Affordable, Adaptable, Low Carbon Housing - Presentation

OLIVER BALDOCK

PRESENTATION DEVELOPING AFFORDABLE ADAPTABLE LOW CARBON HOUSING

O l i v e |r Architecture B a l d o c k | A r c h Apprenticeship i t e c t u r e A p p r e n t i cLevel e s h i p LSeven evel 7 Oliver Baldock | Feilden Clegg Bradley Studios

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PRESENTATION PROJECT THEMES

DESIGN AIM AFFORDABLE

DESIGN AIM ADAPTABLE

DESIGN AIM LOW EMBODIED CARBON

DESIGN METHODOLOGY END USER ENGAGEMENT

DESIGN METHODOLOGY BUILDING REUSE & RETROFIT

CLIMATE CATASTROPHE HOUSING CRISIS

DESIGN PROJECT THESIS

RESEARCH AIM IDENTIFY BARRIERS TO REDUCING EMBODIED CARBON

RESEARCH METHOD LITERATURE REVIEW

RESEARCH OUTPUT IMPROVED ENGAGEMENT & UNDERSTANDING

RESEARCH AIM DEVELOP UNDERSTANDING

RESEARCH METHOD (PILOT) SURVEY

RESEARCH METHOD SURVEY

RESEARCH METHOD INTERVIEWS

RESEARCH METHOD DESIGN

O l i v e |r Architecture B a l d o c k | A r c h Apprenticeship i t e c t u r e A p p r e n t i cLevel e s h i p LSeven evel 7 Oliver Baldock | Feilden Clegg Bradley Studios

01 | REUSE FIRST, BUILD SECOND 02 | CONTEXT BEFORE EVERYTHING OR: LOVE THY CITY 03 | SUSTAINABILITY BREEDS AFFORDABILITY 04 | LIVE HOW YOU LIKE 05 | CHANGE WHEN YOU NEED 06 | WORK WHERE YOU WANT 07 | PLAY WITH WHOMEVER 08 | FROM POSSESSION TO EXPERIENCE 09| FROM GLOBAL TO LOCAL 10 | MOVE SLOW AND GROW

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PRESENTATION CLIMATE CATASTROPHE

2017

AVERAGE ANNUAL TEMPERATURE, LONDON

ARCHITECTS DECLARE MARCH, 2019

ARCHITECTS DECLARE MARCH, 2019

1772

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PRESENTATION EMBODIED CARBON RESEARCH Barriers to reducing embodied carbon

£1,600,000 Concrete CLT

THEMATIC DIVISION OF BARRIERS DISCUSSED WITHIN SURVEY

Theme

Topic

SubtopicPolitical & Legal Economic

Government Support

Social Guidance

Technical Clarity of guidance Consistency of guidance

Economic

Capital Cost

New Building

WEIGHTING OF DISCUSSIONS OF THESE BARRIERS

£1,400,000 £1,200,000

Capital Cost Material Alternatives

£1,000,000

Client Engagement Social Perception Design Team Education

£800,000

Client Education Existing Building

Programme Social

Engagement

Design Team Engagement Client Engagement Responsibility Point of Engagement

Awareness

£600,000

Design Team Engagement Supply Chain Guidance

£400,000

Government Support Awareness Social Impact

Software Improvements Taxation

Materials Over-design Material Sourcing Material Transport Technology

£200,000

Material Sourcing Reduction Overdesign

£0

Awareness Industry

Supply Chain Bureaucracy

Re ten tio na nd Fra Rep air me Up & Co r pe rF e loo rs Ro Roof of Fi n ish S ta irs Fac a Par de t Int ern itions al D Int e Fit oo tin rnal Fi n r s gs &F i urn shes ish ing s Co ME nti P ng en c Par ies t Int ern itions al D Wa o ll F ors Flo inish or es F Ce ilin inishe Fit tin gF s gs i n i /F urn shes ish ing s Co ME nti P ng Ma enci es na ge me nt

Technical

Overall

Residential

Commercial

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PRESENTATION EMBODIED CARBON RESEARCH

BUILDING ASSESSMENT INFORMATION Building Life Cycle Information

Beyond the system

This is where carbon sequestration happens according to BS EN 15978

BASELINE

GEA of project

Recovery

Reuse

BURN OR LANDFILL

Recycling

End of Life

Disposal

Use

Waste Processing

D

Transport

C1 - C4

Deconstruction Demolition

B1 - B5

Refurbishment

Maintenance

Use

Construction Process

Construction

Manufacturing

Transport

Raw material supply

Product

A5

However, again according to BS EN 15978 we can only include sequestration if we include End of Life (C1 - C4), and there are currently two end of life options for timber (according to BS EN 15978 and RICS) :

Beyond the Building Life Cycle

Replacement

A4

Repair

A1 - A3

Transport

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All carbon is released into the atmosphere at the end of the buildings life (typically 60 years).

