Orsolya Fekete zoo designer & landscape architect 2010-2014
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT PROJECTS 01 PUBLIC SQUARE 01
Reconstruction concept for Madách Square - student design contest Teamwork
02 TRANSIT HUB
Reconstruction concept for Széll Kálmán Square, Budapest - landscape architectural design contest Teamwork - Special award
03 SALT LAKE CITY
Selection of works at MGB+A The Grassligroup Internship
04 SHADOW PLAY
Shadow study of an organic pattern
05 VENICE BIENNALE
Concept plan for the reception area of Hungarian Pavilion - student design contest Teamwork
06 RESIDENTIAL GARDEN Concept and construction plans
ZOO DESIGN - RESEARCH & DIPLOMA THESIS 01 BSc THESIS
Zoo enclosure design and habitat imitation - Development suggestions Zoo Budapest
01 RESEARCH
History of zoo design - Spatial structure case studies - Design approaches of immersion exhibits
02 ZOO BUDAPEST Enlargment masterplan Teamwork
03 SOSTO ZOO Analysis for master plan ...in progress
RELATED WORKS 01 PHOTOGRAPHY 02 FREEHAND DRAWING
Orsolya Fekete Budapest, 1183 Kálti Márk utca 10/A ms.orsolya.fekete@gmail.com +36 30-502-3011
STUDIES MA in Garden Art and Landscape Design Corvinus University of Budapest, Diploma thesis: Zoo design, the masterplan of Sóstó Zoo
2012 - 2014
BSc in Garden and Landscape Engineer Corvinus University of Budapest, BSc thesis - Zoo enclosure design and habitat imitation
2008 - 2011
WORK EXPERIENCES s73 Ltd. Landscape architect intern landscape architecture & urban design
2014 September – present Budapest
MGB+A, The Grassligroup Landscape architect intern landscape architecture & urban design sport complex concept plans
2013 September– 2014 January Salt Lake City
2013 March– May Artemisia Landscape Design Budapest Landscape architect intern school garden design through participatory process children, teachers and parents involvement of the planning process
Zoo Budapest Landscape architect Trainee
LANGUAGES English German Hungarian
full professional proficiency limited working proficiency native proficiency
2011 September – October Budapest
SECTION, OVERALL MASSING In 2012 May, the chief architect of the VII. district of Budapest announced a student design contest for the reconstruction concept of the Madách Square.
cafe
service vehicle traffic
central public space
service vehicle traffic
cafe
At that time the Madách Square was a busy parking lot in the middle of the city, surrounded by intense cultural life. According to its location and urban significance the square supposed to be a lively spot for the locals.
meeting space
Our team's (with Kitti Grabarics) main aim was to create a meeting space that communicates with the characteristic building - designed by Gyula Wädler - and meets the expectation of the local residents.
event space
Case studies has shown that the most attractive element of a public space is the human presence. In order to create a vivid meeting point in the heart of the city, our concept plan fosters the intent of local cafes, to occupy public space. Along two sides of the square further catering areas are created. In the centrum of the square is located the meeting and talking area. It consist of five different type of faqs. Each type offers convenient opportunity for different type of conversations. Some of them is designed rather for personal chats, some for hanging out, some for semi-personal talks. The shapes of the faqs refers to the surrounding building's facade patterns.
MADÁCH STREET
RECONSTRUCTION CONCEPT
ASBÓTH STREET
The "gate" of the square is characterized by the turf gapped pavement, which offers from distance the illusion of an urban grass area.
Public square
KÁROLY AVENUE
Reconstruction plan for Madách Square, Budapest Architectural design contest - Teamwork
TRAM LINE 47, 49
2012
01
TRAM LINE 47, 49
N
Designed by: Kitti Grabarics, Orsolya Fekete
STREET FURNITURE, DETAIL SOLUTIONS
In urban terms the Széll Kálmán Square is currently not a place that people relates to, it is just a highly neglected transit hub, the crossing point of different means of transport. Each day 250 000 - 300 000 people have to pass it. Alhough it has been constantly shaping during history, the structure of the square is still not clear for the people who use it. The shape, the size and the atmosphere of the space of the square is not defined, not sensible. The aim of our concept is to create a real space, to define the Széll Kálmán Square for its users. Our concept creats a circular sign, that creates a frame for the pedestrial areas and includes the building of the subway as well. This riband like sign is a roof edifice that runs on the outline of the pedestrian areas. Its location, size and shape creates convenient space for the tram stations as well. This sign is capable to designate the space in the square. It makes the dual character of the square readable. The spaces that are located outside the riband are rather part of the surrounding streets' transport corridors. The spaces that are inside the sign are the public places, where people meet, where the square is more characteristic, and the urban design solutions are more defined, intensively formed.
