Project management in Business by Online Dissertation Writing

Project Management in Business

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INTRODUCTION

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TASK 1 a) Background and principles of the project management b) Success and failure criteria for the proposed project to appraise its viability c) Principles behind setting up the system and procedures for the effective use of resources in the project management d) Key elements involved in the process of terminating the project and conducting post-project appraisals TASK 2 a) i) Plan and specify human resources and requirements for the project ii) Most appropriate organizational structure, role and responsibilities of the participants for the project b) Control and coordination of the project c) The project leadership styles and qualities required for the proposed project TASK 3 a) Project plan b) The appropriate techniques for scheduling the project activities, estimating time and controlling costs of the project c) Method for measuring project performance d) Explanation about change control procedure for evaluating the project at completion CONCLUSION REFERNCES

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TABLE OF FIGURES Figure 1: Gantt chart for the project of Palm Tree Spa Figure 2: Network Diagram for the project of Palm Tree Spa Figure 3: WBS for the project of Palm Tree Spa Figure 4: Change control process

LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Project plan for new technological initiative for Palm Spa Tree Resort

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INTRODUCTION Every project has some distinct attributes which distinguishes it from the regular activity of an organization. It is temporary in nature and has specific start and end dates. Each project is started by organizations for a specific purpose so, appropriate management and completion of different activities on time is very essential for success of the project. The current research report is also based on project management of business (Dey, Clegg and Bennett, 2010). It focuses on an organization Palm Trees Spa which is premium resort located in the warm tropical region of the Pacific Ocean. This organization is facing a problem of poor online presence and absence of the online reservation system in the company. So, current research report will discuss about the project which will help in adopting new technological development system for removing this problem. Report will include different functions and activities of the project management including diverse tools and techniques which will help in completing this project in an effective manner.

TASK 1 a) Background and principles of the project management Background: Project management is a planned and structured process for attaining a specific objective of an organization. It focuses on managing, allocating and controlling different resources such as time and cost to accomplish the project in an effective manner. For example; adopting a new technical system by the organization for making online presence of this company in world internet market is also one of the major projects for the business (Kathy and Deborah, 2007). Toll Free : +44 203 3555 345 Email : help@onlinedissertationwriting.co.uk Website : https://www.onlinedissertationwriting.co.uk

Project management has been applied from early civilization. Until 1900, software development projects were only managed by the engineers. But, since 1950s, different organizations started using different tools and techniques of project management for resolving different issues at the time of managing projects. Henry Gnatt and Henri Fayol are considered the father and forefather respectively for introducing planning and control techniques of project management (Kloppenborg, 2011). Henry Gantt introduced Gnatt chart and Fayol had provided 5 management functions and Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) for resource allocation. Therefore, in 1950 organizations started to use different tools and techniques for managing distinct activities of the project. In contrast, current concepts of the project management have become very advance as compare to traditional method of project management. It includes different tools, techniques and methods for managing project, such as Gnatt chart, PERT (Project Evaluation and Review Techniques), WBS, methodologies and critical path methods (Chiu-Chi and et.al, 2013). All these techniques assist in increasing the success of the project. Principles of project management: Major principles of the project management are described as under: Project

structure:

Project

structure

focuses

three

basic

dimensions; quality, resource and time. Along with this, it also focuses on the activities which have to be done in completing the project. Current project of Palm Tree Spa stresses on developing new technical system

which

helps

increasing

online

presence

the

organization in world internet market. Clear goals: Along with this, project management is also based on a principle of clear goal. Therefore, each and every project must have Toll Free : +44 203 3555 345 Email : help@onlinedissertationwriting.co.uk Website : https://www.onlinedissertationwriting.co.uk

appropriate and clear goal and objectives which will help the firm in completing the project in an effective way. Major goal of the current project is developing technical system for Palm Tree Spa (Greasley, 2007). Optimum allocation of resources: Project manager should allocate different resources such as time and cost in the optimum manner. Regarding this project, manager can use different techniques such as Gannt chart, network diagram and budgeting, etc. Total quality management: Success of the project depends on the quality of final outcome. So, project manager should assure about the continuous improvement in quality of the project. Risk recognition: Determining and appropriate managing of risk in different activities of the project is also one of the major principles of project

management.

So,

manager

should

make

appropriate

arrangements for managing different risks, such as financial, technical and operational uncertainties. Managing project disturbances: For managing projects in an effective manner, manager should assure about that all problems and disturbance of the current project will be resolved in effective manner (Kumaraswamy, 2011). Responsibilities complete

all

the

project

responsibilities

manager: an

Manager

effective

should

manner.

