Peanut grower feb 2015

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PEANUTGROWER The

ONE GROWER PUBLISHING, LLC

FEBRUARY 2015

THE PEANUT PRODUCER'S MARKETING & PRODUCTION MAGAZINE www.peanutgrower.com

2015 Variety Guide Updated Peanut Rx: Know Your Risk

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Nitrogen is essential to crop performance, and Primo Power inoculant delivers more of it into the plants. With more nitrogenfixing rhizobia applied,

NITROGEN FUELS YIELD IN PEANUTS. PRIMO POWER MAKES SURE THE FUEL IS DELIVERED.

Primo Power boosts nitrogen intake so crops emerge quickly, grow fast and can deliver more yield. Open the door to more nitrogen, nutrients and growth with Primo Power.

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Important: Always read and follow label instructions. Š 2015 Verdesian Life Sciences. All rights reserved.

www.vlsci.com.

SCIENCE CENTERED ON THE SEED

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FEBRUARY 2015

21

PEANUTGROWER The

Volume 27 • Number 2

Departments 4 Editor’s Note Will South Carolina continue to grow their peanut business?

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5 News Briefs Use a program decision aid to determine the best option.

6 Market Watch With deadlines looming, follow these steps to start planning.

21 Peanut Pointers Variety selection entails much more than selecting for high yields.

Features 10 2015 Variety Guide Weigh all the factors affecting variety selection to determine the best variety options for your fields and farm.

18 Peanut Rx: Minimizing Peanut Disease Use this management tool to determine your fields’ risk and to identify ways to minimize disease potential.

Cover photo by Amanda Huber

CornSouth

Look for the supplement following page 12 in the Alabama, Florida, Georgia and Mississippi versions of The Peanut Grower.

FEBRUARY 2015 • THE PEANUT GROWER /

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EDITORIAL/PRODUCTION Editor Amanda Huber ahuber@onegrower.com Copy Editor Carroll Smith csmith@onegrower.com Art Director Carol Watson

ADMINISTRATION Publisher/Vice President Lia Guthrie (901) 497-3689 lguthrie@onegrower.com Associate Publisher Carroll Smith (901) 326-4443 Editorial Director Tommy Horton (901) 767-4020 thorton@onegrower.com Sales Manager Scott Emerson (386) 462-1532 semerson@onegrower.com Circulation Manager Janet Owens (229) 386-8809 Production Manager Kathy Killingsworth (800) 888-9784 kkillingsworth@onegrower.com

For circulation changes or change of address, call (800) 888-9784

EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD John Beasley Extension Agronomist Auburn University Dell Cotton Peanut Growers Cooperative Marketing Assn., Franklin, VA Kris Balkcom Agri-Program Associate Auburn University Craig Kvien Coastal Plain Experiment Station,Tifton, GA

Jason Woodward Extension Plant Pathologist Texas A & M University David Jordan Extension Agronomist North Carolina State University Glen Harris Extension Agronomist University of Georgia Jason Ferrell Extension Weed Specialist University of Florida

ONE GROWER PUBLISHING, LLC Mike Lamensdorf PRESIDENT/TREASURER Lia Guthrie PUBLISHER/VICE PRESIDENT The Peanut Grower (ISSN 1042-9379) is an agribusiness magazine for U.S. peanut producers. Published in eight monthly issues, January through July and November.

Annual subscriptions are $40.00. Single Copy price is $5.00. Annual overseas subscriptions are $70.00, including Canada/Mexico. Periodicals postage paid at Memphis, TN. Copyright © 2015 One Grower Publishing, LLC, all rights reserved except where otherwise noted. The Peanut Grower ® is a registered trademark, which reserves all rights granted by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office in association with the registration.

POSTMASTER: SEND ADDRESS CHANGES TO SUNBELT FULFILLMENT SERVICES, 307 SOUTHGATE COURT, Brentwood, TN 37027-7987. All statements, including product claims, are those of the person or organization making the statement or claim. The publisher does not adopt any such statement or claim as its own, and any such statement or claim does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the publisher. Printed in the USA. One Grower Publishing, LLC, also publishes Cotton Farming, Rice Farming, Soybean South and Corn South.

One Grower Publishing, LLC 1010 June Rd., Suite 102, Memphis, Tennessee, 38119 Phone: 901-767-4020

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THE PEANUT GROWER • FEBRUARY 2015

Is South Carolina committed to peanuts? You betcha.

Among the many great character traits of my granddaddy, now 104, is that no matter your reason for visiting his house, if he is able to give you something or serve you in some way, he is happy. Be it a glass of water or a T-bone steak, he wants you to have something. Hospitality is truly important to him.

Having visited South Carolina many times now, I realize most South Carolinians are the same way. Recently, I attended the National Peanut Buying Points Association annual meeting in Charleston.

No doubt, Charleston is a beautiful historic city, but no matter the setting, South Carolinians, at least those I know in the peanut industry, go to great lengths to make sure you feel welcome and as comfortable as possible. If there is anything you need, you have but to ask and they will surely make it happen.

At the buying points meeting, South Carolina producer Richard Rentz gave the opening welcome in which he recounted how and when South Carolina started getting into the peanut business.

“Peanuts are here to stay,” Rentz declared, and then went on to explain his statement.

“First of all, when you see farms that have been growing only tobacco for hundreds of years that are no longer growing tobacco, but instead peanuts, you have to know that was not a fly-by-night decision,” he said.

The second reason peanut production will continue in South Carolina is simply because of the investment they have made in peanuts. “There was no infrastructure or equipment in the state,” he said. “Everything had to be bought or built, which helped the industry be more efficient.”

Finally, Rentz said, “You know peanuts are important in South Carolina when the State of Georgia – the big dog of the peanut world – had to come calling to South Carolina to find their next state Extension agronomist, which they did in hiring Scott Monfort away from Clemson University.”

Of course, Rentz drew some chuckles with that last bit, but his point was made, South Carolina is here to stay in the peanut business. Speaking of Scott Monfort, we welcome him to The Peanut Grower as one of our Peanut Pointer contributors and look forward to hearing his insight into peanut production issues. And, if you get the chance, pay a visit to South Carolina. I promise you will feel welcome.

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Program Deadlines Approaching USDA’s Risk and Production Program Manager, Brent Orr, spoke recently at the National Peanut Buying Points Association convention about the new Farm Bill programs.

Orr said producers have two important deadlines approaching. Feb. 27, 2015, is the final date to update base and yield, and March 31, 2015, is the final date to select ARC or PLC. Orr explained that cotton base acres are now generic base, and generic base may receive payment under ARC/PLC for acres planted to a covered commodity. These generic base acres can be used in the reallocation of base acres. Each year, the generic base acres can increase the covered commodity base acres or add a new base to the farm, but it must be planted to a program-covered crop.

Converting to a covered commodity is prorated based on plantings.

In the yield update process, producers have some choices: 1) Retain current yields; 2) Update yields to an average of 2008-2012 multiplied by 90 percent; 3) Substitute 75 percent of county average yield per planted acre, if no other is available. Orr said producers should want to update yields to more current figures, given the higher average yield in the last few years. Also, these yield figures will be used in future Farm Bills and having legislators use data from 10 to 15 years ago is not beneficial.

On the base update, it is the base owner that makes the decision on updating and the producer, if that is different, certifies it at the county office.

Base update options include: 1) Retaining current (2014) base acres; 2) Reallocating base acres based on plantings of covered commodities 2009 through 2012. Total base cannot be increased at this time.

Certified yields are subject to spot check, and the owner will be responsible for providing the records to verify the accuracy of the yields. The owner also

makes the update decision to reallocate or retain base acres. If no decision is made, the farm will retain 2014 base acres and yield.

ARC/ PLC is a five-year program and the current producer with interest in the crop makes this one-time election.

Price Loss Coverage offers price protection. Payments are made when the effective price is less than the reference price for the covered commodity. The effective price is the higher of the average marketing year price or the loan rate.

Payment is made on 85 percent of base acres of a covered commodity. Payments are made regardless of planting covered commodities; however, generic base acres must be planted for any payment.

The reference price of $535 per ton on peanuts and the national loan rate at $355 per ton is set for five years. Payments will be issued as soon as possible after October 1 in the year following the applicable marketing year.

Ag Risk Coverage (County) offers revenue protection at the county level. Ag Risk Coverage (Individual) offers revenue protection at an individual farm level across all farmers enrolled and covered commodities planted.

Orr said the PLC program will likely be more favorable to peanut production.

If no program is selected, producers will receive no payments for 2014. Power of Attorneys are valid for the ARC/PLC programs. After program election comes program enrollment, which will likely happen in mid-April.

For more information, go to www.fsa.usda.gov/arc-plc. A decision aid created by the Texas A&M University Ag and Food Policy Center can be found at http://AFPC.Tamu.edu.