Transit hub
02
Reconstruction concept for Széll Kálmán Square, Budapest Landscape architectural design contest Teamwork- Special award
2012
accessable cafe
meeting point
greenroof
bustle
subway
rational
feasible
gate
rack railway
economical transfer
scheduled ecological
circular roof
bakery
passanger information arrival
walkable
sustainable
Transit hub
02
Reconstruction concept for Széll Kálmán Square, Budapest Landscape architectural design contest Teamwork- Special award
2012 Participant professors: Dr. Imre Jámbor, Dr. Péter Balogh, Dr. Balázs Almási, Antal Gergely, Dóra Hutter Participant students: Ádám Kétszeri, Ádám Orosz, Andrea Sipos, Anita Reith, Bence Kerekes, György Zsigmond, Hajnalka Baji, Orsolya Fekete
EXISTING ICE CENTER
EXISTING PARKING LOT
FOGADÓTÉR, KAPUTÉRSÉG HORNBEAMS (Carpinus betulus `Fastigiata`)
10 | 29 | 13
EXISTING ICE CENTER
B
EXISTING PARKING LOT
C
EXISTING RESTROOMS
D
OPEN LAWN
E
EXISTING PLAYGROUND
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EXISTING SOCCER FIELD
G
EXPENSION AREA
H
PROPOSED PARKING LOT
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PROPSED RECREATION CENTER
J
PROPOSED RESTROOMS
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PROPOSED CONCESSION BUILDING & RESTROOM
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PROPOSED PAVILION
K
ST RE
ET
H
Q
HIGH SCHOOL
D
MA
IN
SHRUBS
O G
N
H
H
K
ET TR E
0
D
I
100'
200'
400'
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IN S
N
MA
L
S
N H
B
G
F
E
200 EAST
H
C
M
N
PROPOSED BASE BALL PROPOSED SOTF BALL
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D
N
N
P
0
P
100' N
200'
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H
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P
N
N
2800 NORTH
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R S
N
J
G
S V
L
N
S
H
N
N H
M
C
200 EAST
S A L T L A K E A T H L E T I C C O M PBL E X
E
12 | 20 | 13
CONCEPT PLAN
L H
E B
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100 WEST
A
L
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PROPOSED RESTROOMS
K
PROPOSED CONCESSION BUILDING & RESTROOM PROPOSED PAVILION
M PROPOSED MULTIPURPOUSE SPORT FIELD: TENNIS/BASKETBALL
GRAVEL MULCH
S
PROPSED RECREATION CENTER
PROPSED PLAYGROUND
J
L
PROPOSED PARKING LOT
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400' T
N J
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PROPOSED WARM UP AREAS
12 | 20 | 13
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EXPENSION AREA
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GROUND COVERS
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Selection of works at MGB+A The Grassligroup Internship
2013-2014
HORNBEAMS (Carpinus betulus `Fastigiata`) October 21, 2013
145 West 200 South Salt Lake City, Utah 84101 Tel 801-364-9696 Fax 801-364-9719 www.grassligroup.com
PERENNIALS FLOWERING PEAR (Pyrus calleryana `Capital`)
LOW JUNIPER (Juniperus horizontalis `Icee Blue`)
N
PROPOSED MULTIUSE SOCCER FIELD
O
PROPOSED MULTIUSE STADIUM
P
PROPOSED BASE BALL
Q
PROPOSED SOTF BALL
R
PROPOSED WARM UP AREAS
S
PROPSED PLAYGROUND
T
PROPOSED PICKLEBALL COURT
U
PROPOSED JUNIOR HIGH
V
PROPOSED ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
EXISTING SIGN
From September 2013 util the end on January 2014 I have been working in Salt Lake City, at the highly appreciates landscape architectural office, MGB+A, The Grassli group.
Salt Lake City
Land Planners Landscape Architects Urban Desgners
Stansbury Entry - Concept A, sketch Salt Lake City, Utah
EXISTING SOCCER FIELD
P
EXISTING TREE
ATHLETIC COMPLEX
EXISTING PLAYGROUND
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E
B
SAND HOLLOW
E
L
SHRUBS
O G
OPEN LAWN
PROPOSED MULTIUSE STADIUM
G
10 | 29 | 13
EXISTING RESTROOMS
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100 WEST
R
EXISTING PARKING LOT
PROPOSED MULTIUSE SOCCER FIELD
2800 NORTH
BOULDERS
J
ORNAMENTAL FENCE PROPOSED COLUMNS with light
D
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LOW JUNIPER (Juniperus horizontalis `Icee Blue`)
GRAVEL
EXISTING ICE CENTER
N
ORNAMENTAL
A
C
F
GRAVEL MULCH
H
B
EXISTING SIGN PROPOSED WALL with Stansbury Sign
M PROPOSED MULTIPURPOUSE SPORT FIELD: TENNIS/BASKETBALL
Q
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HIGH SCHOOL
EXISTING TREE
A
10 | 29 | 13
As an intern I had the opportunity to experience the design attitude and architectural approaches of a different culture. During my internship I have been working in several levels of the profession. I was involved in streetscape development and public square reconstruction plans, have created hand-drawn concept plans for public parks and residential gateway areas, I have been working on tender plans and construction plans for sport complexes and even joining the municipality meetings in several project. Being in touch with the related professions consultants through the municipal modification process was also one of my duties.
