling
ZERO WASTE
central food recycling
protected cycle line runs through the central shared space
food waste recycling partner with local recycling schemes
creates residents club include communal amenities restores a historic landmark
upper walls u-value: 0.12 biodiverse planting includes wildlife habitats
lower walls u-value: 0.10
maintain and improves existing habitats uses a brownfield site use of local plants in landscape increase tree canopy percentage
absorption of nearby green spaces into site boundary to improve biodiversity
reuse of materials from existing buildings
engages with local community
provide communal spaces
creation of a shared surface
recycling of construction waste low material wastage in construction
north facade glazing ratio target: 10-20% actual: 8%
CULTURE & COMMUNITY
low toxicity materials
triple glazing u-value: 0.85
LAND & NATURE
low embodied carbon materials
MATERIALS & PRODUCTS
recyclable materials for disassembly at end of life
promotes local history
low water use fittings
u-value 70% improvement over Part L
Energy use < 35KWh/m .yr 2
Heating demand < 15KWh/m2.yr Provide energy guide for new resident
ZERO CARBON ENERGY
Air tightness less than 1m2/h.m2
SUSTAINABLE WATER
install water metres automated irrigation of communal gardens blue roof develop a SUDS strategy rainwater harvesting for WCs Water use less than 80L per person per day
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PRESENTATION LEARNING FROM HISTORY
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PRESENTATION ESTABLISHING A GRID
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PRESENTATION ITERATIONS OF LAYOUT DESIGNS
1 BED 1 PERSON 40sq.m LHDG Compliant: Not listed
6100
6100
1 BED 2 PERSON 55sq.m LHDG Compliant: Yes
3 BED 4 PERSON 77sq.m LHDG Compliant: Yes
3 BED 5 PERSON 92sq.m LHDG Compliant: Yes
6100
6100
3 BED 5 PERSON 83sq.m LHDG Compliant: No
2 BED 4 PERSON 77sq.m LHDG Compliant: Yes
6100
6100
3 BED 4 PERSON 83sq.m LHDG Compliant: Yes
1 BED 1 PERSON 37sq.m LHDG Compliant: Not listed
1 BED 2 PERSON 51sq.m LHDG Compliant: Yes
6100
6100
2 BED 4 PERSON 71sq.m LHDG Compliant: Yes
6100
2 BED 1 PERSON 45sq.m LHDG Compliant: No
ITERATION 05 BEST LIVING
6100
6100
6100
1 BED 1 PERSON 30sq.m LHDG Compliant: Not listed
2 BED 3 PERSON 57sq.m LHDG Compliant: No
6100
2 BED 2 PERSON 45sq.m LHDG Compliant: No
1 BED 2 PERSON 43sq.m LHDG Compliant: No
ITERATION 04 BETTER LIVING
6100
ITERATION 03 MADE OF MODULES
1 BED 2 PERSON 43sq.m LHDG Compliant: No
6100
2 BED 3 PERSON 45sq.m LHDG Compliant: No
ITERATION 02 SINGLE TYPE
6100
ITERATION 01 MAISONETTE UNITS
6100
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PRESENTATION ONE BED ONE PERSON LAYOUT window area to floor area ratio target < 25%
11%
BATHROOM 4.4sq.m BEDROOM 12.5sq.m
SERVICING + MEP - the flat is serviced by an MVHR unit which exchanges through the facade to the east
window area to wall area ratio
across the access route. This is a necessity in
target = 10-15%
ventilating the flat due to the high fabric
12%
efficiency of the facade.
- each unit has a HIU which distributes heat from a central plant room to provide domestic hot water on demand.
MVHR + HIU 2.1sq.m
- both of these units, as well as the bathroom
1 BED STUDIO 48sq.m
plumbing can be accessed from the corridor. This means during servicing the client (Camden council or any housing association) does not need to enter the flat, minimising delay.
