14 18
19 20
Villers-Saint-Gertrude SeptonDurbuy Durbuy Barvaux-Sur-Ourthe
Grandhan
Liège
Towards
Namur-Bruxelles N4
Héd
Harsin
Charneux
Fourneau Awenne Saint-Michel
9
Lesse
Lomm
bes Gem
Our
Traduction : Michel Baert 4. H,T, of the Land of Houffalize - La Roche-en-Ardenne Houffalize, La Roche Place du Marché, 15 B-6980 La Roche-en-Ardenne +32 (0)84/36 77 36 www.coeurdelardenne.be 5. H,T, of the Land of Haute-Lesse Daverdisse, Libin, Tellin, Wellin Place de l’Esro, 60 B-6890 Redu (Libin) +32 (0)61/65 66 99 www.haute-lesse.be 6. H,T, of the Land of Saint-Hubert Libramont, St-Hubert, Tenneville Rue Saint-Gilles, 12 B-6870 Saint-Hubert +32 (0)61/61 30 10 www.saint-hubert-tourisme.be
10. H,T, of the Land of Semois entre Ardenne et Gaume Chiny, Florenville, Herbeumont Esplanade du Panorama, 1 B-6820 Florenville +32 (0)61/31 12 29 www.semois-tourisme.be 11. H,T, of the Land of Gaume Etalle, Meix-devant-Virton, Musson, Rouvroy, St-Léger, Tintigny, Virton Rue des Grasses Oies, 2b B-6760 Virton +32 (0)63/57 89 04 www.soleildegaume.be 12. H,T, of the Land of Arlon Arlon, Attert, Aubange, Martelange, Messancy Rue des Faubourgs, 2 B-6700 Arlon +32 (0)63/21 94 54 www.arlon-tourisme.be
E411
ine
s
Bertrix Bertrix
Auby-s/Semois Les Hayons
Bouillon
Bouillon
Vier
re
Saint-Medard
Dohan
Longlier
Herbeumont Herbeumont
Hamipré
Laiche Chassepierre
Chiny
Fontenoille
Lacuisine
Florenville Cemeteries Martyred villages Itineraries
Motorways National roads Train Town names Monuments Roadside crossesPietas Chapels
The itineraries Anlier
Florenville
Florenville
Izel
Habay-la-Vieille
Ansart
Saint-Vincent
Hachy
Villers-sur-Semois
Villersla-Loue Houdrigny Sommethonne
Saint-Léger
Vire
Belmont Ethe
Virton Virton Saint-Mard Harnoncourt
Rouvroy Rouvroy Torgny
the Land of Arlon
Meix-Le-Tige Châtillon
Saint-Léger
Robelmont
Towards Luxembourg City E411
Latour
Bleid
Messancy
Mussy-la-ville
Grandcourt
Baranzy
Halanzy
Musson Musson
Autelbas
Museum
Messancy
Aubange
Signeulx Ruette
Hondelange
Habergy
Rachecourt
Laclaireau Gomery
Discovery Museums and History 1914 - 1918 The Great War
Toernich
Chantemelle
Wolkrange
Meix-devant-Virton Meix-devant-Virton
• Manhay - Erezée • Musson-VirtonTintigny-Etalle • Neufchâteau • Ochamps - Luchy • Rossignol
Headings
Seymerich Waltzing
Arlon Arlon
• Anloy • Arlon • Bertogne • Durbuy • Latour -Gomery-Mussy • Léglise
For further information : www.luxembourg-tourisme.be
Huombois Buzenol
Gérouville
Lamorteau
Guirsch
Freylange
Etalle
the Land of Gaume
Dampicourt Montquintin
Heinsch
Vance
Etalle
Tontelange Bonnert
Sampont
SainteMariesur-Semois Poncelle Fratin Bellefontaine
France
ert A tt Metzert Lischert
Thiaumont
Tintigny Tintigny
Lahage
Abbaye D'orval Villers-devant-Orval
E411
Houdemont
Attert
Attert
Nobressart
Habay Habay Habay-la-Neuve
Rulles
Breuvanne
Jamoigne
Nothomb Post
Termes
Les Bulles
Luxembourg
Martelange
Thibessart
Rossignol
Semois
Grand-Duché de
Martelange
Marbehan
Prouvy
CAPTION
Radelange
Léglise
the Land of Semois entre Ardenne et Gaume
Chiny
René Collin, Provincial Deputy President of the Tourist Federation of Belgian Luxembourg
Fauvillers Fauvillers
Léglise
Les Fossés
Belgium really worships its heroes. Throughout the Kingdom, street names,commemorative plaques, monuments, bear witness to the courage and patriotism of numerous civilian and military victims.
