Residential and commercial complex building

Complex building (commercial and residential) By: • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Omar hamdy Ibrahim eid Mohamed Samir elsodany Mahmoud elsayed fayed Ahmed abdollah elsherbeny Noran ahmed abo elanene Noran ahmed aboelazm Norhan elsayed amen Norhan mohmed ali Yara Khaled Yare abdelmoneam khalifa Yasmine Mohamed Mariam Hossam hassan Nada tarek elsodany

1

5. Underground parking 3. Commercial part.

Pg.5

3.1. Categories Pg.5

3.2. Main zoning

1. Introduction Pg.3

Pg.5

3.3. Entrances Pg.5

3.4. Corridors layout

2. Planning standards Pg.4

2.1. Site requirements Pg.4

2.2. Public entrances Pg.4

2.3. Morphology

Pg.6

3.5. Parts Pg.6

3.6. Atriums Pg.11

3.7. Services Pg.12

Pg.4

2.4. Morphology classification Pg.4

3.8. Structure system Pg.14

5.1. Parking areas

4. Residential part.: 4.1. Categories Pg.15

4.2. Design standards Pg.15

Pg.22

5.2. Visitor parking Pg.22

5.3. Services parking

7. Reference

Pg.24 Pg.36

4.3. Flat distribution Pg.15

4.4. Main zoning Pg.15

4.5. Furniture size Pg.16

4.6. Services Pg.16

4.7. LEED Pg.18

4.8. Structure system Pg.19

4.9. Egyptian code Pg.21

6. Examples 6.1. Example I Pg.25

6.2. Example II Pg.29

6.3. Example III Pg.34

2

1. Introduction: • What are complex buildings ?

Complex buildings are buildings which used for multi-purpose such as residential with commercial.

• Residential includes : 1. Single Family, Detached Homes.

2. Duplex, Triplex, Fourplex.

3. Townhouse.

4. Some housing co-operatives.

5. Studios.

• Commercial includes : 1. Land Investments.

2. Office Buildings.

3. Retail Space.

4. Storage Units.

5. Industrial Buildings.

• Commercial and Residential properties have significant key differences including Building Materials, Codes, Cost, Construction Equipment, and Construction time.

3

2. Planning and site standards: 2.1. Site requirements:

2.3. Morphological Classification (examples):

• Required entrances( public entrance , entrance to parking and service entrance) .

• Location convenient for doctor’s surgery, shops, post office and public phone, bank, school, play facilities, park, public transport, sports facilities.

• Integrated with surrounding area.

• Clear delineation of public, communal, and private spaces.

• Public spaces connected by well-lit routes.

Fig1. morphology examples .

2.2. Public entrance: • It should be a transitional area from outside to inside.

• Using high quality materials plus tree planting elements.

• In buildings more than 15,000 m2, width > 3.5 m.

• Slow down street is required with street signs.

2.4. Morphological Classification (examples): Residential

commercial

admin

Services

Building services

30-40%

50-60% total building area

1-2%

9-14%

5-10%

flats

Retails

Management

Kitchens

Structure system

studios Hotel rooms others

Sitting areas others

Offices Security Others

Stores circulation Others

Walls

Fig2. Partitions percentage

4

3. Commercial partition: 3.3. Entrances:

3.1. Commercial partition Categories : Retails 40-50%

Enterta inment

admin 1-2%

others

others

manager Workers management Offices Security Others

15-20%

3.2. Main zoning:

Visitors'

Food court Restaurants

parking circulation

Coffee sops

WCs

others

Storages others

Fig3. Commercial Partitions percentage

Entrances

Services

20-15%

10-15% Shop Cinemas Supermarket Kids area

Food and beverages

Residents

Service

3.3.1: Visitors entrance: • Entrances should be unique and obvious to the eye.

• It should be separated from the resident entrance.

• 90% of entrances should be directly connected to the parking area, main entrance connected with a drop off.

Fig5. entrance example

3.3.2: Resident entrance: • should be able to have unlimited access to the commercial part using elevators.

3.3.3: Services entrance: • Service entrance should be invisible to the public eye.

• It should be next to the storages and loading bays.

• Required ramps with 1:8 to 10 slope ratio.