Timber rots and releases methane, which has greater global warming potential (GWP) - up to 84% over 20 years.

This wipes out any sequestration modelled in A1 - A3

This option is rarely modelled.

But both with and without carbon sequestration need to be reported. This is called below and above the line respectively

To avoid either scenario, we must design for

REUSE

4298m2 BREAKDOWN OF EMBODIED CARBON OVER A BUILDINGS LIFETIME

with timber sequestration

C1 - C4 2%

without timber sequestration

-223 kgCO2e/m2

However, even if the timber is burnt at the end of its life, there is a significant longer lasting benefit from the carbon it has sequestered.

280 kgCO2e/m2

Radiative Forcing

EFFICIENCY B1 - B5 45%

the change in energy flux in the atmosphere caused by factors of climate change

A1 - A3 48%

Carbon Footprint of Proposal Not including Sequestration

CLEAN POWER

1140

1204

1038

A4 3%

BREAKDOWN OF BUILDING ELEMENTS BY EMBODIED CARBON TOTALS FINISHES 4%

REFURB

921 Carbon Footprint (tCO2)

A5 2%

0

ntial Reside

MEP 15%

ercial Demolition Retention

Comm

Integrated Radiative Forcing (W.yr/m2)

Years after construction 0

20

40

60

80

100

2E-08

-4E-08

-6E-08

Point at which timber is burnt

the environmental benefit gained from sequestration within construction continues

Source: Cooper et al. 2020 / Adapted by FCBS 2021

Carbon Footprint of Proposal Including Sequestration

5 TAKEAWAY POINTS FACADE 16%

REBUILD

Operational Carbon Embodied Carbon

SUBSTRUCTURE 17%

SUPERSTRUCTURE 48%

Carbon Footprint (tCO2)

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1. We should report sequestration and emissions separately for transparency 2. We should design our timber structures to be reused at end of life 3. CO2 is bigger than one instance and locking it away has significant benefits

64 0

-589

4. There is no consenus on how to represent it, and certain groups dislike sequestration 5. We must limit our immediate emissions regardless of sequestration

-610

-893

tion esidential Demoli R

ercial Retention Comm

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PRESENTATION LOCAL HOUSING CRISIS

6 BED 5 BED 1 BED

4 BED

HIGH RISE LOW COVERAGE 100 UNITS/HA

2 BED 3 BED

OWNER OCCUPIED

PRIVATE RENTED

COUNCIL RENTED

OTHER

HOUSING ASSOCIATION EXISTING SUPPLY OF HOUSING

LOW RISE HIGH COVERAGE 100 UNITS/HA

6 BED 5 BED 4 BED

1 BED 2 BED 3 BED

DEMAND FOR HOUSING (FROM HOUSING REGISTER)

1961

1971

1981

1991

CHANGE IN DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSING TENURE IN CAMDEN SINCE 1961

2001

MEDIUM RISE MEDIUM COVERAGE 100 UNITS/HA

2011

AWAITING HOUSING

HOUSED

HOUSING REGISTER

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PRESENTATION STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT

NEW RESIDENTS Looking for a new affordable home to live in.

EXISTING RESIDENTS Looking to improve their community and the facilities available to them.

+

SKILLED DESIGNERS Liaising between the new and existing residents and the funding partner

COMMUNITY LIAISON OFFICERS Liaising between the new and existing residents and the designer

SURVEYORS Provides better understanding of cost, carbon & risk.

SUSTAINABILITY ENGINEERS Developing sustainable design methods from early design stages

RESEARCHERS Pushing a degrowth agenda within the work place

+

SKILLED CONSTRUCTORS Working with the designers and engineers to create a sustainable development.

PROGRAMMERS Establishing a relationship between data and design allowing effective post and pre occupancy evaluations

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PRESENTATION MAPPING THE OPTIONS