40'
D H
EVERGREEN SHRUB
PROPOSED WALL with Stansbury Sign PERENNIALS in raised bed
40'
ORNAMENTAL FENCE
0
GRAVEL PROPOSED COLUMNS with light
15'
30'
145 West 200 South Salt Lake City, Utah 84101 Tel 801-364-9696 Fax 801-364-9719 www.grassligroup.com
October 21, 2013
HORNBEAMS (Carpinus betulus `Fastigiata`)
60'
Land Planners Landscape Architects Urban Desgners
Stansbury Entry - Concept A, sketch
Salt Lake City, Utah
PERENNIALS in raised bed PERENNIALS
FLOWERING PEAR (Pyrus calleryana `Capital`)
PROPOSED WALL with Stansbury Sign
EXISTING SIGN
GRAVEL
LOW JUNIPER (Juniperus horizontalis `Icee Blue`)
PROPOSED COLUMNS with light PROPOSED ORNAMENTAL FENCE
Land Planners Landscape Architects Urban Desgners
Stansbury Entry - Concept C, sketch Salt Lake City, Utah
145 West 200 South Salt Lake City, Utah 84101 Tel 801-364-9696 Fax 801-364-9719 www.grassligroup.com
October 23, 2013 EXISTING TREES HORNBEAMS (Carpinus betulus `Fastigiata`) PERENNIALS FLOWERING PEAR (Pyrus calleryana `Capital`)
LOW JUNIPER (Juniperus horizontalis `Icee Blue`)
EXISTING SIGN 40'
SMALL SHRUBS
NORTH LOGAN HIGH SCHOOL
H
A
CONCEPTIONAL SITE PLAN
D H
NORTH LOGAN HIGH SCHOOL
NORTH LOGAN HIGH SCHOOL
PERENNIALS in raised bed
FLOWERING PEAR (Pyrus calleryana `Capital`)
CONCEPTIONAL SITE PLAN
CONCEPTIONAL SITE PLAN
PROPOSED WALL with Stansbury Sign
40'
PERENNIALS in raised bed
PROPOSED COLUMNS with light PROPOSED ORNAMENTAL FENCE
GRAVEL
0
15'
30'
60'
Land Planners Landscape Architects Urban Desgners
Stansbury Entry - Concept C, plan Salt Lake City, Utah
145 West 200 South Salt Lake City, Utah 84101 Tel 801-364-9696 Fax 801-364-9719 www.grassligroup.com
October 22, 2013
HORNBEAMS (Carpinus betulus `Fastigiata`)
FLOWERING PEAR (Pyrus calleryana `Capital`)
03
EXISTING SIGN
GRAVEL
PROPOSED WALL with Stansbury Sign
LOW JUNIPER (Juniperus horizontalis `Icee Blue`)
PROPOSED COLUMNS PROPOSED FENCE
ORNAMENTAL GRASS (Calamagrostis x acutiflora `Karl Foester`)
Land Planners Landscape Architects Urban Desgners
Stansbury Entry - Concept B, sketch Salt Lake City, Utah
ORNAMENTAL GRASS October 21, 2013 (Calamagrostis x acutiflora `Karl Foester`)
EXISTING TREES
FLOWERING PEAR (Pyrus calleryana `Capital`)
145 West 200 South Salt Lake City, Utah 84101 Tel 801-364-9696 Fax 801-364-9719 www.grassligroup.com
LOW JUNIPER (Juniperus horizontalis `Icee Blue`)
HORNBEAMS (Carpinus betulus `Fastigiata`)
This internship fostered my professional development and language skills as well.
EXISTING SIGN 40'
EXISTING RESTROOMS
OPEN LAWN
EXISTING PLAYGROUND
EXISTING SOCCER FIELD
EXPENSION AREA
PROPOSED PARKING LOT
PROPSED RECREATION CENTER
PROPOSED RESTROOMS
PROPOSED CONCESSION BUILDING & RESTROOM
PROPOSED PAVILION
PROPOSED MULTIPURPOUSE SPORT FIELD: TENNIS/BASKETBALL
PROPOSED MULTIUSE SOCCER FIELD
PROPOSED MULTIUSE STADIUM
PROPOSED BASE BALL
PROPOSED SOTF BALL
PROPOSED WARM UP AREAS
PROPSED PLAYGROUND
SPORTKÖZPONT KONCEPCIÓ TERVEK
PROPOSED WALL with Stansbury Sign
40'
PROPOSED FENCE
PROPOSED COLUMNS with light
GRAVEL 0
Stansbury Entry - Concept B, sketch Salt Lake City, Utah
October 21, 2013
15'
30'
60' Land Planners Landscape Architects Urban Desgners 145 West 200 South Salt Lake City, Utah 84101 Tel 801-364-9696 Fax 801-364-9719 www.grassligroup.com
CONCEPT PLAN The property is located in the suburban area of Budapest. The main building is a contemporary passive house. My aim was to create a representative garden which design concepts fits to atmosphere of the building. It was important to encourage the owner's view of organic food, with an orchard and a vegetable garden. The seemingly different functions got an uniform appearance with a regular, rather geometric design. This way the garden is established in an organic unit. The construction plans define every detail of the garden. The planned terrain and the used plant species communicates with the property’s environment. The sections and the master plan ensures the technically accurate and stable construction of the garden objects.
playgarden pool
relaxing rose garden
DETAIL SOLUTIONS
rendezvény terasz
kitchen garden
event space
orchard
Residential Városliget garden Concept and construction plans Parkhasználati vizsgálatok és fejlesztési koncepció
Tanszéki csoportmunka Baji Hajnalkával és Reith Anitvál, 2012
04 N
5
10
15
CENTRAL ELEMENT - THE STYLIZED TREE
4,00 m
THE DESIGN CONTEST
The curators of the Hungarian Pavilion of the 14th International Architecture Biennale present their ideas with the title BUILDING. They wish to present an educational model called The Carpathian Basin Method, which is intimately connected with one of the main themes of the show, the community- and personality-shaping capacity of building, and its influence on the built environment. A key element of this project is the demonstrative BUILDING that takes place in the central atrium.