Fig4. Zoning and relations

5 Fig6. entrance dimensions

The width of corridors in malls 5.4 to 8 or 9 meters and the corridor should serve all sections with low level of cross circulation for example:

3.5. Partions: supermarkets

Cinema

Retails

3. Commercial partition

3.4. corridors and layout:

Food court

3.5.1. Supermarket:

A. sections:

Fig8. Mall zoning

Fig9. Details Fig7. corridors ideas in mall

6

3. Commercial partition

B. Plan with zoning:

Fig10. supermarket example

Fig11. standard area

7

3. Commercial partition

3.5.2. Cinema: A. Main notes: • Minimum corridor width is 1.5m.

• Minimum door width is 2 meters.

• Ceilings, floors and walls are designed from sound dispersive materials.

Fig12. Cinema zoning

Fig15. standard section dimensions

Fig12. Standard dimensions

B. Details: Fig16. Distribution of seats

C. WCs and emergency:

Fig13. seat details and standard

• Cinemas has separate WCs, isolated from the public WCs. • Two emergency exits in lowest and highest level is required.

Fig17. WCs numbers Fig14. A cinema section example

8

A. Retails area: Standard area of retails are (Nx1.5)x(Mx1.5) referring to the grid dimensions which used in Malls. With minimum height of 3.6 meter.

It is a must to make a corridor with 1.1 minimum width in the back of my retails. This corridor is used to delivering goods and emergency escape also

B. Retails Entrances: There are many types of retails doors the minimum width is 1.1 metes, for example:

Fig19. Serving corridor example

D. Best practice: • Locate the entrance along the main pedestrian route to the store with maximize the window display area.

• Design the entrance in proportion with the storefront, accentuating the height and creating an inviting setting.

• . Visually emphasize the entrance by using architectural elements such as projected or recessed walls, signage and more prominent colors and finishes.

• Enhance the entrance area by using high quality materials.

9 Fig18. Retails façade required

3. Commercial partition

C. Retail services:

3.5.3. Retails in Malls:

3. Commercial partition

C. Service circulation:

3.5.4. Food court: Food Court Cash Desk 10%

Dining Area 40% - 60%

Coffee Bar 10%

Kitchen 2 5%

A. Main zoning:

D. Example:

Fig22. Service circulation and requirements

Fig20. food court zoning

B. Dining area: • • •

• • •

The dining hall should be very close to the kitchen and bathrooms.

If there is a landscape, it is preferred to head towards it.

It should be close to the entrance and parking .

The width of the emergency exit should be 1 meter for every 150 people.

Door width is not less than 120 cm in width, and the window area ratio is 1:10 of the total area.

Fig21. tables required dimensions

Fig23. food court example

10

3.6. Atriums:

3. Commercial partition

3.6.3. Atriums area:

3.6.1. What is that? : • is a large open air or skylight covered space surrounded by a building, providing light and ventilation to the interior.

• The atrium space type requires flexibility, durable finishes, attention to regular maintenance, and special HVAC systems and lighting.

3.6.2. Atriums types:

Fig25. Atriums area

3.6.4. Atriums advantages:

Fig24. Atriums types

11

C. Escalator:

3.7.1. Vertical circulations:

Vertical circulation between storeys requires escalators, featured lifts and stairs designed to stimulate interest. These are usually located in a spacious central concourse or atrium, at junctions or corners and within the large space users.

A. Lifts: • Lift for each 150 visitor (not accurate).

Fig26. Lifts details

Fig28. Escalator details

B. Stairs: • •

• • • •

3.7.2. WCs:

Stairs should be near lifts maximum 16 steps between landings and minimum 3 Maximum distance of any location to stairs is 35m. landings are required in legally essential stairways with a storey height of ≥ 2750 mm Landing width ≥ stair width It is preferred in hotels to make stairs width 1850mm for 3 people or 1250mm for 2 people (not preferred).

Fig27. stairs details

Fig29. WCs numbers

12

3. Commercial partition

3.7. Services:

3. Commercial partition

3.7.3. Emergency exits: A. Wall fire resistance:

C. Emergency stairs:

• Sales outlets are to be divided into fire compartments with partitioning walls built like fire walls.