Major

responsibilities of the project manager are to develop project plan, allocate roles and responsibilities to different team members and scheduling and controlling each and every activity of the project. Therefore,

all

these

are

the

major

principles

the

project

management which helps in managing entire project in an effective manner. Toll Free : +44 203 3555 345 Email : help@onlinedissertationwriting.co.uk Website : https://www.onlinedissertationwriting.co.uk

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b) Success and failure criteria for the proposed project to appraise its viability Success and failure criteria for the project management: Operational requirements: It is also one of the major criteria for measuring

the

success

the

project.

If,

the

current

project

successfully develops a technological system for Palm Tree Spa then it will be a successful project (Simmons, Bland and Wojciechowski, 2012). But, in case if project manager does not satisfy all the operational requirements then it will be considered as failure project. Time and Cost criteria: Appropriate management of time and cost is one of the major indicators for the project success. Timely completion of the project with approved budget will represent the success of the project. But, on the other hand, if project manager is not capable to manage allocated time and cost in an effective manner then it will represent ineffective completion of the project. Success measurements: Major measurements of the success and failure of project are appropriate planning, representation of WBS, Product breakdown structure, project execution strategy and use of discounted cash flow techniques. Further, it also includes present value of investment and team management. Final outcomes: For the current project, final outcome will be strong online presence of Palm Tree Spa in world internet market. Therefore, it also helps in determining success and failure of the project (Knapp and et.al, 2010).

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Different criteria to appraise the viability of the project: Viability of the project can be defined as a set of benefits which will be derived by the Palm Tree Spa after completing this project. Viability of the project can be appraised by different aspects which are as follows: Economic viability: By completing the project in budgeted cost will help in managing the economic viability of the project. So, for managing cost of the project, manager should apply different tools for minimizing cost of the project. Technical viability: Quality of the technical system is not attainable by the project manager then it loses its viability so, manager should focus on attaining all quality standards for making the online presence of Palm Tree Spa. It will help in maintaining technical viability of this project. Financial viability: financial viability of the project can be appraised by managing available and required financial resources in effective manner. Along with this, investment in most profitable technical products will also helps in increasing the monetary viability of the current project (Cervone, 2006). Environmental viability: Sustainable completion of the project helps in maintaining environmental viability of the project. Along with this, project manager should take care of all those factors associated with the project which can affect the environment of the project. Socio political viability: Palm Tree Spa can increase the social political viability of the current project by appropriate consideration of corporate social responsibilities of the organization towards the society development.

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c) Principles behind setting up the system and procedures for the effective use of resources in the project management Systems for allocating time and cost: Resource leveling: It is most important techniques for allocating techniques for the project of new technological development initiative in Palm Tree Spa. It also resolves possible conflicts arising from the over and under allocation of resources. Major techniques of the resource level are fast tracking and crashing. Therefore, it is most appropriate tool for allocating time and cost on different activities of the project (Levy, 2009). Activity based costing: For allocating cost on different activities, project manager of this project can use activity based costing. It helps in reducing the unnecessary cost on various activities of the entire project plan. Therefore, it is most appropriate techniques for allocating finance. Process to integrate human and material resources For developing new technological initiative for this resort manager can use appropriate process for allocating human and material resources. All stages of this procedure are describing as under: 1. Before allocating resources manager needs to determine the actual needs and requirements of personal and material. 2. Afterwards, project manager will develop a resource plan for managing all these resources. 3. After determining the actual requirements project manager will arrange all material and personnel for attaining objectives of this project (Martin and Guerin, 2006).

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4. Subsequently, this process will move towards the implementation of the resource plan which will focus on allocation of personnel and material as per the needs and requirements of each activity. In this stage, manager will allocate human resources as per the skills and knowledge of employees as per the requirements of particular task. Implementation of resource plan 5. Appropriate and regular monitoring and control will help in improving performance of personnel as well as effective use of the all material. 6. If any changes are required for attaining requirements of this project then project manager will implement required change in this stage. 7. Afterwards, manager will analyze the final performance of the ensure resource plan. Therefore, project manager of the current project will follow the above discussed process for allocating human resources and material on different activities of the project (Andersen, Dysvik and Vaagaasar, 2009). d) Key elements involved in the process of terminating the project and conducting post-project appraisals Key elements of project termination process: Project termination is very complex and important phase of the project management. There are different key elements which involve in the process of the termination. Major elements are audit logs, cost and time, remaining work, legal requirements and final records, etc. Audit logs can be defined as all audit trails which includes the information about each and every activity with time and cost which can affect the entire project at any time. Along with this, project termination process also involves the cost and time which helps in completing this project on specific deadline. Including this, legal Toll Free : +44 203 3555 345 Email : help@onlinedissertationwriting.co.uk Website : https://www.onlinedissertationwriting.co.uk

requirements for developing the online presence of Palm Tree Spa is also one of the important elements which need to consider by manager at the time of terminating project otherwise it can negatively affect the implementation process of website and other software. In addition, at the time of termination project manager maintain appropriate record of all activities and tasks in effective manner (Zwikael, 2009). Post project appraisal: 1. Conducting variance analysis: It is the best method for post purchase appraisal of the developing new technological initiative project. It will help in identifying variance by making difference between actual and budgeted performance of whole project. 2. Cost-benefit analysis: Development of the new technological system will be a very costly project. But, after implementation it will provide various benefits to Palm Tree Spa Resorts such as online presence of the company attract large number of customers, advance reservation of customers, etc. Therefore, cost-benefit analysis is also best method for post project appraisal.

