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D A I LY E M E R A L D . C O M
INFLATING GRADES: an easier A THE AVERAGE GPA AT UO HAS RISEN BY .53 POINTS SINCE 1980.
This grade inflation, which is occuring at universities nationwide, can devalue a college degree.
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NEWS Colt Lyerla convicted of felony heroin possession
Colt Lyerla runs the ball against Fresno State. (Courtesy of Emerald Archives.)
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PITCHER, @ JACKPITCHER20
Colt Lyerla, the former Oregon Ducks standout tight end, was convicted of heroin possession in Washington County court last week, court records show. His sentencing hearing is scheduled for March 14. Lyerla was arrested in a Portland suburb in August 2016 when police allegedly found him lighting and smoking a “brown, sticky substance” out of tin foil, according to a probable cause affidavit released after the arrest. A judge found Lyerla guilty after a oneday trial at the Washington County courthouse in Hillsboro, Oregon. Lyerla waived his right to a jury trial, opting to have the judge decide his fate instead. Possession of heroin is a Class B felony in Oregon, which can carry a prison sentence of up to 10 years. Lyerla, 24, is considered one of the best high school football players in Oregon history. The 2010 U.S. Army All-American was
The Emerald is published by Emerald Media Group, Inc., the independent nonprofit media company at the University of Oregon. Formerly the Oregon Daily Emerald, the news organization was founded in 1900. VO L . 1 1 8 , I S S U E N O. 5 5
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a five-star recruit, received more than 30 Division I offers, and won a state championship as a running back and linebacker for Hillsboro High School. At 6-foot-4, 240 pounds, Lyerla played tight end for two seasons under former Oregon coach Chip Kelly before quitting the team during Mark Helfrich’s first year as coach in 2013. Lyerla was at one point a projected first-round NFL draft pick, but saw his stock tank after a series of controversies and run-ins with the law. University of Oregon had to release a statement in March 2013 after Lyerla tweeted that the Sandy Hook shooting was fake and part of a government conspiracy. The university denounced the remarks as “insensitive and offensive.” The circumstances under which Lyerla left the team are also under question. Lyerla left midway through the 2013 season,
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citing a need to prepare for the NFL draft. But other reports stated that Helfrich asked Lyerla to leave after Lyerla purchased a shotgun, something the athletic department was uncomfortable with. Lyerla was arrested in Eugene for cocaine possession in October 2013, less than two weeks after quitting the team. He was then arrested for DUII in September 2014, before his most recent August 2016 arrest for heroin possession. Lyerla signed with the Green Bay Packers after going undrafted in the 2014 NFL draft. He was released after tearing his MCL in practice and hasn’t played for an NFL team since. Court records list Lyerla’s current address as “transient,” a designation usually given to homeless people. Lyerla will appear in court again on March 14, when the length of his sentence will be decided.
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ON THE COVER
An illustration represnting grade inflations at UO. Illustration by Stacy Yurishicheva
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The Emerald Grade Tracker In an effort to examine grading trends at the University of Oregon, the Emerald made a public records request for three years of professor-specific statistics on grade distributions. The university provided the Emerald with data for 15,559 classes. The Emerald compiled the public data into a search engine, called the Emerald Grade Tracker, which displays grading habits of professors and classes. Select the year in the first dropdown box, select the subject, then enter the course number. The results are displayed in a series of percentage graphs for any class taught that calendar year.
Snap
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Why getting ➡ WILL
CAMPBELL, @WTCAMPBELL
In 1980, an average student at the University of Oregon earned a 2.6 GPA. Last year, the average student received a 3.13. UO Students are receiving better grades without evidence that they are performing at a higher level, a phenomenon in higher education termed grade inflation. For the past 6 years, the university Faculty Senate has not addressed this because faculty and administrators can’t agree that it is a problem. The newest swing at the issue comes from the president of the Oregon Association of Scholars, Bruce Gilley, who is a PSU political science professor. He sees the dangers of grade inflation and is attempting to bring the issue to light for all Oregon universities in a new report detailing grade inflation statistics. According to a report by OAS, released on Feb. 20, all Oregon public universities, except for Oregon State University, have a higher average GPA than the national average. “The average college student in Oregon today is receiving a B+ grade, which means that there is little meaningful distinction between excellent and average students … This compression of grades prevents employers, parents, graduate schools, and public agencies from acquiring meaningful information on a student’s attainments in college,” Gilley commented in an OAS press release. To combat grade inflation, Gilley recommended in the press release to include the class’ average grade on every student’s transcript. This was a change that Ian McNeely, the associate dean of UO’s College of Arts and Sciences, proposed in 2011. In 2009, when McNeely became chair of the Undergraduate Council, the university-wide body that oversees undergraduate education, he became familiar with grade inflation. He decided to look into the grading culture at UO. He talked to at least five committees around campus, met with deans and the UO president, held town hall meetings and eventually published a blog in May 2010 to create a wider conversation for UO faculty about grading trends. McNeely used a UO report from 2006 of the university’s grade statistics as evidence for grade inflation. The report found that between 1992 and 2004, the percentage of A’s awarded went up by about 10 percentage points — 31.3 percent to 41.6 percent— and the percentage of A’s and B’s together went up by 7 points — from 65.6 percent to 72.6 percent. McNeely published a report the next month with three proposals to take action against inflation. The report states that McNeely proposed each department develop specific grading standards, or “collaborate and decide on their own general description on an A, B, C grade, and so on,” he said. He also wanted each department to evaluate the grading habits of its professors. That way department leaders would be able to safeguard against inflation. McNeely’s third proposal suggested that students’ transcripts show what percentage of the class received the same grade. “So that would almost be an incentive for professors not to inflate grades because then it might look bad on a student’s transcript,” he said. The first proposal passed in the senate, but McNeely said that not every department complied. The other two