ROOF TYPE ESTATE AREA PTAL RATING JOB SEEKER ALLOWANCE THIN BORDER PERIMETER

SOCIAL HOUSING VALUE POPULATION CHANGE DEPRIVATION

ISLAND NATIONS

DENSITY

THE MASTERPLAN

ISLINGTON BOROUGH

ADDITIONAL MASTERPLAN ITEMS

10 9 8 7 6 CAMDEN BOROUGH

5 4 3 2

WESTMINSTER BOROUGH

1

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PRESENTATION EXPLORING THE OPPORTUNITIES

gea - 2236 sq.m gia - 1451 sq.m no. of homes - 26

W3

T5

W2 S5

T4

S3

T3

R5 R4

S4

S1

T2

gea - 2342 sq.m gia - 1488 sq.m no. of homes - 24

W1

T6

R3

R8

S2

Q2 R1

R7

P1

T1

Q1

P2 N2

N1 L3

L2

K

17

20

M

G

L

COOPE R

T STREET L HO

E N A

J

L1

F

H

EVE RS

W I

E AT

ORD EST DF

I

ESTATE

B6 B5 B3 A B4 B1 B2

E D

C

WIDFORD ESTATE

EVERSHOLT STREET

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HS2 DEVELOPMENT SITE

PRESENTATION CONSTRAINTS & OPPORTUNITIES

THE BRITISH LIBRARY

OAKSHOTT cOURT

FRANCIS CRICK INSTITUTE ST PANCRAS STATION

M

SOMERS TOWN COMMUNITY CENTRE

LA

ID ND

POLYGON ROAD OUTDOOR GYM

AD RO LL

BRI

CE PLA

SOMERS TOWN SPORTS CENTRE

PURCHESE STREET OPEN SPACE

PU

ES E

COOPER LANE ESTATE

ST R

EE

COOPERS LANE COMMUNITY HALL

REGENT HIGH SCHOOL

EDITH NEVILLE PRIMARY SCHOOL

RC H

T

FIVE PANCRAS SQUARE

THE CHENIES

BR

CR

SO UR CE

ET

CAMLEY STREET NATURAL PARK

E TR YS

Y WA

LE

M

CA

DS GOO

OF

AS

RO AD

LA CE

ILL

PA N

CE PLA

LOW

PE

RC E

IV

TRA F FI CA

NO E ISE D M PO AST E LL UT RP LA IO N N BO -1 UN 5 PL DA AT RY FO RM S

CH EN IE SP

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EUSTON STATION

RTE RIA L

RO AD

ST PANCRAS OLD CHURCH

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PRESENTATION DEMAND RETROFIT

AFFORDABLE . ADAPTABLE . CARBON NEGATIVE SOCIAL HOMES

DEMANDING RETROFIT AS A KEY DESIGN PRINCIPLES

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PRESENTATION IMPROVING DENSITY

AFFORDABLE . ADAPTABLE . CARBON NEGATIVE SOCIAL HOMES

IMPROVING DENSITY BY INCREASING VERTICAL INHABITATION

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PRESENTATION LEARNING FROM CONTEXT

AFFORDABLE . ADAPTABLE . CARBON NEGATIVE SOCIAL HOMES

USING EXISTING FEATURES & CHARACTERISTICS TO DEFINE DESIGN PRINCIPLES

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PRESENTATION ESTABLISHING A STRUCTURAL APPROACH

AFFORDABLE . ADAPTABLE . CARBON NEGATIVE SOCIAL HOMES

ESTABLISHING APPROPRIATE CONSTRUCTION METHODS ALONGSIDE FACADE RETENTION

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PRESENTATION CREATING ACCESS

SERVICING

CORE

RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL COMMUNAL SPACE

AFFORDABLE . ADAPTABLE . CARBON NEGATIVE SOCIAL HOMES

DEVELOPING ACCESS, CONNECTIONS AND ACTIVE FRONTAGES AT THE GROUND FLOOR

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PRESENTATION INTRODUCING VARIETY

1

2

3

AFFORDABLE . ADAPTABLE . CARBON NEGATIVE SOCIAL HOMES

INTRODUCING A RANGE OF HOUSING OPTIONS

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PRESENTATION DEVELOPING COHESION

AFFORDABLE . ADAPTABLE . CARBON NEGATIVE SOCIAL HOMES

DEVELOPING A DETAILED DESIGN CONSIDERING COHESION WITH THE EXISTING FABRIC

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PRESENTATION GROUND FLOOR INHABITATION INDICES OF MULTIPLE DEPRIVATION. MEASURED OUT OF ALL LSOAS IN ENGLAND

"IT FEELS LIKE DAVID AND GOLIATH. WE LIVE ON A PERMANENT BUILDING SITE. WE GET THE NEGATIVES BUT NOT THE BENEFITS"

EXISTING RESIDENT

EXISTING RESIDENT

ANNA PETERS (36) CHEMIST JAMIE PETERS (40) CHEMIST 2 YEARS IN PROPERTY

OVERALL SCORE = 2,502/32,844 WHERE #1 = MOST DEPRIVED CAMDEN 019C

JENNA OWENS PRIMARY SCHO TEACHER

12 YEARS IN PRO

approval of ST PANCRAS ROAD

More community ac�vi�es

approval of ST PANCRAS ROAD

Priorities

Concerns

Priorities

Concerns

Better access to educational facilities

Social integration

More community activities

Community in

CAMDEN 019D

Be�er and easier access to council services Be�er building maintenance

Construction noise CAMDEN 019E

CAMDEN 022B

GLOBAL COMMUNITY

INCOME 2,502

EMPLOYMENT 4,774

EDUCATION 10,633

HEALTH & DISABILITY 3,980

INDICES OF MULTIPLE DEPRIVATION. MEASURED OUT OF ALL LSOAS IN ENGLAND

EXISTING RESIDENT ANNA PETERS (36) CHEMIST JAMIE PETERS (40) CHEMIST 2 YEARS IN PROPERTY

OVERALL SCORE = 2,502/32,844 WHERE #1 = MOST DEPRIVED

ST PANCRAS ROAD

CAMLEY STREET

SOMERS TOWN

KX MASTERPLAN

INCOME 2,502

JENNA OWENS (56) PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHER CAMDEN 022D

12 YEARS IN PROPERTY

approval of ST PANCRAS ROAD

approval of ST PANCRAS ROAD

Priorities

Concerns

Priorities

Concerns

Better access to educational facilities

Social integration

More community activities

Community integration

EMPLOYMENT 4,774

More external/ outside space that’s quieter More of a community feel.