14 18
the Land of Bastogne
the Land of Forêt d’Anlier
Suxy
Muno
19 20
Witry
Mellier
Semois
Lambermont
Tintange
Volaiville
Ebly
Assenois
Straimont
Welcome on the paths of our collective memory!
Sûre
Sainte-Cécile
The monuments and commemorative plaques
Hollange
Nives
Juseret
Warmifontaine Montplainchamps Nôlinfaing
Cugnon Mortehan
Towards Sedan N89
The commemorative plaques or medallions are placed on public or private buildings and remind us of particular events. Capital cities have their “unknown soldier” monument whilst villages have their monuments in tribute to their dead.
Villers-la-Bonne-Eau
Vaux-les-Rosières
Vaux-sur-Sûre Vaux-sur-Sûre
Molinfaing
Neufchâteau Neufchâteau
Petitvoir
Ale
Noirefontaine
The logo suggested by the Provincial College wishes to assemble the population of Belgian Luxembourg and those it will welcome, in a surge of respect, vigilance and hope.
Clochimont
Verlaine Tournay
the Land of Bouillon
Monuments are erected by the communities, the families or associations of veterans. They commemorate the victims of the war on the territory of the village or who died elsewhere, executed, killed in action or later from their wounds or sickness.
Sibret Morhet
Tronquoy
Fays-les-veneurs
N89 Corbion
9. H,T, of the Land of Forêt d’Anlier Habay, Léglise, Neufchâteau Maison Bourgeois - Grand Place, 3 B-6840 Neufchâteau +32 (0)61/27 50 88 www.foret-anlier-tourisme.be
Remagne Freux
Libramont-Chevingny Libramont-Chevingny
Luchy
Orgeo
Wiltz Benonchamps
Harzy Wardin
Marvie
Neuvillers Saint-Pierre
Jehonville
Bellevaux
Ucimont Botassart
Mageret
Neffe
Assenois
Frahan Rochehaut
Bizory
Bastogne Bastogne
es
Fédération touristique du Luxembourg belge ASBL Quai de l’Ourthe, 9 6980 La Roche-en-Ardenne Tél.: +32 (0)84/411 011 Fax : +32 (0)84/412 439 www.luxembourg-tourisme.be
Photos : ©FTLB/P.Willems, ©M. Laurent, ©P.Dumont, ©G.Fairon, ©J.Brisy, ©Cercles historiques : Neufchâteau, Libin ©Maisons du tourisme : Ourthe et Aisne, Vielsalm-Gouvy, Saint-Hubert, Marche-Nassogne, Gaume, © Office de tourisme : Libramont, ©Communes : Manhay, Neufchâteau, Rendeux ©Archives de l’État à Arlon, Fonds Tijenke Dagnelie 3. H,T, of the Land of Marche and Nassogne Marche, Nassogne Place de l’Etang, 15 B-6900 Marche-en-Famenne +32 (0)84/34 53 27 www.tourisme-marche-nassogne.be
Houmont
Sainte-Marie-Chevigny
Offagne Nollevaux
Longvilly
Monnaville
Sainte-Ode Sainte-Ode
Rull
Carlsbourg
Poupehan
8. H,T, of the Land of Bouillon Bouillon, Bertrix, Paliseul Quai des Saulx, 12 B-6830 Bouillon +32 (0)61/46 52 11 www.bouillon-tourisme.be
Champs
Flamierge
the Land of Saint-Hubert
Ochamps
Paliseul Paliseul
This map realised by the Tourist Federation of Belgian Luxembourg is not exhaustive of the events that struck our territory nor of the current actions taken to remind us of them. It’s contents will be enriched by the numerous efforts made in many places to offer conferences, re-enactments, memory or other itineraries. The website www.luxembourg-tourisme.be will inform you on the actions taken and new realisations.