g an A is easier than ever
(Courtesy of Oregon Association of Scholars)
proposals failed on the senate floor. Currently, McNeely is unaware of any administrative initiatives to combat grade inflation, he wrote in an email to the Emerald. McNeely referred to his undertaking from 2011 as “the hill I died on,” in an interview with the Emerald. He said grade inflation has not been discussed in the Faculty Senate since. McNeely said the discussions following the proposals, although they failed to change policy, spurred conversation about grades among faculty. Alison Schmitke, in the Department of Education Studies at UO, now holds McNeely’s former position as undergraduate council chair. She said the council has not held much conversation about grade inflation since McNeely, but it’s not off any of the faculty’s radar. Schmitke is more interested in the path to the grade, rather than the actual mark. She teaches two education classes at UO. In those classes, she has students revise their work,
which is more work for everyone, she said, but allows students to earn an A if they must. “I don’t think people learn from [grades] anyway. I think they learn from revision. I think they learn from feedback,” she said. “But then there are some classes that have 500 students; how do you do that?” A factor in national grade inflation is whether an institution or professor should be able to give an A+, which can boost a student’s GPA above a 4.0. Schmitke used to give A+ grades to some students, but stopped when she realized that they didn’t ask because they wanted to perform better or learn, but rather to influence their GPAs. “I felt like I was feeding the beast in terms of this need to get an A+,” she said. “It feels competitive that [students] need to have the best possible grades.” Madison Moskowitz, a junior political science major holding a 4.0 GPA, said a competitive GPA will improve her chances of being accepted to a graduate program.
Moskowitz hopes to attend an Ivy League school after her time at UO. “I think it’s kind of crazy that the political science department gives A+s, but other departments don’t. And there are entire universities that don’t give A+s,” she said, “so my GPA is inflated compared to theirs, but I still want my GPA to have some gravity behind it.” McNeely is looking to help students like Moskowitz whose GPAs may seem undervalued compared to their peers’ inflated marks. Despite his concern, it has been difficult for him to make any substantial impact on grading at UO. McNeely said that grade inflation is like Halley’s Comet — it pops up for discussion in the UO Faculty Senate, and then it disappears for a long time. “We don’t want students to take classes specifically because they’re easy classes,” McNeely said. “We want them to take classes that are going to be academically rewarding and help them on the path of success.”
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ES QUEER ETHNIC LITERATURE ES 410 350 NATIVE AMERICANS AND THE ENVIRONMENT Study major writers and topics in the queer African-American 399 WRITING FROM THE MARGINS ESES410 QUEER ETHNIC LITERATURE Study major writers and topics in the tribal queer culture, African-American Learn about racism, and and queer USenvironmental Latinx literary tradition. Examine the ways in which issues of race, ethnicity, gender, Study major writers and topics in the queer African-American and queer US Latinx literary tradition. effects of colonialism on Native Americans. class canLatinx be examined, understood, and queer US literary tradition. ESand 399 WRITING FROM THE MARGINSand even resisted ES 399 THE MARGINS the artETHNIC ofFROM storytelling. ESthrough 410 WRITING QUEER LITERATURE Examine the waysFROM in which issues of race, ethnicity, gender, ES 399 WRITING THE MARGINS Examine the ways in which issues ofEUGENE race,and ethnicity, gender, ES 399 AFRICAN AMERICANS IN Study major and topics in the queer African-American and class canwriters be examined, understood, even resisted Examine the ways inand which issues of race,and ethnicity, gender, and class can beof examined, understood, evenabout resisted and queer USart Latinx literary tradition. With anthe integrated comparative approach, learn through storytelling. and can beof examined, understood, and even resisted through art storytelling. theclass localthe history of African-Americans. ES AFRICAN AMERICANS IN EUGENE 399 WRITING FROM THE through the art of AMERICANS storytelling. 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In a rematch of last year’s national championship against Baylor, No. 2 Oregon acrobatics and tumbling upset the No. 1-ranked Bears in what could be the biggest win since Chelsea Shaw took over as head coach. On Saturday at Matthew Knight Arena, Oregon outscored Baylor 285.025-277.90. The Ducks dominated the first half and kept their momentum throughout the whole meet, finishing off with an inspirational team event to win their first meet against Baylor since Felecia Mulkey departed Eugene to coach the Bears. “Our girls worked so hard and they really believed they could do, it so I’m happy to see that pay off,” Shaw said. Oregon (3-0) dominated round one one as the Ducks outscored the Bears in each of the four categories in the compulsory round to take a 38.60-37.95 lead. Oregon had a minor slip up in the six-element heat of the acro event, scoring a 9.40 while Baylor snagged a 9.75. The Bears outscored the Ducks 29.2028.90 in the second event but still trailed 67.50-67.15 in the overall meet. The pyramid event was important for Oregon to keep momentum and a halftime lead. The Ducks overcame halftime deficits in their first two meets. “We just really trained first half,” Shaw said. “We do have a strong first half and in the meets we haven’t been executing it as best we could. We can never rely on the second half in a meet.”