Disruption to daily life More cars / busier roads

EDUCATION 10,633

HEALTH & DISABILITY EXISTING 3,980RESIDENT

ANNA PETERS (36) CHEMIST JAMIE PETERS (40) CHEMIST 2 YEARS IN PROPERTY

JENNA OWENS (56) PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHER

Construction noise Better and easier access to council services

Disruption to daily life

Better building maintenance

More children, not enough school places

EXISTING RESIDENT

STEPHEN OSEI-OSAFO (27) OPTHAMOLOGIST

MARY PENTITH (76) RETIRED

4 YEARS IN PROPERTY

15 YEARS IN PROPERTY

LOWER SUPER OUTPUT AREA CODE

IMD RANK IN CAMDEN (133 LSOA IN TOTAL) 1 = BETTER PERFORMING

022A

22

022B

10

022C

14

022D

23

022E

20

019C

38

019D

45

019E

5

12 YEARS IN PROPERTY

CRIME 805

LIVING ENVIRONMENT 3,281 Concerns

Concerns

Priorities

Better access to educational facilities

Social integration

More community activities

Construction noise

More cars / busier roads

Better and easier access to council BARRIERS TO services

HOUSING & SERVICES Better building 5,484 maintenance

EXISTING RESIDENT

approval of ST PANCRAS ROAD

approval of ST PANCRAS ROAD

Priorities

More of a community feel.

EXISTING RESIDENT

EXISTING RESIDENT

CAMDEN 022E

CRIME 805

Disruption to daily life

Disruption to d

Better building maintenance

More children, enough scho

EXISTING RESIDENT CAMDEN 022C

Construction noise

More external/ outside space that’s quieter

More cars / busier roads

Better and easier access to council services

CAMDEN 022A

LOCAL ECONOMY

approval of ST PANCRAS ROAD

More of a community feel.

Disruption to daily life

GLOBAL ECONOMY

LOCAL COMMUNITY

EXISTING RESIDENT

More external/ outside space that’s quieter

Construction n

approval of ST PANCRAS ROAD

Priorities

Concerns

Priorities

Concerns

Community integration

Lower utility bills

Daylight into property

Better access to community events

Security

Construction noise

Security

Disruption to daily life

Improved energy performance of our building

More children, not enough school places

Access to garden / space to grow plants

Jobs for local people Cheaper spaces for family to stay over when visiting Livelier local area / more places to shop for food

Construction noise

LIVING ENVIRONMENT 3,281

BARRIERS TO HOUSING & SERVICES 5,484

EXISTING RESIDENT

STEPHEN OSEI-OSAFO (27) OPTHAMOLOGIST

MARY PENTITH RETIRED

4 YEARS IN PROPERTY

15 YEARS IN PRO

approval of ST PANCRAS ROAD

approval of ST PANCRAS ROAD

Priorities

Concerns

Priorities

Concerns

Lower utility bills

Daylight into property

Better access to community events

Security

Improved energy performance of our building

Security

Access to garden / space to grow plants

Jobs for local p Cheaper spaces for family to stay over when visiting

Construction n

Livelier local area / more places to shop for food

EXISTING RESIDENT

STEPHEN OSEI-OSAFO (27) OPTHAMOLOGIST

MARY PENTITH (76) RETIRED

4 YEARS IN PROPERTY

15 YEARS IN PROPERTY

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PRESENTATION FOCUSING ON LOCAL

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promotion of local seasonal produce

supply of ethically sourced materials

average heat loss through glazing form factor

7.69kWh/m2

1.2

EQUITY & LOCAL ECONOMY

raised vegetable gardens

LOCAL & SUSTAINABLE FOOD

support local food suppliers

south facade glazing ratio target: 10-20% actual: 10%

average heat gain through glazing

20.4kWh/m2

bus links and car club high speed internet provision maximum PTAL rating

long lasting affordability

no car parking shared surfaces for transport

east facade glazing ratio target: 10-15% actual: 36%

west facade glazing ratio target: 10-15% actual: 10%

roof u-value: 0.12

rail station close by dedicated walking & cycling routes to location

good acoustics good natural lighting resists overheating HEALTH & HAPPINESS

communal package store

TRAVEL & TRANSPORT

secure bicycle storage

homes are offered to local tenants first 100% social housing

additional investment into local initiatives and community schemes

local amenities

layouts meet lifetime home standards

double glazing u-value: 1.3

resists and improves local pollution levels use of low toxic materials and finishes units sized for flexibility development improves quality of surrounding area