Bourcy
e
2. H,T, of the Land of Vielsalm and Gouvy Vielsalm, Gouvy Avenue de la Salm, 50 B-6690 Vielsalm +32 (0)80/21 50 52 www.vielsalm-gouvy.be
Givroulle
Amberloup
Bras
Villance
Framont
German
7. H,T, of the Land of Bastogne Bastogne, Bertogne, Fauvillers, Ste-Ode, Vaux-Sur-Sûre Place McAuliffe, 60 B-6600 Bastogne +32 (0)61/21 27 11 www.paysdebastogne.be
Lavacherie
Longchamps
Opont
HOUSES OF TOURISM 1. H,T, of the Land of Ourthe & Aisne Durbuy, Erezée, Hotton, Manhay, Rendeux Grand’Rue, 16 B-6940 Barvaux-sur-Ourthe +32 (0)86/21 35 00 www.ourthe-et-aisne.be
Noville
N4
Moircy
Anloy
• Neufchâteau « Malome » : 289 /189 and 173 unknown soldiers. • Luchy : 273 /254 • Anloy « Bruyères » : 593 /1012 • Maissin « Pierre Massé » : 286 /513 and two ossuary with 3001 unknown
Compogne
Vesqueville
Transinne
Libin Libin Our
Bertogne Bertogne
Hatrival
The centennial of the 14-18 war already arouses interest and fancy all over Europe. In Belgian Luxembourg, numerous authorities and associations have started work on various commemorative initiatives, thus seeking to reinforce the duty of memory and better make known where and how the Great War struck our populations.
Mabompré
Laneuville-au-Bois
Saint-Hubert
Glaireuse
Houffalize Houffalize Tavigny
Trois-Villes
Gouvy Gouvy Limerlé
Mont
Engreux
Erneuville Cens
Tenneville Tenneville
Grupont
Saint-Hubert
Maissin
Wibrin
the Landthofe Houffalize Our & La Roche-en-Ardenne
Ortho
Champlon
Mirwart
Redu
Buisson
Mierchamps Journal
Daverdisse
Cherain
Beausaint Hives
Nassogne Nassogne
Arville Lorcy
Daverdisse
Montleban Bérisménil Nadrin
Ambly
Chanly
the Land of Haute-Lesse
Porcheresse
Halleux
Bande
N8
Halma
Lomprez Sohier
Bovigny Salm
Les Tailles
the Land of Vielsalm & Gouvy
Roche-en-Ardenne LaLa Roche-en-Ardenne
Lignières
Masbourg
TellinTellin
Salmchateau
Cielle
Lesterny
Bure
Baraque De Fraiture
Samrée
E25
Editeur responsable : Sabine Vandermeulen, Directeur FTLB s.vandermeulen@ftlb.be
e
Wellin Wellin
Marcourt
rée
Lomm
The cemeteries
Odeigne
Ville-du-Bois
Bihain
Grune
Forrières
Vielsalm
Dochamps
Warisy
Roy
Wa m m e
On
Lafosse
Vielsalm Malempré
Oster
Beffe
Chéoux
Waha Marloie
Manhay Manhay
Rendeux Rendeux
Marche-en-Famenne
the Land of Marche & Nassogne
the
Grandménil Vaux-Chavanne
Briscol
Amonines
Our
Marche-en-Famenne
Humain
Namur-Bruxelles E411
French
Erezée Erezée
Marenne
Aye
Towards
la grande guerre - 100 ansOF d’histoire THE GREAT WAR – 100 YEARS HISTORY LUXEMBOURG BELGE inen BELGIAN LUXEMBOURG
Petit-Thier
S
Haut-Fays
Grand-Talleux
Mormont
Fanzel
Oppagne
Hotton Werpin Hotton
Hargimont
• Baranzy : 454 /511 • Ethe : 320 • Virton « Bellevue » : 288 /1316 and ossuary with unknown soldiers : 2139 /306 • Houdrigny : 323 • Bellefontaine « Le Radan » : 527 /298 • Rossignol « Orée de la forêt » : 2500 of which 2379 unknown • Rossignol « Plateau » : less than 738
Biron
Soy
E
In 1915, France forbid any exhumation or transport of bodies of soldiers killed on the front line while the Germans authorized their return to the homeland. In 1916, the German administration conceives the first military burial grounds. In 1920, 30 to 40 % of the French dead are returned to their native land, on their families’ request. The victims will then be assembled in a few burial grounds to guarantee their memory. From 58 cemeteries in 18-20, 25 in 1931, the bodies are regrouped since 1955 in 11 cemeteries. Today, the cemeteries don’t correspond to the reality of the combats because the regrouping did not take into consideration the various battlefields and many bodies have been repatriated.
