Greenbelt Development For Industries
Industries & pollution : concerns • Industries contributes various kinds of pollutants to the environment. Different countries in the world are facing different types of industrial pollution problems. • Industries produces both traditional pollutants such as organic substances, sulfur dioxide, particulates and nutrients , etc. And newly recognized pollutants such as dioxin and other toxic substances.
• The scale of health effects from air pollution ranges from irritants to poisons. • The precipitation of the airborne pollutants also can damage the surface water, soil, and even further the underground water.
Industries & pollution : concerns • These pollutants can cause serious damage to the bio systems. • Therefore industrial pollution has attracted a lot of attention. • Great efforts have been made to solve the problems Industries and environmental Responsibilities • Plant location and design • Environmental pollution • Vibration and noise controls • Waste disposal • Occupational health and safety aspects and long range planning
Green belt development for industries • For any industrial area, it is imperative to include suggestions and recommendations stated under centre pollution control board (CPCB) or any other statuary/regulatory bodies in the respective jurisdiction. • Environmental protection has been considered as an important domain for industrial and other developmental activities in India. Ministry of environment & forests (MOEF) has taken several policy initiatives and promoted integration of environmental concerns in developmental projects.
What are green belts? • Trees, shrubs and other vegetation can absorb certain air pollutants if they are within tolerable limits. This concept is utilized in developing strips of vegetation known as GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT. • It act as an efficient biological filters or sink for particulate and gaseous emissions generated due to various activities whether industrial or vehicular movement. • Green belt as a concept aims at creating healthy and sustainable environments in and around development projects that man has undertaken. • Green belts should be developed especially around sources of pollution to improve the environment.
Greenbelt design and development The design and nature of green belts will vary according to the place and the type of industry. Some of the factors which influence the design of green belts are• Climatic factors such as wind velocity, temperature, rainfall, sunlight, humidity etc. • Assimilation capacity of the ecosystem. • Height and canopy of trees. • Topography. • Size of land available. • Distance from source. • Soil and water quality. • Nature and extend of pollutants.
Advantages of green belt Noise control • A green belt reduces the intensity of sound. • Function as a barrier. Trees can either deflect, refract or may absorb sound to reduce its intensity. •The intensity reduction depends on the distance sound has to travel from source. •Trees can also modify suitably the humidity and climate which affects sound intensity. Help in soil erosion control • Plant species help in improving soil quality and bind soil particles thereby preventing erosion. • Green belts also help in containing water run offs. • Climate control
Advantages of green belt Air pollution control • Trees help in removing carbon dioxide and other pollutants from air and by release of oxygen into the air thereby improving air quality. • A green belt development can also help in removing particulate matter from the air by trapping such particulate matter. Water pollution control • Some species can remove some pollutants from water. • Example- copper absorbed by chlorella vulgaris and scandium buy astragalas, zinc by typha latifolia, chromium bysalvinia nudans
Objectives of the green belt policy A green belt is a policy and land use designation used in land use planning to retain areas of largely undeveloped, wild, or agricultural land surrounding or neighboring urban areas. Similar concepts are greenways or green wedges which have a linear character and may run through an urban area instead of around it. The stated objectives of green belt policy are to: • Protect natural or semi-natural environments • Improve air quality within urban areas. • Ensure that urban dwellers have access to countryside, with consequent educational and recreational opportunities. • Protect the unique character of rural communities that might otherwise be absorbed by expanding suburbs.
Selection of plant species • Purpose of greenbelt development can be satisfactorily achieved only through careful selection of species. Some other considerations while planning a greenbelt include: • Provision for adequate nutritional supply • Ample water to avoid water stress and • Well expose to sunlight and breeze to maintain free interaction with gases.
Species selection Tree species for developing greenbelt will be selected using following criteria: • Native trees • Trees with low water requirement • Trees which require less maintenance • Capacity to abate pollution • Trees which have A good canopy cover.
Greenbelt design zones Different types of zones planned for greenbelt development in general are: • Green belt development at periphery • Horticultural plantation • Timber plantation • Landscape area 1.Medicinal plants 2.Rock garden 3.Butterfly garden 4. Ficus garden 5. Palm garden • Avenue plantation Other activities- water ponds , water bodies etc.
Carbon sequestration •Climate change has become a global concern. •Trees act as a natural sink for carbon which is one of the green house gases. •Study of carbon sequestration potential can be used in the mitigation of global warming. •The process removal of carbon from the atmosphere and storing it in tress parts is known as carbon sequestration. •Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, locking it away and helping to combat climate change. •The longer the plants live, the greater the amount of carbon is stored.
Carbon sequestration Biological carbon sequestration has following advantages plants sequester relatively large volumes of carbon at fairly low cost.  protects and improves soli quality, water resources, habitat and biodiversity.  promotes sustainable development.
Biodiversity - conservation • Biodiversity, is the variability among living organisms from all sources including terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species, and of ecosystems. • The conservation of biodiversity is clearly important, both for the long-term and sustainable supply of raw materials and for the spiritual, cultural and recreational benefits that it brings. • The main purpose of greenbelt policy is to draw attention to the alarming rate at which an increasing amount of species on our planet are on the verge of extinction.
Benefits The green belt has many benefits for people: • Walking, camping, and biking areas close to the cities and towns. • Contiguous habitat network for wild plants, animals and wildlife. • Cleaner air and water. • Better land use of areas within the bordering cities.
Benefits Greenbelt development around the industrial /urban settlement acts as a cost effective and sustainable solution for pollution abatement. Greenbelt design and criteria varies according to the purpose and site conditions. • Enhance the floral diversity • Increase carbon storage • Mitigate impact due to fugitive emissions from vehicular traffic • Control the noise levels • Prevent soil erosion and surface run-off • Increase the permeable areas.
Benefits • Green belts are not substitutes for air pollution control measures, however, but greenbelts can also play the role of beautifying the area. • The benefits are categorized as intangible benefits (e.g., Scenic quality, recreation and relaxation opportunities and wildlife habitat) and cost benefits (E.G., Energy savings, uptake of CO2 and other air pollutants and integrated air quality improvement measure). • Greenbelts have the ability to leave the air relatively free of pollutants and also improve air quality by providing oxygen to atmosphere
Eco industrial parks • The concept of ‘Eco Industrial Parks’ (EIP) has been first described at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro 1992. • Eco Industrial Parks are a promising strategy to promote sustainable industrial development and to improve the industries’ environmental performance in terms of management of materials, energy and waste. • The Eco Industrial Parks provide substantial benefits for participating companies, for the neighborhood and for the region.
Eco industrial park For the Indian scenario where in there are several old industrial parks that do not have cost effective common environmental infrastructure and services as well as lack synergies among the industries in the parks, the eco industry park concept has been customized to address the following aspects: a) Sitting and site master planning of new industrial parks integrating environment, energy and climate issues, b) Transformation process of existing industrial parks to eco industrial parks, c) Strengthening of environmental infrastructure and services in the industrial parks, d) Resource efficiency and improved environmental management in individual industries, and d) Capacity building of individuals and organizations in the areas of eco industrial development, pollution control/regulatory actions, disaster risk management etc.
Eco industrial park The concept of an Eco Industrial Park (EIP) improves the economic performance of the participating companies while minimizing their environmental impacts. Components of this approach include green design of park infrastructure and plants (new or retrofitted); cleaner production, pollution prevention; energy efficiency; and inter-company partnering.
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