LIVING / KITCHEN / DINING 21.9sq.m
BALCONY 5sq.m
designed for Kusal Preference for a large single bedroom and the ability to work from home. He did not want a dedicated office space, but enough flexibility to be able to introduce a dedicted work station at a later date. To accompany this, he was also looking for a well daylit apartment.
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PRESENTATION THREE BED FIVE PERSON LAYOUT window area to floor area ratio target < 25%
11%
- Servicing becomes slightly trickier in the north of the site
BATHROOM 4.4sq.m
MVHR + HIU 2.1sq.m
SERVICING + MEP
BATHROOM 4.9sq.m
STORE 35sq.m window area to wall area ratio
where the access route borders
target = 10-15%
a party wall. However, due to the KITCHEN / LIVING / DINING 29.1sq.m
stacking of units within this sector, and the oversized nature
13%
of the MVHR cupboards, air duct can run up through the three floors and out through the roof.
BEDROOM 12.5sq.m
BEDROOM 12.3sq.m
BEDROOM 10.9sq.m
3 BED 5 BEDROOM 93sq.m designed for Courtney & Mae Preference for a two bedrooms and a dedicated office space. However, midway through the design process the couple received news that they were having triplets, and since BALCONY 10.3sq.m
requested additional space if possible. The office space is currently shown as a smaller bedroom, but if needed this can expand to subsume some of the living space. O l i v e r B a l d o c k | A rc h i t e c t u re A p p re nt i c e s h i p Lev e l 7
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PRESENTATION FROM PUBLIC TO PRIVATE
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PRESENTATION DISASSEMBLY & END OF LIFE
P A N E L
Exploded Axo of Structure
Section through facade
P R O C E S S I N G
S TA G E 1 : O P T I M I S I N G S AW
S TA G E 2 : F I N G E R - J O I N T E R
Visual defects are marked and automatically cut out as necessary in the Optisaw
Boards up to 6” x 12” in cross section are structurally finger-jointed, creating continuous lamellas up to 60ft long
S TA G E 3 : P R O F I L E M O U L D E R
S TA G E 4 : D LT P R E S S
Each lamella is run through a moulder, ensuring exact board thickness and applying the many different profile options to the bottom of the board
Lamellas are automatically fed into the DLT press, where 10 tons of pressure are applied both vertically and horizontally on the panel. Hardwood dowels are hydraulically pressed into tight-fit holes drilled sideways through the panel
D O W E L L I N G
P R O C E S S
STEP 1: BOARDS PRESSED
STEP 2: HOLES DRILLED
STEP 3: DOWELS INSERTED
The first package of lamellas is automatically fed into the DLT machine and then hydraulically pressed vertically and horizontally to ensure a flat panel, and remove any gaps between boards
A drilling aggregate drills 3/4” diameter holes into the wide face of the lamellas with a custom-designed drill bit
The 3/4” diameter hardwood dowels are hydraulically pressed into the hole
S T E P 4 : P R O C E S S R E P E AT Additional packages of lamellas are pushed into the DLT press and dowelled into the previous packages until a full width panel is created
8
Tamedia Headquarters, Zurich (Shigeru Ban)
Column / Beam Connection Detail
Partially assembled joint detail
STEP 5: MOISTURE EQUILIBRIUM
DOWELS
As the drier dowel comes into moisture equilibrium with the surrounding lumber, it expands, creating a tight friction fit between the two materials
StructureCraft DLT Design & Profile Guide © V4.0 – USA
9
Manufacture of dowel laminated timber
Ikea's wedge connection detail
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PRESENTATION OVERVIEW OF STRUCTURAL LAYOUT
DOWEL LAMINATED TIMBER CROSS LAMINATED TIMBER GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER
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PRESENTATION DEALING WITH FIRE B3 (1) INTERNAL FIRE SPREAD (STRUCTURE) The building shall be designed and constructed so that, in the event of fire, its stability will be maintained for a reasonable period
STRUCTURAL (FIRE) SAFETY OBJECTIVE
PROVISION OF ADEQUATE TIME Low-rise buildings where occupants may sleep and medium-rise buildings where occupants are awake and familiar. Evacuation time is relatively fast and fire fighting is mainly external
FIRE SAFETY SOLUTION Fully-exposed, partially protected or encapsulated with the assembly achieving the relevant fire resistance performance recommended in standard guidance
DEMONSTRATING SELF-EXTINCTION IS A PREREQUISITE FOR COMPLIANCE WITH B3 (1) IF WE WANT AN EXPOSED SURFACE
LIKELIHOOD OF SURVIVING BURN-OUT Medium rise buildings where occupants may sleep and high-rise buildings Evacuation is protraced and fire brigade intervention is typically internal
FIRE SAFETY SOLUTION Structure is either prevented as contributing as a source of fuel through full encapsulation adequate to prevent pyrolysis for the full duration of the design fire resistance period.