OUR CONCEPT
Our concept presents the circulation of the wood, the most characteristic material of the hungarian vernacular architecture. The circulation of the material is symbolized with the three most emblematic step of the progress: the tree, the wood, the humus. 2,10 m 2,10 m
ANALYSIS OF THE ATRIUM
Venice Biennale
05
physical connections of the central atrium
Concept plan for the reception area of the Hungarian Pavilon Student design contest - Teamwork
The first stage of the circulation is the living tree that nature and also source of the building material. The plant is presented in a glass cube that offers an opportunity to observe the soil and refers to the third stage of the circulation. In the atrium the tree provides shadow for the visitors.
2014
Designed by: Ádám Kétszeri, Ferenc Lebhardt, Hajnalka Baji, László Hamar, Máté Sárospataki, Orsolya Fekete
THE ATRIUM, THE TRIGEMINAL SPACE
visual connections of the central atrium
The central element of the installation is the stylized tree. It is built together with the visitors by everyone adding a wooden clip to the structure. This way the visitors can experience the Carpathian Basin Building method, the kalaka. The non living tree is the middle stage circulation the extended link between tree and the humus.
The third symbolic stage is the space of relief, where the glass cube of the first stage is repeated without living plant. Just like trees the building material - with an extended process by human - dissolves into humus. It is not the final station, rather the initial substrate for new life. In this space the visitors may take a short rest on the sitting cubes.
SHADOW PLAY The created pattern is inspired by the monarch butterfly wings and the traditional Hungarian ’matyó’ embroidery. During the analysis of the pattern's light and shadow conditions, I noticed that the shadow is more aesthetic at special hights of the light beams and concentrated lightsource creates better shadow. Eventhough during the design steps of the pattern I imagined it as part of a pergola's shading structure, according to these experiments the evolving shadow of the inwrought surface, is more attractive when the model was perpendicular to the surface of shadow. Therefore as an inwrought surface the main usage of the pattern are vertical shading structures and balustrades. As a coherent surface it can function as an adequate pavement.
POSSIBLE USAGE
Városliget Shadow play Shadow study ofvizsgálatok an organic pattern Parkhasználati és fejlesztési koncepció
Tanszéki csoportmunka Baji Hajnalkával és Reith Anitvál, 2012
2012
BALUSTRAD
PAVEMENT
SHADING STRUCTURE
The created pattern due to its organic dynamic evokes a secession atmosphere. In such a such an environment - as an inwrought vertical surface - the pattern can be used as part of a balustrad. The model illustrates the shadow shilouettes of the pattern along a day. It shows that the shadow is less attractive at low sun positions. Logical lighting might create an more decorative shadow pictures during early mornings and late evenings.
The created pattern could also function in the world of landscape architecture even without a shadow. As a coherent surface it could create the most frequented areas of a public park as a pavements.
Due to the dynamic of the motive, it can function as a shading wall also. The wall could be the focal point of a spatial composition, but also a subordinated element. The high variability of the wall ensures the great opportunities for tis usage. In urban spaces the well deliberated lighting should be also considered.
06
HABITAT IMITATION Initially I was studying the related botanical literature about the structure of Congoian rainforest, the different levels of plants and also the plant species that can be found there. After selecting the most characteristic morphological attributes of these plants, I was searching for species that has the defined morphologycal signs and subsist in the Hungarian climate. After matching the"couples", the imitator plants were classified according to its poisonousness, how credibly imitates the tropical species, what are the matching attributes with the rainforest plant, how sensitive they are, how quickly can they regenerate, how much maintenance they need. This study let me choose the most characteristic imitator plants that can be the most durable in the enclosure.
5
10
WESTERN GORILLA ENCLOSURE (Gorilla gorilla)
FOCUS OF THE THESIS In my BSc Thesis I was studying the main prinicples of enclosure design and researching the imitation possibilities of the exhibited animal's natural habitat. The tree selected enclosures I was studying at the Zoo Budapest - the brown bear enclosure, the savannah enclosure and the gorilla exhibit - are from tree different climate zones, offering the opportunity to study three different climate imitation. In my portfolio I will introduce the studies of the western gorilla enclosure.
THE HUGE ROCKY MOUNTING
"THE MAGIC MOUNATIN"
A'
The enclosure was constructed in 2008. According to my BSc Thesis my duty was to analize the functioning and the aesthetic values of the enclosure and suggest further developments in order to enhance the environment for the animals and to emphasize the link between the natural habitat of the animal and the enclosure. To fulfil this goal I was consulting with veteran and geologists of the Zoo Budapest (Dr. Endre Sós) to get acquaintance of the special needs and natural behavior of the animals. In the mean time I was studying the natural habitat of the western gorillas, the rainforests of Congo. visitor viewpoints areas that are visible from the viewpoints
2. 1.
SUGGESTED WETLEND EXPANSION
SUGGESTED HUT
SUGGESTED PLAANT ENRICHMENT
THE GREATE APE HOUSE
3.
