AIR
DESIGN STUDIO MAR.2013
TAM ON ON
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1.0 Case for Innovation
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North, West, South, East Elevations, Boat House
Ground Floor Plan, Boat House
First Floor Plan, Boat House
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Site Model, Site Tectonic
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Prototype, Virtual Environments
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1.0 Case for Innovation
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An architectural project is an investment And architect is like an investment advisor Figuring the best choice out for the clients To every client, he/she has different expectation and desire to an investment. Some want a low risk and medium reward investment while some want high reward whatever how risky it will be. Efficient portfolio is ‘[a] portfolio that provides the greatest expected return for a given level of risk, or equivalently, the lowest risk for a given expected return, also called optimal portfolio.’1 There is always an efficient portfolio for every client. What an investment advisor responsible is to figure out the efficient portfolio or the one most similar to. As an architect, he/she are always finding the best choice for every project. Each project is unique by site condition, limited budget and needs of the patron, etc. A best choice is the result of balancing different aspects to meet the patron’s requirements. Here, the best choice means more than referring to the optimum design of the building. As it is always consisted of a lot compromising issues, sometimes the optimum design is not fit enough for making the best choice. Therefore, a good architecture is not only about the brilliant design, but also expresses the patron’s fulfillment to the architect. Fortunately, under certain constraints, there are still lots of spectacular architectures on the planet. It shows architecture has its own social identity and is a valuable investment.
‘[Architecture] exists because a client allows it to exist’2
‘Architecture can scarcely exist without patronage’3
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HighDesert House,Kendrick Bangs Kellogg,California,2004 8
Modernism- Organic Architecture ‘All perfectly beautiful forms must be composed of curves; Since there is hardly any common natural form in which it is possible to discover a straight line’5 -John Ruskin Organic architecture is the expression of passion for life and nature. It concerns the biological forms and processes in the nature. ‘Emphasizing beauty and harmony, its free-flowing curves and expressive forms are sympathetic to the human body, mind and spirit. In a well designed organic building, we feel better and freer.’6
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Illustration ,‘The Island of Light’ 9
Something about Tokin Liu
‘Using lessons in nature to inspire pioneering construction techniques. Our preoccupation with nature informs the design process, whether through biomimicry or by using the elements nature generously gives us for free.’ -Tokin Liu
A Biomimetic Building
‘The Island of Light’- Kaohsiung Port and Cruise Service Center Tokin Liu, Taiwan The aim of this public architecture is to connect the culture and nature The architecture mainly comprises of two parts: 1.An inclined base containing all the operational accommodation as the form of hill 2.A lightweight roof canopy in the form of a forest of tree-like columns, which provides shading. The design approach is to provide a comfortable conditions rationally for the users in a low energy way.
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Illustration ,‘The Island of Light’ 9
Two architects are both using nature elements and concerning about individual experiences. The Island of Light engages to the ecosystem and creates a sustainable environment through new materials and technologies. Use natural form and process in designing is saving materials and resources that is efficiency and environmental-friendly . It also allows innovative and creative thinking and inspires architectural solution to fix problems. So inspiring from the nature is an efficient way in architecture. In addition, natural form is encouraging people break the conventional thinking and explore in the nature, focus on the practicality and functionality, combing with nature beauty. It is easier to convince patrons to take the risk and accept an unique design.
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1.0 Case for Innovation
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Computational architecture It’s time for dreams coming true It’s time for perfection approaches It’s time for breakthrough in architecture The trend from form making to form finding The investigation of a structure externally to internally While architects are improving architectural design, good helper is brought out No matter form making, form finding or any other design methods, a good design costs more than one day. Computing in architecture, as a tool, does save people a lot time in processing a project. But more importantly, computing perfects architecture future development. When architects eager to develop fluid dynamic forms and prepare to discard static forms, computing allows them to simulate conceptual ideas in 3 dimensions environment. One may say within human creativity and imagination, hand drawings are still workable. However, digital tools help architects chasing after multiple solutions to a design rather than one. Then they can pick a best-fit design from multiple optimum design solutions. Convention design method: Searching the solution space for the solution to a problem New design method: Searching a solution to the problem 1 A concept-algorithm is introduced in the design analysis. The definition of Algorithm is “made up a finite set of rules or operations that are unambiguous and simple to follow”2 .In a simple way, its function here is to apply rational boundary constraints(like site conditions & orientation, etc.) to restrict the possible design outcomes. So the architects can find out different solutions efficiently.