THE WHY OF WHERE
Members of Oregon Acrobatics and Tumbling cheer on their teammate in Eugene, Ore. on Feb. 13, 2016. (Adam Eberhardt)
In the open heat of the pyramid event, Oregon’s team and the crowd erupted after a strong heat, but the Ducks only scored a 9.80 in the heat. Baylor edged Oregon in the event but the Ducks led 96.8596.45 at the intermission. At halftime, the crowd of 1,273 erupted with chants. “The crowd was awesome,” Shaw said. “We need the crowd. The girls feed off of them. We love them and [it’s] so fun to have the whole community supporting us.”
GEOG Geography
#whyofwhere geography.uoregon.edu/whyofwhere
Following the break, the toss event ensued. In the third open heat Oregon scored a thunderous 9.95 while Baylor scored 9.55. Oregon won the event 29.15-28.95 to take a narrow lead into the fifth event of the meet. The tumbling event has been important for Oregon in its past two meets. Oregon’s Krista Phillips scored a perfect 10 in the open heat while Reagan Trussell scored a 9.90 to help the Ducks out-score Baylor 58.725-58.50 in the event. The Ducks led 184.725-183.90 heading into the all-important team event. “I think for me it was great to do that for my team,” Phillips said unselfishly. Prior to the start of Oregon’s routine in the team event, Shaw urged the fans to stand up and cheer during the Ducks’ routine. Oregon looked nearly flawless in the team event and was greeted with a roar from the crowd that foreshadowed the upset win. “I think that we really left our hearts out there,” Phillips said. “Even if we didn’t win we still would have felt really accomplished. The win was just an extra bonus.” Oregon’s score was reflected in the excitement of the team and the fans, with a 100.30-94.00 win in the heat to win the meet 285.025-277.90. The victory feels sweet right now for Oregon but focus will shift ahead once again for the Ducks. “We’ll celebrate tonight,” Phillips said. “We still have an end goal to get the natty, so I think we’ve still got to put in the work.”
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Fill in the blank cells using numbers 1 to 9. Each number can appear only once in each row, column and 3x3 block. Use logic and process elimination to solve the puzzle. The difficulty level ranges from Bronze (easiest) to Silver to Gold (hardest).
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42 Splitting headache? 45 Musician Shankar 46 Helpless? 49 “That’s ___” (sarcastic response) 50 Lorde’s actual first name 51 Gravity-powered vehicle 52 Setting for a panel of Bosch’s “The Garden of Earthly Delights” 54 Short cut 56 “My mama done ___ me” 57 Early resident in the Louvre 58 Dominate 59 Spa treatment hinted at by the ends of 17-, 27-, 44- and 55-Across
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8 Modest flash drive capacity, informally 9 Worst possible, as a review 10 Nymph of myth 11 Good earth 12 “Would ___?” 13 Encircle 18 Punch line? 19 1934 Chemistry Nobelist Harold 22 Show disdain for 23 Source of the line “They shall beat their swords into plowshares” 24 One way to address someone 26 Animal group suffix 28 Sticking point? 29 Having too much, informally 30 Be charitable 31 Silver, in heraldry 32 Acceptances 37 Attorney general during George W. Bush’s entire first term 38 Part of a complex 40 Cardinal’s cap 41 July third?
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1 Shade of black 5 Zip around 9 Woody Allen title role 14 1999 drama “___ and the King” 15 “Stoppeth it!”? 16 Cause of some abdominal cramps 17 Entreaty to Rapunzel 20 Bro 21 Like show horses 22 Bro, e.g. 25 Loons 27 Magazine whose website has a “Find a Therapist” feature 33 Collector’s suffix 34 They run free on TV, in brief 35 Love 36 Girl bands? 38 Myers-___ personality test 39 Willie of “Eight Is Enough” 40 Sitcom nickname of Wally’s bro 43 Opposite of 32-Down 44 1970 B. B. King hit
47 ___ Brigante (1993 Pacino role) 48 Withdrawal symptom, in short 49 Stock 53 Germinated grain 55 Procrastinator’s promise 60 Van ___ & Arpels (jeweler) 61 Author Morrison 62 River flowing SE to the Mississippi 63 Lacked, for short 64 Kirk ___, first actor to play Superman on screen, 1948 65 Cheeky, flirtatious sort
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