Oceans

OCEANS Isabel Mª Milla Marina Ramírez Sergio Utrero 3.4

INTRODUCTION !

On Earth, an ocean is one of the major conventional divisions of the World Ocean, which occupies two-thirds of the planet's surface. These are, in descending order by area, the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, and Arctic Oceans.

TEMPERATURE OF THE WATER !

Ocean currents greatly affect the Earth's climate by transferring heat from the tropics to the polar regions. Transferring warm or cold air and precipitation to coastal regions, where winds may carry them inland. Surface heat and freshwater fluxes create global density gradients that drive the thermohaline circulation part of large-scale ocean circulation. It plays an important role in supplying heat to the polar regions, and thus in sea ice regulation. Changes in the thermohaline circulation are thought to have significant impacts on the Earth's radiation budget.

In so far as the thermohaline circulation governs the rate at which deep waters reach the surface, it may also significantly influence atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations.

THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION

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Thermohaline circulation (THC) is a part of the large-scale ocean circulation that is driven by global density gradients created by surface heat and freshwater fluxes. The adjective thermohaline derives from thermo- referring to temperature and -haline referring to salt content, factors which together determine the density of sea water. Wind-driven surface currents (such as the Gulf Stream) travel polewards from the equatorial Atlantic Ocean, cooling en route, and eventually sinking at high latitudes (forming North Atlantic Deep Water). This dense water then flows into the ocean basins.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ File:Thermohaline_Circulation_using_Im proved_Flow_Field.ogv#file

STRANGE ANIMALS !

Surfing in the internet we found strange animals, that before it we didn’t know. Such as the Dumbo Octopus, named for its pair of prominent fins, is much smaller than its elephant namesake—it's only about 8 inches (20 centimeters) long—and dwells near the ocean floor at depths of up to 1,310 feet (400 meters). Like other octopuses, it has eight arms, but they are webbed and serve as swimming aids, supplementing the flapping of the giant fins. And it’s very cute!

ADVICES FOR TAKE CARE OUR OCEANS For end the work we think advices for take care our oceans: !

1. Mind Your Carbon Footprint and Reduce Energy Consumption

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2. Make Safe, Sustainable Seafood Choices

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3. Use Fewer Plastic Products

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4. Help Take Care of the Beach

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5. Don't Purchase Items That Exploit Marine Life

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6. Be an Ocean-Friendly Pet Owner

1. Mind Your Carbon Footprint and Reduce Energy Consumption Reduce the effects of climate change on the ocean by leaving the car at home when you can and being conscious of your energy use at home and work. A few things you can do to get started today: Switch to compact fluorescent light bulbs, take the stairs, and bundle up or use a fan to avoid oversetting your thermostat.

2. Make Safe, Sustainable Seafood Choices Global fish populations are rapidly being depleted due to demand, loss of habitat, and unsustainable fishing practices. When shopping or dining out, help reduce the demand for overexploited species by choosing seafood that is both healthful and sustainable.

3. Use Fewer Plastic Products Plastics that end up as ocean debris contribute to habitat destruction and entangle and kill tens of thousands of marine animals each year. To limit your impact, carry a reusable water bottle, store food in nondisposable containers, bring your own cloth tote or other reusable bag when shopping, and recycle whenever possible.

4. Help Take Care of the Beach Whether you enjoy diving, surfing, or relaxing on the beach, always clean up after yourself. Explore and appreciate the ocean without interfering with wildlife or removing rocks and coral. Go even further by encouraging others to respect the marine environment or by participating in local beach cleanups.

5. Don't Purchase Items That Exploit Marine Life Certain products contribute to the harming of fragile coral reefs and marine populations. Avoid purchasing items such as coral jewelry, tortoiseshell hair accessories (made from hawksbill turtles), and shark products.

6. Be an Ocean-Friendly Pet Owner Read pet food labels and consider seafood sustainability when choosing a diet for your pet. Never flush cat litter, which can contain pathogens harmful to marine life. Avoid stocking your aquarium with wild-caught saltwater fish, and never release any aquarium fish into the ocean or other bodies of water, a practice that can introduce non-native species harmful to the existing ecosystem.

LIFE IN OCEANS ! 

The world ocean is becoming increasingly important as a source of food resources. In its waters live near 180,000 animal species; including about 16,000 varieties of fish. Also there are approximately 10,000 species of plants, which are essential in the food chain of marine inhabitants. For all this, the ocean provides not only rich meats, but also other resources such as fish meal, with a high content of amino acids, vitamins and other elements that can be used for feeding livestock and poultry, and, indirectly, in the diet of man.

UTILITIES !

source of biological resources

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source of first materials

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important energy resource

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climate regulator

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add richness, development and they are the backbone of economic activities

First life on Earth •

Life on Earth started in the oceans, billions of years before anything lived on land.

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The biggest are whales, dolphins and sharks, but some of the most important are the phytoplankton.

Transport •

We have used the oceans for transport for thousands of years.

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Today we transport heavy goods or tourits.

Transporting â€˘â€ˆ

Ships are used for transport many kinds of things around the world. For example the oil, but sometimes they had accidents and this destroy and pollute the oceans.

Common Fisheries policy

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The CFP is a set of rules for managing European fishing fleets and for conserving fish stocks. Designed to manage a common resource, it gives all European fishing fleets equal access to EU waters and fishing grounds and allows fishermen to compete fairly.

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Stocks may be renewable, but they are finite. Some of these fishing stocks, however, are being overfished. As a result, EU countries have taken action to ensure the European fishing industry is sustainable and does not threaten the fish population size and productivity over the long term.

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The CFP was first introduced in the 1970s and went through successive updates, the most recent of which took effect on 1 January 2014.

One ocean programme ! 

Kristian Teleki is Head of the One Ocean Programme at the UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre. The One Ocean Programme seeks to synthesise, analyse and disseminate marine and coastal biodiversity knowledge, which not only provides the basis for decision making, but advances the understanding and debate regarding the sustainable use and development of marine and coastal goods and services. It liberates and gives direct, applied relevance to the data and knowledge it accumulates and assesses in order to assist UNEP and other partners to respond appropriately to current and emerging issues of importance for the marine environment, such as, amongst others, climate change, the high and deep seas, marine protects areas, sustainable livelihoods, and the economic valuation of marine and coastal services.

World ocean day !

World Oceans Day, held every June 8th, is the UN-recognized day of ocean celebration and action. People all over our blue planet organize celebrations – which can be a huge event in your community, a special announcement, or anything in between – to support action to protect the ocean. This year, the theme is Healthy oceans, healthy planet,and we’re making a special effort to stop plastic pollution.