sustainably sourced materials resiliant materials & finishes

retention of existing businesses within these spaces

circular economy plan for materials modular construction

road line pulled back

dry recycling

ZERO WASTE

central food recycling

protected cycle line runs through the central shared space

food waste recycling partner with local recycling schemes

creates residents club include communal amenities restores a historic landmark

upper walls u-value: 0.12 biodiverse planting includes wildlife habitats

lower walls u-value: 0.10

maintain and improves existing habitats uses a brownfield site use of local plants in landscape increase tree canopy percentage

absorption of nearby green spaces into site boundary to improve biodiversity

reuse of materials from existing buildings

engages with local community

provide communal spaces

creation of a shared surface

recycling of construction waste low material wastage in construction

north facade glazing ratio target: 10-20% actual: 8%

CULTURE & COMMUNITY

low toxicity materials

triple glazing u-value: 0.85

LAND & NATURE

low embodied carbon materials

MATERIALS & PRODUCTS

recyclable materials for disassembly at end of life

promotes local history

low water use fittings

u-value 70% improvement over Part L

Energy use < 35KWh/m .yr 2

Heating demand < 15KWh/m2.yr Provide energy guide for new resident

ZERO CARBON ENERGY

Air tightness less than 1m2/h.m2

SUSTAINABLE WATER

install water metres automated irrigation of communal gardens blue roof develop a SUDS strategy rainwater harvesting for WCs Water use less than 80L per person per day

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PRESENTATION LEARNING FROM HISTORY

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PRESENTATION ESTABLISHING A GRID

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PRESENTATION ITERATIONS OF LAYOUT DESIGNS

1 BED 1 PERSON 40sq.m LHDG Compliant: Not listed

6100

6100

1 BED 2 PERSON 55sq.m LHDG Compliant: Yes

3 BED 4 PERSON 77sq.m LHDG Compliant: Yes

3 BED 5 PERSON 92sq.m LHDG Compliant: Yes

6100

6100

3 BED 5 PERSON 83sq.m LHDG Compliant: No

2 BED 4 PERSON 77sq.m LHDG Compliant: Yes

6100

6100

3 BED 4 PERSON 83sq.m LHDG Compliant: Yes

1 BED 1 PERSON 37sq.m LHDG Compliant: Not listed

1 BED 2 PERSON 51sq.m LHDG Compliant: Yes

6100

6100

2 BED 4 PERSON 71sq.m LHDG Compliant: Yes

6100

2 BED 1 PERSON 45sq.m LHDG Compliant: No

ITERATION 05 BEST LIVING

6100

6100

6100

1 BED 1 PERSON 30sq.m LHDG Compliant: Not listed

2 BED 3 PERSON 57sq.m LHDG Compliant: No

6100

2 BED 2 PERSON 45sq.m LHDG Compliant: No

1 BED 2 PERSON 43sq.m LHDG Compliant: No

ITERATION 04 BETTER LIVING

6100

ITERATION 03 MADE OF MODULES

1 BED 2 PERSON 43sq.m LHDG Compliant: No

6100

2 BED 3 PERSON 45sq.m LHDG Compliant: No

ITERATION 02 SINGLE TYPE

6100

ITERATION 01 MAISONETTE UNITS

6100

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PRESENTATION ONE BED ONE PERSON LAYOUT window area to floor area ratio target < 25%

11%

BATHROOM 4.4sq.m BEDROOM 12.5sq.m

SERVICING + MEP - the flat is serviced by an MVHR unit which exchanges through the facade to the east

window area to wall area ratio

across the access route. This is a necessity in

target = 10-15%

ventilating the flat due to the high fabric

12%

efficiency of the facade.

- each unit has a HIU which distributes heat from a central plant room to provide domestic hot water on demand.

MVHR + HIU 2.1sq.m

- both of these units, as well as the bathroom

1 BED STUDIO 48sq.m

plumbing can be accessed from the corridor.

This means during servicing the client (Camden council or any housing association) does not need to enter the flat, minimising delay.

LIVING / KITCHEN / DINING 21.9sq.m

BALCONY 5sq.m

designed for Kusal Preference for a large single bedroom and the ability to work from home. He did not want a dedicated office space, but enough flexibility to be able to introduce a dedicted work station at a later date. To accompany this, he was also looking for a well daylit apartment.

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PRESENTATION THREE BED FIVE PERSON LAYOUT window area to floor area ratio target < 25%

11%

- Servicing becomes slightly trickier in the north of the site

BATHROOM 4.4sq.m

MVHR + HIU 2.1sq.m

SERVICING + MEP

BATHROOM 4.9sq.m

STORE 35sq.m window area to wall area ratio

where the access route borders

target = 10-15%

a party wall. However, due to the KITCHEN / LIVING / DINING 29.1sq.m

stacking of units within this sector, and the oversized nature

13%

of the MVHR cupboards, air duct can run up through the three floors and out through the roof.

