The Official Publication of the Ohio Nursery & Landscape Association
January / February 2015 Vol. 26, Issue 1
in 2015
Setting sail
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The Buckeye is published 10 times per year by The Ohio Nursery & Landscape Association, Inc. 72 Dorchester Square Westerville, OH 43081 p 614.899.1195 f 614.899.9489 www.onla.org info@onla.org
CONTENTS
Editorial / Advertising ISSN 1536-7940 Subscriptions: $75/year amanda@onla.org, editor
January / February 2015 Vol. 26, Issue 1
The Fine Print The statements and opinions expressed herein are those of individual authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the association, directors or staff and do not constitute an endorsement of the products or featured services. Likewise, the appearance of advertisers, or their identification as members of the ONLA does not constitute an endorsement of the products or featured services.
4
President’s Perspective
26
Nursery Growers: Observations
Setting Sail in 2015
from the Winter of 2014
8
ONLA Office Update
35
The Energy of ONLA
Bill Activity in Lame Duck
departments 11
By Design
Annual Book Review
Steve Maddox, President Elect Michell’s
Hillary Henry, Board Member The Pattie Group Annette Howard, Board Member Gilson Gardens, Inc. Adam McClanahan, Board Member Carlton Plants Josh Posey, Board Member Buckeye Resources, Inc.
13 22
25
28
34
Educational Update Effects from Germination to Field Landscapers’ Viewpoint Is it time for 3D Design? Look to the Future Getting Youth Involved in the Outdoors Why Trees Matter A New Year for Trees In Memoriam Remembering Green Industry Professionals
Ellen Purcell, Board Member Riepenhoff Landscape, Ltd.
January / February 2015 Vol. 26, Issue 1
Setting sail
in 2015 front cover:
Mark Reiner, Board Member Oakland Nursery, Inc.
In the spirit of land stewardship, please consider recycling this publication.
Registration Open!
Legislative Hotline
David Richards, Immediate Past President South Ridge Farm
Directors
2015 Green Industry Advocacy
The Official Publication of the Ohio Nursery & Landscape Association
Mike Dues, President Dues Nursery & Landscaping, Ltd.
features
6
Staff Kevin Thompson, Executive Director Roni Petersen, Membership & Certification Amanda Domsitz, Communications Director Amy Eldridge, CENTS Manager Karen Lykins, Accountant Lisa Larson, Education Director Officers
industry news
“The Wings of Winter”
also in this issue
41 Industry Calendar • 38 New Members • 42 About The Buckeye • 42 Classified Ads • 42 Ad Index
B
President’s Perspective
Dave Richards South Ridge Farms ONLA President sridgefarm@windstream.net
Setting Sail In 2015 This will be my last article as President of The Ohio Nursery & Landscape Association. I have watched the “Landscape” at ONLA change dramatically over the last two years on the Executive Committee. Jim Searcy is to be commended and thanked for his guidance both as President and Immediate Past President. As Jim pointed out to the Board in his closing comments at his last Board meeting, we have many new faces and much has changed. Amy Eldridge is completing her second cycle as our CENTS Show manager, Amanda Domsitz has elevated her game to become ONLA’s Communications Director, Lisa Larson has joined the team undertaking the daunting task as Education Director, and Karen Lykins has become ONLA’s Accountant. Through all of this change, Roni Petersen has been the voice of experience and has taken on additional responsibilities organizationally while still doing a terrific job as Membership and Certification Manager. Our Executive Director, Kevin Thompson, has overseen all of these changes and has continued to grow himself, and to grow our association. There really is no way to thank these fine people for their hard work and dedication to ONLA. I would ask that as you come in contact with these truly wonderful people that you say thanks to them. A personal gesture of appreciation would
4 The Buckeye
be greatly appreciated by them, and me as your now Past President. As I reflect on my year, I have been blessed with this opportunity to serve an organization that I have been involved with for over 35 years. As I said in my inaugural comments, I never would have dreamed of having this kind of opportunity. It has been an honor. I have had the opportunity to deepen old friendships and make many new ones. I want to thank the Board of Directors; Bill Mainland, Annette Howard, Mike Dues, Jason Bornhorst, Mark Reiner, Josh Posey, Hannah Mathers, and Dave Listerman. Your dedication has been awe inspiring as we spent the long days together in Columbus charting the new course for ONLA. I have never served with a finer group of diverse and talented people. You never wavered in your responsibilities in making some of the tough decisions this past year. You have all represented yourselves, your companies, and our members well. I would also like to thank all of our members who chair or serve on our committees. This year especially there has been more asked of each of you who volunteer their time, talents and treasures to help us continue to achieve our mission. I look forward to working with you this coming year and in the future. onla.org
Special thanks to all of the Past Presidents who have been there for guidance and support. Looking forward I see many of the same challenges that have faced us since I entered the industry at the age of 16. There is an acute shortage of young people entering all segments of our industry. I fear that this single issue will limit our ability to grow and prosper. Our “professionalism” from an image standpoint still needs much work. A political consultant once told me that “perception is reality” and unfortunately many parents and outsiders still view the green industry as part-time-seasonal. Certification has done a great deal to help with this but we all need to dedicate ourselves to growing tomorrow’s future leaders from within our respective industry segments and our own organizations. There are so many outstanding companies out there to build a career with, how do we effectively communicate that message? Thankfully the economy has been better this year, and for most that I have spoken with, so has the bottom line. Let us hope this continues. As I close, I want to thank my wife Ann. Ann has always supported me and never complained about the many evenings and weekends spent at the computer answering or writing emails, or conversing on the phone with colleagues. It is now time for me to be put out to pasture, and it is with mixed feeling that I accept my fate. This past year has been a wonderful experience and I look forward to watching those coming up through the ranks lead us into the future. Calm seas and steady breezes to you all. B
Dave’s view from his sailboat!
onla.org
January / February 2015 5
B
ONLA Office Update
Kevin Thompson ONLA Executive Director kevin@onla.org
The Energy of ONLA
This is a challenging article for me to write because as much as I want to write about the upcoming CENTS, I’m not sure you’ll have a chance to read it before CENTS, or not. Especially this year, with CENTS taking place earlier than ever. Things are shaping up for another great convention, with an excellent looking program for the debut of CENTS University, numerous advance registrations and brisk booth sales. Hopefully, we’ll see you there. I’ll re-cap another successful CENTS in my March article. On November 8, the ONLA once again partnered with the Ohio Lawn Care Association (OLCA) in “The Grateful Embrace.” This volunteer project is held at Ohio’s two veteran cemeteries on a Saturday morning in November each year in conjunction with Veteran’s Day. OLCA started this project about 20 years ago, which then led to PLANET’s Day of Remembrance at Arlington Cemetery. The ONLA has participated the last 4 years. Dozens of volunteers arrived early on this chilly Saturday morning at the Dayton National Cemetery and Ohio Western Reserve National Cemetery in Rittman. After a brief program, volunteers donated their time fertilizing, renovating landscape beds, clearing brush, planting trees…all to help make our veteran’s cemeteries nicer for those who are buried there and for those who visit them. After 3-4 hours of hard work we all enjoyed delicious pulled pork sandwiches, fellowship, and the satisfaction of knowing a good deed had been done. Thanks to all of you who participated in this meaningful
6 The Buckeye
project, and to those member companies who donated plants and materials. We hope you’ll join us next November for this truly gratifying community service project. A busy fall season had me at many other places…out visiting with members, legislators, allied organizations… promoting our industry. In September, I had a chance to speak at the Maumee Valley Growers Association meeting with our friends from the northwest part of the state. An inspector from the PUCO gave a presentation about the many ambiguous and confusing rules regulating motor carriers. He answered questions for more than an hour. There have been recent changes with more proposed regulatory changes on the horizon. If you’ve got trucks, you’ll want to keep informed. Next was the ONLA golf outing at Bent Tree Golf Course. Perfect weather added to a great time for all who participated, while raising money for scholarships. The following week I was at the “National Planting Day” event at the Ohio Statehouse. This was a great chance to expose legislators and consumers to our “Plant Something” campaign. The following week I attended the Great Lakes Nursery & Landscape Executives Conference in Lake Placid, New York. As always, this was a highly informative and motivating meeting with my colleagues from the Great Lakes region. Soon after this conference was the Green Industry Expo in Louisville. If you haven’t been to Louisville in a while you’d be surprised by how much it’s changed. The GIE Expo probably had onla.org
a lot to do with this. While there I had the opportunity to see 2015 CENTS Keynote Speaker Janine Driver. Everyone raved about her. You won’t want to miss Janine’s Keynote Speech on January 8. In late October, I was invited by OSU to attend a Midwest Climate Hub meeting in Toledo. This was a very interesting meeting about climate change. We didn’t talk about if climate change is occurring, or who or what is to blame. It was about how climate change might affect specialty crop producers in the Midwest. I learned a lot from other specialty crop growers around the region. Finally, I was pleased to be invited to speak at the Cleveland Flower Growers Association meeting in early November. It was nice to get a chance to learn a little more about this organization and how the ONLA can collaborate with them. Fortunately, my schedule slowed down a little in December and I could focus my energies on CENTS. But I really do enjoy getting out around the state visiting with constituents and representing Ohio’s green industry. I hope to do it even more in 2015. I wish you all a safe, prosperous 2015! B
Photos from the 2014 Grateful Embrace Event in Rittman, Ohio. onla.org
January / February 2015 7
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Legislative Hotline
Belinda Jones ONLA Legislative Consultant bjones@capitol-consulting.net
Bill Activity in Lame Duck
HB 5 (Grossman; muni tax reform): passed both chambers and as of this writing is on its way to the Governor. In her floor speech asking for House concurrence on Senate amendments, sponsor Rep. Cheryl Grossman (R; Grove City) explained that the bill would provide much-needed uniformity and simplicity for Ohio’s currently convoluted system, which allows various guidelines among the state’s hundreds of cities. She further stated that HB 5 will “positively impact the future of Ohio.” Five business groups had deemed it a “key vote” in maintaining that it would bolster Ohio’s tax climate and make it more competitive with other states. The Ohio Municipal League (OML) remained a staunch and formidable opponent. Citing concerns about possible revenue loss to local governments, the OML put a great deal of pressure on many legislators. If this was a bill of interest to you, and if your legislator voted favorably on the bill, a thank you note is in order! HB 490 (Hall and Thompson; Environmental MBR): The Senate Ag committee held a number of hearings on this bill but Sen. Hite (Senate Ag Committee Chairman), his committee and the Administration concluded that there were too many issues to fix and thus the bill will not move during lame duck (meaning, it will have to be reintroduced in the next General Assembly). SB 378/HB 659 (enforcement of protection of underground utilities) as indicated in prior articles and communication with the legislative committee and board, these bills have been on the fast track. Part of the reason for the great expediency is that Ohio has been lag to fully comply with the federal PIPES Act which requires states to have a one call system and an enforcement mechanism. Ohio passed the “one call” bill two years ago with the support of the Ohio Underground Protection Coalition (of which ONLA is a member). However, the bill had no “teeth” or enforcement provisions, a requirement of the PIPES Act. Failure to comply with the federal act could result in federal enforcement or other complications.