Chêne-al-Pierre
Wéris
Petit-Han
Fronville
N
Are shown on the map what is named military cemeteries. After the battles, the burials must be done fast. The civilian population is requisitioned to bury the dead in communal graves. Civilians and military are interred close to the combat zones or in the village cemeteries.
Heyd
N4
Namur
O
Harre
Deulin the Land of Ourthe & Aisne
Bruxelles
The executed civilians ✝ Buildings
Battle of the Frontiers
Izier
Bomal Ozo
Tohogne
Aisne
Longlier : 35 Musson : 12✝ and 118 Mussy-la-ville : 13✝ and 55 Neufchâteau : 23✝ and 21 Ochamps : 5✝ and 10 Offagne : 13✝ and 22 Porcheresse : burnt down Rossignol : 120✝ and 72 St-Léger : 11✝ and 6 Tintigny : 63✝ and 183
Anloy : 49✝ and 32 Baranzy : 27✝ and 86 Bertrix : 11✝ and 4 Briscol : 11✝ and 16 Ethe : 211✝ and 256 Freylange : 38 Hamipré : 9✝ Herbeumont : burnt down Houdemont : 11✝ and 68 Izel : 20✝ and 164 Latour : 71✝
Borlon Palenge
Between the 21 and 26 August, over 867 civilians are executed in Belgian Luxembourg, close to 1000 if the dead of the frontier zone are counted. The massacres are perpetrated by the 4th and 5th German Armies (the 3rd in the North). These cruelties bear witness to the German myth of the existence of « snipers » that had to be dealt with immediately to protect the troops. They considered each inhabitant (woman, elderly person, child) as a potential sharpshooter. The « German atrocities » are also the voluntary destruction of villages, the execution of prisoners, the plundering and the many hostages deported to camps. These will suffer bad treatments, lack of hygiene and food.
Liège E25
Houmart
Bende-Jenneret
the great war – 100 years of history in belgian luxembourg
Mellier
The martyred villages
Towards
Aubange
Guerlange Athus
La guerre 14-18 en Gaume Rue Baillet Latour, 24 6761 Latour Tél : 063/57.01.15 063/57.77.58 GSM : 0496/71.29.90
Part of the museum is also dedicated to the BailletLatour family and to the regiment of « dragons de Latour ». Guided visits upon reservation Opening times and tariff : www.villagedelatour.be
Nieuport Calais
July 28 July : start of the war in the Balkans. August 2 August : entry of the German troops in Luxembourg. German ultimatum to neutral Belgium Request for passage of their army on our territory. 3 August : rejection of the ultimatum. Belgium is prepared to resist. War declaration by Germany to France. 4 August : war declaration to Belgium and German invasion with, as final objective, Paris. Great Britain enters the war.
First mention of « German atrocities » upon civilians. 7 August : first contacts between French and German cavalry in Belgian Luxembourg. 16 August : fall of the last fort of the Liège defensive belt. 17 August : retreat of the Belgian troops and departure of the government to Antwerp. 20 August : Joffre engages the 3rd and 4th French armies in Belgian Luxembourg. The Germans reach a line going from Dinant to Neufchâteau. The Germans enter Brussels. 20-23 August : The battle of the frontiers.