This is not necessarily possible with a cross laminated timber product as there is an abrupt loss in strength when char reaches a layer perpendicular to the span. This is not the case with dowel laminated timber as all the wood fibre is parallel to the primary span. A typical sizing of the product has demonstrated a 2hr fire resistance rating Problems can also be avoided with the fire performance of the adhesives in CLT, as DLT is a homogenous product. PERMISSIBLE COMPLIANCE ROUTE
Consequence Class
Consequences of Failure
Occupancy of residential buildings
Guidance Base
Performance Base
Class 1
Low
Single occupancy house not exceeding 4 storeys
Yes
Yes
Class 2A
Low to medium
5 storey single occupancy houses Flats, apartments and other residential buildings not exceeding 4 storeys
Yes
Yes
Hotels, flats, apartments and other residential buildings greater than 4 storeys but not exceeding 15 storeys
Yes
No residential buildings
No
Class 2B
Class 3
Upper risk group (medium)
High
The proposal is also under 11m in height which means it avoids the regulations surrounding the combustibility of external cladding. Nevertheless, the chosen route forward, with the choice of a Yakisugi style cedar shingle means that the external cladding is also fire resistant. Wood is composed of two compounds - cellulose and lignin. The former is softer and more reactive to fire, the
Yes
latter is tougher and will only burn under much high temperatures. Through Yakisugi, the cellulose layer is burned off, exposing the lignin layer resulting in significantly increase fire resistance.
Yes
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PRESENTATION TIMBER SOURCING BREAKDOWN OF OUR TIMBER TRADE 60
1200 Cumulative Biomass Sequestration (tCO2e/ha)
50
Timber Consumption (million m3)
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40
30
import
20
10
production export
0 2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
Optimum Harvest Point
1000
800
Carbon sequestered by Sitka Spruce, Yield Class 14, 2m Spacing
600
400
200 2017
Year 0 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Years since planting
TWO KEY ELEMENT TO CERTIFICATION SCHEMES: Source (clockwise) Sweden
1 FOREST CERTIFICATION
Germany Finland Latvia Netherlands Ireland Belgium Austria Poland
Provides indepent third party evidence that the forest of origin is being managed in accordance with the requirements of an accredited forest management standard 2 CHAIN OF CUSTODY CERTIFICATION This enables timber suppliers to provide independent third party evidence of an unbroken path from the forest to the consumer, including all stages of manufacturing, transportation and distribution.
Estonia Other (EU) Canada Russia
BREAKDOWN OF WHERE OUR TIMBER IMPIORTS COME FROM
TIMBER PROCESSING PLANTS WITHIN GREAT BRITAIN
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PRESENTATION OPPORTUNITIES FOR MODERN METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION
Kengo Kuma’s Prostho Museum
Tom Parson’s catalogue of work
Atelier Cube’s Vidy Pavilion
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PRESENTATION OVERVIEW OF DETAILS
D6
D15
D3 D11
D2
D9
D7
D1
D8
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PRESENTATION DETAIL 01 - EXISTING WALL / NEW FLOOR Level 02 +6.250m AOD 3587.50mm
REPAIR & REUSE - cleaning and repair of the stone dressings - cleaning and repointment of the brickwork (original 1895 red brick in english bond) - restoration of the decorative metal work around the window openings, to be integrated into new triple glazed windows.