8 The Buckeye
The bill creates an Underground Utility Damage Prevention Grant Program, and, among other things, assigns enforcement of the law to the Public Utilities Commission of Ohio and a 17-member Underground Technical Committee. The bill requires utilities, excavators, developers and designers who participate in the One Call notification system to register with the PUCO and pay a safety registration fee of up to $50 annually. The bill is a product of NUMEROUS interested party meetings with legislators, excavators and utilities. It should be noted that at such meetings the excavators were outnumbered probably by at least 5-1 by the utility lobby. So while we were participants, we were the “David” and the utilities were “Goliath.” Still, improvements were made along the way. After more than 20 amendments, ultimately the Coalition took a neutral stance on the bill and the Associated General Contractors became proponents. The Ohio Homebuilders Association opposed the bill. We communicated the following concerns to the Chairman and various members of the committee: • A true “one call system” does not exist (not all utilities participate in the one call system) • The utilities protection service is overloaded and in need of updating • The utilities protection service is not always prompt on marking within the required 48 hours (this could become worse with added demand) • The utilities protection program is not required to confirm with contractors when the lines have been marked, thus, the contractors have to blindly rely on the assumption that the service met the 48 hour requirement when they schedule installations • Our customers expect and rely on installations being made as scheduled In interested party meetings, the chief sponsor of the bill, Sen. Bill Coley (R; Liberty Township) indicated that there would be a need to continue revisiting this issue onla.org
and that we are free to take to him any concerns that the legislation does not address and/or creates. Meanwhile Tom Demaline has this subject flagged for discussion with the Small Business Advisory Council of the Common Sense Initiative. We will be continuing to monitor the implementation of this bill including trying (might be impossible) to get an ONLA member appointed to the Underground Technical Committee. Please continue to utilize the one-call system in full compliance with the law, monitor its effectiveness and track any problems so that we may take our concerns to the legislature next year. HB 140 (residential contractors) After sitting idle for a year, the House Commerce and Labor Committee accepted a sub bill for HB 140 (Patmon- D; Cleveland). The bill will not likely move in lame duck (it is not scheduled for further hearings) but the accepting of a sub bill is noteworthy. At deadline for this article, an electronic copy of the sub bill is not yet available. As such, I have a call in to Rep. Young (Chairman of House Commerce and Labor Committee) to find out more. This will likely be reintroduced next year, so, hold on for more details.
GREEN INDUSTRY ADVOCACY DAY IS FEBRUARY 25 Make plans now to join our green industry allies and attend the third Green Industry Advocacy Day, February 25, 2015 in Columbus at the Riffe Center and the State House. While we are still finalizing the full agenda, we are pleased to announce that our luncheon keynote speaker will be Ohio Environmental Protection Agency (OEPA) Director Craig Butler. Director Butler’s background, philosophy, and approach brings a “new day” to OEPA and you need to hear about it from him. Also invited to speak is ONLA Legislator of the Year, Senator Bob Peterson and others. In addition to hearing from some great speakers, advocacy day affords attendees the chance to network with Green Industry allies, meet with their legislators, advocate on behalf of Green Industry issues, tour the state house, shop at the State House Museum shop, attend committee hearings, and mingle with legislators at a reception at the end of the day! Attendees in the past have found the day to be both fun and informative! Register now at onla.org! B
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January / February 2015 9 12/5/14 2:13 PM
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By Design
Annual Book Review Fine Foliage: Elegant Plant Combinations for Garden and Container When designing combinations for containers, nothing is more frustrating than having the vision in your head not be matched by the planted container. Karen Chapman and Christina Salwitz, in Fine Foliage: Elegant Plant Combinations for Garden and Container, have written a book that will negate such results. They carefully explain why a design works, starting with picking a color theme that offers variety of foliage texture and form. The authors also remind us that our perception of texture is affected by light. Flowers, if used, become the icing on the cake. Happily, many of these combinations can also be used in the garden with specific reference made to the type of soil that will be conducive to success. The book is divided into two parts, one for sun and one for shade. The headers for each combination indicate the optimal amount of light, the length of visual interest, the type of soil, and the zone hardiness. Each two page layout features individual photos and text as well as a photo of the combination that can range from two to seven plants. I’m always trying new combinations and there were several that attracted my attention. Others made me put on my thinking cap. What plant could I exchange because of zone unhardiness for color, texture, or form yet keep the basic premise of the combination? The color photographs by Ashley DeLatour are works of art and will probably have you searching for plants that are not usually available for us. (The authors live on the West Coast.) Only 140 pages, this book is a quick read but full of ideas. Whether you are a landscape designer who creates containers for your clients or a home gardener, reading this book is a must.
The Plant Lover’s Guide to Sedums We all know how unreliable the weather is but we can always count on periods of drought, sites that are sunny and dry, and containers in the sun that dry out very onla.org
Bobbie Schwartz, FAPLD Bobbie’s Green Thumb bobbie@bgthumb.com
quickly. One of the mainstays of such sites is the huge genus, Sedum. Few genera offer so much versatility in size, form, texture, and color. Thus, Sedum is a boon to anyone designing gardens or landscapes. Although I am a certified plantaholic, I had no idea that there were so many different textures and forms until I read The Plant Lover’s Guide to Sedums by Brent Horvath, a perennial nursery owner and breeder. Brent divides sedums into two categories: those used as border plants and those used as groundcovers. Those used as border plants have been reclassified botanically as Hylotelephium. These plants are upright, look like light green broccoli during the summer and are in their glory in the fall but also look like sculptures in the winter, especially when covered with snow. They combine beautifully with ornamental grasses, offering great textural and form contrast to the linearity of the grasses. They also combine well with many other perennials that also like full sun and well-drained soil and Brent suggests several combinations. It had never occurred to me to use the upright Sedum as a low hedge but the photos make such a hedge quite attractive. My only qualm is the amount of spring maintenance that would be needed. The groundcover sedums are very useful in unirrigated areas and on slopes to prevent erosion. They are also relatively maintenance free except for controlling their tendency to spread but they are much easier to control than groundcovers like Bishop’s Weed that have farreaching root systems or Veronica chamaedrys which forms a tight mat, squeezing out everything in its path. While many are deciduous, others change color during the fall and winter. An excellent example of that is the popular Sedum ‘Angelina’. It has yellow foliage that takes on an orange cast during the winter. Some of the newer but very short upright sedums, called cloud sedums by Brent, can also be planted closely and used as slightly taller groundcovers.
please see page 12
January / February 2015 11
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continued from page 11
Whether an upright or a groundcover Sedum, this genus offers a wide range of foliage color that is delineated in several lists. Although we think of sedums for sun, there are a few that thrive in shade and a page is dedicated to those. There is also a discussion of the ones best for rock walls, green walls, green roofs, and fairy gardens. As I mentioned earlier, the upright sedums are now Hylotelephium. Unfortunately for those of us who are not taxonomists, there are now four other types of sedums that Brent identifies and explains as simply as possible. Although we recognize sedums by their foliage, they have different types of flowers that are used to identify them and they bloom at different times depending on the new genus or species. While there is also a section on growing and propagating sedums, the bulk of the book is dedicated to discussing the zone hardiness, cultural needs, and landscape and design uses of 150 sedums useful in the garden. The beautiful photographs will make it easy to identify sedums that you have seen or will now want. Since the last book on sedums was written in 1994, there have been many taxonomic changes and new introductions. Brent has taken a very complex genus and delivered it to us in an understandable way. This is a reference book you need on your shelf.
Each design has a theme and this wide variety of plans ranges in size, shape, style, and location including front yards and balconies, gardens and containers. Many of these gardens not only produce food; they also contribute to the health and population of pollinators and other beneficial insects. I’ve always pinched off basil flowers in order to maximize the foliage without realizing that these flowers attract bees. From now on, I’ll have to leave some for the bees. Many of the plans stress verticality as a means of maximizing space and light. While edible gardening can be an expensive undertaking, the book is full of ideas for using inexpensive materials in creative ways. The diversity of the plans is astonishing, even including one for those who want to also raise chickens. It comes with a warning about plants not to grow because they are toxic to chickens. Edible gardening in deer country is definitely a challenge but there are plans to make it possible. They do include fencing but evidently a double fence of five feet each is just as effective as one eight foot fence. The other big edible gardening challenge is shade and there are two plans for shade, one with a lovely checkerboard plan as well as some suggestions for maximizing the amount of light. For those who want to grow edibles in the front yard because it’s the only place with enough sun, the key is making the gardens attractive and inviting. A colorful, sunburst patterned design is edged with old fashioned (smelly) marigolds to deter rabbits which are one of the banes of edible gardeners. I only wish that there had been a photograph of this garden. That is the only fault I find with this book. The colored designs are attractive but photographs would make it easier for non-visual people to perceive the reality of such designs. The lack of photographs is mitigated somewhat by occasional sketches. Whether you’re designing a edible garden for a client or for yourself, this book is a treasure trove of ideas.
Groundbreaking Food Gardens: 73 Plans That Will Change the Way You Grow Your Garden
Horvath, Brent, The Plant Lover’s Guide to Sedums, Timber Press, Portland, 2014, $24.95.
Edible gardening is one of the hot trends in horticulture and landscape design but it is not as easy as one would think. Niki Jabbour, in Groundbreaking Food Gardens: 73 Plans That Will Change the Way You Grow Your Garden, has gathered designs from many professionals in the green industry but also calls on her own experience as a Canadian gardener who produces food for her family, even in winter. Before implementing any of these plans, the author has some tips for how to get the most out of these gardens and selecting which plants to grow.
12 The Buckeye
Chapman, Karen and Salwitz, Christina, Fine Foliage: Elegant Plant Combinations for Garden and Container, St.Lynn’s Press, Pittsburgh, 2013, $16.95.
Jabbour, Niki, Groundbreaking Food Gardens: 73 Plans That Will Change the Way You Grow Your Garden, Storey Publishing, 2014, $19.95. B
onla.org
Educational Update
Effects from Germination to Field The Long-term Effects of Successive Planting Depths from Germination to Container to Field for Survival and Growth of Two Oak Species with northern red oak. The northern red oak with deep/ Abstract deep planting experienced greater decline during the Remediation is the practice of removing excess first two years of field planting than the sawtooth oak. substrate on deep-grown container trees at transplant Growth, commonly the only measure reported in depth to expose the adventious root flare (= transition zone of planting studies, was improved for height and caliper between trunks and main structural roots). Research by planting seed deep followed by planting high in showing that remediation is actually required exists container and field. Although this finding concurs with for only a few species. Although widely accepted and other ISA and extension recommendations, the lower advocated, the practice of remediation with container survival rates achieved with this practice more than grown trees may actually be unnecessary or detrimental, negate any benefits in growth. The as these recommendations are impact of exposed root shank tissue not research based. With one of was detrimental for either species the only other studies, regarding versus deep/deep planting, and planting depth and landscape detrimental versus surface/surface establishment that started with seed, planting with northern red oak in major deviations from the original the 11.4 L container. This study root collar proved to be of greater indicates early variations in planting influence regarding landscape depths influence tree survival and establishment than up-shifting growth in container production practices at planting. If the original and subsequent field or landscape root collar was excessively above or transplanting. Deep planting in two below grade, growth was reduced. successive container planting phases In this study we investigated the improved survival dramatically for effects of planting depth during both hypogeal germinating species, two successive phases of container possibly by conditioning for deeper production (1.4 L to 11.4 L) and planting in the field. The benefit was eventual landscape establishment greatest for sawtooth oak which had using sawtooth oak (Quercus a 32% increase in overall survival acutissima Carruth.) and northern with deep/deep versus deep/high red oak (Q. rubra L.). Planting planting. The trade-off for increased depth at time of seeding (1.4 L survival with sawtooth oak was pot) profoundly impacted height a 29% height and 19% caliper and diameter growth in the 11.4 L reduction. pot and subsequent landscape for Fig. 1. Planting position of acorns, top of two Note: Because of space both species. Even more dramatic six inch pots or top of bottom six inch band pot. limitations only some of the final was the impact on tree survival results are shown for this 7 year at all stages of up-shift. Over all study. treatments, a significant number of sawtooth and northern red oak died during the course of seven years of study, Introduction and Objectives 35% and 23%, respectively survived. Survival, however, Planting depth of nursery and landscape trees has been was significantly increased for both species by planting debated since the 1980’s (Berrang et al., 1985). Nursery the seed deep followed by deep transplanting into 11.4 L field production can contribute to deep root systems containers. Deep/deep planting was the best treatment for (Watson, 2011). In the 60’s and 70’s, budded or grafted survival at each planting stage including final evaluation trees were commonly planted at the bud union (Carlson, in September, 2014. In fall 2014, with the deep/deep 1981) or to hide the bud union or crook resulting from planting treatment, 68% of the sawtooth oak and 50% of the cut back liner (Halcomb, 2003). Other artifacts of the northern red oak survived. The only major variance nursery production such as production in seed beds, between species reaction to planting treatment occurred please see page 14 onla.org
January / February 2015 13
B
Fig. 2. Pictures showing surface planted oaks and position of embryonic axes indicating original transition of epicotyl and radical.