• The permissible areas of fire compartments on each floor are:

Fig30. fire wall max distance

B. Retails emergency exits: • It is a must to make a corridor behind the retails with 1.2m minimum width

Fig32. emergency stairs exits

C. Required Ceiling height:

13 Fig31. emergency exits

Fig33. Ceiling details

Loads transmission: The upper floors

Flat slap

Vierendeel

frames

3. Commercial partition

3.8. Structure systems for malls: External columns

vierendeelel

Others

• Recommended structure grid is Nx1.5:

3.8.1. Vierendeel: • •

Space between vierendeel beams (vierendeel grider): 4-6 m.

Loads transmission: The upper floors >> Vierendeel >>External columns.

Fig34. Vierendeel loads

Fig35. 3D section of Vierendeel

14

4. Residential partition: 4.3. Types of flat distribution :

4.1. Residential Categories : Residential apartments Dwelling per floor

Rooms per flat

4.2. Design standards : 4.2.1 Standards : Orientations

Area per person North: for (25 m2 living areas +15m2 for and long side each of my building additional East: for person ) / bedrooms and N. of corridors floors per South: person services and vertical circulations

Ceiling Height Minimu m 2.7 meters

Emergency exits Every 30 meters for an emergency stair

Ventilatio n Natural ventilatio n is desirable

Window area Variable depends on the room

Require d grids 1.2 to 1.5

corridors 0.9-1.5 m2 for 2 flats in floor 1.8 to 2 for 4 flats in floor

4.2.2 The area of the residential unit and its components:

• Living room/bedroom/kitchen/bathroom (max. 60 m2).

• Living room/master bedroom/another room/kitchen/bathroom (max. 90 m2).

• Living room/master bedroom/2 rooms/kitchen/bathroom/Toilet (max. 110 m2).

• Living room/master bedroom/2 rooms/kitchen/2 bathrooms/Toilet (max. 95 m2).

Fig36. core distribution examples

4.4. Main zoning :

15 Fig37. Flat zoning

4.6. Services:

4. Commercial partition

4.5. Furniture depending on dwelling size:

4.6.1. Vertical circulation: A. Core ,Stairs and lifts:

Fig39. cores and number of flats in floor

3.4.2. Table for separated lifts Levels served

Population per floor

Net area served

Load (Persons)

Speed

5

64 70 77

3 200 3 500 3 850

8 10 13

1.60

6

40 44 47

2 400 2 640 2 820

8 10 13

1.60

7

29 31

2 030 2 170

10 13

1.60

• The standard lift size is 1.1 x 1.4 x 2.2 • The door width is 0.8 m Fig38. Furniture size

Fig40. Lifts number

16

C. Garbage Chutes :

• maximum travel distance is 30m.

• adding self-closing door each 30 m.

• Exit width doors should be ≤ stair width

• An important service for towers .

• There is a . Garbage Chutes for every time of garbage ( bio , plastic etc..).

• In underground there is a room for collecting the garbage .

Fig41. max travel distance

Fig41. max travel standards

Fig42. self closing doors

Fig43. Garbage Chutes requirements

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4. Commercial partition

B. Emergency stairs:

4. Commercial partition

4.7. Sustainability and Sustainable residential buildings : 3.7.1. LEED for residential building • LEED is a rating system that contain • ns significant sustainability design criteria in building construction .

• GPRS The Green Pyramid Rating System is a national environmental rating system for buildings. It provides definitive criteria by which the environmental credentials of buildings can be evaluated, and the buildings themselves can be rated .

• Green Pyramid Category Category Weighting 1: Sustainable Site, Accessibility, Ecology 15% 2: Energy Efficiency 25% 3: Water Efficiency 30% 4: Materials and Resources 10% 5: Indoor Environmental Quality 10% 6: Management 10% 7: Innovation and Added Value Bonus GPRS : EGYPTIAN GREEN PYRAMID RATING SYSTEM

SUSTAINABLE SITE

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

WATER EFFICIENCY MATERIALS AND RESOURCES INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT

1. Credit Points for Site Selection: Redeveloping informal areas Redeveloping Accessibility: Transport infrastructure connection - Catering for remote sites - Alternative methods of transport) 2. Ecological balance : (Protection of habitat - Respect for sites of historic or cultural interest - Minimizing pollution during construction ) 1.

2.

3.

4.

1.

2.

3.

1.

2.

3.

1.

2.

3.

1.

2.

