CHILD PSYCHOLOGY Diana Irazema Orozco del Cid #17
First Part
APPROACHES IN PSHYCHOLOGY
Cross-cultural approach: Is the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes, including both their variability and invariance, under diverse cultural conditions. Through expanding research methodologies to recognize cultural variance in behavior, language, and meaning it seeks to extend and develop psychology.
Behavioral Approach Is based on the concept of explaining behavior through observation and in the belief that our environment is that causes us to behave differently. The main categories of behaviorism are: -Classical Behaviorism: Holds that observable behaviors are the only phenomena a psychologist should be concerned with. -Methodological Behaviorism: Is a normative theory about the scientific conduct of psychology. -Radical Behaviorism: Employs that is known as experimental analysis of behavior.
Biological Approach It is the approach that looks at our genetics to build a reason as to why we act the way we do and why we develop abnormal behaviors. Main assumptions: 1. Brain differences 2. Genetics
Cognitive Approach According to Piaget, children Are born with a very basic mental structure on which all learning and knowledge is based. The three basic components to Piaget’s cognitive theory: • • •
Schemas Processes that enable the transition from one stage to another Stages of development
Psychoanalytic Approach The psychoanalytic approach understands us from the point of view of our unconscious and early childhood experiences.
Humanistic Approach This approach emphasize on subject meaning, a rejection of determinism, and a concern for positive growth rather than pathology. Humanistic argue that an individual is capable to understand their own behavior.
Evolutionary Approach Is the theory of human behavior that incorporates the effects of evolution. As our ancestors confronted problems, they developed ways of solving those problems. Over time, the most successful solutions developed into basic instincts.
My Personality
My personality
REFLECTION Approaches in Psychology are a perspective that involves certain assumptions about human behavior. 1. Cross-cultural approach: differences and similarities between cultures. 2. Behavioral approach: is divided on 3: Classical behaviorism, methodological behaviorism and Radical behaviorism. 3. Biological approach: looks at our genetics to build a reason of how we act. 4. Cognitive approach: mind structures. 5. Psychoanalytic approach: experiences make us to act in the way we act. 6. Humanistic approach: individual’s behavior is connected to their inner feelings and self-concept. 7. Evolutionary approach: ideas that change through the time.
Personality: Personality is about our different ways of being human. How we are all variations on the same themes. How the human nature we all share manifests in different styles of thinking, feeling and acting.
Second Part
Are types of short stories that typically features European folkloric, fantasy characters, such as fairies, goblins, elves, trolls, dwarves, giants, witches, mermaids, or gnomes, and usually magic or enchantments
Wolf Conflict between
Dwarf
Witch
Giant
Fear of possible
Dominance/ambitions
Aggression
controlling or letting
dangers/insecurity
Self- image (she is
Dominance
one's impulses free
(may be a thief, witch
(devouring or not
will kill them too)
devouring)
Coping with danger
Conflict between
(they will kill the
aggression and
witch, ways of
superego (if he eats,
deceiving her, hide)
the hunter will punish/kill him)
getting old, her magic power is diminishing, nobody loves her, she is ugly) low self-esteem Mother - child relationship (mother
Oral needs Self - image (he is ugly/dumb/ nobody) Father-child relationship (rare)
image)
Sexual feelings (he
Self - image (doubting
Narcissistic feelings
wants to find a
their ability to help,
(she wants everyone to
girlfriend)
Oral needs
concern about their
admire her)
Dominance
small stature or their appearance)
Sibling rivalry fear of getting punished for wrongdoing Aggression
Mother Image Severity of superego (She begs mother to forgive her, she wants the story to end with “Card 1” because she deserved mother's punishment) Conflict between pleasure (playing, cutting flowers) and moral restrictions (she must visit her sick grandmother) Fear of abandonment/rejection Depression
Jung Carl Gustav Jung interpreted that fairy tales are lives in miniature… suggesting for example, that each character within a tale, may represent an aspect of personality.
REFLECTION Fairy tales are short stories especially for children. A child create their own life as a fairy tale but the fact each child is different makes each story unique. Each element in the fairy tale has a special meaning so to analyze them require carefully attention.