Building Science - Project 2 Report

BLD 61303 / ARC 3413 PROJECT 2 : INTEGRATION PROJECT

NAME : ONG JIE EN STUDENT ID : 0323835 TUTOR : MR. EDWIN

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Table of Content

1.0 Introduction 1.1 Objective 1.2 Site Analysis 1.3 Floor Plans

2.0 Lighting Analysis 2.1 Artificial lighting analysis 2.2 Daylighting analysis

3.0 References

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1.0 Introduction 1.1

Objectives

The objective of this project is to integrate our understanding on the principle of lighting design in the context of the library in Jalan Besar. It encompasses on the artificial lighting and daylighting systems as well as the PSALI design strategies.

1.2

Site Analysis

The site of this community library design proposal is located at Jalan Besar, Klang. It is sandwiched in between two shophouses, which is an infill project. Therefore, limited amount of sunlight could penetrate into the building. The front and back faรงade treatments are designed as curtain wall with timber louvers as this allow constant lightness, transparency and visual permeability. The transparency of faรงade and interior walls promotes visual engagement which related to the design intention of the library. With the aid of utilization of natural lighting through fenestration, it enhances the spatial quality of the space. The adequate amount of sunlight entering the building reduces the use of artificial lighting. The designed community library is a library that promotes interaction between the community through the space arrangement and the programmes. In this project, we were required to propose two significant spaces for implementing the artificial and daylighting strategies (PSALI) as integral part of the design.

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8am

1 pm

6 pm

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Floor Plans

Ground floor plan

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Space B

First floor plan

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Space A

Second floor plan

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2.0 Lighting Analysis 2.1

Artificial lighting analysis

The lumen method is a simplified method to calculate the light level in a room. The method is a series of calculations that uses horizontal illuminance criteria to establish a uniform luminaire layout in a space. It can be calculated by dividing the total number of lumens available in a space by the area of the space. The calculation is shown as below: đ?‘ľ=

��� � � �� � ��

Where, N = Number of lamps required E = Illuminance level required (lux) A = Area at working plane height (m²) F = Average luminous flux from each lamp (lm) UF = Utilization factor MF = Maintenance factor

đ?‘šđ?’?đ?’?đ?’Ž đ?’Šđ?’?đ?’…đ?’†đ?’™ =

��� �� � (� + �)

L = Length W = Width Hm = mounted height of fitting above the working plane

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For filament lamps (bulbs) in direct luminaires : đ?‘şđ?’Žđ?’‚đ?’™ = đ?&#x;?. đ?&#x;Ž đ?’™ đ?’‰ đ?’Ž

S max = maximum horizontal spacing between fittings H m = mounted height of fitting above the working plane

Selected Space : Space A – Workshop area

The chosen space is a workshop area where people can have activities like art workshop etc.

Artificial lighting is needed in this area as daylight is at its minimal point.

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Lumen Method Type of fixture Image of fixture

Direct pendent light

Product dimension (mm)

Diameter : 38 Cord Length : 1500 Warm white 1200 11 2200-2700 80 15000 6.26 x 10.54 65.98 4 1055

Type of luminous Luminous flux (lm) Power (W) Colour temperature (K) Colour rendering index (CRI) Average life rates (hrs) Dimension of room (m) Total Floor area (m²) Height of ceiling Luminous flux of lighting, F (lm) Height of Luminaires (m) Height of working plane (m) Mounting Height (Hm) Standard illumination according to MS1525 Reflectance Factor

Room index, RI

4 1 3 200 Ceiling : 0.7 Wall : 0.5 Working plane (wood finishing): 0.2 6.26x10.54 4 ( 6.26+10.54)

Utilization factor, UF Maintenance Factor, MF Number of fittings required, N

Maximum horizontal spacing between fittings, S max (m)

= 0.98

0.48 0.8

N=

300x65.98 1200x0.48x0.8

=42.95=42

S max = 1.0 x3 = 3

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Light Fixture Spacing Diagram

Based on the calculation, the distance between lamps shall not more than 3m. To allocate 42 lamps in this area, the distance between lamps are 1.26m x 0.84m.