KMC Honors Philip Grimes Lanier Carson, chairman of Kelley Manufacturing Company, based in Tifton, Ga., recently paid tribute to Philip Grimes, Sunbelt Farmer of the Year. Carson presented Grimes with a

In Brief: • Use the Texas A&M Ag and Food Policy Center decision aid to see what program would be best for your farm.

• OLAM International acquires McClesky Mills.

• Crop insurance will now cover yield and price risk through revenuebased insurance program. Feb. 28, 2015, is sales close for many peanut states.

• New peanut leadership class begins. Participants to gain thorough understanding on industry.

• American Peanut Council elects officers. Peanut Congress scheduled for June 13-17, 2015.

• Contribute to the Don Self Memorial Scholarship in honor of Don Self, a founding member of the National Peanut Board.

plaque that read, “In recognition of your outstanding achievements and relentless contributions to the agricultural industry. We at Kelley Manufacturing Co. sincerely appreciate your cooperation in helping us in the development of our peanut harvesting equipment.”

Grimes recalled the first combine, built to reduce loose shelled kernels, Carson brought to his farm. Grimes said Carson worked all day getting it right.

“That impressed me and I’ve been with KMC ever since.”

Bennie Branch, KMC president, announced that 2014 was a good year for KMC with $45.1 million in sales, up 25 percent from the previous year. KMC has $8.2 million in inventory, down 11 percent from last year. KMC has more than 200 employees and an annual payroll of $10 million.

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A modest acreage increase would ensure a profitable 2016 he U.S. peanut industry is poised for disaster if farmers plant wall to wall peanuts. All the talk is that peanut acreage will be back to 2012 levels or above, a 25 to 30 percent increase. Peanut prices are already dropping from $400 per ton in the Southeast to a floor of $380 per ton with limits on poundage per acre for runner-type peanuts.

That’s less than the cost of production, but farmers hear $535 per ton and think the miracle Market Loan peanut program is supposed to drop a $100per acre government check in their lap that will save the farm. Supply and demand still rules, and the first segment to be targeted is the farm price.

T

Restraint Needed Farmers and other industry leaders are going to have to show some leadership to slow this train from disaster.

Comments you hear are as follows, “I’m not worried about this year; we stored that many peanuts in 2012. I’m worried about next year!” Other comments are, “I’ve already sold more seed this year than two years ago!” or “Does a buying point have to take my peanuts and give me a Market Loan? What if their warehouse is full?” By the way, the total approved warehouse storage, per Kansas City, is over 3,300,000 tons and more can be approved, if needed.

Farm Bill Planning USDA and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) estimated during the Farm Bill that farmers would be smart and in 2015 would plant about 1,225,000 acres. In 2014, farmers produced 2,605,050 tons averaging 3,932 per acre. The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) predicted an average price of

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Leading Market Indicators (Jan. 15, 2015) •2014 - Acreage estimate up 27% - 1,325,000 acres •2014 - Production estimate up 25% - 2,605,050 tons •2014 -Average yield estimate 3,932 lbs/A - dn 69 lbs/A •2014 - Market Loan - 2,071,754 tons in storage •2014 - Market Loan - 234,129 tons redeemed •2014-14 Domestic Usage (4 mo.) - + up 5.4% •2014-15 Exports (Jan.-Oct.) dn - 17.6% •National Posted Price (per ton): Runners $424.86, Spanish $403.91, Virginia/Valencia $427.79.

25 cents per pound in 2015 coupled with a loan frozen for five years at $355 per ton and a reference price at $535 per ton. Total outlay would be $84 million on 1,476,000 base acres or $57 per acre. With a steady growth in all markets, Congress liked the peanut program, the stability and protection for the farmer and everyone was happy, happy, happy.

Then came the reality that cotton, corn and soybean prices fell well below production costs. Another curve, cotton base was converted to “generic base” and could be applied to any program crop with a planting requirement, although pro-rated based on plantings.

If a payment was triggered due to low prices for peanuts, the government would make the payment on the farm base next October. A base payment will be made in October 2015 for the 2014 peanut crop on 85 percent of the base since the national average price will average less than $535 per ton.

J. Tyron Spearman

Contributing Editor, The Peanut Grower

2015 Peanut Market The domestic market is strong for peanut butter, up 9.8 percent for the first four months, but sluggish for other categories. Snacks are down 1.3 percent, candy is down six percent and in-shells are about the same as last year. Manufacturers are busy with some plants expanding to make more peanut butter.

Export markets for peanuts shows January through October 2014 numbers to be down 17.6 percent. However, China is reportedly showing interest with the market reporting higher-thannormal prices. The top five export markets: Canada, Mexico, European Union, Japan and Russia are involved in promotions and remain steady. Trade agreements may open some peanut markets and lower import taxes, especially in China.

Worth Repeating: $535 Is Not $535 Some peanut farmers have in their mind that peanuts will pay back $535 per ton in the new Farm Bill. WRONG! The new reference price of $535 per ton for peanuts will be factored by subtracting the national average price, which is figured in a price discovery period, making a PLC rate. This rate, times your payment yield in tons, times the base acres, times 85 percent will be the estimated payment per base acre. Some farmers may have generic cotton base that can be made into an annual peanut base to collect the payment.

Prospects USDA said this week that abundant supplies of peanuts are available to support demand this year. Slow but steady growth is anticipated for the domestic use of peanuts. In contrast, peanut exports for 2014/15 may decline moder-

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ately from the previous two years to 1.05 billion pounds. That would still represent the thirdlargest export amount on record.

Season-ending stocks could be five percent higher than last year’s carryout of 1.96 billion pounds, that’s 980,000 tons and will keep the market quiet.

Be Cautious A 10 to 15 percent increase in acreage coupled with the heavy carryforward is a good target this year and would ensure another profitable year for peanuts in 2016. A 30 to 40 percent increase in acreage will push prices lower and trigger a government payment October 2016. That’s a long time and the banker may not want to wait. Team with your buying point to make certain peanuts can be handled and stored properly. Just be cautious, most farmers have a payment to make next season. PG

Planning For 2015 Look for a profitable contract and a buying point that has federally approved storage to secure a market loan, at $355 per ton, and order approved, certified seed.

1) Don’t Delay. Go by your FSA Office, secure base information and update bases and yields. One official reports only seven percent of farmers have completed this step, and it must be completed by February 27.

FSA is already stretched thin for the amount of work they do and waiting will not help. Get with the owner, make sure that you have yield data for the past five years. Powers of Attorney papers suffice for land owner approval.

2) Decide on PLC or ARC. The deadline is March 31. Price Loss Coverage appears the best option for peanuts since the reference price on peanuts might generate a payment next October on base acres.

3) Meet with a Crop Insurance Agent. Learn more about the new revenue-based insurance program to determine what protection is needed for dryland and irrigated peanuts by type. The deadline is February 27.

4) Decide What to Plant. When bases are set, decide exactly what to plant for current markets that will support program crops or non-program crops like cotton. If a farmer has cotton base, which is now known as generic base, to apply it to another program crop, the crop must be planted. Remember, a good rotation program is necessary to maintain yields and help lessen disease problems.

RENEW your subscription online!

Peanut Grower is sent free to qualified subscribers. But postal regulations require that we update our subscriber records annually.

It only takes a few minutes to renew your subscription online (or to sign up to receive it as a new subscriber).

Simply go to:

www.peanutgrower.com Click on the “Subscribe” tab and fill in the form.

Submit your form when you’re finished!

The Web site has current information from our editors, market news information, archives of past issues and useful links. Sign on today to update your record and see the latest in peanut news!

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Calendar:

OLAM Acquires McCleskey Mills Olam International has announced the acquisition of McCleskey Mills, the third largest peanut sheller in the United States for $176 million. McCleskey Mills has a peanut shelling market share of approximately 12 percent and an annual capacity of about 250,000 farmerstock tons.

McCleskey Mills owns processing facilities in two locations in Georgia, Smithville and Rochelle, and owns or manages 20 buying points and farmerstock storage assets in the Southeast region. McCleskey built a long-standing relationship with a diverse set of customers in the snack, peanut butter and confectionery industries. Officials said the acquisition is consistent with Olam’s strategy to invest in specific production, including edible nuts.

Anupam Jindel, president of Olam’s peanut business said, “We see a steady rise in production and exports in the future to meet the increased demand in emerging markets such as China and India. This provides a clear rationale to invest in U.S. peanut shelling operations and close out an existing gap in our supply chain.”

Olam International is a leading seedto-shelf agribusiness operating in 65 countries, supplying food and industrial raw materials to more than 13,800 customers worldwide. A team of 23,000 employees has built a leadership position in many businesses including cocoa, coffee, cashews, rice and cotton. The company owns and operates Olam Edible Nuts in Blakely and Sylvester, Ga., Dublin, Texas and Edenton, N.C.