3. Risk analysis and review: Project manger needs to determine possible risks of this project. It will help in developing plan for managing these risks in effective manner. 4. Recognizing project achievements: It is also one of the best methods for post project appraisal. It will help in determining all the benefits of the project for Palm Tree Spa (Walker, 2007).

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TASK 2 a) i) Plan and specify human resources and requirements for the project Human resource requirements: This project focuses on development of new technological initiative for Palm Tree Spa Resort. It requires different human resources such as project manager, software engineer, website developer and quality analyst. All these are the major requirements for developing website, Management Information system (MIS) and reservation system for organization. Other requirements: This project is also required some other resources such as time, cost, technical skills and experience, different software and hardware, etc (Darren, 2012). ii) Most appropriate organizational structure, role and responsibilities of the participants for the project Organizational structure: Matrix structure will be appropriate for developing new technological system for Palm Tree Spa Resort. It will be beneficial for this project because it helps in dividing all roles and responsibilities on the basis of function and project. It allows the supervisor of this project to focus on their own expertise area only. Along with this, it also focuses on allocating roles and responsibility on personnel as per their skills and knowledge. Further, it is also beneficial for making communication in different functional areas of the project such as software development department and website department, etc. It is very flexible structure because it allows human resources to work in other department if their won work has completed (Hobbs, 2009).

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Role and responsibilities of all participants: As per the above discussion major participants of this project are project manager, software engineer, website developer and quality analyst. Roles and responsibilities of each participant are describing as under: Project Manager: Managing different activities of project. Allocating roles and responsibilities to all team members Developing and implementing project plan. Appropriate allocation of resources. Software Engineer: Developing Management information system Fulfilling all technical needs and requirements of this project. Website Developer: Developing website of this project. Making online presence of this website in world internet market. Quality Analyst: Managing

quality

the

entire

project

(Workersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;

roles

and

responsibilities, 2015). Assurance to meet all quality standards of MIS, website and other technological initiatives. b) Control and coordination of the project Control and coordination are very significant for monitoring and evaluating the performance of this project. Further, it is also very important

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for preparing project plans and scheduling and allocating resources on different activities. Along with this, it helps in managing and controlling each and every activity of the project. There are different techniques by which management of this project can control and coordinate different activities of this project. These techniques are WBS Gantt chart, etc. WBS helps in improving communication at different level and Gantt chart assist in monitoring and controlling different activities of the project planning. Along with this, by establishing targets and specific objectives manager can improve the overall control and coordination in different projects (Simmons, Bland and Wojciechowski, 2012). c) The project leadership styles and qualities required for the proposed project Participative leadership style is one of the most appropriate leadership styles for developing website and MIS system for Palm Tree Spa. It will be significant for this project because it will help in improving communication between team members as well as help in taking different decisions regarding this project. Including this for managing different activities manager requires various leadership qualities such as communication, motivation, team building, conflicts management and negotiation skills. All these leadership qualities encourage each and every team member to complete all tasks on specified time and cost (Cervone, 2006).

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TASK 3 a) Project plan Table 1: Project plan for new technological initiative for Palm Spa Tree Resort

Project Plan WBS

Name New technological initiative project for Palm 1 Spa Tree Resort

1.1 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3

Project Management Project planning Scope Management Scheduling and allocating resources

1.1.4

Risk management

1.1.5

Change control

Analysis of the 1.2 Requirements

1.2.2

Human resource and material requirements Review and analysis of all requirements

1.2.3

Arrangements of all resources

1.2.1

Design of Website, MIS 1.3 and reservation system

Duration

Start

Finish Mon Fri 03-07- 23-11102 days 15 15 Mon Fri 03-07- 17-0832 days 15 15 Mon Fri 03-0713-077 days 15 15 Tue Tue 14-07- 21-076 days 15 15 Wed Wed 22-07- 29-076 days 15 15 Thu 30-07- Fri 077 days 15 08-15 Mon Mon 10-08- 17-086 days 15 15 Mon Tue 1814-0920 days 08-15 15 Wed Tue 18-08- 26-087 days 15 15 Thu 27-08- Fri 047 days 15 09-15 Mon Mon 07-09- 14-096 days 15 15 Thu Thu 2708-1031 days 08-15 15