Section of workshop area with direct pendant light

light contour before applying light fixtures. There’s no sunlight penetrates into the building.

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2.2

Daylight Factor Analysis

Daylight factor is a ratio that represents the amount of illumination available indoors relative to the illumination present outdoors at the same time under over cast skies. It is used to assess the internal natural lighting levels as perceived on the working plane or surface, in order to determine if there is sufficient natural lighting for the occupants of the space to carry out their normal duties.

Daylight Factor, DF=(Ei/Eo) x 100% Where, Ei= illuminance due to daylight at a point on the indoor’s working plane Eo= Simultaneous outdoor illuminance on a horizontal plane from an unobstructed hemisphere of overcast sky

Average daylight factor may be used to assess the adequacy of daylight through the following formula: Average DF=

� �

đ?‘ťđ?œ˝

x đ?&#x;?−đ?‘š

Where, W = area of the windows (m²) A = total area of the internal surfaces (m²) T = the glass transmittance corrected for dirt

đ?œƒ

= visible sky angle in degrees from the centre of the window

R = the average reflectance of area A

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Space B – Children Play Area

The chosen space is a children play area where children can play with each other, study and make friends. Adequate sunlight penetrates into the area.

Daylight calculation Dimension of room (m) Total floor area (m²) Window area, W (m²) Total area of internal surfaces ( A/m²) Glass transmittance corrected for dirt,T Visible sky angle in degrees from the centre of the window, đ?œƒ Average reflectance of area, R Average daylight factor, ADF External illuminance ( Eo/lx) Daylight factor calculation

10.54 x 8.46 89.17 42.16 + 33.84 =76 2(42.16)+2(33.84)+2(89.17) – 76 =254.34 0.6 75º R=

0.7+0.5+0.2 3 76

= 0.47 0.6 ( 25Âş)

ADF= đ?‘Ľ 254.34 1−0.47 =8.45% 20000 (clear sky) DF= (Ei/Eo) x 100% đ??¸đ?‘– 8.45%= x 100% 20000 = 1690(lx) 13

Analysis : Based on the calculations, the children play area have an average daylight factor of 8.45% and a natural illumination of 1690lux. The natural light penetrated into the space is very bright. Although, the daylight factor is high, there’s louvers that aid in blocking part of the sunlight.

Lumen Method : Type of fixture

Direct pendent light with dimmable LED bulb

Image of fixture

Type of luminous Luminous flux (lm) Power (W) Colour temperature (K) Colour rendering index (CRI) Dimension of room (m) Total Floor area (m²) Height of ceiling Luminous flux of lighting, F (lm) Height of Luminaires (m) Height of working plane (m) Mounting Height (Hm) Standard illumination according to MS1525 Reflectance Factor

Room index, RI

Warm white to extra warm white 1200 11 2200-2700 80 10.54 x 8.46 89.17 4 1200 4 1 3 200 Ceiling : 0.7 Wall : 0.5 Working plane (wood finishing): 0.2 8.46x10.54 4 ( 8.46+10.54)

= 1.17

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Utilization factor, UF Maintenance Factor, MF Number of fittings required, N

Maximum horizontal spacing between fittings, S max (m)

0.53 0.8

N=

200x89.17 1200x0.53x0.8

=35

S max = 1.0 x3 = 3

Light Fixture Spacing Diagram

Based on the calculation, the distance between lamps shall not more than 3m. To allocate 35 lamps in this area, the distance between lamps are 1.26m x 1.34m.

Light contour before applying light fixtures into the space.

The curtain wall area allows large amount of sunlight penetrates into the building.

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References

1. Ander, G. (2003). Daylighting performance and design. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons.

2. Room Illumination Level. (n.d.). Retrieved July 1, 2018, from http://www.lumitronlighting.com/lighting_nowledge/LUX%20LEVEL _IESLuxLevel.pdf

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