Hyper-V morgunverðarfundur
Björgvin Arnar Björgvinsson Hjörleifur Kristinsson
Customer Challenges: With Less, Do More
VS.
What CEOs Are Saying: Virtualization Trends
Source: Barclays Capital CIO Survey, May 2009
Microsoft’s Vision Enabling IT Pros and Development Teams Across the IT Lifecycle
Move from Physical to Logical Managed by policy State-aware, Self-healing Available, secure and real-time
Completely Services-based Federated and connected On-premise, off-premise, hosted Efficient dev-to-IT operations
Virtualization Virtualization isisa a Key Driver Key Driver ower
ncrease
CO
vailability
mprove Business Agility
System Center Datacenter Management Lower the cost of delivering datacenter services through integrated, end-to-end management of physical and virtual environments with SMSD/SMSE
Data Protection & Recovery
Configuration Management
Server Compliance
End-To-End Monitoring
(Physical & Virtual)
Adapting to Market: Datacenter Evolution
Microsoft Virtualization Products Server Virtualization
Application Virtualization
Remote Desktop Services
Desktop Virtualization
“Having one vendor for the hypervisor, operating system, and much of our application software was very appealing to us from a support and cost perspective.” Bert Van Pottelberghe, Sales Director, Hostbasket
User State Virtualization Document Redirection and Offline Files
Virtualized Workloads Microsoft supports our key server applications in a virtualized environment Microsoft has updated server workload licensing to enable virtualization mobility Management of the workloads is key, not just the virtual machine
http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx/kb/957006
Windows Server 2008 R2 Hyper-V Building on rock solid Windows Server 2008 Hyper-V architecture Over 400 case studies from customers worldwide: SMB, Branch to Enterprise (www.microsoft.com/virtualization) Over 1 million downloads of Hyper-V RTM in 12 months Fastest growing bare metal hypervisor in x86 history
Microsoft.com powered by Hyper-V since V1 Beta ~15,000 requests per second Over 40 million hits per day Over 1.2 billion page hits per month
Enabling new dynamic scenarios: Dynamic Data Center Virtualized Centralized Desktop
Windows Server 2008 R2 Hyper-V Live Migration New Processor Support
New Features
Improved Performance Lower Power Costs
Enhanced scalability Greater VM Density Lower TCO
Networking Enhancements Improve Performance 10 Gb/E Ready
Dynamic VM Capabilities Enhancements to Server Core Ease Management Lower TCO
Hyper-V Storage Options Parent/Physical view DAS: SCSI, SATA, eSATA, USB, Firewire SAN: iSCSI, Fibre Channel, SAS Shared, block based required for cluster and Live Migration NAS is not supported
Guest View DAS: virtual SCSI, virtual IDE iSCSI direct via software initiator Required for guest cluster
Hyper-V Storage Options for VM’s Hyper-V enabled host
SAN
Parent partition
LUN
LUN
DAS C:\
VHD
FC / iSCSI/ SAS
FC / iSCSI/ SAS
LUN
DAS*) LUN *)
Pass through
Pass through
iSCSI Direct for data disk and cluster**)
Disk offline in parent
**)
D:\
E:\
VH M:\ D
*)
Child partition
Boot with PXE based iSCSI solutions is supported
F:\ G:\
Hyper-V Storage Recommendations Spindles, Spindles, Spindles Use MPIO for redundancy and performance Production environments Fixed / pass through / dynamic expanding disk*) Distribute I/O over multiple disks/groups Dedicated SAN network
Test and Development Fixed / pass through / dynamic expanding disk Differencing disks VM snapshots Ideally: dedicated SAN network *)
Watch free space on LUN
Migration & Storage Windows Server 2008 R2 Hyper-V NEW Cluster Shared Volume (CSV) CSV provides a single consistent file name space All Windows Server 2008 R2 servers see the same storage Easy setup; Uses NTFS No reformatting SANs Create one big data store No more drive letter problems Existing tools just work
Cluster Shared Volumes All servers “see” the same storage
CSV Compatibility It Just Works No special hardware requirements No file type restrictions No directory structure or depth limitations No special agents or additional installations No proprietary file system Uses well established traditional NTFS
Doesn’t suffer from numerous VMFS limitations such as…
Comparing VMFS & CSV
Advanced Storage Capabilities Is there a Hyper-V Storage Certification? What about storage De-duplication? What about Storage Replication?