continued from page 13
mechanical harvesting and severe root pruning (main root cut off 10 cm below ground level and laterals stubbed) can also promote deep planting. A “root shank” forms because roots regenerate from the cut end of the primary root leading to the formation of an “adventitious root flare” (Watson, 2011). Gilman et al. (2010) describes the “root shank” as an area of exposed (original) root tissue that results from tree seedling production practices. The normal lateral roots above the primary cut will typically atrophy (Watson, 2011). The recommend planting depth today is to this “artifact of production,” the adventious root flare, leaving the root shank exposed. The older practice of covering the “root shank” (that was root tissue originally) is today called planting too deep. The fate of this exposed “root shank” as it relates to environmental challenges like cold temperatures, mechanical crown injury and drought have not been properly investigated. Trees with deep structural roots are thought to be subject to oxygen deprivation (Johnson and Hauer, 2000) and the destructive effects of trunk girdling roots ((Day and Harris, 2008; Johnson and Hauer, 2000; Wells et al., 2006). Soil oxygen is most often related to the presence of water (Brady and Weil, 2002; Day and Bassuk, 1994) not depth. However, in a review of trees that actually suffered from being deeply planted, only 11 species (Day et al. 2009) of the more than 100 species planted in urban settings (Bassuk, 2010), showed adverse effects. In a few species such as maple, the ascent of roots to the more oxygen-available surface can cause roots to lose their normal outward radiating pattern and/or cause kinked roots (Johnson and Hauer, 2000). Roots that radiate toward the stem can later become stem girdling roots (SGR). SGR’s enlarge over time and, in combination with the normal enlargement of the buried stem, creates a compressed, weak point in the tree’s stem (Harris et al., 2004). There is a general decline in the remaining root system and movement of water and nutrients is impeded due to stem compression (Johnson and Hauer, 2000). Trees with SGR’s may suffer slow decline, severe dieback and cambial death following cold winters or periodic drought, die prematurely or fail suddenly in wind and ice storms. Nursery container production can also contribute to planting too deep. The smooth-walled, round containers commonly used in nursery production induce circling roots. Circling roots may become more pronounced
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with smaller container size. Many root problems persist from the smaller container through various up-shifts. Increasing the duration of the plant in the container pronounces encircling roots and amplifies lack of root growth into the soil following planting in the landscape (Warren and Blazich, 1991). Container-grown plants may also have abnormal buttress root development (descending roots) beginning when seedlings are grown in deep cells with narrow diameters (Zahreddine et al., 2004). These alterations in root morphology can predispose plants to drought stress and other problems in out-planting (NeSmith and Duval, 1998). Although container production can lead to root deformities, there are few studies that indicate deep planting in a container contributes to detrimental effects later when transplanted to the landscape. Despite lack of research, the International Society of Arboriculture (ISA, 2005) recommends removing excess substrate on deep-grown container trees at transplant so as to expose the adventious root flare (= transition zone between trunks and main structural roots). This practice is also recommended in many Cooperative Extension bulletins. Harris and Day (2010), however, indicates that the consequences of following these remediation recommendations, removing excess substrate and roots above root flares when transplanting container-grown trees to field soil, have not been fully researched. Remediation practices may be critical for species without abundant adventitious roots; however, for species such as pin oak where strong adventious root systems can assume the role of structural roots, remediation is not as critical (Harris and Day, 2010). According to Mityga and Lanpher (1971), a plant’s root system is considerably less cold hardy than its stem tissue under field conditions. We speculate that if a plant’s roots are exposed due to planting too high, the plant will more likely experience winter injury possibly leading to death. In this study, we created a “root shank,” not by cutting the primary root and establishing an “adventious root flare” (Gilman et al., 2010), but by exposing primary root tissue above the soil in the seedling stage. Although created by different means, the stem area we call “root shank” in our study meets the definition of Gilman et al. (2010) and Watson (2011). For this study, we used sawtooth oak (Quercus acutissima Carruth.) and northern red oak (Q. rubra onla.org
L.). The terms “red oak” (Section - Lobatae) and “white oak” (Section - Quercus) are often used to refer to these two taxonomic sections of oaks that are native to North America. Red oaks commonly have darker bark, and lobed leaves that come to a point, whereas the white oaks often have lighter colored bark and leaves with rounded lobes. Red oaks take two years to mature an acorn, white oaks produce acorns annually. Sawtooth oak is a biennial-fruiting oak that takes about 18 months to mature a seed (Borgardt and Nixon, 2003). Sawtooth oak (Section – Cerris) is not native to North America (Borgardt and Nixon, 2003). Sawtooth oak is native to China, Korea and Japan and has traits somewhat intermediate to red and white oak. The Sawtooth oak is now widely planted in eastern North America, for wildlife food as it produces large acorn crops and as a street and park tree. Escapes from cultivation at some sites have been reported leading to concern that in some areas it could be invasive. Sawtooth oak grows quickly, reaching heights of 40 to 50 feet (Bonner and Karrfalt, 2008; Gilman and Watson, 1994a). Its distinctive dark green leaves are oblong to lanceolate and have bristletipped teeth along the leaf margin. The leaves are reminiscent of American chestnut (Castanea dentata) (Gilman and Watson, 1994a). Northern red oak can reach 100 ft. in height (Bonner and Karrfalt, 2008). Northern red oak leaves have seven to nine-lobes largest lobes nearest the apex. The lobes terminate in long bristles and are oblong-ovate in shape. Sawtooth oak can produce seed as early as age five versus Quercus rubra at age 25 (Bonner and Karrfait, 2008). Root regeneration in landscapes is predominantly adventitious (Arnold and Struve, 1993). Although oaks including and sawtooth and northern red are coarse rooted (Arnold and Struve, 1993), there are no intact root tips at the time of transplanting (Larson and Whitmore, 1970a, 1970b) and adventious rooting predominates. Both have similar soil preferences of well-drained, slightly alkaline to acidic soils (Gilman and Watson, 1994a,b); however, of the two, Quercus rubra is more adaptive, widely planted and known to have more problems with surface rooting (Gilman and Watson, 1994b). Oak (Quercus sp.), walnut (Juglans sp.), Kentucky coffee tree (Gymnocladus sp.), Horse Chestnuts (Aesculus sp.), Pecan and hickory (Carya sp.) and Pawpaw (Asimina sp.) all show hypogeal germination. With hypogeous germination, the cotyledons never emerge from the seed covering (nut). The hypocotyl fails to elongate or is very short and the epicotyl is the first structure to emerge above ground. The
Fig. 3. Four planting depth treatments imposed with Quercus rubra (Northern red oak) and Quercus acutissima (Sawtooth oak) in 11.4 L nursery containers: 1) seed at soil surface/planted correctly (top left); 2) seed at soil surface/planted high five inches of root shank exposed (bottom left); 3) seed deep/planted deep (top right); and 4) seed deep/ planted high five inches of root shank exposed (bottom right) at OSU, Columbus, OH May 13, 2009.
cotyledons elongate at its base and pushes the embryo axis from the seed (Esau, 1965). After this, all elongation occurs in the root and epicotyl. The epicotyl breaks through the cotyledonary sheath and rises above the ground but the cotyledons remain embedded in the endosperm (Esau, 1965). The cotyledons with hypogeal germination serve as the major food reserve for the seedling. True leaves do not expand until held above the soil by the elongated epicotyl. This type of germination reduces the incidence of mechanical damage during emergence. The epicotyl forms a succession of scales and axillary buds and the hypocotyl produces a short branched rhizome. In nature hypogeal germinating species are reported to be surface or shallowly planted; however, seed may be buried to six inches deep. The seed of Northern red oak is slightly smaller (96/lb) (average 0.75 in by 0.75 in) than the Sawtooth (88/lb) (average 1.0 in X 0.75 in). Generally, based on acorn size, sawtooth oak would be planted deeper in the nursery than northern red oak. We hypothesize that the ability to handle deep planting for hypogeal germinating species may relate to adaptive conditioning in the seedling stage. In Day et al.’s (2009) review of species where deep planting caused negative effects, seven of the eleven
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Table 1. Percent survival of Quercus acutissima (sawtooth oak) and Quercus rubra (northern red oak) acorns collected Columbus, OH in autumn 2007, planted in 1.4 L pots Spring 2008 at two depths and subsequently divided into four planting depths when up-shifted to 11.4 L containers in Spring 2009. In April 2010, surviving plants of the four treatments were planted according to depth in 11.4 L containers into a landscape setting (Ohio State University, Waterman Farm, Columbus, OH).