1. WESTERN GORILLA ENCLOSURE 2. BROW BEAR ENCLOSURE 3. SAVANNAH MIXED ENCLOSURE
EXISTING WATER MOAT SUGGESTED PLAANT ENRICHMENT A
inlets for the keepers connections with the inside enclosures
Városliget BSc Thesis Parkhasználati vizsgálatok fejlesztési koncepció Zoo enclosure design and habitatés imitation at Zoo Budapest Tanszéki csoportmunka Development suggestions for the gorilla enclosure Baji Hajnalkával és Reith Anitvál, 2012 2011
DEVELOPMENT SUGGESTIONS According to the studies of the natural habitat of the western gorillas; the interviews with the zoo keepers, veterinarians and zoologists; the related husbandries and local laws; the plant classification and my landscape architectural convinctions I suggested several development options for the gorilla enclosure. The main aim of these suggestions were: - develop the comfort of the enclosure for the animals by - creating visually separated spaces where they can be seen less and can hide from each other - enrich their environment (by plants, play structures) - foster a more credible habitat imitation by - sufficient plant species - terrain that refers to the Congoian rainforest - create more naturalistic enclosure by - sufficient plant species - hiding the barriers of the enclosure - hiding the viewpoints from eache other
ENCLOSURE SECTION A-A' thin mesh fence, almost invisible trunk fence vines makes the trunk fence more naturalistic
terrain refers to the Congoian rainforest
enrichment element rope structure vegetation hides the electric fence
01
MAIN ELEMENTS OF THE MASTERPLAN maintanence inlets maintanence areas inlet from existing zoo area
visitor entrance
MATERPLAN CONCEPT
elevated roads green surfaces
pavement
existing buildings enclusres moved ferris wheel
Miocene Hall Once Upon a Time land The Grange
planed buildings
navigable stream BIODOME glass dome structre
info point
ornamental pool
restroom cattering playground existing zoo inlets maintanence
Városliget Zoo Budapest Parkhasználati vizsgálatokfor ésZoo fejlesztési koncepció Enlargement masterplan Budapest Tanszéki csoportmunka Teamwork Baji Hajnalkával és Reith Anitvál, 2012 2012
Designed by: Anita Reith, Hajnalka Baji, György Zsigmond, Orsolya Fekete
maintanence area expansion area The director of Zoo Budapest, Dr. Persányi Miklós entrusted the Landscape Architectural Faculty at Corvinus University of Budapest to create a masterplan concept for the future expansion of the zoo. The faculty formed a group of master students that was working on this plan for a semester. The former site of the Budapest Theme Park had several rides that are part of the architectural heritage of Budapest and had to be preserved as it is in the 6 acre area. According to the idea of Mr. Persányi, the new part of the zoo has three different thematic areas: the Miocene Hall, the Grange and the Once Upon a Time land. Our plan integrates the existing facilities of the theme park, creating smooth connection between the different thematic areas, extinct the Once upon a time thematic with naturalistic tale elements such as The Roundforest and The Beanstalk.
02
Városliget Zoo Budapest Parkhasználati vizsgálatokfor ésZoo fejlesztési koncepció Enlargement masterplan Budapest Tanszéki csoportmunka Teamwork Baji Hajnalkával és Reith Anitvál, 2012 2012
Designed by: Anita Reith, Hajnalka Baji, György Zsigmond, Orsolya Fekete
The animals at the Miocene hall represents fauna of the miocen era. Some of the enclosures has outlets from the biodome (elephants, rhynos, gaurs and bantangs), but some of them has only inside enclosures in the biodome. In the middle of the dome a 12 meter high hill is located, that has a significant effect on the atmosphere. The hill houses several maintenance functions, but also opportunity to present nocturnal animals. On the ground level runs a circulated stream that is sometimes (visually) integrated in the animals exhibits, but also navigable for visitors (the to different function is separated by underwater walls and hidden by lush aquatic vegetation). The streams runs through the middle of the hill providing special occasion to exhibit animals from the boats. The biodome has a multi level roadsystem. The lower level shows the animals that lives in the ground level or underwater at this ecosystem (by lowering the road). The upper level (8 meters) can be reached through the hill and also at a column located at the boat station. This road guides us throught the habitats of the arboreal animals. During walking on these trails the visual barriers prevents the cross-viewing between visitors. The two sections are taken in different directions of the Biodome, one at the side of the hill and an other at the lower parts.
02
DEVELOPMENT OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
The first menagerie that was created by sientific purposes - the Garden of Knowledge and Wisdom - was established in BC 1150 close to Benjing, by Wan Wang emperor. Despite the development of zoos, the living conditions of the animals didn't change much until the end of the XX. century (appart from the disapperance of seraglios of fighting animals). The animals were kept in stacks and cages in poor, stimulus less areas. Although the aim that the environment of the captive animals should refer to its natural habitat was stated in 1792 by Bernardin de Saint-Pierre, the first approaches could be seen only in the beginning of the XX. century. In the first enclosures the animals were exhibited in bit more naturalistic outdoor areas. The main principal of the enclosures were to suggest the illusion that the animal is not in captivity, so the bars were changed for dry moats and atrifiicial rocks were referring to the natural habitats.
CAGES OF MENAGERIES
ENCLOSURES
HABITATS OF IMMERSION DESIGN
As humanity was developing, more researches were carried out about the demands of the animals. Due to this process the enclosures become more comfortable. The next step of the animal welfare in zoos was the invention of immersion design, that offers an enriched environment for the animals that refers to its natural habitat. The habitat of the species is streching out from the enclosure, involving the visitors to the same atmosphere. In the same time, the design solutions hides the confinement methods of the enclosure offering the experience of observing the animals in their natural habitat.