Energy Efficiency Improvement Passive External Heat Gain\loss Reduction Renewable Energy Sources: Peak Load Reduction: electrical load is must not to be more than 60% greater than the project Indoor Water Efficiency Improvement: Outdoor Water Efficiency Improvement: Waste water management : Use of recycled materials: Use of readily renewable materials: Use of lightweight materials: Optimized Ventilation: Controlling emissions from building materials: Thermal Comfort: Site Environmental: Protecting water sources from pollution Providing a Building User Guide

Fig44. the relative importance given to each environmental impact category.

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4.8. Structure systems : Structural typology: Interior structures

Exterior structures

4. Commercial partition

4.8.1. Interior structures A. Rigid Frames: • The moment-resisting frame (MRF) consists of horizontal (girder) and vertical (column) members rigidly connected in a planar grid form.

Span

Spacing

Up to 12m 12m – 18m 18m – 30m More than 30m

4.8m 5.5m 6m 1\5 or 1\6 of span

B. Shear wall hinged frame: • Huge reduction in the size and number of columns.

• Cost of construction less as compared to frame without shear wall.

• It is more resistant to Earthquake.

• Speed of construction is fast.

Fig45. suitable structure systems in towers .

19 Fig46. Interior structure details .

3.8.2.1. TUBE IN TUBE: • Exterior column spacing should be from (1.5 to 4.5m) on centers.

• Practical spandrel beam depths should vary from 0.6 to 1.2m

Category

Sub category Framed tube

steel concrete

Braced tube

steel

Tube system Bundled tube Tube in tube

3.8.2.2. Braced frame: • instead of using closely spaced perimeter columns, it is possible to stiffen the widely spaced columns by diagonal braces.

• The diagonals of a trussed tube connected to columns at each.

• The columns can be more widely spaced, and the sizes of spandrels and columns can be smaller than those needed for framed tubes.

Material

DIAGRID SYSTEM

--------------

SPACETRUSS STRUCTURE

--------------

SUPERFRAMES

--------------

EXO-SKELETON

--------------

Efficient height limit 80 60 100 (with interior columns) 150 (without interior columns) 100 110 110

concrete steel concrete Framed tube steel or concrete (core) steel 80 or concrete steel 100 concrete 60 steel

150

steel concrete steel

160 100 100

Fig48. exterior structure types .