Alabama-Florida Peanut Trade Show The annual Alabama-Florida Peanut Trade Show is scheduled for Thurs, Feb. 12, 2015, at the National Peanut Festival Fairgrounds, located on Hwy 231 South, Dothan, Ala. Sponsored by the Alabama and Florida Peanut Producers Associations, the one-day event gives producers a view of the products and

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THE PEANUT GROWER • FEBRUARY 2015

services of more than 70 exhibitors, plus education sessions. The show will be open from 8:30 a.m. until noon, with a seed seminar following the luncheon.

Seed seminar topics and speakers are as follows: Farm Saved Seed - Know the Law, Jim Bostick, Alabama Crop Improvement Association; Varieties Currently in Production and on the Horizon, Bill Branch, University of Georgia peanut breeder, Corley Holbrook, USDA-ARS peanut breeder, Barry Tillman, University of Florida peanut breeder; Breeding Research Update, Marshall Lamb, National Peanut Research Lab. For more information, contact Teresa at 334-792-6482 or email teresa2@alpeanuts.com.

• Feb. 12 - Alabama-Florida Peanut Trade Show, National Peanut Festival Fairgrounds, Hwy 231 South, Dothan, Ala. Trade show begins at 8:30 a.m. with a luncheon, followed by seed seminar. For more information, call 334-792-6482.

• June 13-17 - USA Peanut Congress, Omni Grove Park Inn, Asheville, N.C. For more information, go to the website www.peanut-shellers.org.

• July 14-16 - American Peanut Research and Education Society Annual Meeting, Francis Marion Hotel, Charleston, S.C. For more information, visit www.apresinc.com.

APC Elects New Officers The American Peanut Council, which represents all industry segments, has announced the new officers for 2014-15.

The Chairman is Hugh Nall, Southern Ag Carriers (Allied); Chairman Elect is Otis Lee Johnson, Texas Peanut Producers Board (Grower), Secretary-Treasurer is Amy Duffy of Hormel (Manufacturer) and Immediate Past Chairman is Joe West, McCleskey Mills (Sheller).

The new board adopted a domestic budget for 2015 of $766,806.

The 2015 USA Peanut Congress is June 13-17, at the Omni Grove Park Inn, Ashville, N.C. In 2016, USA Peanut Congress will be in Charleston, S.C. For information on Peanut Congress, go to www.peanut-shellers.org.

APRES Meeting Scheduled For July The 47th Annual Meeting of the American Peanut Research And Education Society will be held July 14-16, 2015, at the Francis Marion Hotel in Charleston, S.C. Make your hotel reservations early and get the special APRES rate of $129 per night.

For more information, go to the APRES website at www.apresinc.com.

Don Self Scholarship Established The Don Self Memorial Scholarship has been established by the Mississippi Peanut Growers Association in memory of peanut grower and former National Peanut Board member Don Self. Don was integral in establishing Mississippi as a major peanut producing state on the National Peanut Board in 2008 and served on the board until he lost his life in a farming accident October 1.

The scholarship will be managed by the Mississippi State University Foundation and contributions are tax deductible. The goal is to raise $25,000 to make this an endowed scholarship and to generate at least an annual $1,000 scholarship in perpetuity.

Contributors may make a one-time donation or make an annual pledge for up to five years. Any individual or entity wishing to donate should make the check to “MSU Foundation, Inc.” and note that it is in memory of Don Self.

The mailing address is: MSU Foundation, Inc., P.O. Box 9760, Bost Building, Rm 204A, Mississippi State, MS 39762.

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The New Peanut Crop Insurance Program At the recent National Peanut Buying Points Association convention, Keith Schumann, AgriLogic Consulting LLC, spoke about the new insurance program available beginning with the 2015 peanut crop.

As with the previous policy, producers can elect to use their contract prices for the insurance price election in the yield protection policy. If the contract price is used, the price will be a weighted to the average projected price.

If no contract is used, insurance program peanut prices will be determined using a formula that relates shelled peanut prices to prices of the following: December wheat, cotton, soybean oil and soybean meal contracts and other factors. Also considered is price of shelled peanuts to that of in-shells using the loan rate and National Ag Statistic Service survey prices. All these factors will be developed into a formula to determine the price for the four peanut types.

Projected prices will be determined in the spring prior to planting and harvest prices will be determined in the late fall.

Peanut producers who elected one of the revenue insurance options may receive an insurance payment if the combination of price losses calculated by the program’s methodology and/or yield losses experienced by the grower’s operation,

Peanut Leadership Academy Begins Class IX Twenty-two peanut growers and sheller representatives from across the Southeast, Texas, North Carolina and Virginia began Class IX of the Peanut Leadership Academy hosted by the Southern Peanut Farmers Federation, Dec. 15-17, 2014, in Panama City Beach, Fla. The Peanut Leadership Academy is a cooperative effort between Syngenta Crop Protection, the American Peanut Shellers Association, grower organizations and agricultural extension. The program began in 1998 with the first class of 14 peanut growers from Alabama, Florida and Georgia. Since then, the academy has continued to grow to include growers from Mississippi, North Carolina, Texas, Virginia and sheller representatives.

Lyle Stewart, Syngenta district manager, says, “Syngenta is proud to support the Peanut Leadership Academy. We recognize the significance of the program and the importance of educating young peanut farmers who will become strong leaders in the industry.”

Activities in the leadership program are structured to give participants a thorough understanding of the U.S. peanut industry. The leadership sessions range from field trips, meetings with industry leaders and professional development train-

results in financial losses in excess of the deductible on their insurance policy.

Other program points are that a grower can opt to insure on an “enterprise unit” resulting in lower premiums by almost half. If an insured grower has to replant, there is a fixed value of $95 per acre, which is up $15. A quality adjustment will start after 10 percent of the value has been lost as a result of quality problems.

Peanut types include: Runner, Southeast and Southwest Spanish, Valencia and Virginia. Practices include irrigated or non-irrigated; spring, fall or not-specific; conventional or organic. Coverage levels will be 50 percent to 80 percent in five percent increments.

Sales close for most peanut states is Feb. 28, 2015, with others being March 15. To find out the deadline for your state and other program details, contact your local crop insurance agent. Need to find an agent? Use the RMA Online agent locator tool at www3.rma.usda.gov/apps/agents.

ing. Also, each class has one leadership session in Washington, D.C., where class members have an opportunity to visit with their congressmen about issues affecting the peanut industry.

The Peanut Leadership Academy Class IX members are: Alabama – Brian Byrd, Ariton; Jeremy Sessions, Grand Bay; Marshall Speake, Eufaula; and Russ Walters, Andalusia; Florida – Levi Findley, Jay; Jeremy Rolling, Westville; and Trey Sanchez, Old Town; Georgia – Bubba Curry, Shellman; Justin Harrell, Nicholls; Jeffrey Heard, Newton; Zack Thaggard, Leesburg; and Austin Warbington, Pinehurst; Mississippi – B. Jones, Ridgeland; North Carolina – Wade Stanaland, Bladenboro; Texas – Kelton Coleman, Lamesa; and Rusty Strickland, Wellington; Virginia – West Drake, Newsoms; sheller representatives – Colton Farrow, Golden Peanut Co.; Paul Huber, Birdsong Peanut; and Japheth Saecker, Birdsong; National Peanut Board – Dexter Gilbert, Cambellton, Florida; and Meredith Rogers, Camilla, Georgia.

For more information on the Peanut Leadership Academy, contact one of the state peanut associations, the American Peanut Shellers Association or visit www.southernpeanutfarmers.org.

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2015 VARIETY GUIDE ariety selection is one of the most important decisions in peanut production. Newer varieties have resistance to multiple diseases, including white mold, but the best variety choice remains those that will achieve a rapid, uniform stand and provide good yields and grades over a wide range of growing conditions.

Careful consideration should go into this part of your planting decision.

Many factors affect the selection of what varieties to plant including field history, irrigation, planting and harvest capabilities, seed availability and quality and marketing. On a field-by-field basis, weigh all of these factors to determine how the variety may fit into your situation and on your farming operation.

Study the variety descriptions and the trial data. If you are thinking of planting a new variety, follow up by asking questions of researchers and other growers. Consider your own onfarm trial of a few new varieties. PG

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Yield Performance Of Runner-Type Varieties In Tifton, Ga., Irrigated, 2012-2014.