IMMERSION DESIGN*
GUIDELINES FOR THE STRUCTURE OF THEMATIC AREAS
The three main aims of zoos are conservation, research and education. The last one can be fulfilled only if the attention of the visitors are directed to the relations between the animals and their environment. It can be achieved by raising the excitement. Observing an animal in its natural habitat could provoke the thrill that might change the attitude of the visitor and attract its attention to complex interrelations.
routes are oriented exhibits the panoramas in a deliearated sequence the meandering road increases the curiosity and reveals new scenes after each turn has a few viewpoints, the edges of enclosures are not transparent along the whole path
This impact can be achieved only if the entire zoo has a coherent theme. The themaic system must be informative and consequent and exhibit the animals in a logical sequence. It should present the species of each ecosystem with an appropriate emphasize. Each enclosure should be naturalistic and exhibited from just few, but well defined viewpoints.
viewpoints none of the reveals the whole enclosure the visitors cannot see each other from the opposite viewpoints well defined axis between enclosure might be created, but not through fences (the confinement solution is still hidden)
These goals can be fulfilled only after complex development projects lead by the principles of immersion design - that offer a new zoo experience. To ensure this consequence, each zoo must develop a master plan that anticipate the future developments and leads each project to a coherent structure.
ENTRANCE EXIT
ENCLOSURE PATHWAY VIEWPOINTS VISUAL BARRIERS
irregular enclosure layout more diverse habitat opportunity to hide from the other individuals visitors cannot estimate the size and ends of the enclosure it offers an opportunity to exhibit the enclosure from several different viewpoints "sell the enclosure twice"
VISIBLE AREAS MAIN VIEW AXIS
SPATIAL STRUCTURES*
Városliget Research History of zoo design Parkhasználati vizsgálatok és fejlesztési koncepció Spatial structure case studies Tanszéki csoportmunka Design approaches of immersion exhibits Baji Hajnalkával és Reith Anitvál, 2012 2014
*Based on the principals of Erik van Vliet. (Thank you Erik!)
03 REGULAR STRUCTURE
ISLAND STRUCTURE
MAIN ROAD & THEMATIC LOOPS
HUB & SPOKE
Mostly in historical or small size institutions can be observed the regular road structure that builds from longitudional axels. The perpendicular system offers an opportunity to line up the enclosures next to each other. This structure fosters easy orientation, but not much surprises for the visitors since they always have a broad picture of the upcoming scenes.
The island structure is another typical system in historical gardens. It has close relations to the english landscape gardens that were popular through XIX. century. All the specific functions and enclosures are located in the islands that are surrounded by the visitor areas. Due to this layout the visitor areas are extended and most of the enclosures' edges are transparent. This system doesn't foster easy orientation and has no sequence or emphasizes.
The main road & thematic loops structure is based on hierarchy. The main road - that could be also one-way with two entrances or a single loop - guides the visitor through the zoo offering the opportunity of choosing from the thematic loops that offers more personal experiences in each areas. Each thematic loop refers to the atmosphere of the area they are located at, so it helps orientation also.
The hub & spoke structure is very functional, helps orientation but can be established only in entirely renewed zoos. It consist of a main road that leads to a central square. Each thematic areas' loops start & ends here and practically all commercial units are located here. Each loop has a significant sequence and guides the visitor through the entire thematic area.
London Zoo
Zoo Budapest
Smithsonian Zoo, Washington D.C.
Gelsenkirchen-Ei Zoo, Erleniswelt
I. LANDSCAPE
ARCHITECTURAL ANALYSIS
II. NEED
FOR DEVELOPMENT
< Nyíregyháza
MAIN ATTRACTIONS
SOSTO ZOO
SOSTO FOREST
1.
1.
ATTRACTIONS
2. 3. 4. 5.
NYÍREGYHÁZA
AIM OF THE DIPLOMA THESIS bus stop
The aim of my Diploma is to create the master plan for Sosto Zoo in collaboration with the leadership and the representatives of each profession (zoology, biology, education, management). After defining the masterplan my goal is to create the development plans for area that needs improvement the most.
main road sytem bus #8
The current road system fulfils its most important functions and is adapted to the main attractions, but doesn't form a hierarchical system. The unbalanced structure makes orientation more difficult and cannot serve each area properly. A hierarchical road system with a significant main loop and several thematic loops could functions better in this zoo.
2.
NEED FOR DEVELOPMENT
To define the area that needs improvement the most, I was analyzing the distribution of the most popular attractions, the usage of the road system, the history of the developments. All these examinations show that the area that needs urgent development is in in the southern side of the park, the European and North-American forest.
3.
HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENTS
CATEGORISATION OF ENCLOSURES
In order to create a well functioning, flexible and credible masterplan I created a database of the enclosures. After collecting these information I classified the enclosures according to its borders. I created 4 big classes, each having several groups of enclosure types. According to each enclosure type I can define the main principle design solutions, making the masterplan more specific, not "only" a general strategy of thematic system.
IV.
ENTRANCES USAGE OF THE ROADS
I started my work with the landscape architectural attitude, by a multiple analyzation of the zoo's structure. In the first step I am studying the current functions, the connections with the city, the layout and condition of enclosures, the distribution of the maintenance areas, the futural development plans and the history of the zoo.
III.