Species
Depth of planting treatment
Quercus acutissima (Sawtooth oak) Quercus rubra (Northern red oak)
1. Surface/ surface 2. Surface/high 3. Deep/deep 4. Deep/high 1. Surface/ surface 2. Surface/high 3. Deep/deep 4. Deep/high
No. of band pots planted Spring 08 50
% Survival 2008-09 in 1.4 L pots
% Survival 2009-10 in 11.4L pots
% Survival 2010-12 in field
% Survival 2012-14 in field
% Survival 2009-14 over all events
94%
42%
80%
75%
25%
26 80 44 67
50 85 82 25
100 100 100 100
13% 68% 36% 17%
57 90 70
50 55 71
75 100 80
21% 50% 40%
50
100%
50
52%
50
68%
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species were hypogeal germinators. If an epigeal germinating species is planted deep, the hypocotyl needs to emerge through several layers of soil, not the epicotyl as with hypogeal. The epicotyl forms all plant parts above the first node or the stem and the hypocotyl forms the lower stem and roots (Parker, 2004). The epicotyl grows upward out of the soil to form stems and leaves while the lower portion of the hypocotyl grows deeper into the soil forming roots (Parker, 2004). The epicotyl responds negatively to gravity and grows away; whereas, the hypocotyl grows toward a gravitational attraction (Parker, 2004). Since the epicotyl becomes stem tissue, deep planting in the germination stage may adaptively condition hypogeal germinating species to have greater tolerance of deep planting later in production and transplanting to the landscape. Hypogeous germinating species may be able to produce adventious rooting from stem tissue more readily if they are preconditioned in the seedling stage. Most previous investigations of planting depth impacts with trees have started with 11.4 L container liners (Gilman and Harchick, 2008; Harris and Day, 2010), field-grown bare root nursery stock grown in beds (Giblin et al., 2011), or branched or unbranched whips (Giblin et al., 2011). Even in one of the two previous studies examining planting depth on container grown trees, the starting materials investigated were established field liners of 4.6 to 8 ft. in height and 0.4 to 0.9 in caliper, depending on species (Fare et al., 2005). Bryan et al., (2010) working with lacebark elm, is the only study to investigate planting depth of
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container grown trees starting from seed. Bryan et al., (2010) investigated an epigeal germinating species. Day et al. (2009) suggests that “variations in production techniques early on may influence structural root depth.” This suggestion was based on a survey by Rathjens et al. (2008) of Ohio nurseries. In our literature search, our study is the first to start with a hypogeal germinating species, seeded at different depths to determine subsequent survival and growth at various container upshift depths and later in landscape transplant survival and growth. Our study also investigates survival rates over a longer period of seven years. Objectives To evaluate the depth of seed planting of sawtooth and northern red oak on survival in 1.4 L pots; To test the effects of seed planted deep or at surface of sawtooth and northern red oak and then planted deep or high in 11.4 L containers on survival and caliper and height growth; To test the effects of seed planted deep or at surface of sawtooth and northern red oak and then planted deep or high in 11.4 L containers and then field planted at the same depths as in the containers on survival and caliper and height growth. To determine the influence of exposed root tissue or “root shank” tissue on survival and growth in 11.4 L containers after four years in the field. Materials and Methods Quercus acutissima (sawtooth oak) and Quercus rubra onla.org
(northern red oak) acorns and were collected locally (Columbus, OH) in autumn 2007. The acorns were placed in water for one hour and the floating (damaged) acorns were removed. The seeds that sank were drained and placed in unsealed plastic storage bags in a 3-5 °C cooler (Bally Case and Cooler, Bally, PA) at Ohio State University (OSU) for 10-weeks of cold stratification. On January 16, 2008, two Anderson Cross Bottom Band Pots 3 5/8” X 6” (0.7 L each X 2 = 1.4 L) (Anderson Pots, Anderson Die & Manufacturing, Portland, Oregon) were placed together with the top pot having its bottom removed and filled with soil-less substrate (510 MetroMix, O.M. Scott and Sons Co., Marysville, OH). The Anderson pots were chosen for their built-in stacking ribs, designed to inhibit root swirling and square band corners to promote better root growth than round pots. The open cross-bottoms also air prune any roots growing out the bottom of the containers. Oak epicotyls usually do not emerge at 2 to 5 ºC, but the radicles appear readily. This condition, is commonly called pre-sprouting (Bonner, 1974). Fifty pre-sprouted acorns (etiolated radicles 0.25 in to 0.5 in) were laid on the soil surface (surface) of two band pots joined together and fifty were laid on the surface of the bottom pot with another six in band pot with substrate covering these (deep) (Fig. 1). The pots were watered and returned to the cooler to complete germination. The flats were removed from the cooler on February 11, 2008 and placed on greenhouse benches at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH. Greenhouse conditions were: natural photoperiods, 21/18oC (± 6oC) D/N temperature, water temperature averaged 18 °C (± 4oC) and relative humidity averaged 33% (± 3.8%). Starting March 28, 2008, plants were fertilized once per week with 21N-3.1P-5.9K (21-7-7) Peter’s water-soluble fertilizer (O.M. Scott and Sons Co., Marysville, OH) at a rate of 100 mg·L nitrogen, using a fertilizer injector (Dosatron, Clearwater, FL). Plants remained in the greenhouse until May, 2008 and were then moved to a four mil clearpolyethylene film Quonset-style greenhouse or polyhouse used for propagation. The plants remained on benches in this polyhouse through winter with minimum heat (28ºF) -2.2ºC to ensure the root system did not freeze solid. Fertilizer applications continued in the polyhouse as in the greenhouse until late September, 2008 when fertilization ceased. Watering was conducted throughout production by overhead irrigation on a daily basis until mid-September when watering was reduced to as required and ceased in mid-November, 2008. On 13 May, 2009 all the surviving plants were transplanted into 11.4 L (11.4 L classic Spinout® treated containers) (Nursery Supplies, Inc., Fairless Hills, PA), filled with a 60% pine bark, 25% peat moss, 7% composed sludge (composed municipal sewage sludge) Comtil®, 7% haydite and 1% sand substrate. From the original two planting depths of seed (soil surface) (Fig. 2) or (6 in deep) four treatments were imposed in the 11.4 L containers: 1) seeds at soil surface/planted correctly; 2) seeds at soil surface/planted high 5 “ exposed root shank; onla.org
3) seeds deep/planted deep; and 4) seed deep/planted high 5 “ exposed root shank (Fig. 3). Following transplanting, plants were moved to a retractable roof greenhouse (RRG) (Cravo, Brantford, ON) and placed on a trellis system. The trellis system used two 3.5 m long, 10 cm square wood posts, set 1.5 m in the ground. A board was mounted between the posts, and four high tensile wires, 80 cm apart, were attached. Within a row, pots were placed on 30 cm centers. Because of the varied survival rates in the band pots there was 24, 23, 25 and 25 replications for Sawtooth oak and 24, 14, 24 and 10 Northern red oak replications per treatment 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively in the 11.4 L containers. Plants were blocked by species with a completely randomized design within species. All plants were trained to 2 m tall bamboo stakes (A.M. Leonard, Inc., Piqua, OH), attached to the wire. A nine-month formulation of a controlled release fertilizer (CRF) 20N-2.2P-6.6K (20-5-8 Osmocote®, O.M. Scott and Sons Co., Marysville, OH) was surface-applied on 16 May at 45 g per pot. Irrigation was applied at 1.14 L day-1 (applied during two 30 minute periods day-1 via in-line emitters [600 Series Rainbird Dripline, Rainbird Irrigation, Azusa, CA]). Plants were grown throughout the summer and overwintered in the Cravo RRG in the 3 gallon pots. On April 21, 2010, surviving 11.4 L container plants were transplanted planted in a completely randomized designed with 1.54 meters between plants and 3.048
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Number sawtooth oak alive/ stage
26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
17
9 6 3
Spr 'O8 to band Surface/surface
Spr '09 to #3
Spr '10 to field
Surface/high
Fall 12 measured Fall 14 measured Deep/deep
Deep/high
Number of red oak alive/ stage
Fig. 4. Number of surviving Quercus acutissima (Sawtooth oak) at the time of five various planting and evaluation events. Lines represent four planting depth treatments assigned in spring 2008 at Ohio State University, Columbus, OH. Plants were planted in band pots in 2008 to 11.4 L containers in spring 2009 and to field in spring 2010. 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
12
4 4 3
Spr 'O8 to band Surface/surface
Spr '09 to #3 Spr '10 to field Surface/high
Fall 12 measured Deep/deep
Fall 14 measured Deep/high
Fig. 5. Number of surviving Quercus rubra (northern red oak) at the time of five various planting and evaluation events. Lines represent four planting depth treatments assigned in spring 2008 at Ohio State University, Columbus, OH. Plants were planted in band pots in 2008 to 11.4 L containers in spring 2009 and to field in spring 2010. [VALUE] a
[VALUE] b
Height (cm)
300 280 260 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100
[VALUE] b [VALUE] b [VALUE] a [VALUE] b
[VALUE] b
[VALUE] b
Surface/surface
Surface/high
Quercus acutissima
Deep/deep
Deep/high
Quercus rubra
Fig. 6. Height growth measured in September 2014 for Quercus acutissima (Sawtooth oak) and Quercus rubra (Northern red oak) planted according to four depths ascribed at germination in band pots and subsequently into 11.4 L containers and field.
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Caliper (mm)
55 52 49 46 43 40 37 34 31 28 25 22 19 16 13 10
[VALUE]a [VALUE]b [VALUE]b
[VALUE]b
[VALUE]a [VALUE]ab [VALUE]c Surface/surface
[VALUE]bc
Surface/high
Quercus acutissima
Deep/deep
Deep/high
Quercus rubra
Fig. 7. Caliper growth measured in September 2014 for Quercus acutissima (Sawtooth oak) and Quercus rubra (Northern red oak) planted according to four depths ascribed at germination in band pots and subsequently into 11.4 L containers and field. continued from page 17
meters between rows. Plants were planted in the field at the same depths that were imposed in the containers (Fig. 2), i.e., soil line to soil line at The Ohio State University’s Waterman Farm (Columbus, OH). Following planting there were four days of rain, 4.47 cm total, so no irrigation was required in this period. Irrigation was applied throughout the summer of 2010, on an as needed basis based and rainfall observations. Grass seed was broadcast at a rate of 60 lb/ac between rows on April 22, 2010 using a of: creeping red fescue 48.73%, perennial rye grass 14.74%, chewings fescue 19.8%, and Kentucky bluegrass 14.55%. Fertilizer was applied at a rate of 200 lb/ac around the trees in a 0.9144 m x 0.9144 m area with controlled release fertilizer (CRF) 33-3-6 Osmocote®, O.M. Scott and Sons Co., Marysville, OH on April 22, 2010. Trees were staked in the field to promote growth. A soil analysis was performed on April 28, 2010 with an analysis of pH of 7.2, LTI of 70, P 66 ppm, K 352 ppm, Ca 3227 ppm, Mg 606 ppm, and a CEC of 22.1. Weed control included two spot applications of glyphosate on May 5 and June 7, 2010 at a 5% solution, ensuring no contact with the plants. Tillage was performed on July 6, August 6, and September 30, 2010 with a 5 HP front-tine tiller. Mowing was performed on an as needed basis throughout the growing season of 2010 and each subsequent year. The trees were planted in 3 rows and mulched with wood chips within rows in 2011 to conserve soil moisture and control weeds. The mulch was kept back 4-6” around crowns as recommended by Rose and Smith (1996). Fertilizer was applied each subsequent year at a rate of 3#/ 1000 sq. ft. to surviving trees. Results and Discussion The four planting depth treatments were predetermined at time of acorn placement in 1.4 L pots to reduce bias at upshift to 11.4 L containers. Of the surface planted sawtooth oak three had died during the growing season and winter, leaving 47 of the 50 original planted or 94% survival (Table 1). Of the deep planted sawtooth
oak none had died or 100% survival (Table 1). Of the surface planted northern red oak 12 had died during the growing season and winter, leaving 38 of the 50 original planted or 52% survival (Table 1). Of the deep planted northern red oak 16 had died, leaving 34 of 50 or 68% survival (Table 1). For both species, survival was significantly increased by planting the seed deep followed by deeply transplanting into 11.4 L containers. The only divergence by species in survival with the deep/deep treatment occurred with northern red oak in the first two years in the field, with lower survival versus sawtooth during this period. However, deep/deep remained the best treatment for survival, for both species, at each planting stage including final evaluation in September, 20104. In fall 2014, 68% of the sawtooth and 50% of the northern red oak and survived following the deep/deep planting (Table 1). The greatest number of deaths occurred for Quercus acutissima following their up-shift to 11.4 L containers from the 1.4 L band pots in three of four treatments (Fig. 4). The exception was with the deep/deep planting treatment (Fig. 4). With this treatment death of Sawtooth oak was more gradual, fitting a slope of 2.4 oaks lost per planting or measured event (equation of the line not shown). The majority of death in the surface/surface, surface/high and deep/high treatments was attributed to lack of cold hardiness during the winter of 2009-10 in the 11.4 L containers. Sawtooth oak had the lowest survival with the surface/high planting treatment (Fig. 4) with only 13% of the original planting surviving in 2014 (Table 1). Although this treatment was not statistically different than the surface/surface or deep/high with sawtooth oak. For Quercus rubra the greatest number of deaths occurred in the 1.4 L band pots planted surface (52%) or deep (68%) (Table 1). For northern red oak, the surface/ surface treatment was significantly different from the surface/high or deep/high when up-shifted from 1.4 L to 11.4 L containers (Fig. 5). Greater survival occurred please see page 20