INTERVENTIONS 2530mm
- external dividers and trellis works between flats which integrates a visual identity for the commercial / community units along the 1740mm
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ground floor. This is of greater importance where balconies are located. - deep internal window reveals create opportunities for workspace or bespoke seating arrangements.
Level 01 +3.100m AOD
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PRESENTATION DETAIL 03 - NEW WALL / NEW FLOOR
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PRESENTATION DETAIL 06 - NEW WALL / NEW BALCONY
hidden gutter balcony tied back to structural frame Yakisugi timber shingles shallow window reveals provide greater internal space thin but tall window reduce risk of internal overheating whilst maximising daylight (see previous research) triple glazed window (rationel auraplus) window board with insulation below silicon seal with backing road 25mm insulation under window to improve thermal performance
balcony depth create solar shading for the floors below whilst not removing daylight
windows at L02 sit behind the parapet along which external amenity is created
airtight tape fixed to window for continuous air barrier timber "keys" lock in structure clt panel tied back to structural frame
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PRESENTATION DETAIL 07 - EXISTING WALL / NEW BALCONY
line of structure above
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introduction of timber reveal with cavity closer
clt balcony forms connection which "locks" the grade II listed structure to the dlt structure
retention of existing window line with repair to brickwork triple glazed window (rationel auraplus) window board with insulation below drainage solution within clt panel reinstatement of ironwork to match 1850s design intent airtight tape fixed to window for continuous air barrier glulam beam (450x450mm) clt panel tied back to structural frame
FLOOR CONSTRUCTION - wood flooring
20mm
- insulation
50mm
- orientated strand board
20mm
- dowel laminated timber panel (span: 1.8m) INDUSTRIAL appearence grade
300mm
- ventilated cavity
20mm
- wood fibre insulation
150mm
- fibreboard
22mm
- 2 x plasterboard
26mm
- timber ceiling
14mm
Total
622mm
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PRESENTATION DETAIL 08 - GLULAM STRUCTURE
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PRESENTATION DETAIL 09 - GLULAM STRUCTURE
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PRESENTATION DETAIL 15 - FLEXIBLE PARTITIONS INTERNAL PARTITIONS - 25mm cross laminated timber panel - 50mm rockwool insulation - 25mm cross laminated timber panel
An acoustic performance of roughly 42dB of sound reduction, which is more than adequate for internal walls. PARTITION STRATEGY - 100mm partitons slot into a predefined grid within the structure, and are fastened with a "locking" member. - insulation and flooring then sit above this - when the arrangement needs adjusting, the lock is removed and the 1m wide panels can be taken out and repositioned.
avoiding connecting directly into the structure
timber key "locks" the partition into position
mitigates any risk to the noise and fire
DLT FLOOR the partition connection points form part of the
500mm
attenuation.