Variety Georgia-12Y Georgia-09B Georgia-06G TUFRunnerTM ‘297’ TUFRunnerTM ‘511’ FloRunTM ‘107’ Georgia Greener Georgia-07W Florida-07 TUFRunnerTM ‘727’ Tifguard Georgia-10T

2012 Yield (lb/a) 5974 5651 5614

2013 Yield (lb/a) 5838 5118 5264

5530 5158 5974 6286 5400 5239 6102

5388 5031 5324 5151 5149 5460 5769

2014 Yield (lb/a) 7058 6140 6026 5964 5930 5928 5877 5743 5739 5724 5676 5468

2014 TSMK (%) 72.0 74.5 75.0 74.0 73.0 72.5 73.5 75.0 70.0 74.5 75.5 77.0

Source: John Gassett, Program Coordinator, UGA Variety Evaluation, Griffin Campus,1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, Ga. 30223

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RUNNER-TYPE VARIETIES Florida-07: This medium-to-late runner market-type peanut was released from the University of Florida in 2006.

It has shown excellent yield potential with good grades. Seed are larger and, for this reason, gypsum is recommended for additional calcium. It has good-to-excellent resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), some white mold resistance and tolerance to leaf spot. Florida-07 has high-oleic oil chemistry with good-to-excellent roasting, blanching and processing characteristics.

FloRunTM ‘107’: This is a medium-maturity (135 to 140 days) runner-type variety released by the University of Florida.

The seed size of FloRunTM ‘107’ is similar to Georgia Greener, and it produces a high percentage of medium kernels in the grading process. The variety has demonstrated very good yields and grades with good resistance to TSWV and modYield Performance Of Runner-Type Varieties In Midville, Ga., Irrigated, 2012-2014.

2012 Yield (lb/a)

2013 Yield (lb/a)

Georgia-13M TUFRunnerTM ‘511’ Georgia-09B 5380 TUFRunnerTM ‘727’ 5383 Florida-07 4822

7069 6567 6949

Variety

Georgia-06G Georgia-07W Georgia-12Y TUFRunnerTM ‘297’ Georgia-14N FloRunTM ‘107’ Tifguard

5285 5084 5212

5968 6074 6774

4944 4690

5783 5914

2014 Yield (lb/a) 6918 6788 6643 6599 6580

2014 TSMK (%) 76.0 77.0 77.0 78.0 73.5

6524 6492 6433 6371 6200 6103 5966

77.0 77.5 74.0 77.5 77.5 74.5 75.0

Source: John Gassett, Program Coordinator, UGA Variety Evaluation, Griffin Campus,1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, Ga. 30223

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erate resistance to white mold. FloRunTM ‘107’ has high-oleic oil chemistry.

Georgia-02C: Released in 2002 as a new high-oleic runner-type cultivar, Georgia-02C can have later maturity than Georgia Green with seed and pod size slightly larger. This variety has a spreading runner growth habit, with excellent TSWV and CBR resistance.

Georgia-06G: A high-yielding, largeseeded, runner-type variety, Georgia06G was developed at the UGA Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton. The variety has shown a high level of resistance to TSWV. Georgia-06G has an intermediate or decumbent runner growth habit, dark green foliage and medium maturity similar to Georgia Green.

Georgia-06G combines high TSWV resistance with medium maturity and excellent yield, grade and dollar value return per acre.

Georgia-07W: High-yielding, TSWV and white mold resistant, runner-type variety, Georgia-07W was developed at

Yield Performance Of Runner-Type Peanuts In Various Locations in Mississippi, 2014.

Variety

Raymond (lb/A)

Starkville (lb/A)

Stoneville (lb/A)

Tchula (lb/A)

Average (lb/A)

Georgia-06G

5233

3137

4818

5929

4779

Georgia-13M

5658

2018

5800

5587

4766

Tifguard

4896

2895

4340

5072

4301

Georgia-12Y

5538

2501

5828

6218

5021

Georgia-09B

4706

2566

5696

5649

4654

FloRunTM ‘107’

4695

2425

5016

5108

4311

Florida-07

6116

3190

5504

5231

5010

TUFRunner ‘727’ 5563

3495

5698

5518

5069

4084

6180

5661

5608

TM TM

TUFRunner ‘511’ 6507

Source: Brad Burgess, Director, Research Support/Variety Testing, Mississippi State University, phone (662) 325-2390.

the UGA Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton. The variety has shown a high level of resistance to TSWV and white mold. Georgia-07W has a runner growth habit, dark green foliage and medium maturity similar to Georgia Green. It offers excellent yield, grade and dollar value return per acre.

Georgia-09B: A high-yielding, higholeic, TSWV-resistant, medium-seeded, runner-type peanut variety, Georgia-09B was developed at the UGA Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton. The variety has shown a high level of resistance to TSWV. Georgia-09B has an intermediate runner growth habit and medium

FEBRUARY 2015 • THE PEANUT GROWER /

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maturity, similar to Georgia Green. It combines high TSWV resistance and high-oleic oil chemistry with medium maturity and excellent yield, grade and dollar value return per acre.

Georgia-10T: A high-yielding, high-grading, TSWVresistant, large-seeded, runner-type peanut variety, Georgia-10T was developed at the UGA Coastal Plain Experiment Station in Tifton. The variety has shown a high level of resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus. Georgia-10T has a spreading runner growth habit, dark green foliage and medium-to-late maturity. It should be an excellent variety for an earlier (April) planting option in the Southeast because of its resistance and maturity.

Yield Performance Of Runner-Type Varieties In Tifton, Ga., Non-Irrigated, 2012-2014.

Variety Georgia-14N TUFRunnerTM‘511’ Georgia 12-Y TUFRunnerTM‘727’ Georgia-07W Georgia-06G Georgia-13M TUFRunnerTM‘297’ TifNV-HighO/L Tifguard Georgia Greener FloRunTM ‘107’

2012 Yield (lb/a)

2013 Yield (lb/a)

6162 4280 4734 5924

5880 5143 5369 5291

5475

4628

2014 Yield (lb/a) 5285 4881 4837 4773 4583 4562 4449 4336 4309 4262 4242 4155

2014 TSMK (%) 72.0 68.5 64.5 68.5 67.0 68.5 64.5 65.0 70.5 68.5 72.5 64.0

Georgia-12Y: This is a high-yielding, TSWV-resistant 5147 5016 and white mold resistant, medium seeded, runner-type va4460 4834 riety released by the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Source: John Gassett, Program Coordinator, UGA Variety Evaluation, GrifStations and developed at the University of Georgia, fin Campus,1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, Ga. 30223 Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton Campus.

During three years averaged over multiple location tests in Georgia, Ga. 12Y had significantly Yield And Grade Performance Of Runner-Type Varieties, Plains, Ga., Irrigated, higher yield, dollar value return per acre and num2012-2014. ber of seed per pound compared to Georgia 10T. 2012 2013 2014 2014 However, Georgia 10T has a higher TSMK grade Runner Yield Yield Yield TSMK than Georgia 12Y. Georgia 12Y is most similar to Variety (lb/a) (lb/a) (lb/a) (%) Georgia 10T in later maturity. Both should be excellent varieties for an early planting date option Georgia-06G 5870 5630 6247 72.0 in the southeast U.S. peanut production area.

Georgia-13M: This is a new high-yielding, higholeic, TSWV-resistant, small-seeded, runner-type peanut variety released by the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Station in 2013. It was developed at the University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station. During a three-year period, it averaged over multiple location tests in significantly less total disease incidence and greater dollar value return per acre when compared to other high-oleic, runner-type varieties.

Georgia 13M has a smaller runner seed size.

Georgia 13M combines high yield, TSWV resistance with the excellent roasted flavor of Georgia Green and the high-oleic trait for longer shelf life and improved oil quality of peanut and peanut products. Seed will be limited for 2015.

Georgia-09B 5258 Georgia-12Y 5608 TifNV-High O/L Florida-07 5605 Georgia Greener 5369 Georgia-13M TUFRunnerTM‘511’ 72.0 Tifguard 4704 FloRunTM ‘107’ 5696 TUFRunnerTM‘727’ 68.5 Georgia-07W 6186

Georgia Greener: A high-yielding, typical-seeded, runnertype variety, Georgia Greener was developed at the UGA Coastal Plain Experiment Station in Tifton. The variety has shown a high level of resistance to TSWV and offers some resistance to Cylindrocladium Black Rot (CBR). It has dark green foliage, intermediate or decumbent runner growth habit and typical runner seed size. Georgia Greener combines high TSWV resistance with medium maturity and excellent yield, grade and dollar value return per acre.

Tamrun OL01: A high-oleic Texas A&M release similar to 12

/ THE PEANUT GROWER • FEBRUARY 2015

5406 5703

6204 6177 6081 5714 5711 5675

69.0 72.0 67.5 66.0 70.5 72.0 5669

5034 4719 5288

5614 5530 5179

68.0 74.5 5454

5342

5288

67.0

5554 5684

Tamrun 96. Pods and seed are much larger than Flavor Runner 458 and a little larger than Tamrun 96 and OL02. Disease resistance is nearly equal to Tamrun 96. Tamrun OL01 may have higher sugar content than most varieties and has produced hard seed in some situations. This variety is popular in South Texas due to TSWV resistance.