The distribution of the popular attraction in the zoo are highly unbalanced. Most of them are located close to the entrance, just several in the middle, but currently none of the southern exhibits are popular enough to attract significant amount of visitors.
train lines
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURAL ANALYSIS
II.
arctic path sealion show greenpiramid & acenarium tarzan's path white tigre
ROADSYSTEM AND USAGE
train station
UNDERLYING DOCUMENTATION I.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
2014 2006 - 2010 2002 - 2005 1998 - 2001
THEMATIC COHERENCE
1996 - 1997
The analyzation of the current thematic organization of the zoo is the basis of this chapter. I also studied the thematic systems that could be detected (taxonomical, origin based, natural habitat based). These studies helps to define the thematic system that fulfils the futural plans of the zoo the most, meets most of the current distribution of the enclosure and yould be the basis for the masterplan.
FUNCTIONS OF THE MAINTENANCE AREAS
1. 2. 3.
Sóstó Zoo Városliget
4.
Analysis for master Parkhasználati vizsgálatok plan és fejlesztési koncepció Tanszéki csoportmunka ...in progress Baji Hajnalkával és Reith Anitvál, 2012 2014
4.
É
LEGEND
greensurfaces
szolgálati lakások, öltözők, szobrász műhely géppark, trágyatároló, műhelyek takarmánykonyha takarmány raktár /szénatároló, mélyhűtők/
FUNCTIONS
restrooms
education
enclosures
restaurants
hotel
development areas
parking
shop
maintenance areas
amphiteatre
quarantine
services
bus stop
bike path
animal houses
1980's
The distribution of development projects shows, that the main focus is on areas that are located close to the entrance. There was no development at the southern areas in the last 10 years.
THE AREA THAT NEEDS IMPROVEMENT THE MOST According to each analyzis the southern area, the European and North-American temperate forest needs the most urgent development. Due to to the old enclosures and not super exciting species (for an average visitor), and the difficult orientation this area is poorly visited. A well structured road system would foster people to visit these areas. A coherent and attractive thematic area could exhibit these species in a very interesting way and might attraction greater public.
04
III.CATEGORISATION OF ENCLOSURES
HIG HT S( m) DE PTH OF MO CO ATS LO (M UR ) VIS OF F IBI ENC LIT ES /W Y AL TYP LS ICA LL AY # OU EN T CL OS UR E
PA TTE RN BA RR IER AD TYPE DIT ION AL STR U
CTU RE SC TYP MAT ICA IC S L B ECT AR IO RIE NS RS OF AN IM AL S
In order to create a well functioning, flexible and credible masterplan I created a database of the enclosures. Each exhibited species, its origin, natural habitat and the details of the enclosures are recorded in a table. After collecting these information I classified the enclosures according to its borders. I created 4 big classes (WALL, FENCE, MOAT, MINIMAL BARRIER), each has several groups of enclosure types. Each enclosure of the small groups (W1, F5, M2 ...) exhibits similar species and has similar attributes. The importance of this classification is not only to get acquintance with the zoo, but also creates a credible base for the masterplan. According to each enclosure type I can define the main principle design solutions that can make them more naturalistic. (Treating the borders, opening, plant usage and other typical improvement solutions). This way the masterplan will have specific suggestions for each enclosure of the zoo, not "only" a general strategy.
WALLS W1
glass window
arctic mammals
2,5-4
-
-
12, 15, 16, 17, 18
W2
glass window
great ape, big carnivores
3-3,5
-
-
20, 73, 105
W3
glass wall
small mammals, turtles
1
-
-
11, 53, 58, 66, 68, 79, 94, 95, 109
W4
glass wall
great ape
2-3,5
-
-
30, 31, 32, 57, 59, 60, 71, 98, 101, 104
F1
glass window
big carnivores (felides)
3,5-4,5
-
33, 51, 52, 69, 93, 96
F2
-
ungulents
1,6-2
-
F3
glass window, vineplants -
small carnivores, monkies
1, 13, 14, 27, 40, 41, 80, 90, 91, 106, 110, 111
2,5-3,5
-
26, 28, 29, 33, 35, 55, 56, 76, 81
2-3
-
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 24, 25, 61, 64, 77
1
-
39, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 88
4-5
-
2, 82, 84, 85, 86, 99, 100, 108
FENCES STEEL FENCE
F4
WOODEN FENCE
small birds
F5
electric fence
equines, bovine
F6
-
bird of prey
M1
fence & rail
bisons, cervids
0,7-1,5
1-2
11, 54, 70, 74, 83, 87, 92
M2
rail & electric fence fence & electric fence
elephant, rhino
0,7
3-4
38, 62, 63, 65, 67, 72, 75, 78, 107
african ungulents
0,7
1-2
10, 23, 37
fence/wall
monkeys
0,4
1-2
19, 21
0,3-2,5
0,5
-
36, 102, 103
2-4
-
-
97, 99
MOATS
Sóstó Zoo Városliget Parkhasználati vizsgálatok Analysis for master plan és fejlesztési koncepció Tanszéki csoportmunka ...in progress Baji Hajnalkával és Reith Anitvál, 2012 2014
DRY MOAT
M3
WATER MOAT M4
MINIMAL BARRIERS I1 I2
fence/ watermoat nadler fence
birds, lemurs african ungulents
TYPICAL TAXONOMIC GROUPS
CONTINENT OF ORIGIN
The most traditional organisation system is the taxonomic theme. It fosters also easier maintenance and lets the visitors to compare the similar species. In areas where the visitors are more prepared about the animals, this thematic system might not give them enough educational information about the ecosystem. This organisational theme is just partly coherent in Sosto Zoo.