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with the surface/surface treatment in the 11.4 L container and significantly less survival after the first two years in the field (Fig. 5). The impact of exposed root shank tissue was detrimental for either species versus deep/deep planting (Fig. 4 and 5), and detrimental versus surface/ surface planting for survival (Fig. 5) of northern red oak in 11.4 L containers. Height and caliper growth for both species were significantly impacted by planting treatment; however, the best treatment for growth evaluations was different than for survival. Generally, only growth is presented in studies of planting depth. Our study concurs with the accepted recommendations of planting high (i.e. with exposed root shank tissue) to improved height (Fig. 6) and caliper (Fig. 7) in the 11.4 L container to field. However, this was only if the seed was originally planted deep for both red and sawtooth oak. There were no significant difference in height (Fig. 6) between the other three planting treatments or for caliper (Fig. 7). Although growth is improved by planting seed deep and then high in the 11.4 L container, the lack of survival achieved, does not justify this practice with these two oak species. Conclusions For both red and sawtooth oak there seems to be a benefit to planting seed deep for survival and growth. Based on growth only, our results would concur with the ISA, (2005) and many Cooperative Extension bulletins that recommend exposing the adventious root flare when planting container materials to field. However, because of the few studies on which these recommendation are actually based and the short duration of such studies, the implications on survival have not been reported. Our study indicates, the lower survival achieved with planting high negates any benefits in growth. The impact of exposed root shank tissue was detrimental to survival of either species versus deep/deep planting and it was detrimental versus surface/surface planting with northern red oak in the 11.4 L container. This study indicates early variations in planting depths influence tree survival and growth in container production and subsequent field or landscape transplanting. Deep planting in two successive container planting phases, improved survival dramatically for both hypogeal germinating species, possibly by conditioning. The benefit was greatest for sawtooth oak which had a 32% increase in overall survival with deep/deep versus deep/high planting. The trade-off for increased survival was 29% height and 19% caliper reduction for sawtooth. For Northern red oak there was only a 10% increase in overall survival with deep/deep versus deep/high planting and a trade-off for increased survival of 19% height and 17% caliper reduction. Oak is a very difficult genera to transplant, any practice that increases survival (even 10%) is welcome in the nursery and landscape industries. H.M. Mathers1 and K.M. Daniel2 1Professor, Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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43210. 2Former graduate student, Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210. Literature Cited Arnold, M.A. and D.K. Struve. 1993. Root distribution and mineral uptake of coarse-root trees grown in cupric hydroxide-treated containers. HortScience 28: 988-992. Bassuk, N.L. 1990. Street tree diversity: Making better choices for the urban landscape In: Proceedings of the 7th METRIA Conference, Lisle, IL. Berrang, P., D.F. Karnosky and B.J. Staton. 1985. Environmental factors affecting tree health in New York City. Journal of Arboriculture 11:185-189. Bonner, F. T. 1974. Maturation of acorns of cherry bark, water, and willow oaks. Forest Science. 20: 238 242. F.T. Bonner and R.P. Karrfalt 2008. The woody plant seed manual. United States. Forest Service. Agriculture handbook 727. Pp. 1223. S. J. Borgardt and K. C. Nixon. 2003. A Comparative flower and fruit anatomical study of Quercus acutissima, a biennial-fruiting oak from the Cerris group (Fagaceae). American Journal of Botany 90(11): 1567–1584. Brady, N.C., R.R. Weil. 2002. The nature and properties of soils (Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ). Bryan, D.L., M.A. Arnold, A. Volder, T.W. Watson, L. Lombardini, J.J. Sloan, L.A. Valdez-Aguilar, A.D. Cartmill. 2010. Planting depth during container production and landscape establishment affects growth of Ulmus parvifolia. HortScience 45:54–60. Carlson, R.G. 1981. Apple rootstocks, recommendation and the International Dwarf Fruit Tree Association. Virginia Fruit LXIX (3):55-58. Day, S.D., N.L. Bassuk. 1994. Effects of soil compaction and amelioration treatments on landscape trees. J. Arboric. 20:9–17. Day, S.D., J.R. Harris. 2008. Growth, survival, and root system morphology of deeply planted Corylus colurna seven years after transplanting and the effects of root collar excavation. Urb. For. Green. 7:119–128. Day, S.D., G. Watson, P.E. Wiseman, J.R. Harris. 2009. Causes and consequences of deep structural roots in urban trees: From nursery production to landscape establishment. Arboric. Urb. For. 25:182–189. Esau, K. 1965. Plant anatomy. Wiley, New York, New York US.767 pp. Fare, D.C. 2005. Should potting depth be a concern with container crown trees? In Proc. of Trees and Planting: Getting it Right. Ed. G. Watson. http://actrees.org/files/ Research/mortonarb_getting_roots_right.pdf. pp 25–28. Giblin, C.P., H.J. Gillman, G.R. Johnson, D. Hanson, and P. J. Weicherding. 2011. The effects of planting depth on windthrow, stability, and growth for four tree species in containers. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 2011. 37: 247–253 onla.org
Gilman, E.F. and D.G. Watson. 1994a. Quercus acutissima: Sawtooth oak. Factsheet #ENH-698. Florida cooperative extension program.
Johnson, G.R. and R. Hauer. 2000. Deep root systems affect long term tree health and stem girdling roots. Minnesota Nursery and Landscape News 24(5): 18-21.
Gilman, E.F. and D.G. Watson. 1994b. Quercus rubra Northern Red Oak. Factsheet ST-560. Florida cooperative extension program.
Mityga, H.G. and F.O. Lanphear. 1971. Factors influencing the cold hardiness of Taxus cuspidata roots. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 96:83-86.
Gilman, E.F. and C. Harchick. 2008. Planting depth in containers affects root form and tree quality. J. Environ. Hort. 26:129–134.
NeSmith, D.S. and J.D. Duval. 1998. The effects of container size. HortTechnology 8:495-498.
Gilman, E.F., C. Harchick, and M. Paz. 2010. Planting depth affects root form of three shade tree cultivars in containers. Arboric. Urb. For. 36:132– 139. Halcomb, M. 2003. Nursery Field Production. 19 Oct. 2004. Http://www.utextension.utk.edu/hbin Harris, J.R. and S.D. Day. 2010. Planting depth at onset of container production and subsequent root ball remediation at transplanting affects pin oak and little leaf linden. HortScience 45:1793-1797. Harris, R.W., J.R. Clark, and N.P. Matheny. 2004. Arboriculture: Integrated management of landscape trees, shrubs, and vines. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. 578 pp. ISA. 2005. New tree planting. 2010. http://www. treesaregood.org/treecare/tree_planting.aspx. p. 1–3.
Warren, S.L. and F.A. Blazich. 1991. Influence of container design on root circling, top growth, and posttransplant root growth of selected landscape species. J. Environ. Hort. 9:141-144. Watson, G. 2011. Fifteen years of urban tree planting and establishment research. ICF Urban Trees Research Conference, 13-14. April 2011. Wells, C., K. Townsend, J. Caldwell, D. Ham, E.T. Smiley, and M. Sherwood. 2006. Effects of planting depth on landscape tree survival and girdling root formation. Arboric. Urb. For. 32:305–311. Wittwer, R., C.J. Barden and S. Anderson. 2000. Growing oak trees from seed. Oklahoma State University Extension publication NREM-5031. Pp. 7. Zahreddine, H.G., Struve and M. Quigley. 2004. Growing Pinus nigra seedlings in SpinoutTM-treated containers reduces root malformation and increases regrowth potential. J. Environ. Hort. 22:176-182. B
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Landscapers’ Viewpoint
Subdivision entrance with roads and swales
Is It Time for 3D Design? I remember many times walking into a contractors office and see them slaving away at a large 2D color rendering. Taking the time to meticulously color every plant and render every piece of stone and try to show how beautiful the space can truly be. Some of these designs I saw could be hung up in an art gallery for how beautiful they were. And yes they take hours and hours to do as many of us know. Now the tough question I have for you, is this the best sales tool to sell your projects moving forward? Whether we want to believe it or not, landscape design has entered into a new age. Some of you may say you do just fine selling with your 2D designs whether it is hand drawn or a Cad drawing. The truth is you are not only missing out on sales but missing out on the opportunity that was there with jobs that you did sell. 3D design is something that many of us are very afraid of and feel it will take way too much time to learn and or train your design staff or it will be something that you cannot currently afford to purchase. I can relate to many of you, and time is always hard to come by and yes I know all the excuses, I have to get ready for winter, I have to plow, I am tired and have to fix my equipment, and there is just too many other important things that have to get done. Funny thing is, learning and having the ability to do a 3D rendering and design for your client is one of the most important things you can be doing for your business. Not only are your customers going to require this but the majority of your competition will be offering this service in the 2015 season. I am not trying to scare you into 3D design, but just to
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make sure everyone is clear that it is crucial to growing and sustaining a healthy business moving forward. So what are some of the benefits of using 3D design? Once you get familiar with the program you choose you will find that the whole design process, down to the close is much more efficient and quicker. How does 3D design achieve this? First, it allows you to do the revisions much faster. A lot of the time they can be done right then and there at the appointment. It also allows you to show multiple viewpoints and designs at once without much added time. Second, it allows you to upsell with a far greater ease. Above I mentioned without using 3D design you are losing out on the potential opportunity that was there with jobs you did sell. What I mean by this is using 3D design you are able to show people exactly what they want plus a little more. In not having to hand draw multiple different designs, 3D allows you to show all the components, whether it is a fireplace, kitchen area, fountain, or just some seat walls and an elaborate planting area. You can easily show the wants as well as the needs and let the owner decide what they can afford. 3D design allows your customers to truly see what their space is going to look like. This is game changing, compared to trying to explain a 2D image that only we understand what it will look like. We all know the vast majority of our customers do not have a clue what all the lines mean on a 2D design. So adding 3D design to your toolbox will not only save you time, but increase your closure rate and allow you to upsell more projects. I feel this is a great investment of time and of course a little onla.org
Captions: (top left) Large elaborate landscape and drive design; (top right) Commercial apartment hardscape design; (bottom left) Large terrain changes, elaborate design; (bottom right) Realistic water and elaborate multi-tiered design.
money. Since time is one of the things most precious to us, I have done a little research and some trial and error for some of the programs that are out there. The programs I have looked at or had experience using range in price from $379.00 - $2,500.00 and some with annual fees upwards of $300.00. So how should you choose the program that is best for your company? Look at the three C’s; Capability, Cost, and learning curve. See which programs have training and support that fit your need. Also look at cost if you have more than 1 computer. Normally there will be a licensing fee for multiple devices. Some of the programs I have looked at over the years and some I have used are the following; Dynascapes, Earthscapes, Pro-Contractor, Pro-Landscape, Realtime Landscape Architect, Vector Works and Google Sketch up. Again these are just a few that are out there. There are many more and some that may fit your business better than the ones listed. I am just trying to provide a starting point for you. The program that I personally have had the most success with and the one that I have used the most is Realtime landscape please see page 24 onla.org
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creator architect by Idea Spectrum, cost $375.00 through Unilock and $399.00 from Idea Spectrum. This program allows you to build elaborate softscapes and incredible hardscapes. It also has easy pool, deck, and water garden creation tools as well as animated characters and high resolution images. And yes you can feed the fish in the ponds you create. The program is very easy to learn and use. Traditionally takes a week to get fluent. They also have great customer service and many online tutorials. Again if you look at the 3 C’s for this program, for me and many others it fits with flying colors. There is also no annual out of pocket cost and the ROI is one sold project. The 2015 season is closing in very fast and we all need to make sure we are ahead of the curve and set our businesses up for continue success in the years to come. Get thinking now on implementing 3D design for your business. A great starting point will be attending my class at the CENTS University this year in Columbus. Again, I wish you all continued success and look forward to a great 2015 season. B Tim Edick Territory Manager Unilock Tim.Edick@unilock.com
Captions: Day (top) and night (bottom) of landscape design
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Look to the Future
Getting Youth Involved In the Outdoors Come Alive Outside, founded by Mr. Jim Pauluch is a program that inspires private companies to join with public organizations in order to help live healthier lives outdoors. It was founded in 2010 to inspire professional landscape companies to share their expertise and take a more direct role in connecting children with nature. There are so many things to enjoy outdoors and one way to perpetuate ownership of our environment is to explore what horticulture and the outdoor landscape has to offer. By playing a more essential role in our communities, linking “Come Alive Outside” we can expand our understanding of how public health and wellness can be better realized. There is an opportunity to get on board with the new concept called “Come Alive Outside.” It’s all about getting informed and sharing your horticulture expertise with others. Helping share your experiences and joining forces with other stakeholders in bringing horticulture activities both educationally and hands on to life. A great example is how third graders (Sangre Ridge Project) gave a guided tour of their outdoor nature trail to landscape architecture students from Oklahoma State University. The nature trail includes a cedar forest, deciduous forest, open fields, pond and wetland areas. The clients were the third graders, the designers were the college students and a great partnership evolved. From the children’s ideas and sketches an understanding of their visions began to take shape but the vehicle to reality was partly the responsibility of the landscape architecture students and their expertise in landscape design. The Sangre Ridge experience is just one example of the “Come Alive Outside” challenge. Final designs encouraged both active and passive play so all types of children and users could enjoy the trails. Active play and interaction is accomplished through design elements such as sitting, observing, laying, etc. The hope is that the environment will engage the users both physically and mentally. The trail is not only to function as a play area but as an outdoor classroom as well. “The interaction between humans and nature is not as strong as it once was with previous generations. Come Alive Outside is a project to bring this interaction closer together while providing education for kids through place associated learning.” onla.org
I encourage all of you in the green industry both private and public entities to explore this new found approach and join the “Come Alive Outside” movement. Check out the web link www.bringingbackoutdoorplay. com/come-alive-outside.html and explore how you can be a part of this great venture with the youth of America. B Maurice Peoples Kent State University Horticulture Facilities Coordinator Stan Jones Kent State University Horticulture Faculty
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Feature
Observations From The Winter of 2014
If there is one thing that is predictable about winters in Ohio, it is that they are very unpredictable. Last year was definitely one of those years. Winter 2013-2014 was one of the coldest on record in parts of the Midwest. This combined with extreme temperature fluctuations and an April freeze sure took a toll on a wide range of species. A double whammy was the extended period of snow cover which caused some animals, especially deer, rabbits and mice to forage, more than usual, on trees and shrubs.