Tamrun OL02: A high-oleic Texas A&M runner with yields comparable to Flavor Runner 458 and disease resistance similar to Tamrun 96 with tolerance to TSWV, pod rot and southern blight. Tamrun OL02 has seed size slightly larger than Flavor Runner 458 and lower sugar content than Tamrun OL01 and Flavor Runner 458.

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Three-Year (2012-2014) Average Field Performance Of Medium-

Four-Year (2011-2014) Average Field Performance Of Medium-

Maturing, Runner-Type Varieties In Florida.

Maturing, Runner-Type Varieties In Florida.

(Source: University of Florida)

(Source: University of Florida)

Variety Yield (lb/a) TM TUFRunner ‘297’** 6231 TM TUFRunner ‘511’** 6090 Georgia-07W 6085 Georgia-06G 5867 TM 5828 FloRun ‘107’** 5667 Florida-07** Georgia-09B 5753 TM TUFRunner ‘727’** 5664 Georgia Greener 5427 Tifguard 5356

TSMK (%) 77.7 78.7 78.1 79.1 76.1 74.3 79.2 77.2 78.5 77.7

TSWV (1-10) 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.2

*TSWV ratings (1= no disease); ** high-oleic oil chemistry; tests from two or three locations in Florida.

Variety Yield (lb/a) TM TUFRunner ‘297’** 6337 TM TUFRunner ‘511’** 6234 Georgia-07W 5995 Georgia-06G 5959 TM 5925 FloRun ‘107’** 5813 Florida-07** Georgia-09B 5771 TM TUFRunner ‘727’** 5754 Georgia Greener 5644 Tifguard 5362

TSMK (%) 77.8 78.6 78.3 79.1 76.2 74.5 78.9 77.5 78.8 77.6

TSWV (1-10) 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.2 1.3 1.2

*TSWV ratings (1= no disease); ** high-oleic oil chemistry; tests from two or three locations in Florida.

Tamrun OL07: This medium-to-late maturing high-oleic Texas A&M release has improved disease resistance compared to Tamrun OL01 and OL02 and FR 458. It yields similarly to these varieties in disease-free situations, but significantly higher in the presence of TSWV or Sclerotinia blight. Seed size intermediate between Tamrun OL02 and OL01.

Tamrun OL11: This variety is well suited for the West Texas growing region and has performed well under Sclerotinia blight conditions. Tamrun OL11 has resistance to Sclerotinia blight equal to that of Tamrun OL07, and it grades equal to or better than Flavor Runner 458, which is about two percentage points higher than Tamrun OL07 on average.

Tifguard: Developed by USDA’s Agriculture Research Service in Tifton, Ga., Tifguard has resistance to nematodes so as to be characterized as “near immunity,” and it offers good yields and grades, especially in places where there would be no yield from other varieties. It offers good resistance to TSWV and maturity is similar to Georgia Green.

TUFRunner TM ‘297’: Developed by the University of Florida, this variety is an extra-large seeded runner-type peanut with high-oleic oil chemistry. Released in 2014, this variety has demonstrated very good resistance to white mold, good resistance to TSWV, but is susceptible to leaf spot. Yield and grade have been excellent. It has a prominent center stem with semi-prostate growth habit. Seed supply will be limited to production of Foundation and Registered seed in 2015.

TUFRunnerTM ‘727’: This is a medium to medium-late maturing (135-145 days), high-oleic, runner market-type peanut cultivar with very good resistance to white mold, resistance to TSWV and some resistance to late leaf spot. It has a prostrate, runner growth habit with large vines and large runner seed size. Yield and grade of TUFRunnerTM ‘727’ have been excellent.

Webb: A high-yielding, root-knot nematode-resistant variety, Webb was developed in the Texas A&M AgriLife Research Peanut Breeding Program.

VIRGINIA-TYPE VARIETIES TUFRunnerTM ‘511’: The University of Florida released this variety in July 2013. TUFRunner ‘511’ is a large-seeded, medium-maturity runner-type peanut with high-oleic oil chemistry. It has very good resistance to white mold and moderate resistance to TSWV. Yield and grade of TUFRunner ‘511’ have been excellent. The seed size is similar to Georgia-06G with a similar outturn of medium, number one and jumbo kernels. The growth habit of TUFRunner ‘511’ is prostrate with a good center stem. The seed supply for 2015 is limited.

Bailey: Released by NCSU, Bailey is a medium to largeseeded and high-yielding Virginia-type peanut. It has produced high yields across multiple years and locations, which is an indication of good tolerance to fluctuations of weather and growth conditions. Bailey has a growth habit intermediate between runner and bunch types, bright pods and tan kernel color. More importantly, it is resistant to TSWV and thrips, and it matures in approximately 145 DAP, but holds its pods much better than CHAMPS. FEBRUARY 2015 • THE PEANUT GROWER /

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08V combines high yields, high TSWV resistance and the high-oleic trait, which is needed for the longer shelf life of the in-shell market, with medium maturity into a large-seeded, Virginia-type peanut variety.

Peanut Disease Risk Index Variety Point Values.

Variety

TSWV Points Leaf Spot Points

Georgia Green Florida Fancy Georgia-09B FloRunTM ‘107’ TUFRunnerTM ‘511’ TUFRunnerTM ‘727’ Georgia Greener Georgia-06G Florida-07 Georgia-07W Tifguard Bailey Georgia-12Y

30 25 20 20 20 20 10 10 10 10 10 10 5

20 20 25 25 30 15 20 20 20 20 15 15 20

White Mold Points 25 20 25 20 15 15 20 20 15 15 15 10 10

Georgia-11J: A high-oleic, large-podded and largeseeded Virginia-type peanut cultivar released by the UGA Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton. Georgia-11J has a high level of TSWV resistance and is medium-tolate maturing, while offering high yields.

The greater the value of points, the more risk associated with that variety for that disease. Data for newer varieties is limited and point values may change. The varieties Georgia-02C, Georgia Greener and Bailey have increased resistance to Cylindrocladium Black Rot (CBR) than do other varieties commonly planted in Georgia. Tifguard has excellent resistance to peanut root-knot nematode.

The malady referred to as “funky” or “irregular” leaf spot tends to be more severe in Georgia-02C than in other varieties. Although this condition can look like early leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola), the cause of “funky” leaf spot is still unknown. Disease losses are not typically associated with funky leaf spot.

For more information on varieties and disease risk, go to www.ugapeanuts.com and click on Peanut Update.

CHAMPS: CHAMPS is a large-seeded Virginia-type peanut variety with a runner growth habit. It is an early maturing variety. Yields at early digging (135-140 days after planting in Virginia) are high, and pod size, shape and color are suited for in-shell market. If an early frost advisory is in effect, CHAMPS can be harvested 10 days earlier than NCV 11 with no reduction in yield. CHAMPS is less susceptible to TSWV than most Virginia-type cultivars. CHAMPS is susceptible to CBR and Sclerotinia blight. High yields and favorable pod characteristics have been observed across years and locations and, similar to Bailey, showed good tolerance to growth factors.

Florida Fancy: This is a medium-maturing (130 to 135 days) Virginia-type variety released by the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station. Florida Fancy has about 85 to 95 percent fancy pods and is similar in seed size to the typical Virginia-type varieties NC-V11 and Perry, but is not as large as Gregory. The growth habit resembles runner varieties. Its resistance to TSWV is better than that of Georgia Green, and its reaction to white mold and leaf spot is similar to that of Georgia Green. Pod yield of Florida Fancy has been very good, especially in sandy soils.

Georgia-08V: A high-yielding, high-oleic, TSWV-resistant, large-seeded, Virginia-type variety, Georgia-08V was developed at the UGA Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton. The variety has shown a high level of resistance to TSWV. Georgia14

/ THE PEANUT GROWER • FEBRUARY 2015

Gregory: Gregory has a growth habit intermediate between runner and bunch types. Maturity is similar to NC-V11 (145–150 DAP). This variety produces an exceptionally high percentage of ELKs and Fancy pods. Due to the large seed size, Gregory has a high soil calcium requirement, which may result in reduced seedling vigor if seed are produced under conditions with limited calcium uptake. It has medium resistance to TSWV. Perry: Perry is a high-yielding, large-seeded and CBRresistant variety. Perry is less susceptible to Sclerotinia Blight and Web Blotch than other Virginia-type varieties, but tends to have high susceptibility to TSWV. Maturity is approximately 14 days later than NC-V11. Growth habit is intermediate between runner and bunch types.