Arras
Som
me
14 18 CAPTION
19 20
Amiens
Allied armies
Langle
German armies
Compiègne
Front stabilised on 1 November Axis of the German offensive Counter-offensive (battle of the Marne)
Sein
6
e
Occupied Allied territories Occupied Allied territories Belgium
Ruffey
In the Province of Luxembourg, from Baranzy to Maissin, ten battles break out on 22 August. Often both sides are hit by surprise. It’s what is known as battles of encounter. On the German side, the Kronprinz’s army must cover the siege of Longwy. The Duke of Würtemberg’s mission is to maintain a strait front line to his right and left.
Paris
FRENCH
1916
21 February : Large German offensive on Verdun. 1er July : Battle of the Somme.
1917
1918
1919
2 April : the United States enter the war. 16 April : French offensive of the « chemin des dames » (N-E of Soissons and Reims). 35.000 killed in one week. 12 July : 1st use by the Germans of mustard gas in the sector of Ypres. 31 July : 3rd Battle of Ypres and Passendale. 20 November : British offensive on Cambrai. 9 April : German offensive on the Lys. July-August-September : success of the allied counter-attacks. 11 november : armistice signed in the clearing of Rethondes near Compiègne. 22 november : Albert I enters Brussels at the head of his army. 28 June : signature of the Treaty of Versailles.
Liège
the great war – 100 years of history in belgian luxembourg
2
Vitry
9
4
RUFFEY-SARRAIL
4 French Army th
ETHE : French machinegunners
2
7 1
LANGLE
14 18 CAPTION French infantry division
Durbuy
French colonial division
Battles in the province of Luxembourg
French cavalry division
Kronprinz
R
Manhay
Hotton
German infantry division German reserve division
21 August : Skirmishes in Virton, Izel, Ruette, Meix-devant-Virton, Bellefontaine, Jamoigne and forest of Bertrix.
Rendeux
Marche-en-Famenne
Battle
Gouvy
La Roche-en-Ardenne
Staff headquarters (GER-FR) XXX
Separation line between the armies
Nassogne Tenneville Wellin
Bertogne
Tellin
16
FLORENVILLE : French prisoners and their German guards
15
Sainte-Ode
24 August : Last skirmish in Noirefontaine.
Maissin 22
Libramont
34
Paliseul
C. : Casualty is said of a soldier whose state takes him out of action: killed, wounded or prisoner.
WURTEMBERG 4th German Army
Vaux-sur-sûre
Anloy
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
33 21R
21
Bertrix NEUFCHÂTEAU : Monument and German soldiers
24
Bouillon
Herbeumont
5
Chiny
Habay-la-Neuve X
Rossignol Florenville
3
2
Tintigny
France
3
9
Meix-devant-Virton
The German military occupation will last 4 years. The resupplying of the population poses a problem as from the first days. In urgency, resupplying and help committees organise themselves to fill out the most elementary needs (soap, petrol, oil, potatoes, clothing...). Bowls of soup are distributed daily to the children and adults in need. Mothers and spouses must provide for the needs of the family. The occupant controls everything : the means of information, the postal services... The country’s resources are confiscated in favour of the troops. All social activities are suspended, the slightest move is controlled and leisure activities forbidden.
BERTRIX : German requisition of horses 10
Virton
Messancy
27
Ethe
3
LANGLE 4th French Army
7
Aubange
9
Baranzy Musson
8
26
Longwy
Romain
Rouvroy
Montmédy
Arlon
Saint-léger
4
Stenay
Attert
XX
Etalle
11
Bellefontaine
SIGNEULX : Germans loading French armement
10 12
X
RUFFEY 4 French Army rd
Marville
Longuyon
KRONPRINZ 5th German Army
11R
Cutry XX
VIRTON : Germans by a French grave on the battlefield
Léglise
25R
23
12
As from September, the Germans occupy our territory. They are on their way to Paris. On the Marne, the French counter-offensive obliges the Germans to retreat. It saves the capital. The front then is stuck along an 800 km. line (Nieuport – Mulhouse). The armies dig in but Belgium and the North-East of France are occupied.