BEDROOM 12.5sq.m

BEDROOM 12.3sq.m

BEDROOM 10.9sq.m

3 BED 5 BEDROOM 93sq.m designed for Courtney & Mae Preference for a two bedrooms and a dedicated office space. However, midway through the design process the couple received news that they were having triplets, and since BALCONY 10.3sq.m

requested additional space if possible. The office space is currently shown as a smaller bedroom, but if needed this can expand to subsume some of the living space.

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PRESENTATION FROM PUBLIC TO PRIVATE

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PRESENTATION DISASSEMBLY & END OF LIFE

P A N E L

Exploded Axo of Structure

Section through facade

P R O C E S S I N G

S TA G E 1 : O P T I M I S I N G S AW

S TA G E 2 : F I N G E R - J O I N T E R

Visual defects are marked and automatically cut out as necessary in the Optisaw

Boards up to 6” x 12” in cross section are structurally finger-jointed, creating continuous lamellas up to 60ft long

S TA G E 3 : P R O F I L E M O U L D E R

S TA G E 4 : D LT P R E S S

Each lamella is run through a moulder, ensuring exact board thickness and applying the many different profile options to the bottom of the board

Lamellas are automatically fed into the DLT press, where 10 tons of pressure are applied both vertically and horizontally on the panel. Hardwood dowels are hydraulically pressed into tight-fit holes drilled sideways through the panel

D O W E L L I N G

P R O C E S S

STEP 1: BOARDS PRESSED

STEP 2: HOLES DRILLED

STEP 3: DOWELS INSERTED

The first package of lamellas is automatically fed into the DLT machine and then hydraulically pressed vertically and horizontally to ensure a flat panel, and remove any gaps between boards

A drilling aggregate drills 3/4” diameter holes into the wide face of the lamellas with a custom-designed drill bit

The 3/4” diameter hardwood dowels are hydraulically pressed into the hole

S T E P 4 : P R O C E S S R E P E AT Additional packages of lamellas are pushed into the DLT press and dowelled into the previous packages until a full width panel is created

8

Tamedia Headquarters, Zurich (Shigeru Ban)

Column / Beam Connection Detail

Partially assembled joint detail

STEP 5: MOISTURE EQUILIBRIUM

DOWELS

As the drier dowel comes into moisture equilibrium with the surrounding lumber, it expands, creating a tight friction fit between the two materials

StructureCraft DLT Design & Profile Guide © V4.0 – USA

9

Manufacture of dowel laminated timber

Ikea's wedge connection detail

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PRESENTATION OVERVIEW OF STRUCTURAL LAYOUT

DOWEL LAMINATED TIMBER CROSS LAMINATED TIMBER GLUE LAMINATED TIMBER

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PRESENTATION DEALING WITH FIRE B3 (1) INTERNAL FIRE SPREAD (STRUCTURE) The building shall be designed and constructed so that, in the event of fire, its stability will be maintained for a reasonable period

STRUCTURAL (FIRE) SAFETY OBJECTIVE

PROVISION OF ADEQUATE TIME Low-rise buildings where occupants may sleep and medium-rise buildings where occupants are awake and familiar.

Evacuation time is relatively fast and fire fighting is mainly external

FIRE SAFETY SOLUTION Fully-exposed, partially protected or encapsulated with the assembly achieving the relevant fire resistance performance recommended in standard guidance

DEMONSTRATING SELF-EXTINCTION IS A PREREQUISITE FOR COMPLIANCE WITH B3 (1) IF WE WANT AN EXPOSED SURFACE

LIKELIHOOD OF SURVIVING BURN-OUT Medium rise buildings where occupants may sleep and high-rise buildings Evacuation is protraced and fire brigade intervention is typically internal

FIRE SAFETY SOLUTION Structure is either prevented as contributing as a source of fuel through full encapsulation adequate to prevent pyrolysis for the full duration of the design fire resistance period.

This is not necessarily possible with a cross laminated timber product as there is an abrupt loss in strength when char reaches a layer perpendicular to the span.

This is not the case with dowel laminated timber as all the wood fibre is parallel to the primary span. A typical sizing of the product has demonstrated a 2hr fire resistance rating Problems can also be avoided with the fire performance of the adhesives in CLT, as DLT is a homogenous product.