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Genetic Algorithms Ecamples14
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Beijing National Aquatics5
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Water Cube-Beijing National Aquatics PTW architects,Peking China,2008 The exciting factor about the Water Cube design is the structure of the building. It is the structure of assuming the form of water bubble’s molecular structure is in a continues array. Every bubbles of the building is various and the building skin is made of inflated ETFE cushions. The building is so massive and innovative that preparation before construction is complicated. This precedent can totally reflect how computing has great contribution in architecture and fabrication. First of all, without computing technology the molecular structure will not be able to apply. It shows the biological model is suitable for applying in architectural form. Moreover, nowadays architects are sure to use a specific forms, they are seeking for the solution instead of thinking how to make it workable. Secondly, because it is a big scale building and every bubbles structure is various, the design of structural steel beam has about 22000 variations. In order to determine the design method, people use software to bring from 22000 down to 3 sets of choice. Moreover, the structural analysis and design were written respectively in the Visual Basic 6.0 and Strand 7 Finite Element Software. To allow process documentations, all files were translated into 3D cad model. It only took 25 minutes to finish. It is hard to imagine doing file translation of every single structure members manually which in total at least 22000 steel beams.5 Computing helps a project from design to construction. It makes design concepts harder and the process easier. It also means details are basically all done in computer. Ever since there is unclear things about at site construction, people can just print out a part drawings from the 3D model for guideline.
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ICD Research Pavilion
ICD/ ITKE Research Pavilion ICD/ ITKE University of Stuttgart, Germany,August 2011 The pavilion is a temporary, bionic research pavilion that made of wood. The project investigated the biological principles of the sea urchin’s plate skeleton morphology to be transferred as architectural form, by using computer-based design, simulation methods and computer-controlled manufacturing methods. On the basis of the complex geometries of the sea urchin and computer-based analysis, they found a new lightweight potential principle- 3 plate edges always meet together at just one point. Even the considerable size pavilion was only built with thin sheets of plywood which is only 6.5mm.6 With the success of this research, it shows the way of designers thinking is changed. In this project, there are architects and engineers. The origin of the project was started at explored the bionic principles and further developed until construction finished. Architects and engineers work together to control every detail in the project.
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1.0 Case for Innovation
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Parametric Modelling to architecture: Liberation or Stranglehold Parametric modeling is a digital process that is described by a finite set of parameters. The parametric scripting Grasshopper is written for convenience in computing. Every time there are variations of the parametric model, the related parameters will be self-adjusted. The parametric scripting makes points have connectivity and relationships between them. That results in an architectural framework in the design process. In my concerns, one of the advantages of parametric modeling is through the digital fabrication and manufacturing techniques, architects are engaging with the physical environment, rather than only in visual simulation. A parametric model, is not only the blueprint of the design, but also the blueprint of fabrication. So before preparing the documents for fabrication, designers allow to have numerous experiments with the design. It means the parameters of the model is assisting the fabrication process . It also means the construction process is also associated with the act of making architecture. When the relationship of designers and outcomes are closer, aesthetics and user experience are concerned. In a parametric model, fabrication details are determined, including structure and materials. The digital design process is precise and accurate so that the construction time and cost of the project can be estimated quite easily. Due to capitalism, clients have influences on the final outcome of the design work. So, parametric modeling has its negative impact on designing. 1
DESIGN STUDIO AIR Nordpark Cable Railways, Zaha Hadid, Innsbruck, Austria,2004-2007
DESIGN STUDIO AIR Buildings with no capacity to change can only become slums or ancient monuments2
Friendly Alien-Kun Sthau Peter Cook & Colin Fournier, Graz, Austria, 2003
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Nordpark Cable Railways Zaha Hadid, Innsbruck, Austria,2004-2007 The building is comprised of four new stations and a cable-stayed suspension bridge. Use the fluid language of natural ice formations and two contrasting elements “Shell & Shadow” generate each station’s spatial quality and describes the movement and circulation within the building, as the natural process is abstracted and described by architectural language. Use the fluid language-ice formations enables the shell structures to adjust to various parameters whilst maintaining a coherent formal logic; New production methods guaranteed a very precise and automatic translation of the computer generated design into the built structure;3
Friendly Alien-Kun Sthau Peter Cook & Colin Fournier, Graz, Austria, 2003 The Kun Sthaus is located in the historical neighborhood, the new biomorphic design seems symbolic for transformation from tradition to future architecture. The biomorph construction maximize the span distance up to 60 meters in width, just like a floating bubble of air. Its outer skin is a media facade which can be changed electronically. BIX is a matrix of 930 fluorescent lamps integrated into the eastern Plexiglas facade of the Kunsthaus. Films and animations can be displayed on the building skin. Thus the original architectural concept of the skin was radically redefined transforming the facade into a "communicative display skin".The Kun Sthaus facade as a display constitutes an extraordinary medium for presenting art and related informations. 4 Parametric architecture is believed to be the mainstream in the future. From these two precedents, we see different differences from the traditional buildings. The Friendly Alien is strongly contrasted to the surrounding built environments. From regular form to nowadays fluid and smooth form, architecture is also in the process of evolution.