KINGDOM
CLASS
ORDER
FAMILY cosmopolitan species
CARTILAGINOUS FISH
The main organizing principle in Sosto Zoo is the continent of the species' origin, even the zoomap is organized according to this theme. The alaysis shows that currently this organization system is not coherent. From an educational point of view this thematic system is not progressive enough. The fact that two species are from the same continent do not reveal further information about the animals. /The gorilla and the camel has not much in common./
BONY FISH AMPHIBIANS TURTLES
ANIMALIA REPTILIES
CROCODILIA SCALED REPTILES
BIRDS
MAMMALS
ARCTIC PATH TARZAN PATH
ASIA AUSTRALIA WORLD OF ANDOK
TROPICAL FOREST
AFRICAN SAVANNAH
PROBOSCIDEA ODD-TOED UNGULATE EVEN-TOED UNGULATES
CANIDAE
CARNIVORS
URSIDAE
PRIMATES
NORTHAMERICA
NORTHAMERICA
FELIDAE MOST TYPICAL GROUPS IN ZOOS HAS DIFFERENT HIARERCHIA OF TAXONOMY
EUROPE
ADDITIONAL CATHEGORIES
the grange, the Victoria house
CURRENT THEMATIC AREAS
IV. THEMATIC COHERENCE
The current thematic system in Sosto Zoo is not coherent, which does not fosters educational role and sometimes makes the orientation harder. From the three organizational system one should be chosen, that fits the most into the future concepts of the zoo and has educational purposes also, and also relates to the current layout.
According to the database I analyzed the current thematic organization of the zoo and also the ones that could be detected (taxonomical, origin based, natural habitat based). After comparing the coherence of each system, it is possible to define the thematic system that fulfils the futural plans of the zoo the most, and meets most of the current distribution of the enclosure.
04
REPRESENTED VEGETATIONS IN THE THEMATIC AREAS DEPENDING ON TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATE
VEGETATION TYPE DEPENDING ON PRECIPITATE
DESERT
GRASSLAND
FOREST
The main vegetation type of the animals original habitat is very coherent organizing principle in Sosto Zoo and it also fits into the zoo's vegetation levels. To keep this consistency is a main sustainable principle.
TEMPERATURE forró égöv
TROPICAL DESERT
mérsékelt égöv TEMPERATE
DESERT
hideg égöv
POLAR DESERT 10
20
30
40
SAVANNAH
TROPICAL RAINFOREST
GRASSLAND
DECIDUOUS FOREST
GRASSLAND
PINE FOREST
50
60
QUANTITY OF PRECIPITATE cm/
70
80
90
100
110
tematikus területegységek
new species
restrooms restaurant maintenance area
SHEMATIC FIGURE OF HIDING THE BARRIEERS & CREATING NATURALISTIC MORE ENCLOSURE
THE EXISTING STRUCTURE OF THE EUROPEAN AND NORTH AMERICAN THEMATIC AREAS
CARPATIONS
ROCKY MOUNTAIN
PERSIAN LEOPARD
AMERICAN BISON
CONCEPT PLAN FOR THE EUROPEAN AND NORTH AMERICAN THEMATIC AREAS WOLF
CAMEL
EXISTING TERRAIN
BROWN BEAR SIBERIAN TIGER
LYNX
AXIS DEER
EUROPEAN BISON,
MOUFLON MOOSE
BROAR
LEGEND exhibited buildings animal houses
PHEASANT FALLOW DEER EUROPEAN BISON, ROAR MISHMI TAKIN
EXISTING TERRAIN
enclosures
RED DEER
lush vegetation /visual barriers/
FALLOW DEER
SNOWY OWL
artificial creeck artificial hill
WOLF
LYNX
elevated wooden path
LEGEND
visual connections
kifutók
viewpoints
borítottság
moats
BROWN BEAR
betekintők
thematicaly noncoherent enclosures
Sóstó Zoo Városliget
themaical units
thematicaly noncoherent enclosures
MOUNTAIN LION
MOUFLON
MAIN LOOP
PERSIAN LEOPARD
04
MOOSE
NORTH AMERICA AVIARY
Analysis for master Parkhasználati vizsgálatok plan és fejlesztési koncepció Tanszéki csoportmunka ...in progress Baji Hajnalkával és Reith Anitvál, 2012 2014
CAMEL
SIBERIAN TIGER
PRONGHORN
VAPITI
AXIS DEER
EUROPE
AMERICAN BISON
COYOTE
RED DEER
É
MISHMI TAKIN
10
50
100
Városliget Photography
01
Parkhasználati vizsgálatok és fejlesztési koncepció Tanszéki csoportmunka Baji Hajnalkával és Reith Anitvál, 2012
2012 -2013
FREEHAND STUDYDRAWINGS
NATURAL TRAIL DRAWINGS
Freehand Városligetdrawing Streetscapes & plant study drawings Parkhasználati vizsgálatok és fejlesztési koncepció 2009 -2011
Tanszéki csoportmunka Natural trail drawings Baji Hajnalkával és Reith Anitvál, 2012
2012
The local government of the XVI. and the XVII. district of Budapest decided to create guided natural trails on two nature conservation areas of Budapest. My drawings had educational purposes to present the endemic and indigenous flora and fauna of the areas on wooden boards. The drawing are species specific created by indian ink and pastels.
02
Thank you for your attention Orsolya Fekete
+36 30 502 3011 ms.orsolya.fekete@gmail.com