20 Fig47. exterior structure details .

4. Commercial partition

4.8.2. Exterior structures

‫‪4. Commercial partition‬‬

‫‪4.9. Egyptian Code in residential building:‬‬ ‫✓‬ ‫✓‬ ‫✓‬ ‫✓‬

‫✓‬

‫✓‬

‫✓‬ ‫✓‬ ‫✓‬

‫✓‬ ‫✓‬ ‫✓‬

‫✓‬ ‫✓‬

‫مادة ‪:93‬يكون الحد االدنى لصافى االرتفاع الداخلى للطابق الواحد ‪ 2.7‬م‪ ،‬ويجوز ان يقل األرتفاع المذكور الى ‪ 2.3‬م للمداخل‬ ‫والطرقات الداخلية والحمامات وغرف الغسيل‪.‬‬ ‫مادة ‪ :94‬يجب اال يقل المسطح الداخلى لغرف المبنى او مرافقه عما يلى ‪:‬‬ ‫مادة ‪ : 95‬يجب تهيئة دورة مياه لخدمة المترددين على المحالت التجارية‪.‬‬ ‫على فناء‬ ‫مادة ‪ : 96‬يجب ان يكون لكل غرفة او مرفق من مرافق البناء فتحة او عدة فتحات للتهوية واألضاءة الطبيعية وتطل‬ ‫وأن تكون مساحة الفتحات ال تقل عن‪:‬‬ ‫• ‪ %8‬من مسطح مساحة الغرفة‬ ‫• ‪ %10‬من مسطح اى مرفق من مرافق البناء‪.‬‬ ‫• ال تسرى هذه االحكام على المداخل والطرقات وصاالت التوزيع وابار المصاعد والمناور‪.‬‬ ‫• اال يقل ارتفاع جلسة الشباك عن ‪0.9‬م اال فى حالة وجود بلكونات امام هذة الشبابيك او وجود مانعات سقوط بارتفاع ال يقل عن‬ ‫‪0.9‬م‬ ‫مادة ‪ : 97‬يكون الحد األدنى لعروض االبواب ‪:‬‬ ‫• الغرف السكنية والمكاتب ‪ 80‬سم‬ ‫• المطابخ والحمامات ودورات المياه ‪70‬سم‬ ‫• الجراجات ‪ 280‬سم‬ ‫• المحالت التجارية ‪100‬سم‬ ‫مادة ‪ :99‬فى حالة وجود غرف او مرافق ال يتيسر لها فتح نوافذ مطله على الطريق او الفناء يجوز عمل ارتدادات( منور الجيب )‬ ‫ويشترط اال يتجاوز عمق االرتداد ضعف ادنى عرضه‪.‬‬ ‫مادة ‪ :101‬ال يجوز اقامة ساللم او مصاعد يكون من شأنها تقليل ابعاد الفناء المنصوص عليها بأحكام هذه الالئحة‪.‬‬ ‫مادة ‪ : 102‬ألصحاب العقارات المتالصقة االتفاق على انشاء افنية مشتركة وال يجوز فصلها اال بحاجز ال يحجز الضوء او الهواء وال‬ ‫يزيد ارتفاعه عن ‪ 3‬شاملة ارتفاع الحائط الذى يجب اال يتجاوز ‪ 1.8‬م‬ ‫مادة ‪ : 103‬يجوز عمل بروزات فى المبانى المطله على طريق عام او خاص طبقا للشروط ‪:‬‬ ‫• عمل كورنيش او بروز للدور االرضى بشرط اال يقل ارتفاعه عن سطح الرصيف عن ‪ 2.5‬م‬ ‫• ال يزيد البروز عن ‪ 10‬سم فى الشوارع ذات العروض من ‪ 10- 8‬م‬ ‫• يصل البروز ل ‪ 20‬سم فى الشوارع ذات العروض االكبر من ذلك‬ ‫• ال يقل ارتفاع الدرابزين للشرفة عن ‪ 9.‬م لألدوار الخمسة االولى ويزيد ‪ 5‬سم لكل طابق من الطوابق التالية‬ ‫• ال يجب ان يتعدى اقصى بروز للبلكونات ‪ %10‬واالبراج ‪ %5‬من عرض الشارع وال يتجاوز البروز عامه ‪ 1.25‬م‬ ‫مادة ‪ : 104‬ال تدخل ارتفاع المرافق فى حساب ارتفاع المبنى وارتفاعها كحد اقصى ‪ 5‬م وال يزيد مسطح الخدمات من مساحة الدور‬ ‫االرضى عن ‪% 25‬‬ ‫مادة ‪ :105‬يجب مراعاة متطلبات الشركات المختصة بتوصيل المرافق والخدمات‪.‬‬ ‫مادة ‪ : 106‬يجب تطبيق احكام الكود المصرى ألسس التصميم لحماية المنشأ من اخطار الحريق فيما عدا ما يلى ‪:‬‬ ‫• اال يزيد ارتفاع منسوب اعلى طابق بالمبنى عن ‪16‬م‬ ‫• مساحة اى طابق بما فى ذلك البدروم ‪ 400‬م ‪2‬‬ ‫• اال يقل انخفاض منسوب ارضية البدروم عن ‪ 3‬م‬ ‫مادة ‪ :107‬يجب تطبيق احكام الكود المصرى ألسس التصميم لحماية المنشأ من اخطار الحريق فيما يلى‪:‬‬ ‫• التوسعات والتعليات حتى لو كانت تشمل النصوص الموجودة فى المادة السابقة‬ ‫• تعديل نوعية االشغال للمبنى او جزء منه بما يطابق متطلبات الكود‪.‬‬ ‫مادة ‪ : 108‬لزوم توفير اماكن مخصصه أليواء السيارات يتناسب عددها ومساحتها مع متطلبات المبنى ويستثنى من ذلك المبانى التى ال‬ ‫يتجاوز مسطحاتها المبنية ‪ 250‬م‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫مادة ‪ :94‬يجب اال يقل المسطح الداخلى لغرف المبنى او مرافقه عما يلى ‪:‬‬

‫مادة ‪ :98‬يجب ان تتوفر باآلفنية المخصصة لتهوية وانارة غرف المرافق‬ ‫األشتراطات التالية ‪:‬‬

5. Underground parking: 5.1. Parking areas: • • • •

5.2.3. Module:

Minimize the number of entrances and exits to parking areas.