Hyper-V is compatible with block based deduplication and replication solutions that are certified for Windows Server 2008/2008 R2. Solutions from: NetApp, HP, EMC, Hitachi, NEC, Compellent and more… www.windowsservercatalog.com
Live Migration #1 Customer Request Moving a virtual machine from one server to another without loss of service Guest OS is unaware of the migration Maintain TCP connections of the guest OS VM is treated as a black box Building block for Dynamic Data Center through business agility, cost reduction and increase in productivity
Enables new dynamic scenarios Load balancing VMs via policy
Key Scenario: Host Servicing
Live Migrate VMs from Source to Destination
Service Source – Patching or Hardware Servicing, no downtime seen by VMs on Destination
Live Migrate VMs from back from Destination to Source
No workload downtime during maintenance window
Live Migration: How It Works reate VM on target server 1.
opy memory pages from the source to the target via Ethernet Final state transfer a) b)
1.
Pause virtual machine Move storage connectivity from source host to target host via Ethernet
Run new VM on target; Delete VM on source
Host 1
Host 2
Blue = Storage Yellow = Networking
Shared Storage
64 Logical Processor Support Overview 4x improvement over Hyper-V V1 Hyper-V can take advantage of larger scale-up systems with greater amount of compute resources
Up to 384 Running Virtual Machines & Support for up to 512 Virtual Processors (VPs) PER SERVER 384 single VP VMs OR 256 dual VP VMs (512 Virtual Processors) OR 128 quad VP VMs (512 Virtual Processors) OR any combination so long as you're running up to 384 VMs and up to 512 Virtual Processors
Processor Compatibility Mode Overview Allows live migration across different CPU versions within the same processor family (i.e. Intel-to-Intel and AMD-to-AMD). Does NOT enable cross platform from Intel to AMD or vice versa.
Configure compatibility on a per-VM basis. Abstracts the VM down to the lowest common denominator in terms of instruction sets available to the VM.
• Benefits • •
Greater flexibility within clusters Enables migration across a broader ranger of Hyper-V host hardware
Cluster Example Hardware: 4 Generations of Intel VT Processors 4 Node Cluster using 1 Gb/E iSCSI
Test: Created script to continuously Live Migrate VMs every 15 seconds Result: 20,000+ Migrations in a week!
Forward & Backward Compatibility How Does it Work? When a VM is started the hypervisor exposes guest visible processor features With Processor Compatibility Enabled, the guest processors is normalized and the following processors features are “hidden” from the VM
Windows Server 2008 R2 Core Parking Overview Scheduling virtual machines on a single server for density as opposed to dispersion This allows “park/sleep” cores by putting them in deep C states
Benefits Enhances Green IT by reducing CPU power consumption
Windows Server 2008 R2 Core Parking 16 LP Server
Hyper-V R2 Networking 10 Gb/E Ready Chimney Support (10Gb/E) TCP/IP traffic in a VM can be offloaded to a physical NIC on the host computer. Reduce CPU burden; Live Migration is fully supported with Full TCP Offload Works best with long-lived connections with large data transfers
VMQ Support (10Gb/E) NIC can DMA packets directly into VM memory Host no longer has device DMA data in its own buffer resulting in a shorter path length for I/O (performance gain)
Jumbo Frame Support (1 Gb/E & 10 Gb/E) Enables 6x larger payload per packet Improves throughput Reduce CPU utilization of large file transfers
Hyper-V networking architecture Learning layer 2 switch Enables VLAN scenarios Data packets get sorted and routed to respective VMs by the VM Switch Synthetic NICs provide low overhead connection to VM switch
Parent Partition Virtual Machine Virtual Machine Switch (VSP) Switch Routin Routing, VLAN Filtering, Data g Copy VLAN P P filterin o o g r r DataPort t Port t 1 Copy 2 2 1
VM1
VM2
TCP /IP
TCP /IP
VM NIC 1
VM NIC 2
Miniport Driver
VMBUS VMBUS NIC
Hyper-V networking architecture with VMQ Parent Partition Virtual Machine Virtual Machine Switch (VSP) Switch Routin Routing, VLAN Filtering, Data g Copy VLAN P P filterin o o g r r DataPort 2 t Port t 1 Copy 2 1
VM1
VM2
TCP/I P
TCP/I P
VM NIC 1
VM NIC 2
Miniport Driver
Default Queue
Data packets get sorted into multiple queues in the Ethernet Controller based on MAC Address and/or VLAN tags Sorted and queued data packets are then routed to the VMs by the VM Switch Enables the data packets to DMA directly into the VMs Removes data copy between the memory of the Management OS and the VM’s memory
Q1Q2
Switch/Routing NICunit
VMBUS VMBUS
Jumbo Frames Offers significant performance for TCP connections including iSCSI Max frame size 9K Reduces TCP/IP overhead by up to 84% Must be enabled at all end points (switches, NICs, target devices) Virtual switch is defined as an end point Virtual NIC is defined as an end point