PERMISSIBLE COMPLIANCE ROUTE

Consequence Class

Consequences of Failure

Occupancy of residential buildings

Guidance Base

Performance Base

Class 1

Low

Single occupancy house not exceeding 4 storeys

Yes

Yes

Class 2A

Low to medium

5 storey single occupancy houses Flats, apartments and other residential buildings not exceeding 4 storeys

Yes

Yes

Hotels, flats, apartments and other residential buildings greater than 4 storeys but not exceeding 15 storeys

Yes

No residential buildings

No

Class 2B

Class 3

Upper risk group (medium)

High

The proposal is also under 11m in height which means it avoids the regulations surrounding the combustibility of external cladding. Nevertheless, the chosen route forward, with the choice of a Yakisugi style cedar shingle means that the external cladding is also fire resistant.

Wood is composed of two compounds - cellulose and lignin. The former is softer and more reactive to fire, the

Yes

latter is tougher and will only burn under much high temperatures. Through Yakisugi, the cellulose layer is burned off, exposing the lignin layer resulting in significantly increase fire resistance.

Yes

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PRESENTATION TIMBER SOURCING BREAKDOWN OF OUR TIMBER TRADE 60

1200 Cumulative Biomass Sequestration (tCO2e/ha)

50

Timber Consumption (million m3)

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40

30

import

20

10

production export

0 2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

Optimum Harvest Point

1000

800

Carbon sequestered by Sitka Spruce, Yield Class 14, 2m Spacing

600

400

200 2017

Year 0 0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Years since planting

TWO KEY ELEMENT TO CERTIFICATION SCHEMES: Source (clockwise) Sweden

1 FOREST CERTIFICATION

Germany Finland Latvia Netherlands Ireland Belgium Austria Poland

Provides indepent third party evidence that the forest of origin is being managed in accordance with the requirements of an accredited forest management standard 2 CHAIN OF CUSTODY CERTIFICATION This enables timber suppliers to provide independent third party evidence of an unbroken path from the forest to the consumer, including all stages of manufacturing, transportation and distribution.

Estonia Other (EU) Canada Russia

BREAKDOWN OF WHERE OUR TIMBER IMPIORTS COME FROM

TIMBER PROCESSING PLANTS WITHIN GREAT BRITAIN

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PRESENTATION OPPORTUNITIES FOR MODERN METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION

Kengo Kuma’s Prostho Museum

Tom Parson’s catalogue of work

Atelier Cube’s Vidy Pavilion

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PRESENTATION OVERVIEW OF DETAILS

D6

D15

D3 D11

D2

D9

D7

D1

D8

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PRESENTATION DETAIL 01 - EXISTING WALL / NEW FLOOR Level 02 +6.250m AOD 3587.50mm

REPAIR & REUSE - cleaning and repair of the stone dressings - cleaning and repointment of the brickwork (original 1895 red brick in english bond) - restoration of the decorative metal work around the window openings, to be integrated into new triple glazed windows.

INTERVENTIONS 2530mm

- external dividers and trellis works between flats which integrates a visual identity for the commercial / community units along the 1740mm

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ground floor. This is of greater importance where balconies are located.

- deep internal window reveals create opportunities for workspace or bespoke seating arrangements.

Level 01 +3.100m AOD

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PRESENTATION DETAIL 03 - NEW WALL / NEW FLOOR

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PRESENTATION DETAIL 06 - NEW WALL / NEW BALCONY

hidden gutter balcony tied back to structural frame Yakisugi timber shingles shallow window reveals provide greater internal space thin but tall window reduce risk of internal overheating whilst maximising daylight (see previous research) triple glazed window (rationel auraplus) window board with insulation below silicon seal with backing road 25mm insulation under window to improve thermal performance

balcony depth create solar shading for the floors below whilst not removing daylight

windows at L02 sit behind the parapet along which external amenity is created

airtight tape fixed to window for continuous air barrier timber "keys" lock in structure clt panel tied back to structural frame

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PRESENTATION DETAIL 07 - EXISTING WALL / NEW BALCONY

line of structure above

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introduction of timber reveal with cavity closer

clt balcony forms connection which "locks" the grade II listed structure to the dlt structure

retention of existing window line with repair to brickwork triple glazed window (rationel auraplus) window board with insulation below drainage solution within clt panel reinstatement of ironwork to match 1850s design intent airtight tape fixed to window for continuous air barrier glulam beam (450x450mm) clt panel tied back to structural frame

FLOOR CONSTRUCTION - wood flooring

20mm

- insulation

50mm

- orientated strand board

20mm

- dowel laminated timber panel (span: 1.8m) INDUSTRIAL appearence grade

300mm

- ventilated cavity

20mm

- wood fibre insulation

150mm

- fibreboard

22mm

- 2 x plasterboard

26mm

- timber ceiling

14mm

Total

622mm

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PRESENTATION DETAIL 08 - GLULAM STRUCTURE

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PRESENTATION DETAIL 09 - GLULAM STRUCTURE

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PRESENTATION DETAIL 15 - FLEXIBLE PARTITIONS INTERNAL PARTITIONS - 25mm cross laminated timber panel - 50mm rockwool insulation - 25mm cross laminated timber panel

An acoustic performance of roughly 42dB of sound reduction, which is more than adequate for internal walls.