Locate Residential entrances from the parking, completely isolated from the commercial entrance.

Locate parking to the rear or side of buildings, underneath buildings, or underground and avoid land intensive surface parking lots.

Work with the building’s module and minimize the number of columns if parking underground.

5.2. Visitor parking Standards:

Module

Angle and direction 9m preferably One way – 750 (6x1.5) angled ( 900 can be used too )

driveways A driveway should split parking lots every 60m or less.

Minimum height 2.2 m

Maximum depth -10.5 m

5.2.4. Curved ramps: Curved ramps

Requirements

Inner radius One Two sided sided 5.3m 5.3m

Outer radius One sided Two sided 9.8m

Max slope

14.9m

12%

5.2.1. required numbers of parking: Type of building No. parking lots

Entrance

Residential 1 parking lot for each apartment with total are up to 200m2

Commercial 3 parking lots for every 100m2 if located in town.

2 lots for each 4 parking lots for apartment with total every 100m2 if area more than 300 located on a highway. m2 Min 3.5m width for one-way entrances to 7.5m for two ways entrances.

5.2.2. Ramps: Straight ramp Requirements

One sided ramp - Two-sided ramp Width Width 3.65m 7.3m

Max slope 15%

Fig49. underground parking ramp.

5.2.5. number of elevator related to number of parks: No. parking lots 200 parking lots Up to 500 parking lots Up to 1000 parking lot

No. of elevators 1 elevator 2 elevators 3 elevators

22

5.Underground parking

5.2.6. Dimension details:

23 Fig50. underground parking details.

5.Underground parking

5.2. Services parking and loading Standards:

24 Fig51. underground parking details (services).

6. Examples: 6.1. Example I: • Project: the Interlace Tower.

• Location: Confidential.

• Project Team: Lead Design Consultant/ Studio DS Architecture & Interior Design

25 Fig52.Shots .

Fig53.Section .

6.Example 26 Fig54.Analysis .

6.Example Fig55. Residential plans and partions .

27 Fig56. construction sequence.

6.Example

Fig57. green architecture details

28

6.Example

6.2. Example II: • • • • • •

INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ARCHITECT: Vincent Callebaut Architectures, Paris.

CLIENT: Abraj Misr, Urban Development, Cairo, Egypt.

CONTRACT LOCATION: Heliopolis District, Cairo, Egypt.

PROGRAM: 1000 Apartments, Offices and Shopping Mall.

SURFACE AREA: 450 000 M².

BUDGET : EGP 4,5 bn.

Fig58. Shots

29

6.Example

Fig59. parking plan

Fig60. base plan

30

6.Example

Fig61. offices plan

Fig62. Commercial plan

31

6.Example

Fig63. Residential plan

Fig64. Roof plan

32

6.Example

Fig65. Section

33

6.3. Example III:

Description: • • •

• •

6.Example

• Type: Commercial – Residential • Location: Zuidas, Amsterdam, The Netherlands • Program: 196 apartments, offices, parking, a sky bar and retail and cultural space.

• Surface area: 75.000 m2 • Start of the construction: 2021 • Architects: MVRDV • Landscape Design: DeltaVorm Groep & Piet Oudolf, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

• Engineering: Inbo, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Fig66. Shaping the form

The project takes the form of green-terraced stacked boxed that rise to three peaks of different heights, the tallest capping out at 100 meters with the two-story Sky Bar. Clad in a carved natural stone facade, the form has been parametrically designed to allow sunlight to penetrate throughout all of the complex’s 196 apartments, all of which feature a unique floor plan.

The corporate surroundings through its reflective exterior façade, the design acknowledges its corporate heritage and visually connects to its immediate neighbors.

The inner façade is defined by a series of rugged, stone terraces with large planters, covering the building in vegetation and bringing a sense of human scale to the volume The corporate vs the residential: The XL vs the human scale

34 Fig67. Concept

Fig68. Zoning

6.Example

35 Fig69. Plans

7. References: • • • • •

The metric handbook Neufert Time saver Fire Safety Egyptian code

36