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1.0 Case for Innovation
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Algorithmic Explorations Explorations with the Grasshopper, I usually start with watching the online videos and follow it to do once and mark notes. Beyond that, I will try to use Grasshopper to do some easy commends in Rhino which I knew before. But it is so much harder in Grasshopper, like extrude the curve. In Grasshopper, I like to play with the number slider because it always show me some surprising and complex forms. Like the figures shown here. Sometimes, it shapes the size, or sometimes the size and structure will change together. After 4 weeks exploratons in Grasshopper, I found the most important thing is to understand the commends and the principles behind.
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1.0 Case for Innovation
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2.0 Design Approach
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ZA11 Pavilion-CLJO2
MORNING LINE-RITCHIE,ARANDA/LASCH & ARUP AGU CANOPY-CADILLAC,ETAL.
CENTER FOR IDEAS-MINIFIE VAN SCHAIK VOLTADOM-SKYLAR TIBBITS
ICD RESEARCH PAVILION-ICD
SPANISH PAVILION- FOA
FALLEN STAR-AA DLAB
DESIGN STUDIO AIR Mind Map
Site Attributes -Rural Area: Natural Resources & Reservation -Built Environment: Highway -Traffic Flow & High Speed Movement
Rural Environment Protection
Architecture’s Impact on Environment Interaction Between Human & Nature
Biomimicry:Nature As A Solution
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Background of Wyndham City -Goals of Future Development: Growth, Diversity & Change -Local Community Full of Enthusiasm About Art & Gathering
Progressive
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2.0 Design Approach
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Fitness Criteria -Interruption : An Act of Delaying Or Interrupting The Continuity -Tendency: Expression Of High Speed & Movement -Fluid : Unique Characteristic Of Natural Form -Impression: Memorable Visual Experience
Technique 6
Technique 5
Technique 4
Technique 3
Technique 2
Technique 1
DESIGN STUDIO AIR Variable 1 Variable 2 Variable 3 Variable 4
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Technique 9
Technique 8
Technique 7
Variable 1
Variable 2
Variable 3
Variable 4
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2.0 Design Approach
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PROJECT Portrait Building LOCATION Old Carlton Brewery Site, Melbourne, VIC, Australia ARCHITECT ARM DEVELOPER Grocon YEAR 2010 -New development on the site of the old Carlton Brewery -The building’s facade is the face of indigenous leader and artist William Barak -As symbolic representation of Melbourne’s indigenous culture and history -The image of William Barak a homage to the First Australians, and recognition of the complementary history. -Intention to pay respect to both Barak and the Wurundjeri people as the traditional owners of Melbourne and the greater Melbourne region over many thousands of years -A strong and lasting contribution to the site and the city.
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2.0 Design Approach
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Technique 5
Technique 4
Technique 3
Technique 2
Technique 1
Variable 1
Variable 2
Variable 3
Variable 4
Variable 5
DESIGN STUDIO AIR Final Version
Base Geometry
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2.0 Design Approach
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DESIGN STUDIO AIR Figures Of The Easy Version Model & Unroll Strips
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Physical Model
DESIGN STUDIO AIR Construction Detail-Learning Precedents
PROJECT Rmit Design Hub LOCATION Melbourne, Australia ARCHITECT SGA YEAR 2012 -The connection of the metal plate
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Detailed Models
DESIGN STUDIO AIR Detail Drawings & Model Span Structure-Front View
Metal (External Layer)
GreenGlass(InternalLayer Joint between Metal
Span Structure-Plan View
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2.0 Design Approach
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Non-Achievements In Grasshopper Technique -Cones are all separated to each other and have no stable structure
Solution In Later Development -Create sub-structure or improve the technique to make the cones have intersection or connection
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2.0 Design Approach
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2.0 Design Approach
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Proposed Geometry, Use Of Color & Form Generation
Feedback
-Lack of design logic -Incomplete and unclear design concepts -Fail to represent and connect photosynthesis to the gateway design and others -Weak grasshopper technique that fail to fabricate the physical model
Proposed Improvement
-Rethinking geometry and photosynthesis in order to form a more convincing parametric approach -Better use of geometry,material(especially in light reflection) & solar panels to present the idea of photosynthesis -Rational form generation & redo the digital model
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3.0 Project Proposal
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Materiality- Light Reflection
Conceptual Design For Gateway Project
Diagram of Proposed Ideas About Tree System & Photosynthesis
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Technique 5
Technique 4
Technique 3
Technique 2
Technique 1
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Matrix Variable 1 Variable 2 Variable 3
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Variable 2
Variable 3
Technique 7
Technique 6
Variable 1
Definition 1-Creation of Mesh (Like Green Void) This section of definition creates the initial mesh, but lacks of flexibility.