PARTITION STRATEGY - 100mm partitons slot into a predefined grid within the structure, and are fastened with a "locking" member.

- insulation and flooring then sit above this - when the arrangement needs adjusting, the lock is removed and the 1m wide panels can be taken out and repositioned.

avoiding connecting directly into the structure

timber key "locks" the partition into position

mitigates any risk to the noise and fire

DLT FLOOR the partition connection points form part of the

500mm

attenuation.

floor structure. these 50mm nibs connect to the partitions and ensure continuity is kept within the fire and acoustic strategy

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RESEARCH AIMS 1. To understand the impact that current regulations and frameworks have on the industry

AFFORDABLE

2. To identify the barriers stopping stakeholder from tackling their emissions 3. To discuss whether these barriers are real or perceived

£2300/sq.m

4. To expore potential opportunities arising from clean construction

ADAPTABLE variety of layouts

LOW CARBON 500kgCO2e/sq.m

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£2,066 per sq.m

AFFORDABLE

plus a 4% cost saving over traditional construction methods

Retention and Repair of Existing Structure Frame & Core Upper Floors Roof Roof Finish Stairs External Walls / Windows / Doors / Balconies Internal Walls & Partitions Internal Doors Internal Finishes Fittings & Furnishings MEP Contingencies

Leasing, Management, Shared Spaces

£1,600k

Contingencies

£1,400k

MEP

£1,200k

Fittings / Furnishings

£800k

Ceiling Finishes

£600k

Floor Finishes

£400k

Wall Finishes

£200k

Internal Doors

£1,000k

Internal Walls & Partitions

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3 TYPES

ADAPTABLE

? ADAPTATIONS LIVE ENERGY USE FEEDBACK

POST CONSTRUCTION SURVEY

DESIGN PROCESS

NEW RESIDENT

CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

NEW RESIDENT

AMY LANETT (27) ADMIN ASSISTANT JOE ADAMS (26) NURSE

suitability for ST PANCRAS ROAD

CONSTRUCTION COMPLETION

NEW RESIDENT

Spatial Preferences double bedroom large kitchen area large living area undecorated

Facility Preferences gym source of local produce potential space to work from home

Spatial Preferences double bedroom single bedroom lots of storage no carpet

Facility Preferences creche work from home facility access to network of young families

Location Preferences close to victoria line within camden borough

Financial Preferences up to £500 a month in rent flexible payments no additional charges

Location Preferences access to parks limited air pollution

Financial Preferences none

NEW RESIDENT COURTENEY GIBSON (26) GRAPHIC DESIGNER MAE ANDERSON (23) SPORTS THERAPIST

KUSAL SUBASINGHE (24) GAME DESIGNER

JACK LYCKE (31) RECRUITER SARAH PINNICK (28) TRAINEE LAWYER LIAM (2) suitability for ST PANCRAS ROAD

HOME OCCUPANCY

suitability for ST PANCRAS ROAD

Spatial Preferences large office good natural lighting one bedroom

Facility Preferences cycle storage communal working spaces space to hire

Location Preferences close to public transport quiet

Financial Preferences flexible payments option to lease furniture

ENERGY MODELLING FEEDBACK

SOCIAL VALUE (WEMWBS)

ENERGY USE MONITORING

CARBON EMISSIONS TRACKING

HOME IMPROVEMENT

USER SATISFACTION SURVEY

WITH CONSULTATION & DESIGN PROCESS

CONTINUED INDUSTRY RESEARCH

a design process which allows for user adaptation and feedback at all stages.

WITH HOME & FACILITIES

suitability for ST PANCRAS ROAD

Spatial Preferences two bedrooms ensuite good acoustic finish decorated work from home area

Facility Preferences community groups community spaces for hire connection to existing communities

Location Preferences access to parks/green space nearby cycle routes good air quality

Financial Preferences possibility to rent additional space for storage £700 a month rent max

LIFESTYLE IMPACT

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280 2 kgCO2e/m

LOW CARBON * not included in total calculations

excl. sequestration Carbon Footprint of Proposal Not including Sequestration 1140

Carbon Footprint of Proposal Including Sequestration

1204

Services

1038

49

921

Carbon Footprint (tCO2)

Carbon Footprint (tCO2)

Internal finishes Internal walls

64

l a i t n e d i Res

cial emolition r e m m D Co

on* i t n e t e R

n* cial on sidential i o r i t e i t l n o m e t m m Re Re De Co

38

-24

Superstructure -893

21

-28

Upper floors

Substructure*

19

-21

Roof -610

32

-4

External walls

-589

0

55

-51

Windows

0

14

-21

52

-42 -65 0

embodied carbon of building elements (kgCO2e/m2)

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PRESENTATION ARCHITECTURE AS A PROMOTIONAL TOOL

COME ON A JOURNEY WITH YOUR NEW HOME

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THANK YOU FOR LISTENING

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