Martelange
Fauvillers
Neufchâteau Nevraumont
BERTRIX : The French Dragoons of the XVIIIth Corps
23 August : French and German casualties Les Bulles (1350), Orgeo (700), Menuchenet (300).
Bastogne
16R
Libin
25
21
Saint-Hubert
15R
Daverdisse
4
22 August : « Bloody Saturday » : battles take place in Maissin, Anloy, Ochamps, Bertrix, Nevraumont, Neufchâteau, Rossignol, Bellefontaine, Virton, Ethe, Baranzy. Except for Bellefontaine, the French loose all these battles. On both sides, French and German, it is estimated that in one day alone, 67 508 soldiers are taken out of action in Belgian Luxembourg.
Houffalize
( D’après J.-Cl Delhez, 2011 et 2012. Le jour de deuil de l’armée française, T.I et II )
LONGLIER - BALACLAVA : Cemetery today inexistant
20 August : Battle of Longlier-Hamipré. 600 French and Vielsalm400 German casualties.
Erezée
German cavalry division
20 Décember : battle of Champagne. 22 April : 2nd battle of Ypres, first use of combat gas.
Namur
19 20
9
1915
1
Würtemberg These battles nearly all end up by the defeat of the French army, followed by its retreat to the Meuse. Northern France and Belgium are invaded and occupied. In only one day, on 22 August, 16 940 French and 9 335 Germans are killed in action on the central front. In September starts the battle of the Marne that will give a victory to France, thus stopping the German right wing.
September 1 September : the 5th German army of the Kronprinz engages between the Meuse and the Argonne. And Wurtemberg’s 4th Army attacks towards Suippes (S-E of Reims). 6 September : battle of the Marne : from the North of Paris to the East of Verdun. October 9 October : the Belgian government has sought refuge in Normandy. 10 October : the fall of Antwerp. 12 October : what remains of the Belgian army retreats to Nieuport-Dixmude, the line of the Yser river. Start of the 1st battle of Ypres. 28 October : flooding of the plain to resist the German assaults. Battle of the trenches.
14 18
19 20
GERMANY
Dinant 3 4th German Army Paliseul 4 WURTEMBERG Neufchâteau Péronne 5 5th German Armyv Arlon Charleville Chemin KRONPRINZ des Dames Aisne Stenay Luxembourg Soissons Reims Verdun Metz Mar ne 3rd French 3 St-Mihiel 6 Army 5
FRANCE
The 4th French army retreats to the Meuse (Charleville-Montmédy). The 3rd army to Lorraine (Montmédy-Verdun). The Franco-Anglo-Belgians are retreating everywhere. 27 August : battle of the Meuse between Verdun and Mézières.
Bruxelles
Lille
Meuse
5 August : Belgium requests the help of France and England. The forts of Liège are attacked by Germany. 6 August : the French cavalry crosses the border towards Neufchâteau and Liège.
The battle of the frontiers Are named « battle of the frontiers » the first military operations in August 1914 in the Ardennes on the rivers Sambre and Meuse, in Lorraine and in Alsace. The Offensive is French. General Joffre’s objective is to break through the centre of the German front line that is believed to be weak, and push the enemy back North. His idea was then to encircle the Germans East of the Meuse. On 22 August, two French armies strongly affront two German armies over close to 100 Km. Langle’s 4th Army meets with Würtemberg’s 3rd Army. On his right Ruffey’s 3rd Army clashes with the Kronprinz’s 5th Army. The 4th and 3rd French armies have Neufchâteau and Arlon as objectives.
Lys
Ypres
t Escau
June 28 June : assassination of the Archduke of Austria by a Bosno-Serbe in Sarajevo.
Oise
1914
Anvers
BELGIUM
Me u se
Chronology
12R
Doncourt-lès-Longuyon 42
10R
Ville-au-Montois
40
7
Thionville
9R
The French 7th Colonial Infantry Regiment
34
Mercy-le-Haut 33
6