Perry has a pink seed coat and good pod color. Fancy pod and ELK percentage is slightly lower than other varieties.

Phillips: Phillips is a large-seeded Virginia-type peanut with an intermediate runner growth habit. Yield has been high relative to other Virginia-type varieties. Phillips has a high content of ELKs, but it is susceptible to diseases in the V-C region. It matures later than NC-V11 and CHAMPS. Sugg: Released in 2009, Sugg was developed at the North Carolina State University to be resistant to multiple diseases.

It has resistance to TSWV, CBR, Sclerotinia Blight and early leaf spot. Sugg has an intermediate runner growth habit and the color of the seed coat is pink. Sugg produces high yields and has larger kernels than Bailey. It also has good blanching and flavor characteristics.

Sullivan: Released by North Carolina State University in 2013, Sullivan is a high-oleic Virginia-type cultivar with alternate branching pattern, intermediate runner growth habit and medium-green foliage. It was developed from a cross with a sister line of Bailey and, as Bailey, it has partial resistFour-Year (2011-2014) Average Field Performance Of VirginiaType Varieties In Two Or Three Locations In Florida.

(Source: University of Florida)

Virginia Variety Bailey Florida Fancy**

Yield (lb/a) 6353 5797

TSMK (%) 74.7 73.6

*TSWV ratings (1= no disease); ** high-oleic oil chemistry

TSWV (1-10)* 1.2 1.3

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Yield Performance Of Virginia-Type Varieties, Tifton, Ga., Irrigated, 2012-2014.

Yield Performance Of Virginia-Type Varieties, Midville And Tifton, Ga., Non-Irrigated, 2014.

Virginia Variety

2012 Yield (lb/a)

2013 Yield (lb/a)

2014 Yield (lb/a)

2014 TSMK (%)

Virginia Variety

Midville Yield TSMK (lb/a) (%)

Tifton Yield TSMK (lb/a) (%)

Georgia-08V

5935

5663

6229

73.5

Georgia-08V

3943

73.0

4224

65.0

Georgia-11J

5185

6059

5941

69.0

Florida Fancy

3657

70.0

3657

59.0

CHAMPS

5641

5167

5812

64.0

Georgia-11J

3374

67.5

4284

65.0

5439

67.5

Sugg

3292

69.0

4819

65.0

5386

69.5

Bailey

3240

65.0

5033

65.5

3003

68.0

4764

65.0

Wynne Bailey

5155

5307

Florida Fancy

5191

5031

5302

69.0

Sullivan

Sugg

5079

5067

5252

67.5

Wynne

2992

64.5

4768

62.0

5164

69.5

CHAMPS

2577

63.5

4258

58.5

5094

62.0

Titan

2357

61.5

4666

58.5

Sullivan Titan

4867

4649

Source: John Gassett, Program Coordinator, UGA Variety Evaluation, Griffin Campus,1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, Ga. 30223

ance to the four common diseases in the Virginia-Carolina peanut production area: early leaf spot, CBR, Sclerotinia blight and TSWV. Sullivan has approximately 45 percent jumbo pods and 40 percent fancy pods, and seeds tan with seed coat averaging 931 mg seed1. Yields and the number of days to maturity are similar with Bailey (145 days). Seed may not be sufficient until 2015 planting season.

Source: John Gassett, Program Coordinator, UGA Variety Evaluation, Griffin Campus,1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, Ga. 30223

Titan: Titan is an extra large seeded peanut with an exceptionally high content of jumbo pods and super extra-large kernels. It is suitable for in-shell, gourmet and green boiling products. Yields are relatively low if not irrigated. Maturity is considered early (only five days later than CHAMPS). This variety is moderately susceptible to susceptible to TSWV, CBR and Sclerotinia blight.

Get your crop off to a good start.

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FEBRUARY 2015 • THE PEANUT GROWER /

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Wynne: A variety tested as N08081olJC, Wynne was released by North Carolina State University in 2013. This variety resembles Sullivan, which Wynne is related to through a Bailey sister line. Wynne has partial resistance to early leaf spot, CBR, Sclerotinia blight and TSWV and has the higholeic characteristic. The percentage of jumbo pods is 68 with 21 percent fancy pods. Seeds have a pink seed coat and average 1051 mg seed1. Just like Sullivan, Wynne has yield and maturity similar to Bailey, but significantly higher than CHAMPS, Gregory, NCV11, Perry and Phillips. Seed may not be sufficient until 2015 planting season.

SPANISH-TYPE VARIETIES Georgia-04S: A high-yielding, high-oleic, Spanish-type variety, Georgia-04S was developed at the UGA Coastal Plain Experiment Station. Intended for the same market, Georgia04S has later maturity and pod and seed size similar to other Spanish-market types. Georgia-04S has shown significantly higher yield, TSMK grade and dollar value return per acre compared to other leading Spanish varieties.

OLin: Released from Texas A & M University in 2002, this high-oleic line is comparable to Tamspan 90 in growth habit, maturity and disease resistance. Yield potential is consistently five to 10 percent less than Tamspan 90.

16

/ THE PEANUT GROWER • FEBRUARY 2015

Days To Maturity Virginia-Type Peanut Cultivars Tested in the Virginia-Carolina Region.

Cultivar

Days To Optimum Maturity

Bailey

146

Brantley

146

CHAMPS

147

Florida Fancy

151

Georgia-08V

155

Gregory

149

NC-V11

149

Perry

151

Phillips

148

Spain

128

Sugg

145

Sullivan

142

Wilson

148

Wynne

139

Source: Dr. Tom Isleib, Crop Science Professor, North Carolina State University.

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Summary Of Performance And Grade For Virginia-Type Cultivars Entered In The 2009-2013 Peanut Variety And Quality Evaluation (PVQE) Program Conducted In The Virginia-Carolina Production Area.

Variety

Jumbo Pods (%)

Fancy Pods (%)

ELK (%)

SMK (%)

Yield (lb/a)

Value ($/a)

Bailey

35.7

44.8

39.8

64.6

4651

809

Sugg

40.3

44.1

43.8

63.2

4281

729

Gregory

72.8

18.0

47.0

62.5

4272

711

NC V-11 Georgia-09B Wynne Phillips CHAMPS Sullivan Florida Fancy

35.5 7.8 68.8 44.2 42.1 46.9 63.4

42.7 46.3 20.7 40.3 40.3 36.9 24.8

33.9 27.1 41.8 47.2 38.1 40.3 40.4

62.2 68.0 60.3 65.2 63.3 62.0 61.6

4264 4244 4235 4225 4169 4112 4111

700 718 682 735 704 696 683

Perry

39.3

40.6

40.3

63.7

4066

693

Georgia-08V

53.0

32.6

48.5

63.2

4006

696

Titan

72.7

15.3

34.7

49.0

2150

245

Source: Maria Balota, Assistant Professor, Tidewater AREC, Virginia Tech, http:pubs.ext.vt.edu/author/b/balota-maria-res.html.

Summary Of Performance And Grade For Virginia-Type Cultivars Entered In The 2012-2014 Peanut Variety And Quality Evaluation (PVQE) Program Conducted In The Virginia-Carolina Production Area.

Variety

LSK (%)

Fancy Pods (%)

ELK (%)

SMK (%)

DK(%)

Yield (lb/a) 5093

Bailey

0.5

82.0

42.0

67.0

1.3

Wynne

0.8

93.0

41.0

64.0

2.4

4615

Sullivan

0.5

88.0

45.0

65.0

2.2

4928

Source: Maria Balota, Assistant Professor, Tidewater AREC, Virginia Tech, http:pubs.ext.vt.edu/author/b/balota-maria-res.html.

Pronto: A large-seeded Spanish variety, Pronto has a growth habit typical of Spanish varieties, except that it exhibits more yellow-green color. Pronto has yields and grades similar to Spanco.

Spanco: A high-yielding, Spanish-type variety released from Oklahoma State University, Spanco is early maturing (10 to 14 days earlier than most other Spanish varieties). It has good yield potential, but does not possess the pythium pod rot or Sclerotinia blight resistance found in Tamspan 90.

Tamnut OL06: This Texas A&M University Spanish line is a large-podded, large-seeded higholeic variety with potential use in the runner market. Maturity and yield potential are similar to Tamspan 90. Initial yield results in runner production systems appear less than Flavor Runner 458, but with earlier maturity.

Tamspan 90: Released from Texas A&M University, this variety exhibits typical Spanish growth habit. It is resistant to Pythium pod rot and Scle-

rotinia blight. Maturity runs about 140 to 145 days in West Texas. It has excellent yield potential. PG

Yield And Grade Performance Of Spanish-Type Varieties, Tifton, Ga., Irrigated, 2012-2014.