Adam McClanahan, Carlton Plants, LLC “In my travels across the state, I observed everything from tip die back to bark splitting to complete loss. I will say that there were pockets of widespread damage as well as areas that seemed to have significantly less. Not surprisingly, Acer palmatum, Prunus serrulata and Cornus kousa and some florida varieties seemed to be hit hard if not protected as well as any ‘marginally hardy’ species. However it was not only the plants that we push the zone on that fell victim to this winter. In central Ohio I witnessed a whole block of 2” Green Vase and Village Green Zelkova that were completely dead but next to them was a row of Musashino that came through just fine and looked fantastic. There was trunk splitting on Acer rubrums, Malus, Magnolia, Liriodendron, Nyssa and a handful of Prunus varities. Again, not all but some varieities of Buxus, Ilex, Rhododendron, Hydrangeas, Hypericum, and Chamaecyparis suffered as well from both cold and wind burn. Some blocks were complete losses while others had scattered damage throughout. As many of us saw, Knockouts were knocked out across the state, especially in the landscape and had to be cut back hard (although now, many look much better than before). Other issues were frozen buds on plants like Chaenomeles, Forsythia and Syringa. Plants are resilient and want to survive and although I wasn’t shocked to see damage in many areas, I was surprised to see how many came through unscathed or bounced back after a pruning and a little time. If the early months of this winter are an indicator of what’s to come, I guess it will be business as usual for Ohio growers…. expect the unexpected!”
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Mark Shelton, Willoway Nurseries
“The weather in the winter of 2013-2014 was a painful opportunity to learn about the cold hardiness of plant material. This was also an opportunity to see which plants survived the conditions Mother Nature battered us with. In Huron, Ohio we had low temperatures of minus 13 several mornings. We had moderate snow cover and had severe high winds multiple times. At the Huron location we grow the evergreens and some deciduous so I will be referring to the effects on products we grow. We produce field and container product. I will list them as severe damage and moderate damage. I would like to caution that just because we had damage with these plants that we should not stop producing them. In some instances we have grown species that were borderline hardiness in our zone. The severe damaged plants were not salable and had a high mortality rate. First we will look at field produced problems. Cornus con. June Snow had bark splits on the main trunk and branches. This variety grows extremely fast and did not do well. We even had reflective tree guards on this group and still suffered damage. Cornus x Venus also had bark splits and branch splits on about 50% of the crop. Chamaecyparis sullivan were wind burned and lost a large portion of the crop. Thuja koraeinsis we had bark splits and had a 60% mortality rate. This species is borderline hardiness in our zone. In container we had severe damage in Buxus Huron, these were wind burned and had a high mortality rate. I would like to mention that we lost a fair amount of Ilex meservae and Ilex crenata some of this was due to failure of the storage structures. The moderately damaged plants needed some trimming and time to flush out. In the field the Chamaecyparis obtusa, Chamaecyparis filicoides and Pinus strobus pendula, Thuja can can, Thuja excelsa all suffered wind burn damage. In containers we had Cotinus, Cryptomeria, Magnolias, Picea glauca conica, Taxus caps, Viburnum and wiegela. Most of these species needed a flush to be salable. The winter of 2013- 2014 caused a significant amount of stress on almost all plants in the nursery. All the varieties of dogwoods we grow did not leaf out normally. They onla.org
looked good by mid-summer. Most of the winter burned foliage on the evergreens was looking better as the plants flushed out. In my opinion we are not done seeing the effects of this past winter. We need to be on top of all the factors we can control to minimize plant stress.”
Vic Swanson, Arcola Creek Nursery “Northeast Ohio, like many areas of the Great Lakes region experienced one of the harshest winters in many years. At Arcola Creek Nursery in Madison, plant damage was significant in certain species for a variety of reasons and scenarios. We believe problems actually began during the spring of 2013 with excessive rainfall that continued into the summer months. Planting during the spring of 2013 was difficult as “soggy” field conditions prevented proper preparation of fields and timely planting. In some instances, we believe newly planted liners were unable to produce adequate new roots in order to become well established. Consequently, those same plants entered the winter of 20132014 in an already “stressed” condition. The harsh elements of the winter of 2014 gave us some extremely cold temps over an extended period with little snow cover for insulation. Winter of 2014 showed many similar conditions and traits to the winter of 1994 when northeast Ohio experienced the coldest day on record (-25° F. actual temperature) and nurseries suffered a great amount of damage to stock as well. We observed and learned about the true hardiness of varieties of Hamamelis x intermedia, Cornus kousa, Buxus, Ilex meserveae, and Viburnum. Damage to these particular plant varieties was significant in both winters. Location of plant material within the nursery played a major role in the severity of damage. Plants growing in areas of heavier loamy soil seemed to suffer more than the same plant material situated on drier sandy loam soils. The drier conditions seemed to allow the plants to “harden off” and better prepare the tissues for the oncoming winter season. Mother Nature always seems to throw us a curve ball that makes no sense at all! In the past, items such as Franklinia, Halesia, and Yellow-flowering Magnolia species have shown damage in mild winters. Not the case in 2014 as these came through unscathed! It is no wonder that Nurserymen (or farmers in general) are a humble group of folks. We can’t seem to figure it out!!!”
shurbs (viburnum, spirea, juniper, thuja, etc.) we put in single layer poly houses. Even with this method, there were staggering losses in the pyracantha, Manhatten euonymous, evergreen holly, nandina, hypericum and sempervirens boxwood. There was also significant death and die back in all of the roses. Trunk splits on vicary privet, witchhazel, magnolias, crabs and some maples caused death or made them unsalable. In perennials, we lost a lot of plants, especially on the north end and northwest sides of the poly houses and even had major losses in some of the heated houses. In our fields, plants were slow breaking but thanks to a cool, wet spring most of them eventually came through fine. We decided to not dig taxus out of the field because of color but they were salable later in the year after flush. Then came the late spring freeze that fried all the buddleia and most of the caryopteris. Other plants like pink flowering cherries and mop head hydrangeas that were just leafing were also hurt. All and all, it was a pretty bad winter/spring combo for our overwintered stock. If there is a silver lining to this story, it is that sales have been good for the year and growth in field stock has been great. We seem to be on an upswing in the industry and we are looking forward to spring with hopes that Mother Nature is a little less harsh this winter.” B
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Abby Shroyer, Siebenthaler Nursery “At Siebenthaler Nursery in Dayton, Ohio, the winter of 2014 took its toll. In my 38 years in the industry, I have seen some bad winters and springs but last year was, by far, the worst. The amount of plant material we lost was extreme. We over-wintered the more tender crops (perennials, roses, holly, abelia, etc.) in two layer poly houses with air blown between the layers. The hardier onla.org
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W h y Tr e e s M a t t e r
A New Year For Trees It is time now to start our new year - for trees. In the Jewish Arbor Day tradition, Tu Bishvat, the “New Year for Trees” celebration is early in the year. Last year it commenced at sunset on January 15, extending to nightfall in January 16 (this year it is February 3-4). So, let us begin this new year of the “Buckeye,” with trees. Ceremonial tree plantings common to Tu Bishvat in Israel are a little tough for wintry Ohio this time of year, but their idea of an ecological awareness day associated with trees is timeless. One Tu Bishvat custom is eating a new fruit – try a medlar. Another is the eating of dried fruits and almonds or to eat a dish made from the Seven Species abundant in areas of the Middle East: barley, wheat (skip this if gluten-free), figs, pomegranates, dates, and a light dressing of olive oil, perhaps in a pilaf, washed down with a grape-based beverage. At OSU’s Secrest Arboretum at the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center in Wooster, our new year of trees follows the retirement of Kenny Cochran as the Arboretum’s Director, with friend and fellow treesteward Joe Cochran taking on the interim Director role. ONLA continues to play a strong role in the future of Secrest, with the latest ONLA’s generous contributions to the proposed Secrest Learning and Resource Center – most excellent. So, now, taking our cue from trees of seasons past, here is a pictorial inspiration for a New Year of Trees. First, a reminder of the environmental services trees provide: 1. An example of an i-Tree ecological audit: the Fox Valley, Wisconsin urban forest (itreetools.org).
2. Tree benefits for river birch (Betula nigra) for the OSU Main Campus Tree Walk.
3. Tree benefits (treebenefits.com) for the oaks on the College of Wooster Campus.
And now…
Winter Winter is a time to check out bark, bud and overall tree form features of trees – and in some cases flowers and cones. 4. The wonderful bark patterns of lacebark pine (Pinus bungeana) at Dawes Arboretum near Newark.
7. On alder (Alnus) reproduction occurs in late Winter or early Spring as pollen matures.
8. Oaks (Quercus) can be readily identified in winter from their characteristic clustered terminal buds.
5. Animal tracks at ODNR’s Johnson Woods Nature Preserve in Orrville, Ohio. What is their mission?
9. The snow patterns on beech (Fagus) trunks in winter grace Johnson Woods Nature Preserve.
6. Filbert/hazelnut (Corylus) pistils mature as early as January in some years at OSU’s Secrest Arboretum. Note the tiny vermilion female flowers
please see page 30
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10. Male and female cones on dawnredwood (Metasequoia glyprostroboides at Secrest Arboretum.
13. Kenny Cochran models an emerging oak (Quercus) leaf for Wayne County Brownies at an Arbor Day celebration at Secrest Arboretum.
Spring With Springtime, Nature bursts forth big time. It is an incredibly busy time for the green industry, but try to read some of Nature’s “infinite book of secrecy” during the wild energy release from winter’s more stately pace.
14. Arbor Day through the windows at the Miller Pavilion of Secrest Arboretum.
11. Despite an attempted finger in the dike, Spring literally unfurls on emerging birch (Betula) leaves on the High Line in New York City.
15. Buckeyes (Aesculus) emerge at Zaleski State Forest in southeast Ohio. 12. “Tree at my window, window tree” overcomes the Frost at the LEED-certified 4-H Building on the OSU campus in Columbus.
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16. Take a stroll through the Elm Allee at Central Park in New York City.
19. White fringetree flowers (Chionanthus) engage young Iris Huntington near the Unitarian Church in Concord, Massachusetts
17. OSU Horticulture and Crop Science Sustainable Landscape Maintenance students visit Secrest Arboretum and do the O-H-I-O before their trip to New York City last Spring.
20. Kenny Cochran overlooks the Children’s Garden and Slide at Secrest Arboretum.
21. Magnolia flower and developing fruit (ripened ovary of the flower) on the High Line in New York City. 18. Trees ascend the heights in New York City.
please see page 32
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Summer Into Summer the Arboretum matures as trees add to their Springtime “eating of the sun” function of photosynthesis for the year.
25. Kenny with trees at the window at the Miller Pavilion at Secrest Arboretum.
22. Arborvitaes (Thuja) are named “trees of life” and provide fragrant freshness to landscapes and woodlands, seen here in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan.
