Camera Components - - Shutter Button - Pressing this button will release the shutter. It has two stages. Half-pressing the button activates the AF function and pressing it fully releases the shutter. - Microphone - Some cameras allow you to place a microphone at this part of the camera. This enables to record sound with the camera. Some cameras already have the camera attached. - Lens - It is an optical lens used in conjunction with a camera body to make images or objects either on film or a different platform. There are standard lenses, macro lenses and telephoto lenses. - Image sensor - It is an electronic device that converts an optical image into an electronic signal. This is used in digital cameras. - Red-eye Reduction/Self-timer Lamp – If red-eye reduction is enabled on the camera, half-pressing the shutter button will light up this lamp when you use the built-in flash. When you set the self-timer, this lamp will blink until the picture is taken.
- Settings
- You are able to change anything and see what settings the camera is on. - Viewfinder - This is what photographers look through to compose and focus on an image before they take it. - Memory Card - This is where the memory card is inserted and where you’re able to save images on to the card from the camera. - File storage - When you save everything on your memory card, you are then able to go on a computer and edit those photos on photoshop and other software’s. You then save your photos as a Jpeg or RAW.
Digital Equipment Compact Cameras - This is also referred to as point-andshoot. This is one of the most popular cameras, indicating that this is a fantastic camera. - Advantage - Better image stabilising function. - Disadvantage - It has a touch screen which means that when you are taking a picture, it wouldn’t be as steady. DSLRs (Digital Single Lens Reflex) - These are the most serious and professional cameras. - Advantage - As the camera has larger sizes, the images are more detailed and clearer. - Disadvantage - The camera is twice as heavy as a regular camera. Mirrorless- It has a single, removable lens and uses a digital display system rather than an optical viewfinder. - Advantage - It’s lighter, more compacted, faster and better for video. - Disadvantage - It is more expensive if you want different features. Action Video Camera - It is designed for filming action. It is typically compact and rugged, and also waterproof at surface. - Advantage - They aren’t heavy and can be carried around easily. - Disadvantage - The accessories that come with the camera cost as much as the camera.
Digital Equipment Large Format Camera -These cameras where usually used in the 1930s- 1950s. These cameras are used to take portraits of people. - Advantage - You can take large images on these cameras. - Disadvantage - They have to be manually taken and not automatically like other cameras.
Medium Format Cameras - They are referred to as a film format in still photography. These cameras use film. - Advantage - The speed is very fast especially when it comes to uploading these photos. - Disadvantage - When you crop these photos, you are not able to crop a lot off. Camcorder - It allows the users to use a video camera and a video recorder. - Advantage - Camcorders are always focused when someone is recording something. - Disadvantage - If someone wants to record something that is really far away, they’re not able to do so. GoPro - This is a type of extreme sports camera. You are able to go underwater with this camera and take automatic photos. - Advantage - This camera is waterproof allowing the user to go underwater with it to take photos. - Disadvantage - The accessories that come with the camera are really expensive and could cost more than the camera.
Lighting Flash (Portable) - Flash lighting is used in photography to help illuminate a dark scene. In modern cameras the flash is already built into the camera.
Flash (Studio) - Refers to one or more floor-standing lights that are typically used to illuminate a subject in a studio environment.
Studio lighting (Tungsten) - Refers to an artificial lighting source (e.g. a lamp) that emits heat and produces a “warmer� colour. It is distinguished from fluorescent lighting.
Light-emitting diode (LED) - When using LED lighting, you will always see where and how the light is falling on the subject, making it easier to figure out exactly how to place things and at what power to get the best shot.
Lighting Reflectors - A reflector is an improvised or specialised reflective surface used to redirect light towards a given subject or scene.
Natural light - This lighting that is from the sunlight. They do not use any artificial lighting in the photos just from the sunlight.
Colour temperature (warm and cold) - Characterizations of the spectral properties of a light source and is commonly used during the production phase in the film and photography industries.
- Low colour temperature is warmer, more yellow light. - High colour temperature is colder, more blue light.
Camera support Tripod - This is used to stabilize and elevate a camera or other apparatus. As the tripod stabilizes the camera, this will make the photo sharper. Advantage: - The stability of the tripod. Disadvantage - Tripod’s can be clumsy.
Monopod - These are different from tripods. Monopods can’t support a camera independently. If you are using a still camera, then this limits the shutter speed. Advantage: - They are cheaper to buy. Disadvantage: - You can’t use these for long exposure photography.