floor structure. these 50mm nibs connect to the partitions and ensure continuity is kept within the fire and acoustic strategy
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RESEARCH AIMS 1. To understand the impact that current regulations and frameworks have on the industry
AFFORDABLE
2. To identify the barriers stopping stakeholder from tackling their emissions 3. To discuss whether these barriers are real or perceived
£2300/sq.m
4. To expore potential opportunities arising from clean construction
ADAPTABLE variety of layouts
LOW CARBON 500kgCO2e/sq.m
O l i v e r B a l d o c k | A rc h i t e c t u re A p p re nt i c e s h i p Lev e l 7
£2,066 per sq.m
AFFORDABLE
plus a 4% cost saving over traditional construction methods
Retention and Repair of Existing Structure Frame & Core Upper Floors Roof Roof Finish Stairs External Walls / Windows / Doors / Balconies Internal Walls & Partitions Internal Doors Internal Finishes Fittings & Furnishings MEP Contingencies
Leasing, Management, Shared Spaces
£1,600k
Contingencies
£1,400k
MEP
£1,200k
Fittings / Furnishings
£800k
Ceiling Finishes
£600k
Floor Finishes
£400k
Wall Finishes
£200k
Internal Doors
£1,000k
Internal Walls & Partitions
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3 TYPES
ADAPTABLE
? ADAPTATIONS LIVE ENERGY USE FEEDBACK
POST CONSTRUCTION SURVEY
DESIGN PROCESS
NEW RESIDENT
CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
NEW RESIDENT
AMY LANETT (27) ADMIN ASSISTANT JOE ADAMS (26) NURSE
suitability for ST PANCRAS ROAD
CONSTRUCTION COMPLETION
NEW RESIDENT
Spatial Preferences double bedroom large kitchen area large living area undecorated
Facility Preferences gym source of local produce potential space to work from home
Spatial Preferences double bedroom single bedroom lots of storage no carpet
Facility Preferences creche work from home facility access to network of young families
Location Preferences close to victoria line within camden borough
Financial Preferences up to £500 a month in rent flexible payments no additional charges
Location Preferences access to parks limited air pollution
Financial Preferences none
NEW RESIDENT COURTENEY GIBSON (26) GRAPHIC DESIGNER MAE ANDERSON (23) SPORTS THERAPIST
KUSAL SUBASINGHE (24) GAME DESIGNER
JACK LYCKE (31) RECRUITER SARAH PINNICK (28) TRAINEE LAWYER LIAM (2) suitability for ST PANCRAS ROAD
HOME OCCUPANCY
suitability for ST PANCRAS ROAD
Spatial Preferences large office good natural lighting one bedroom
Facility Preferences cycle storage communal working spaces space to hire
Location Preferences close to public transport quiet
Financial Preferences flexible payments option to lease furniture
ENERGY MODELLING FEEDBACK
SOCIAL VALUE (WEMWBS)
ENERGY USE MONITORING
CARBON EMISSIONS TRACKING
HOME IMPROVEMENT
USER SATISFACTION SURVEY
WITH CONSULTATION & DESIGN PROCESS
CONTINUED INDUSTRY RESEARCH
a design process which allows for user adaptation and feedback at all stages.
WITH HOME & FACILITIES
suitability for ST PANCRAS ROAD
Spatial Preferences two bedrooms ensuite good acoustic finish decorated work from home area
Facility Preferences community groups community spaces for hire connection to existing communities
Location Preferences access to parks/green space nearby cycle routes good air quality
Financial Preferences possibility to rent additional space for storage £700 a month rent max
LIFESTYLE IMPACT
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280 2 kgCO2e/m
LOW CARBON * not included in total calculations
excl. sequestration Carbon Footprint of Proposal Not including Sequestration 1140
Carbon Footprint of Proposal Including Sequestration
1204
Services
1038
49
921
Carbon Footprint (tCO2)
Carbon Footprint (tCO2)
Internal finishes Internal walls
64
l a i t n e d i Res
cial emolition r e m m D Co
on* i t n e t e R
n* cial on sidential i o r i t e i t l n o m e t m m Re Re De Co
38
-24
Superstructure -893
21
-28
Upper floors
Substructure*
19
-21
Roof -610
32
-4
External walls
-589
0
55
-51
Windows
0
14
-21
52
-42 -65 0
embodied carbon of building elements (kgCO2e/m2)
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PRESENTATION ARCHITECTURE AS A PROMOTIONAL TOOL
COME ON A JOURNEY WITH YOUR NEW HOME
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THANK YOU FOR LISTENING
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