26. Conducting a Kenventory of the plants at Secrest Arboretum.
23. Umbrella magnolias (Magnolia tripetala) in the woodland setting of the Smoky Mountains.
Fall The growing season fades, but for trees what a glory! 27. On Homecoming Day, visitors to the College of Wooster Tree Campus USA can enjoy the new Tree Walk, complete with a mobile app of selected trees.
24. Hackberry (Celtis) illustrates its wonderfully corky bark features here in Montgomery County.
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28. Sweet birch (Betula lenta) in the ChatScape in its fall foliage glory.
29. The woodland meanderings of (Joe) Cochran’s Creek in Knox County.
31. Tree Amigos with A Secrest Arboretum background. In the center Joe Cochran, to the right Kenny Cochran, and a fellow traveler to the left.
32. Bottlebrush buckeye (Aesculus parviflora) fruit accompanies the fall football season, which of course extends into winter and the New Year.
30. Franklin tree (Franklinia alatamaha) showed its camellia-like blooms into November this Autumn. Sweet smells of summertime for an extra six weeks. Children in the woods, dawnredwoods rising tall Sharing of the light, growing, learning call Making new plants, forward ever on and on Beauty living, sharing greening - his gift a gift for all. B Jim Chatfield Ohio State University Extension Nursery Landscape and Turf Team Photo Credits: All photo credits are Jim Chatfield, except for #1, which is from the Davey Tree Expert Company.
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In Memoriam Thomas Nelson Cordry, Jr. (Tom) died peacefully at home on November, 30th 2014 in Sublimity, Oregon at the age of 71. Tom is survived by his children, Amber Laraine Cordry-Martinez of Milwaukie, Oregon, Neal Thomas Cordry of Stayton, Oregon, Randy Steven Stewart of Portland, Oregon, William Johnson of Portland, Oregon, and Christine Eckert of Beaver Creek, Oregon; his brother, John Alvin Cordry of Portland, Oregon; grandchildren, Cynthia Ann Browne, Jessica Amber Trujillo, Ethan Thomas Cordry, Hayden Mark Cordry-van Houte, Allison Rachelle Rogers, Angelia Moon Eckert, Zackary Otto Eckert, Jared Alan Martinez, Ashley Marie Stewart; great grandchildren, Isaiah Owen Trujillo, Elijah James Trujillo, Dominic Raymond Trujillo; He is preceded in death by spouse, Sue Marie Cordry. Tom was born on October, 21st 1943 in Kansas City, Missouri to Thomas Nelson Cordry and Marjorie Helen Fry. He attended Kansas City Kansas Junior College from 1962 to 1963. He entered the Navy on January, 31st 1964, where he served aboard the U.S.S. Aircraft carrier Kearsarge (CVS-33) from May, 15th 1964 to January, 30th 1966, deploying overseas for foreign service one year eight months sixteen days. Tom was awarded the Good Conduct Medal and the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal (Viet Nam). After moving to Portland, Oregon in October 1970, Tom began working for Dun & Bradstreet commercial collection company as a salesman. In 1982 he and two partners established Cash Flow Management Inc., where he served as vice president and worked there until his death. Tom was a life long baseball enthusiast where he played as a youth and coached as an adult. Tom was a boy scout attaining the rank of assistant patrol leader. Tom was a Senior Lifesaver (Lifeguard) as a teenager. Tom was an active and dedicated member of the Oregon Association of Nurseries and All Saints’ Episcopal Church.
Shawn Lee Steinke, 47, of Lebanon since 1994, died unexpectedly Wednesday, December 17, 2014 from injuries sustained in an automobile accident. Shawn was born in La Porte, IN on September 13, 1967 to Glenn Arnold & Doreen Marjean (nee: Salrin) Steinke and attended Purdue University. A true nature lover, he worked in the landscape industry for 25 years and was the owner/operator of Good Natured By Design landscape company. A member of the Master Gardeners through the OSU extension office and the O.N.L.A., Shawn always enjoyed outdoor activities including hiking, running and gardening, but spending time with his children was his passion. Preceded in death by his parents and one brother, Eric Steinke, survivors include his wife of 21 years, Janet Carol (nee: Borda) Steinke, three children, Andrew, Ryan and Hannah, two brothers, Doug Steinke (Kathryn) of Lake Elmo, MN and Brian Steinke, and two sisters, Deborah Lalich (Robert) of Springboro and Doreen King (Michael) of La Porte, IN. Also surviving are his in-laws, Dennis & Carol Borda of Franklin, sister-in-law, Susan Borda of Merced, CA, and many nieces & nephews.
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Dave Spohn, age 57, of Hanover Township, Ohio, passed away December 9, 2014. He was born on May 13, 1957 in Columbus, Ohio the son of Charles and Dorothy (McConville) Spohn. On June 16, 2001, he married Shelley Emmich. Dave received his Master Certification in Landscaping through the Ohio Nursery and Landscaping Association and was employed as a horticulturist and plantsman. He is survived by his wife, Shelley Spohn; two children, Allison (Tiffany) Rhoadsmith and Andy (Ashley McConnell) Rhoads; one grandson, Elliott; his mother Dorothy Spohn; one brother, Steven Spohn; and many other loving family members and friends. He was preceded in death by his father, Charles Spohn. B
onla.org
Ohio Green Industry Advocacy Day
February 25, 2015 Columbus, OH
The Ohio Nursery & Landscape Association • Nursery Growers of Lake County Ohio • Ohio Landscape Association • Ohio Lawn Care Association • Ohio Pest Management Association • Ohio Professional Applicators for Responsible Regulation • Ohio Turfgrass Foundation
You are invited to join us for the “2015 Ohio Green Industry Advocacy Day” on February 25 in Columbus. This is a great chance to partner with fellow green industry colleagues to explain issues critical to your business and the size and importance of Ohio’s Green Industry to our state legislators. With approximately 30 new legislators being sworn in to the 131st General Assembly, and a new leadership slate in the Ohio House, your participation in this grassroots effort is more important than ever before. Here are some key reasons why you should attend this event: • WHO YOU ARE – When surveyed, green industry association members regularly list legislative and regulatory advocacy as one of their key member benefits. The best way to strengthen this critical member benefit is to become an active participant in legislative events. Advocacy Day is your opportunity to carry the message of “who we are” and have an impact on legislation that will affect green industry businesses. No one tells your story better than you! • WHO YOU KNOW – As is the case in your business, advancement is heavily based upon relationships. Green Industry Advocacy Day affords you the chance to build relationships with two important groups: green industry business partners; and, members of the Ohio legislature and their staff. * WHAT IS GOING ON - The morning session will feature key legislative speakers like ONLA Legislator of the Year, Senator Bob Peterson (R; Sabina), Craig Butler, Director of the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency and others. You will also be briefed on issues to discuss in legislative meetings in the afternoon. • WHAT YOU KNOW – The biennial operating budget bill will be “in play” in the Ohio House. Thus, Advocacy Day is the perfect time to affect change in this important legislation. Additionally, meetings with your elected officials give you the opportunity to offer to be a resource to policy makers on issues like water quality, water quantity, immigration, workers compensation and/or environmental reforms. Legislators want to make informed decisions. They want to hear from you. YOU have the knowledge that can help advance decisions that are favorable to our industry. Here’s a tentative schedule of the day:
9:00 - 9:30 a.m.
Registration & continental breakfast 9:30 - 10:30 a.m. Guest Speaker or Panel Discussion 10:30 - 11:30 a.m. Briefing Session – Learn about bills and issues and how to best communicate with your legislator 11:30 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. Guest Speaker from the Legislature (TBD) 12:00 - 1:00 p.m. Lunch and networking 1:00 - 5:00 p.m. Pre-scheduled meetings with Legislators 4:30 - 6:30 p.m. Legislative Reception
Vern Riffe State Office Tower
Ohio Statehouse/Vern Riffe State Office Tower Ohio Statehouse
Registration due February 9, 2015 Complete the registration form on the reverse side of this flyer, along with payment of $89, to the Ohio Nursery & Landscape Association, 72 Dorchester Square, Westerville, OH 43081. Ph: (800) 825-5062. Fax: (614) 899-9489. Checks made payable to the Ohio Nursery & Landscape Association. MasterCard and Visa payment accepted.
Ohio Green Industry Advocacy Day
February 25, 2015 Columbus, OH
REGISTRATION FORM REGISTRANTS: Complete the following information and return this form before February 9, to the ONLA office (address below). Participant Name: Company Name: Address: City, State & Zip:
Email:
Phone: (
Cell: (For changes in meetings on day of event): (
)
)
Full Home Address: (Address will not be published or shared. We need this to identify your voting district.) City, State & Zip: Name of State Rep & Senator: (or please indicate any legislators you would like to visit) I am a member of (please select): □ Ohio Nursery & Landscape Association □ Nursery Growers of Lake County Ohio □ Ohio Landscape Association
For additional details, contact Kevin Thompson at 800.825.5062
REGISTER BY February 9
□ □ □ □
Ohio Lawn Care Association Ohio Turfgrass Foundation Ohio Professional Applicators for Responsible Regulation Ohio Pest Management Association
PAYMENT INFORMATION: Return this form, along with payment of $89, to the Ohio Nursery & Landscape Association, 72 Dorchester Square, Westerville, OH 43081. Ph: (800) 825-5062. Fax: (614) 899-9489. Checks made payable to the Ohio Nursery & Landscape Association. MasterCard and Visa payment accepted. Check Visa
MasterCard
Card Number:
Exp. Date:
Cardholder Name: Signature:
Members On the Grow On the Grow January/February 2015
TAH Benefits Westerville, OH
The ONLA would like to extend “Congratulations” to the following companies that experienced growth in the last year! They have reported to us on their ONLA membership renewal form that they have moved to a higher dues category (based on the gross dollar volume of all sales for the previous fiscal year.)