Network Configuration Standard Production Configuration Separate private network of at least 1Gb for Live Migration Separate private network for cluster and CSV Separate public network for management OS Separate private network for storage (iSCSI) Separate public networks for VMs
What if I only have 2 NICs? Both NICS preferably should be 10Gb 1 NIC for Live Migration & CSV/Cluster 1 NIC for management and VM Traffic
Interoperability Interoperability agreements with Novell and Citrix (Xen) to support Linux on Hyper-V
“DHMC runs both Windows Server 2008 and Windows Server 2003 as guest operating systems under Hyper-V, as well as Linux. To date, DHMC has virtualized Web servers, sites on Microsoft Office SharePoint® Server 2007, reporting servers, medical applications, domain controllers, file and print servers, Citrix servers, and more.” Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center Case Study
SVVP (Server Virtualization Validation Program) to certify nonMicrosoft Hypervisors for Microsoft Support System Center Operations Manager supports monitoring of non-Windows, including Linux System Center Virtual Machine Manager manages VMware ESX servers
Microsoft Contributes to Linux In July ‘09, Microsoft contributed over 20,000 lines of code to the Linux kernel under GPL v2 Drivers to enhance performance Synthetic Disk Synthetic Networking VMBus
August ‘09: Microsoft Drivers Included in Linus Torvalds Official Kernel (v2.6.32)
Don't forget the ICs! Emulated vs. VSC
What’s new in VMM 2008 R2 Support for new Windows Server 2008 R2 features Live migration Support for CFS (Clustered Shared Volumes and 3rd party solutions) Hot add/remove of VHDs, Pass-through disks
Maintenance mode Evacuate VMs from host using Live migration
Storage Enhancements Storage Vmotion Support Quick Storage Migration w/Hyper-V Enhanced Migration of VMs for clusters
Rapid Provisioning of Virtual Machines
A centralized, heterogeneous management solution for the virtual datacenter Maximize Resources Centralized virtual machine deployment and management for Hyper-V, Virtual Server, and VMware ESX servers Intelligent placement of Virtual Machines Fast and reliable P2V and V2V conversion Comprehensive application and servicelevel monitoring with Operations Manager Integrated Performance and Resource Optimization (PRO) of VMs
Increase Agility Rapid provisioning of new and virtual machines with templates Centralized library of infrastructure components Leverage and extend existing storage infrastructure and clusters Allow for delegated management and access of VMs
Leverage Skills Familiar interface, common foundation Monitor physical and virtual machines from one console Fully scriptable using Windows PowerShell
Live Migration via VMM Detects if Live migration can be done Clustering, Shared storage availability
Serializes live migration for maintenance mode If host is already in participating in a live migration Retries the migration in the background Exponential back-off between retries Stops retries after a max timeout (15 mins)
Makes it easy to queue up multiple simultaneous live migrations
SCVMM and VMware Integration VMM is the “Manager of Managers.” SCVMM serves the needs of the day to day administrator VMM can manage multiple VirtualCenters
How SCVMM Manages VMware VMware Infrastructure Web Services APIs Managing via Virtual Center API provides for cross ESX host operations. E.g. Vmotion
File Operations SFTP File operations on ESX 3.0 and 3.5 HTTPS File operations ESX 3i
VMware Virtual Infrastructure 3 VMware VirtualCenters VMware VirtualCenter 2.5
VMware ESX Hosts VMware ESX 3.5 VMware ESX 3.0.2 VMware ESX Server 3i
What about VI4? VMM 2008 R2 supports management of vSphere 4 hosts, with a VI3 feature set
IntegratedEnvironments Separate Solution Virtual Machine Manager 2008 Virtual Center 1
Virtual Center 2
VMM 2008 R2
Virtual Center 2
Virtual Center 1
VMware Template Support Store VMware Templates in VMM library VMM imports templates using a “move.”
Integrated Conversion Tools Physical to Virtual (P2V) and Virtual to Virtual (V2V) integrated in VMM Use the P2V wizard to convert the running guest operating system inside the VMware VM to a Hyper-V VM Use the V2V wizard to convert a VM that is on an ESX host to a Hyper-V VM Put the VMware VM in the library and use the V2V wizard to convert it to a Hyper-V VM VMware VMs can be placed in the library by copying the VMDK and VMX files into the library share and refreshing it from the Administrator Console
Orchestrate mass conversions to Hyper-V using VMM and Power Shell Leverages Intelligent Placement
Network Diagram View Single pane of glass network view
Powershell Automation Cross platform automation Any cmdlet works on all supported platforms
Standardize scripts and procedures Build value-add tools using higher level languages (e.g. C#) Use Library to organize, share and run all scripts Powershell scripts available at the end of each wizard.