2012 Variety

2013

2014

2014 TSMK

Yield

Yield

Yield

(lb/a)

(lb/a)

(lb/a)

(%)

Georgia-04S

4365

4528

5639

71.5

Georgia Browne

4450

5052

5605

72.5

Tamnut OL06

3869

3206

4114

62.5

Tamspan 90

4041

3267

3975

67.0

OLin

3270

3197

3835

68.0

Spanco

2956

2559

3467

63.5

Pronto

2983

2741

3314

64.5

Source: John Gassett, Program Coordinator, UGA Variety Evaluation, Griffin Campus,1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, Ga. 30223

FEBRUARY 2015 • THE PEANUT GROWER /

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Minimizing Peanut Disease Developed by The University of Georgia, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences; The University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences; Auburn University, College of Agriculture

any factors combine to influence the risk of losses to Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus. Some factors are more important than others, but no single factor can be used as a reliable TSWV control measure. Research data and on-farm observations indicate that when combinations of factors are considered, an individual field’s risk of losses due to TSWV can be estimated.

There is no way to predict with total accuracy how much TSWV will occur in a given situation or how the disease will affect yield, but by identifying high-risk situations, growers can avoid those production practices that are con-

ducive to major yield losses.

The Peanut Disease Risk Index, known as Peanut Rx, was developed as

M

Download the Peanut Rx app for your smartphone! a tool to evaluate risk associated with individual peanut production situations.

When high-risk situations are identified, growers should consider making modifications (i.e. variety, planting date, seeding rate, etc.) to reduce the level of risk. Using preventative measures to re-

duce risk of TSWV losses is the only way to control the disease.

Risk levels are relative. If this index predicts a low level of risk, you could expect that field to be less likely to suffer major losses due to TSWV than a field that is rated with a higher level of risk.

However, a low index value does not imply that a field is immune from TSWV losses and losses due to TSWV vary from year to year. PG

For each of the following factors that can influence the incidence of TSWV or fungal disease, identify the option that best describes the situation for an individual field. An option must be selected for each risk factor, unless the information is “unknown.” A score of “0” for any variable does not imply “no risk,” but that this practice does not increase the risk of disease as compared to the alternative. Add the numbers associated with each choice to obtain an overall risk index value. Compare that number to the risk scale provided and identify the projected level of risk.

Crop rotation with non-legume crop Years Between Peanut Crop

Spotted Wilt Points Leaf Spot Points

0 1 2 3 or more

NA NA NA NA

25 15 10 5

Soilborne Disease Points White mold Limb rot 25 20 20 15 10 10 5 5

*All crops other than peanut are acceptable to reduce leaf spot. Cotton and grass crops will reduce the severity of white mold. Rhizoctonia limb rot can still be a significant problem, especially with cotton, under longer rotations and favorable conditions (heavy vine growth and irrigation/rainfall). Rotation with soybeans does not reduce the risk to CBR or root-knot nematodes and has minimal impact on risk to white mold or Rhizoctonia limb rot. Rotation with grass crops will decrease the potential risk of limb rot; tobacco and vegetables will not.

Tillage Tillage Conventional Reduced*

Spotted Wilt Points 15 5

Leaf Spot Points 10 0

Soilborne Disease Points White mold Limb rot 0 0 5 5

*For fungal diseases, this does not apply for reduced tillage situations where peanut is following peanut in a rotation sequence. Limb rot can exist on some types of crop debris and use the organic matter as a bridge to the next peanut crop. Funky or irregular leaf spot tends to be more severe in conservation tillage than in conventional, though this malady is not typically associated with yield losses.

Field history Previous disease problems Spotted Wilt Points in the field?* NO NA YES NA

14 18

Leaf Spot Points

/ THE PEANUT GROWER ¥ MARCH 2006 / THE PEANUT GROWER • FEBRUARY 2015

0 10

Soilborne Disease Points White mold Limb rot 0 0 15 10

*YES would be appropriate in fields where leaf spot and/or soilborne diseases were a problem in the field despite use of a good fungicide program.

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Variety selection Variety1

Spotted Wilt Points

Leaf Spot4 Points

30 25 20 20 20 20 10 10 10 10 10 10 5

20 20 25 25 30 15 20 20 20 20 15 15 20

Georgia Green Florida Fancy2 Georgia-09B 2 FloRunTM ‘107’2 TUFRunnerTM ‘511’2 TUFRunnerTM ‘727’2 Georgia Greener3 Georgia-06G Florida-072 Georgia-07W Tifguard5 Bailey3 Georgia 12Y

1Adequate research data is not available for all varieties with regards to all diseases. Additional varieties will be included as data to support the assignment of an index value is available.

2High oleic variety.

Soilborne Disease Points White mold 25 20 25 20 15 15 20 20 15 15 15 10 10

3Varieties Georgia-02C, Georgia Greener and Bailey have increased resistance to Cylindrocladium black rot (CBR) than do other varieties commonly planted in Georgia.

4 The malady referred to as “funky” or “irregular” leaf spot tends to be more severe in Georgia-02C than in other varieties. Although this condition can look like early leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola), the cause of “funky” leaf spot is unknown. Disease losses are not typically associated with funky leaf spot.

5Tifguard has excellent resistance to the peanut root-knot nematode.

Irrigation Does the field receive irrigation?

NO YES

Spotted Wilt Points

Leaf Spot Points

NA NA

0 10

Soilborne Disease Points White mold Limb rot 0 0 5* 10

*Irrigation has a greater effect on Rhizoctonia limb rot than on white mold or CBR.

Planting date Peanuts are planted:

Spotted Wilt Points

Prior to May 1 May 1 to May 10 May 11-31 June 1 - June 10 After June 10

Leaf Spot Points

30 15 5 10 15

Soilborne Disease Points White mold Limb rot 10 0 5 0 0 0 0 5 0 5

0 0 5 10 10

Planting may be delayed due to inclement weather. Earlier plantings have a small increased risk for white mold. Later plantings may have greater limb rot at season end because of cooler soils.

Row pattern Peanuts are planted in: Single rows Twin rows

Spotted Wilt Points

Leaf Spot Points

10 5

0 0

Only plant in conditions conducive to rapid, uniform emergence, otherwise the result may be poor stands or delayed, staggered emergence, both of which contribute to increased spotted wilt. A twin row is considered to be one row for purposes of determining number of plants per foot of row. Closer-planted peanuts tend to have an increased risk to white mold. Point values in parentheses are for varieties with a risk to spotted wilt of more than 25 points.

Soilborne Disease Points White mold Limb rot 5 0 0 0

Plant population (final stand, not seeding rate) Plant Stand

Spotted Wilt Points

Leaf Spot Points

Less than 3 plants per foot 3 to 4 plants per foot1 3 to 4 plants per foot2 More than 4 plants per foot

25 15 10 5

NA NA NA NA

Soilborne Disease Points White mold Limb rot 0 NA 0 NA 0 NA 5 NA

1For varieties with a risk to TSWV of more than 25 points.

2For varieties with a risk to TSWV of less than 25 points.

At-Plant insecticide Insecticide Used None Other than Thimet 20G or Phorate 20G Thimet 20G, Phorate 20G

16

Spotted Wilt Points

Leaf Spot Points

15

NA

15 5

NA NA

/ THE PEANUT GROWER ¥ MARCH 2006

Soilborne Disease Points White mold Limb rot NA NA NA NA

NA NA

*An insecticide’s influence on the incidence of TSWV is only one factor among many to consider when making an insecticide selection. In a given field, nematode problems may overshadow spotted wilt concerns and decisions should be made accordingly.

FEBRUARY 2015 • THE PEANUT GROWER /

19

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Classic herbicide Classic Herbicide Usage

Spotted Wilt Points

Leaf Spot Points

Classic Applied No Classic Applied

5 0

NA NA

Soilborne Disease Points White mold Limb rot NA NA NA NA

Leaf Spot Points

White Mold Points Limb Rot Points

Calculate your risk Spotted Wilt Points Peanut Variety Planting Date Plant Populations At-Plant Insecticide Row Pattern Tillage Classic Herbicide Crop Rotation Field History Irrigation Your Total Index Value

Interpreting Your Risk Total Point total range for tomato spotted wilt = 35-155.

Point total range for leaf spot = 10-100.

Point total range for white mold = 10-95.

Point total range for Rhizoctonia limb rot = 15-75.

Risk Spotted Wilt

Leaf Spot Disease Points

Soilborne Disease Points White mold Limb rot High Risk Greater than or equal to 115 65-100 55-80 To be determined High Risk for fungal diseases: Growers should always use a full fungicide input program in a high-risk situation.