Camera support Hand-held - This helps prevents the camera moving when a photographer is taking a photo or video. Small hand-held cameras, a harness or contoured frame steadies the camera against the photographer’s body. Advantage: - It helps steady the camera without fail. Disadvantage: - They are really expensive especially for a good one.
Drone - With a drone you are able to control it with a remote control. The person controlling the drone is able to fly it in the sky to capture events on tape.
Advantage: - Drones are not so expensive so it is easy to buy. Disadvantage: - They can be dangerous. Some drones can crash and hurt someone.
Exposure Correct exposure
Underexposed
Correct exposure means your Underexposure combination of settings bemeans it has a loss of tween aperture, shutter speed shadow detail, that is, and ISO speed have produced when important dark a perfectly exposed image. areas are “muddy” When nothing is blown out or indistinguishable (highlights) or lost in shadow in from black, known as an image, it has achieved cor- ‘blocked-up shadows’. rect exposure.
Overexposed
Overexposed means when a picture has too much light which leads to the photo being too bright. If you’re shooting with the wrong camera settings, the result can also be overexposed images.
Auto-exposure bracketing
Auto-exposure bracketing. Many digital cameras have a setting for AEB. The camera will automatically takes three or more shots, each at a different exposure.
HDR
HDR means the difference between the lightest light and darkest dark you can capture in a photo. The camera will take many photos at different exposure levels, and then will be merged together with a type of software to create a better picture.
Image manipulation Image manipulation involves transforming or altering a photograph using various methods and techniques to achieve desired results. Remove unwanted material - to remove material you can use the eraser tool. Resize images - To be able to resize an image, you will need to go to the image tab, select the image size tab and type in the measurements you want for your image. Covert and compress files - To convert and compress files you need to select the files tab and then select the import tab. There you are able to compress the file into any file and convert the file. When you convert the file, you can save it onto your desktop instead of leaving it in photoshop.
Exporting and storing of files File transfer from a digital camera - You can do this by taking the memory card out of the camera and inserting it into your computer. Advantage - It’s the quickest method to do. Disadvantage - Not all computers will have a slot to put your memory card in. File transfer from a smart device - Use a cable and plug it into your computer, and you can save them to your computer. Advantage - You only need to plug in a cable to transfer the files. Disadvantage - Some phone cables might not work in specific computers, so the user needs to be careful. File formatting (JPEG) - JPEG is a common method of lossy compression for digital images, particularly for those images produced by digital photography. You are able to open JPEG files on majority platforms. Advantage - The files are a small size. Disadvantage - The image may “fall apart� into individual squares.
File formatting (RAW) - RAW is an image file format used by professional digital cameras. RAW files are considered to be the best form of image file, since it does not process the picture, leaving total control of the editing to the user. RAW file size is much larger than JPEG files Advantage - When shooting with RAW, your camera will give you the highest quality it can. Disadvantage - It will take up more space.
Exporting and storing of files File compression (lossless) - This compression reduces a file’s size with no loss of quality. Lossless compression rewrites the data of the original file in a more efficient way. As there is no quality lost, the resulting files are typically much larger than image. Advantage - You see exactly what the camera saw, without compromise. Disadvantage - The image files are much larger.
File compression (lossy) - Lossy compression means that some data from the original image file is lost. This process is irreversible. Once you have compressed an image this way, you can’t go back. JPEGS and GIFS are all lossy image formats. Advantage - It significantly reduces the size of the image file. Disadvantage - It loses its quality.
Storing (hard drive) - Storing on a hard drive means you are able to put things on there and open them onto your computer. This is handy because you can take this whether you want as it isn’t big to carry around with you. Advantage - Majority of hard drives have a lot of space meaning you can put a lot of things onto it. Disadvantage - The hard drive may crash and can cause technical problems with your computer.
Exporting and storing of files Storage (cloud storage) - Cloud storage is a service model in which data is maintained, managed, backed up remotely and made available to users over a network. You usually have to pay to have cloud storage. Advantage - The speed of this process is really fast. This is a big must when it comes to storage. Disadvantage - You need to pay for storage and depending on the person and how much storage they need, it might be a lot of money.
Storage (memory stick) - A memory stick is a data storage device that includes flash memory with an integrated USB interface. This is really handy as it is easy to carry, and you can insert this into any computer or laptop. Memory sticks have a lot of storage which is really usual for a lot of people. Advantage - It is very affordable which is why so many people have this. Disadvantage - A memory stick is really small, and you can lose it really easily.