Definition 2-Exoskeleton This definition creates base mesh from curves and uses exoskeleton
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DESIGN STUDIO AIR Matrix
Technique 4
Technique 3
Technique 2
Technique 1
Variable 1
Variable 2
Variable 3
Variable 4
Variable 5
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Four Fine Selections
Force Relaxation “Relax“ the input mesh created in the perivous definition & runs a physic simulation.
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Variable 2
Variable 3
Variable 6
Variable 7
Variable 8
Definition
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Geometric Elements of Trunk
Conclusion drawn from analysis of tree structure
Extended Upward
Twisted
Extended Side
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Technique 5
Technique 4
Technique 3
Technique 2
Technique 1
Variable 1
Variable 2
Variable 3
Variable 4
Variable 5
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Outcome Selected From The Matrix
DESIGN STUDIO AIR Original Mesh
Mesh-After Force Relaxation
Variable 1
Variable 2
Variable 3
Variable 7
Variable 8
Variable 9
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Selected Patterns From The Matrix 1.
Box Morphing With A Mesh
2.
DESIGN STUDIO AIR Materiality -Corten Steel Introduction of Corten Steel -Double the tensile strength of mild steel. -Weather resistance, paint durability, weldability, workability & reliability.
-Cor-ten begins to rust as ordinary steel without protection & soon a protective surface layer of f textured rust formed, which suppressing corrosion rate. -Unpainted application of Corten are attracting attention as being especially suited for resource s and environmental concerns. -Can be welded using either manual, gas-shield or submerged arc welding.
-Repeated wet-dry cycles are important to the weathering corten steel in the atmosphere in ord form protective rust. Climate of Wyndham City -Moderate weather. -Coastal City. -Significant diversion yearly & daily. -Appropriate humidity for corten steel shown by the rainfall graph.
Corrosion Rate in Coastal Area
Wyndham City Climate
Temperature- Monthly
DESIGN STUDIO AIR Corten Steel Application & Color Changes Corten Steel Application on Architecture
Parish Church of Santa Monica1 Architect: Vicens & Ramos Location: Rivas-Vaciamadrid, Madrid, Spain Project Year:2002-2008 Material: Corten Steel
Local Corten Application3 Amplitudes: -1200 mm in corten steel -2011 Toorak Village Sculpture Exhibition
DESIGN STUDIO AIR Design Concept
Tree Trunk -Strong & Variable Structure -Growth Interesting Contrast: Contradiction Tree Bark -Peeling off by time -Decay
Relation To Human & Nature -Damages caused by human in nature
Gateway Project
Vegetation in rural area lives with freed
Proposed Digital Design
The proposed gateway des connecting rural area and tions there are. For example concept is to create a hum sues. It is illustrating decayin by time. People should rea
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3.0 Project Proposal
DESIGN STUDIO AIR 1. Sculpture Fabrication
Illustrated the rib structure -Internal rib structure welded with pre-fabricated corten plate -Plate Thickness: 1.6mm -Radius: 20 cm
2. Concrete Footing
35 cm 50 cm 35 cm -Central part footing of the sculpture -Concrete panel dimensions: 150*150 cm - Footing & Pins: Fixed the sculpture on the ground
-Edge footings of the sculpture -Strip footing - Footing & Pins: Fixed the sculpture on the ground
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3.0 Project Proposal
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Improvement Through Prototype Process
S,
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1. The First Prototype
2.
2. Final Physical Model
Matrix of Thickness Changes(By T-Spline Rh S. :The selected thickness for second time f
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3.0 Project Proposal
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Site Plan
Location: Through site analysis, the sculpture is located on site B, near the gas station and buildings to gai
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Back View
Front View
Bottom View
Right View
Left View Top View
DESIGN STUDIO AIR Materiality:
Illustration of Color Changing Effects 0.5 months
1.5 months
5 years
0.5 y
22 years
DESIGN STUDIO AIR Animation
Link: Animation: Shadow:
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On Site Illustration
Phy
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3.0 Project Proposal
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