Timberwood Landscape Co. Inc. Dublin, OH New Category 3 Members: BCF Lawn & Landscape Seven Mile, OH Builderscape, Inc. Plain City, OH
New Category 1 Members: Cahoon Nursery & Garden Center Westlake, OH
Cianciolo Designscape, Inc. Cincinnati, OH
Dean’s Landscaping Inc. Xenia, OH
Grayhawk Greenhouse Supply, LLC Swanton, OH
Earth Shades, LLC Cincinnati, OH
Gotch & Company, Inc. Carrollton, OH
Keller Environmental Co. Columbus, OH
J. S. Goode Landscaping, Ltd Circleville, OH
Quality Plant Productions, Inc. Broadview Heights, OH
Landmarc Gardens, Ltd New Albany, OH
Scott’s Garden Center, Inc. Powell, OH
M & M Land-Designs West Chester, OH
Wengerlawn Nursery Co. Brookville, OH
Pleiman Landscaping LLC Maria Stein, OH
New Category 2 Members: A & J Landscape Center Sylvania, OH
Rocky Garden Landscape Development Beloit, OH
Beardslee Nursery, LLC Perry, OH
Smith’s Gardens, Inc. Delaware, OH
Cedarbrook Nurseries, Inc. Powel, OH
Spectrum Net Designs Grandville, MI
Classico Landscapes, Inc. Louisville, OH
The Greenhouse Shoppe Wooster, OH
Paramount Lawn Service, Inc. Loveland, OH
Verdant Green, Inc. Newbury, OH
Richard’s Tree & Crane Service, LLC North Ridgeville, OH
Wilson’s Country Creations Killbuck, OH
onla.org
New Category 4 Members: American Safety & Health Management Consultants, Inc. North Canton, OH Beck’s Greenhouse, Inc. Bellville, OH Bremec Greenhouses & Nursery Chesterland, OH Dailey’s Lawn & Landscaping Beavercreek, OH Davies’ Landscape & Lawn Care Cincinnati, OH Devore’s Land & Water Gardens Inc. Hamilton, OH Florimar, Inc. Georgetown, OH John B. Jacobs & Son Nurseries, Inc. Blanchester, OH T. A. Knief Outdoor Services LLC London, OH TD Landscape & Maintenance, LLC. Fredericktown, OH Wickline’s Florist & Garden Center Xenia, OH B
January / February 2015 37
New Members The following firms and individuals have been approved for ONLA membership, pending the completion of the application process, which includes requesting comments from the current ONLA membership regarding the qualifications and/or dues classifications of applicants within three weeks following receipt of this issue of The Buckeye. The following companies are applying for ACTIVE membership: Aqua Smart Enterprises/Healthy Turf and More 6286 Equine Crossing Canal Winchester, OH43110 Andrew Larned, Category 5 Big Trees, Inc. 27201 Royalton Road Columbia Station, OH 44028 Rich Beran, Category 2 Falls Tree Experts 17460 Snyder Road Chagrin Falls, OH 44023 Eric Eckard, Category 5 Grass Groomers Inc. 7017 Americana Parkway Reynoldsburg, OH 43068 Justin Boren, Category 1 Hannibal Garden Center 42293 State Route 7 Clarington, OH 43915 Robert Heslep, Category 4 JL Landscapes P.O. Box 82533 Columbus, OH 43202 Jody Linnabary, Category 5 John H. O’Neill LLC 2338 Adams Avenue Columbus, OH 43202 John O’Neill, Category 5
38 The Buckeye
John’s Ag-Vantage LLC 5433 Hagerman Road Butler, OH 44822 John Hildreth, Category 5 L’Obel Nursery 6751 Brown Road Oxford, OH 45056 Richard Munson, Category 5 LWB Design, LLC 5900 Som Center Road Highland Heights, OH 44143 Lindsey Baker, Category 5 Meditation Gardens LLC 1019 Eight Mile Road Cincinnati, OH 45255 Wayne Dorsey, Category 5 Mi Jardin 1504 Gibson Road Goshen, OH 45122 Stephanie Meyers, Category 5 Tri State Foliage 10520 Pippin Road Cincinnati, OH 45231 Bryan Johnston, Category 1 U.S. Lawns of Columbus 8917 South Old State Road #192 Lewis Center, OH 43035 Darin Finch, Category 5 United Label & Sales Corp 12900 Berea Road Cleveland, OH 44111 Peter Murphy, Category 4 Walker Supply, Inc P.O. Box 799 Carnegie, PA 15106 Bob Windsheimer, Category 1
onla.org
Online Availability The following people are applying for Professional Individual membership: Kent Alexander, St. Leonard Jon Brown, City of Springboro Neal Carpenter, National Trail Parks and Recreation Jed Mckenzie, City of Upper Arlington
klynnurseries.com Visit our website Sales Staff
The following people are applying for Affiliate membership: David Gardner, The Ohio State University Debra Knapke, Columbus State Community College Frank Kachenko, Hocking Correctional Inst.
Availability* Hot List* Klyn Catalog 2014* Quote Form
The following people are applying for Student membership: Patrick Badkowsky, Auburn County Career Center Moria Blood, A-Tech Valarie Burlingame, A-Tech Mark Neally Christopherson, Auburn County Career Center Tanner Cole, The Ohio State University Rebecca Curry, Clark State Community College Brock Denman, Knox County Career Center Jorge Dominguez, Auburn County Career Center Donovan Drebus, Auburn County Career Center Robby Griffin, Auburn County Career Center Macie Hilliard, Auburn County Career Center Brendan Dean Koch, Auburn County Career Center Julian Lucas, Cincinnati State Alexandria Norris, Auburn County Career Center Shasta Ritter, Hocking College Paige Smith, Auburn County Career Center Nicholas Paul Spurlock, A-Tech Deanna Uhl, Gates Mills Environmental Robert Zeigler, Auburn County Career Center
Photo Gallery E-mail addresses About Us Directions *Contact us for user name and password
KLYN NURSERIES, Inc. 3322 SOUTH RIDGE RD. • P.O. BOX 343 PERRY, OHIO 44081
TELEPHONE: (440) 259-3811 FAX: (440) 259-3338 1-800-860-8104 Web Site: klynnurseries.com E-Mail: klyn@klynnurseries.com
onla.org
January / February 2015  39
Ohio Certified Nursery Technician ONLA Office Exam Application Application Instructions: Fill out one form per applicant. Make copies as needed. Print or type information. Return completed application with proper payment to The Ohio Nursery & Landscape Association, 72 Dorchester Square, Westerville, OH 43081; Fax: (614) 899-9489. Application Deadline: One week prior to test date. Name :________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Home Address:__________________________________________________________ Email:__________________________________________ City:___________________________________________ State:_________ Zip:____________ Phone:_________________________________ Company Name:________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Address:_______________________________________________________________ Email:_________________________________________ City:___________________________________________ State:_________ Zip:____________ Phone:_________________________________
Test Day
Testing & Fees
Thursday, February 19, 2015 Thursday, March 19, 2015 Thursday, April 16, 2015 Thursday, May 21, 2015 Thursday, June 18, 2015 Thursday, July 16, 2015 Thursday, September 17, 2015 Thursday, October 15, 2015 Thursday, November 19, 2015
Garden Center test Grower test Landscape & Core test Core (for re-test only) Landscape (for re-test only) Retest Fees (NOTE: The retest must be taken within one year of the original test date to qualify for the retest fee.) Previous test date:_______________________ ONLA Member: $35.00 per test ONLA Non-Member: $70.00 per test
ONLA Member: $30.00 per Re-test Non-member: $60.00 per Re-test
! W
I have a special need or disability which may require special accommodations for taking the test. (ONLA staff will contact you.) Test Location & Time:
9:00 a.m. Ohio Nursery & Landscape Assocation Offices 72 Dorchester Square Westerville, OH 43081
NE
Employer’s Statement (REQUIRED!): I confirm that the above applicant meets the OCNT eligibility requirements: • Worked 1000 hours in the Green Industry or • Worked 500 hours in the Green Industry and is currently enrolled in or has successfully completed a recognized Horticultural Program (i.e. college or high school) or • Worked 1500 hours as a volunteer in the Green Industry at an arboretum, botanical garden or as a master gardener Employer Name:____________________________________________ Payment Methods:
Signature:___________________________________________
Check enclosed—Check #:____________________
VISA
MasterCard
Card Number:__________________________________________ Exp. Date: _______ Signature:_____________________________________ Additional information: Attendees should arrive 15 minutes prior to testing time! After sending payment, you will receive a copy of this form stamped “CONFIRMED.” You must bring this copy and Photo I.D. with you to the testing site. No refunds will be given after the application deadline. Questions? Call the ONLA at (614) 899-1195.
Industry Calendar
View www.onla.org for seminars, events, trade shows and more! O designates qualifying OCNT recertification events O February 5, 2015 Tri-State Green Industry Conference, Over 70 years of educational excellence; don’t miss this premiere Greater Cincinnati Green Industry training event! The Tri-State Green Industry Conference (Tri-State GIC) is a collaborative effort between Ohio State University Extension, Purdue Extension, Cincinnati State Technical and Community College, and the Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden. It features a variety of high quality education and training for professionals and also features a vendor trade show.
March 5, 2015 Landscaping School, Promoting runoff reduction and soil & water stewardship through good landscaping practices. www. delawareswcd.org
September 17, 2015 OCNT Testing, Westerville, Ohio
March 19, 2015 OCNT Testing, Westerville, Ohio
November 19, 2015 OCNT Testing, Westerville, Ohio
April 16, 2015 OCNT Testing, Westerville, Ohio
B
February 19, 2015 OCNT Testing, Westerville, Ohio
June 18, 2015 OCNT Testing, Westerville, Ohio
February 25, 2015 Ohio Green Industry Advocacy Day, You are invited to join us for the ONLA’s “2015 Advocacy Day” on February 25 in Columbus. This is a great chance to partner with fellow green industry colleagues to explain issues critical to your business and the size and importance of Ohio’s Green Industry to our state legislators.
July 16, 2015 OCNT Testing, Westerville, Ohio
October 15, 2015 OCNT Testing, Westerville, Ohio
May 21, 2015 OCNT Testing, Westerville, Ohio
August 11, 2015 NGLCO 48th Annual Field Day, Celebrate the NGLCO's 48th annual Summer Field Day at the beautiful Chalet Debonne Winery, Madison, Ohio. Visit the NGLCO website for more details.
NEW! from
Mineral and Peat Grown Sod for Sun and/or Shade, Blue Grass Blend, Improved Tall Fescue, Fine Leaf Fescue & Blue Grass Mix Contract Grown to Specifications. Shredded Topsoil, Peat, and Custom Blending (Delivered or On-Site) Bark Mulch, Ties Custom Hauling Scanwith with smart phone Scan smart phone
CALL YOUR BUSINESS PARTNERS Dick Posey, Josh Posey, Judd Posey or Tony Sciambi www.BuckeyeResources.com
800-443-8203
"Ohio Grown PROUDLY for over 50 years!” onla.org
For complete listing & product descriptions, visit
www.BuckeyeResources.com
January / February 2015 41
Advertisers’ Index Buckeye Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 buckeyeresources.com The Buren Insurance Group. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 The Official Publication of the Ohio Nursery & Landscape Association
coveryourgrass.com
The Buckeye is the nursery and landscape industry’s authoritative voice in Ohio. Second to none in editorial and graphic quality, The Buckeye publishes a wide range of editorial features on the green industry’s key issues. The Buckeye is another example of how the ONLA leads, promotes, and facilitates the success and growth of green industry businesses.
The Buckeye is published 10 times each year with a circulation of over 5,000 each issue and an
estimated readership of over 10,000. Advertisers benefit from an industry-specific audience, with distribution to professional nursery, landscape and independent garden center businesses and individuals, certified green industry professionals, educators/researchers, and subscribers. Access Ohio’s $4.9 billion industry. Contact Amanda to learn how your business can benefit from becoming an advertiser in The Buckeye.
800.825.5062 amanda@onla.org
Ernst Seeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 ernstseed.com Evergreen Seed Supply. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 evergreenseedsupply.com Fairview Evergreen Nurseries. . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 fairviewevergreen.com Green Velvet Sod Farms Ltd.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 greenvelvet.com Klyn Nurseries, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 klynnurseries.com Medina Sod Farms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 medinasodfarms.com Millcreek Gardens, LLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 mgohio.com Oberfield’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 oberfields.com Scarff’s Nursery, Inc.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 scarffs.com Smith’s Gardens, Inc.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
ONLA Classified Advertising: onla.org
The online classified service can be found on onla.org along with the complete postings. New ads will be added as soon as they are submitted to the ONLA. For more information, please contact the ONLA office at (614) 899-1195. The ONLA reserves the right to refuse ads. As we go to press, here are the ads posted on onla.org’s online Classified Section: •
Landscape Foreman, Sundown Gardens, Carmel, Indiana
•
Skilled Crew Leader, Cianciolo Designscape, Cincinnati, Ohio
smithsgardensinc.com Spring Meadow Nursery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 colorchoiceplants.com Unilock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IBC unilock.com Walters Gardens, Inc.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IFC waltersgardens.com
Ad Rates & Info Contact Amanda Domsitz 614.899.1195 amanda@onla.org
42 The Buckeye
Landscape Plants for Ohio A Professional’s Guide Please complete the below information Company Name: Contact Name: Shipping Address: City:
State:
Phone:
Email:
Zip:
Landscape Plants for Ohio 1-100......................................... $6.00 Each 101-499..................................... $4.75 Each 500 or More .............................. $3.75 Each My Order is as Follows: Return with payment to: (checks payable to) Ohio Nursery & Landscape Association 72 Dorchester Square Westerville, OH 43081 Ph: (800) 825-5062 or (614) 899-1195 Fax: (614) 899-9489 info@onla.org
# of copies _______ x Price per copy __________ = $ ____________ County Sales Tax 7.5% = $ ____________ Total = $ ____________ Payment Information Type of payment:
Check (enclosed)
Card Number Signature
VISA
MasterCard Exp Date