Medium Risk 70-110 40-60 30-50 To be determined Medium Risk for fungal diseases: Growers can expect better performance from standard fungicide programs. Reduced fungicide programs in research studies have been successfully implemented when conditions are not favorable for disease spread.

Low Risk Less than or equal to 65 10-35 10-25 To be determined Low Risk for fungal diseases: These fields are likely to have the least impact from fungal disease. Growers have made the management decisions that offer maximum benefit in reducing the potential for severe disease; these fields are strong candidates for modified disease management programs that require a reduced number of fungicide applications.

Planting ‘Windows’ to Attain Low Risk for Spotted Wilt If planting date were the only factor affecting spotted wilt severity, growers would have no flexibility in when they planted. Fortunately, other factors are involved and by choosing other low-risk options, growers can expand their planting date window. Remember, the goal is to have a total risk index value of 65 or less, regardless of which combination of production practices works best for you. The following table demonstrates how the planting date window expands as other risk factors go down. For example, where a grower achieves a good stand, uses strip tillage and twin rows, and Thimet, but does not use Classic, he may plant a “10” or “15” point variety at ANY time in the season and still be at “Low” risk for spotted wilt.

Points assigned to the peanut variety of interest

20 Production practices and final stand

Poor stand, conventional tillage, single rows, None Temik, Classic is used Average stand, twin rows, conventional tillage, May 11-25 Thimet, no use of Classic Good stand, strip tillage, twin rows, Thimet, After May 1 no use of Classic

20

15

10

Planting date options to achieve a “low risk” for spotted wilt using above varieties

/ THE PEANUT GROWER • FEBRUARY 2015

None

None

May 11-June 5

May 1 - June

ANY

ANY

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Know The Quality Of Irrigation While the Southwest has not completely broken the grip of drought, soil moisture going into the 2015 growing season is much better than the past few years. This is a result of rainfall received late last season and precipitation that has fallen during the winter months. This and other factors appear to have increased JASON WOODWARD interest in peanut production Texas Agri-Life Extension by some growers.

Plant Pathologist When considering peanuts in this region, several factors come into play, including irrigation capacity and water quality, as well as variety selection. Peanuts require 24 to 28 inches of rain within the season to maximize yield, thus when irrigation is limited, it is best to plant fewer acres within a field and concentrate water. Planting too many acres with inadequate irrigation capabilities runs the risk of

experiencing a shortage of water during flowering, pegging and pod fill.

In addition to irrigation amount, quality of irrigation water is an increasingly important thing to consider.

Salinity is a potential problem throughout much of Texas.

As water quality declines, injury and reduced yields may occur; therefore, growers may want to sample irrigation systems to evaluate the electrical conductivity (EC) or sodium absorption ratio (SAR), both of which are commonly used to determine water quality.

Irrigation, in addition to other factors such as soil type, climate and disease pressure, impacts production in the

Southwest and will affect variety selection. Furthermore, there has been somewhat of a shift away from runner peanuts to other market-types, such as Spanish and Virginia peanuts. When selecting a variety, it is important to evaluate varieties based on regional performance. While yield and grade attributes must be given top priority, other aspects such as disease tolerance, growth habit, maturity and seed quality should also be considered.

A number of new runner, Spanish and Virginia varieties have been released and will be available this season. If possible, newer varieties should be slowly integrated into farming operations and planted on a smaller proportion of acres, until producers gain experience with them and are comfortable growing such varieties. Contact your Extension office for more information about peanut production or variety selection.

Weigh Costs Of Production Moving into late winter, there continues to be some unknowns about contracts in the V-C region and subsequent plantings. The 2014 season brought high yields and grades for Virginia-market types, which has contributed to the substantial stocks of peanuts.

Unlike most years, there is DAVID JORDAN greater interest in producing North Carolina State runner-market types in the University Virginia-Carolina region given Extension Agronomist the lower price projections and the generally lower cost of production for runner types compared with Virginias. However, when comparing production costs, the margin is narrower when one compares jumbo runners with the extremely popular Virginia-type variety Bailey.

Seeding rates (pounds/acre) and the need for gypsum are much closer for the current varieties compared to some of the historical comparisons such as Georgia Green and Gregory or CHAMPS. Also, the spike in Sclerotinia blight in the V-C region in 2014 reminds us that susceptibility of varieties can also influence yield potential and/or production costs.

The disease package for Bailey and its size (seed cost) can make the difference in costs of production between the market types very narrow. The decision to grow runners or

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21

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Virginias needs to be considered in great detail.

A consistent theme being discussed is where will the peanuts be stored if we have another big crop? Regardless of the market type, it is essential to make sure whatever you grow has a home.

Seed Size May Offer Savings With peanut acres likely increasing in 2015 because of the Farm Bill and suppressed prices of other commodities, growers need to take several things into account to achieve maximum returns. Cultivar selection is by far one of the most important decisions a grower will make.

For the most part, cultivar SCOTT MONFORT selection has been an easy deciUniversity of Georgia sion the last few years. Very Extension Agronomist few cultivars have made their mark like Georgia-06G in overall performance until recently. Growers now have more choices of high-yielding, disease-resistant cultivars. For example, Georgia-12Y is one of the first runner cultivars released with superior resistance to both white mold and tomato spotted wilt virus compared to other runners.

Several other cultivars in the early stages of release also have a high level of resistance to peanut root-knot nematode, all of which have high yield and grade potential comparable to Georgia-06G. Other key characteristics to note in several of the recently released cultivars are seed size and maturity.

In the last five to seven years, seed size of the popular cultivars have increased causing growers to plant in excess of 140 pounds per acre compared to that of Georgia Green at 115 pound per acre at a six seed per foot seeding rate. The good news is seed size has decreased in many of the newer cultivars allowing growers a chance to trim some of their input costs. With more high-yielding cultivars available now with varying ranges in maturity, growers can extend their harvest season, potentially reducing harvest losses. Georgia Greener, Georgia-06G and Tifguard have what we call the “normal” or medium-maturity range of approximately 135-140 days after planting. Georgia-12Y, Florida-07 and TUFRunnerTM ‘727’, and TUFRunnerTM ‘511’ all mature about seven to 14 days later than Georgia-06G. Knowing and understanding the yield potential, disease resistance, seed size and maturity range of a peanut cultivar

22 /

THE PEANUT GROWER • FEBRUARY 2015

is the basis for producing a high-yielding and good quality peanut crop.

However, selection of the most optimum cultivar is only part of the equation. Growers also need to get started on the right foot: soil sample every field you have. Knowing the condition of the field (ie. fertility and pH) will also set the stage for high-yielding peanuts. Growers should answer the following question, “What disease problems have I experienced in this field in the past?” Remembering the disease spectrum will allow for pairing the field to the right cultivar based on its disease resistance characteristics. Georgia-12Y, for instance, has superior southern stem rot (white mold) resistance compared to Georgia-06G, but is more susceptible to Rhizoctonia limb rot than Georgia-06G. Know your risk no matter what cultivar you select. Another factor to consider in determining cultivar selection is whether a field is irrigated or non-irrigated. Many of the cultivars available can be considered high yielding under irrigation but do not perform very well in drought conditions.

One final comment to growers as they start to plan for the 2015 growing season, please remember to maintain adequate peanut rotation for your farming operation. A reduction in the number of years between peanut can and will cause problems in the years to come, if not in 2015.

Soil Sample To Justify Inputs Looking at total peanut production for Alabama last year shows that we had one of the tougher years that we have experienced in quite some time, which led to an average yield of 3,200 pounds per acre.

Along with lower yields, Alabama endured several quality issues. There was an increase in the number of tons of Segregation 2 and 3 peanuts KRIS BALKCOM due to dry weather, lesser corn Auburn University stalk borers and worms.

Agri-Program Associate Now growers are faced with more challenges and difficult decisions due to lower commodity prices and the implementation of the new Farm Bill. Each decision is critical because we must produce high yields to offset lower prices and keep input cost low.

The best money that a grower can spend is on soil sampling. Soil sampling informs the grower of the amount of nutrients in the soil for the crop and exactly what he needs to spend to fulfill that crop’s needs regarding fertility requirements to make a justifiable yield.

A sound management plan for this year will require good soil sampling and reliance on sound soil test calibration and analysis to ensure that every dollar spent on fertility is justified. Challenging years require tighter management.

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BECAUSE PERFECT POWER SOURCES DON’T JUST GROW ON TREES. 7 powerful grams of plant-based protein Over 30 essential vitamins and nutrients

The most preferred nut in America Nothing beats a handful a day for heart health

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SM

nationalpeanutboard.org

ScientiďŹ cevidencesuggestsbut doesnot provethat eating1.5ouncesper dayof most nuts, includingpeanuts, aspart of adiet lowinsaturatedfat &cholesterol mayreducetheriskof heart disease.

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