Rapid Provisioning Sample Script PS C: \ > Get - VMMSer ver - Comput er Name " VMMSer ver 1. Cont oso. com" PS C: \ > $J obGr oupI D = [ Gui d] : : NewGui d( ) . ToSt r i ng( ) PS C: \ > $Templ at e = Get - Templ at e | wher e { $_. Name - eq My Templ at e" } PS C: \ > $VMHost = Get - VMHost | wher e { $_. Name - eq " VMHost . Cont oso. com" } PS C: \ > Move- Vi r t ual Har dDi sk - I DE - BUS 0 - LUN 0 - Pat h " L: \ OS. VHD" - JobGr oup $JobGr oupI D PS C: \ > New- VM - Name " VM06" - Pat h " L: \ " - Templ at e $Templ at e - VMHost $VMHost - JobGr oup - $J obGr oupI D - UseLocal Vi r t ual Har dDi sks
Storage Migration VMM R2 adds support for Quick Storage Migration Migrate VM to a different location with minimal downtime On same Host or different host
VMM R2 also enables VMWare storage vMotion Feature Storage agnostic
Quick Storage Migration VMWare Storage vMotion Yes No (requires VMFS)
VM downtime
< 2 mins
< 2 sec
Migration of VMs with snapshots
Yes
No
Requires access to both No source and target storage
Yes
Migrate VM to different Yes host along with migrating storage
No
Quick Storage Migration Disk 1
Disk 2
1. Create Checkpoint – Now R/W to Diff Disk 2. Copy VHD to Disk 2 3. Pause VM and Transfer Diff Disk to Disk 2 4. Apply Diff Disk 5. Start VM, Clean up Original
Maintenance Mode VMM R2 Allows Host Servers To Be Put Into a Maintenance Mode Useful for Servicing Hardware, Software or Power Energy Management If Host Is Clustered VMs Running On The Host Are Automatically Live Migrated To Other Hosts If Host Is Standalone Admin Can Choose To Save State or Shutdown VMs
Placement Host in maintenance mode gets zero star ratings
Supported for Hyper-V, Virtual Server and VMWare Hosts
Enter Maintenance Mode Apply to all host and host clusters Two options Save-state (no migration) Live-migrate all running HA VMs and savestate for non-HA running VMs
In Maintenance Mode When host is in maintenance mode, Host state is not monitored; No VM creation is allowed; No VM can be moved into the host; Host is excluded from any placement.
What can users do? Request to remove host; Request to start / stop VMs; Request to change host properties; Request to move VM out of the host; …
Exit Maintenance Mode When host is taken out of maintenance mode, The next host refresher will update host to its current state; No VM is auto-migrated back; No VM is auto-restarted; Host is now available for placement.
Hot Add of VM storage Ability to add/remove storage to running VMs Reduces downtime and provides flexibility to admins to add/remove storage as needed
Admin needs to add storage space to VM He would need to stop the VM to do this With VMM R2 and Win2k8 R2 Admin can create additional storage and add it to running VM
Admin needs to backup a VM Can create VSS snapshot of his running OS Use the new disk as destination of snapshot Remove the disk from running VM
Disjoint domains Host has different FQDN in AD and DNS For example: server name is foo FQDN in AD: foo.domain.contoso.com FQDN in DNS: foo.contoso.com
For Kerberos authentication, SPN needs to be created for DNS Name VMM 2008 Required custom SPN to be manually configured in AD
VMM 2008 R2 Automatically creates custom SPN for DNS name AD needs to be configured to give permissions to VMM for SPN read/write permissions
Hyper-V Server 2008 R2
Targeted virtualization SKU based on Hyper-V technology Intuitive use and easy setup Flash based OEM solution or traditional install Full featured and production ready Cluster and live migration support included Large memory (1TB) support
Microsoft Hyper-V Server Architecture Microsoft Hyper-V Server 2008 R2 Microsoft Hyper-V Server
Parent Partition
Windows or Linux
Windows or Linux
Windows Hypervisor
Hardware
Contains hypervisor and other components, including base kernel and driver technologies.
Hyper-V, Feature of Windows Server 2008 R2 Hyper-V
Windows (Parent Partition)
Windows or Linux
Windows or Linux
Windows Hypervisor
Hardware
Available as a role in Server Core or full installation of Windows Server 2008 R2
Hjörleifur Kristinsson
Live Migration $$ Comparison
For $500 add VMM 2008 R2 (Workgroup Edition) to manage MS Hyper-V Server R2: •Physical to Virtual Conversion (P2V); Quick Storage Migration; Library Management; •Heterogeneous Management; PowerShell Automation; Self-Service Portal and more…
Hyper-V vs. Vmware
Unlimited Virtualization with Datacenter Virtual Sessions Per License
Unlimited .. 32 16 8 4
1 Standard Includes host OS: YES
Enterprise YES
Datacenter YES
Datacenter Edition makes licensing Windows Server for Virtual Machines easy. Simply license the processors. No need to count, track, or license the virtual machines.