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Predecessors

3 4 5 6

6,7,3 9,7 10

1.3.1 1.3.2

Manual design of Website, MIS and reservation system Specification of all designs

4 days 4 days

Thu 27-0815 Tue 15-0915

1.3.3

Test planning

4 days

1.3.4

Review of all designs

6 days

Mon 21-0915 Fri 25-0915

1.3.5

Completion of designing process

4 days

Mon 05-1015

22 days

Fri 09-1015

10 days

Fri 09-1015

2 days

Fri 23-1015

5 days

Tue 27-1015

2 days

Tue 03-1115

3 days

Thu 05-1115

6 days

Tue 1011-15

6 days

Tue 10-1115

1.4

Coding

1.4.1

Freezing all interface

1.4.2

Implementation of all codes

1.4.3 1.4.4 1.4.5 1.5 1.5.1

Inspection Testing of MIS, Website and reservation system Implementation freeze Quality Assessment Quality management

Tue 01-0915 Fri 1809-15 Thu 24-0915 Fri 0210-15 Thu 08-1015 Mon 09-1115 Thu 22-1015 Mon 26-1015 Mon 02-1115 Wed 04-1115 Mon 09-1115 Tue 17-1115 Tue 17-1115

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9 11,9,10 14,9 15 16,13

17 19,17 20,17 21 22

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b) The appropriate techniques for scheduling the project activities, estimating time and controlling costs of the project There are different techniques which will help in scheduling different activities of the project with appropriate allocation of time and cost. These include PERT, Critical path Method, Gantt chart and WBS. For the current project all techniques are described as under: Gantt chart:

Figure 1: Gantt chart for the project of Palm Tree Spa

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Network Diagram:

Figure 2: Network Diagram for the project of Palm Tree Spa

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Work Breakdown Structure (WBS):

Figure 3: WBS for the project of Palm Tree Spa Calculation of MS project has reflected that critical Path for the current project has included all activities of the project plan. So, overall project will be completed in 102 days.

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c) Method for measuring project performance There are different methods for measuring the performance of this project which are described as under: Budgeted Cost for Work Scheduled (BCWS): It is most appropriate method for reporting the budgeted cost for all activities which are included in this project. It helps in measuring the overall performance of the project because using this cost manager can determine the variance between actual and expected cost of the project. Positive and negative variance will help in determining the success and failure of the project (Knapp and et.al, 2010). Budgeted Cost for Work Performed (BCWP): It shows the actual cost of all activities which are performed by all team members for developing website and MIS systems for Palm Tree Spa Resort. Therefore, it also helps in determining the performance gap of this project which assists in measuring the overall success of this project. Earned Value analysis: By using this method project manager can measure the performance of this project at any time. Along with this, it will help in forecasting the completion date and final cost of this project. Cost performance indicators: There are different cost indicators which assist in measuring progress of the current project such as budgeted cost, actual cost and variance analysis, etc (Walker, 2007).

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d) Explanation about change control procedure for evaluating the project at completion

Figure 4: Change control process (Source: Integrated Change Control Procedure, 2015) Evaluation of the project can be done implementing change control process. This procedure comprises different stages such as identification of required changes in different activities of project plan for attaining goals and objectives. Further, it access and analyze major requirement of changes by determining the benefits of these changes to whole project. Afterwards, manager will develop and implement the change management planning and measure the performance of the project after implementation (Martin and Guerin, 2006).

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CONCLUSION The current research report has concluded that project manager will complete the current project for Palm Tree Spa Resort in effective manner. Along with this, project will helps in making the online presence of the company, developing attractive website and MIS system for the organization. Further, it will also helps in developing a reservation system for organization. Overall whole project will satisfy all the requirements of the resort in appropriate manner and will be completed in 102 days within the specific budget.

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REFERNCES Books and journals ● Andersen, S. E., Dysvik, A. and Vaagaasar, L. A., 2009. Organizational rationality and project management. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business. ● Cervone, F. H., 2006. Project risk management. OCLC Systems & Services. ● Chiu-Chi, W. and et.al, 2013. Assignment of project members considering capability and personality balance. Kybernetes. ● Darren, D., 2012. The nature of project management: A reflection on The Anatomy of Major Projects by Morris and Hough. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business. ● Dey, K. P., Clegg, T., and Bennett, J. D., 2010. Managing enterprise resource planning projects. Business Process Management Journal. ● Greasley, A., 2007. Operations Management. SAGE. Online ● Workers’ roles and responsibilities. 2015. [Online]. Available through:<https://osha.europa.eu/en/topics/riskassessment/workers_role>. ● Integrated Change Control Procedure. 2015. [Online]. Available through: < http://www.itplanning.org.vt.edu/pm/integratedchangecontrol.html>.

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