fabrication aid booklet
2013 instructor: benjamin ortega department: UNM SAA+P sponsor: UNM continuing education faculty advisor: kristina yu course: fabrication workshop_summer 2013 benjamin ortega email: bno60650@gmail.com
notes
2013 instructor: ben ortega department: UNM SAA+P sponsor:UNM continuing education faculty advisor: kristina yu course: fabrication workshop_summer 2013
book 1
book content
notes 1.) vocabulary
2.) 2d drawing 3.) 3d drawing
4.) elevation development
5.) parametric drawing
6.) laser cutting
7.) 3d printing
notes
vocabulary mental or physical effort done in order to achieve a result.work a category of people or things having common characteristics.type a range of values forming a standard system for measuring something.scale the numerical amount denoted by an algebraic term. i.e. 10 pounds.value the rate at which someone or something is able to move or operate.speed the process of making or manufacturing from components or raw material.production a material thing that can be seen or touched.object the amount of space that a substance or object occupies.volume the external form or appearance.shape the visible shape or configuration of something.form a particular form of procedure for accomplishing or achieving something.method the matter from which a thing is or can be made.material the critical or decisive moment.point a continuos set of points that has length and breadth but no thickness.surface relating to the use of signals or information representing a continuously changing physical quantity.analog the action or process of manufacturing or inventing something.fabrication a long, narrow mark or band.line involving or relating to the use of computer technology.digital having direction as well as magnitude.vector
methods
vector drawing
notes
line
vector drawing
curve
polyline
interpcrv point
rectangle circle
ellipse polygon group join
array
array crv
point grid
point cloud hatch
pixel grid curve group join
closecrv oc tree vornoi
rebuildcrv delaunay
spanning circles network
command list
commands
dim (dimension) trim
fillet
scale 2d scale
convex hull scale 1d split arc
offset area
online resources: http://4.rhino3d.com http://4.rhino3d.com/4/help/commandlist http://wiki.mcneel.com/labs/home http://wiki.mcneel.com/labs/pointsetreconstruction
notes
instruction:
vector drawing
step 1:command_polyline step 2:command_circle step 3:command_offset step 4:select_circle step 5:offset distance_.25 step 6:select_ 2 circles step 7:command_hatch step 8:command_hatch_pattern scale_.125 (see fig.1)
fig.1
exercise 1: open file_vector lesson 1 use the existing boundary and integrate the grid into your drawing use the polyline & circle command to create a composition complete your drawing, now use the offset command on vectors offset circles & lines within the values of .1 to .5 now use the hatch command with varied patterns and pattern scales
example composition
vector drawing
hints: hint: to use the hatch command do the following select 2 circles that are connected based on the offset command hatch the two selected circles hint: to use the hatch command with a polyline, connect the two line with two new polylines. use the join & closecrv commands to closethe polygon shape select the 4 polylines hatch the closed polygon this creates a closed polygon shape
example composition #2
vector drawing
hints: hint: create a rectangle with a the porportion 1:2.4, use the command array to create rectangular grid. hint: use similar geomoetries to create a more visually ordered composition
notes
instruction: step 1: command_rectangle step 2: command_circle step 3: command_move step 4: command_trim step 5: command_join step 6: command_hatch
exercise 2: open file_ vector lesson 2 utilize grid draw a circle_.75 radius draw a rectangle_2 x 2 move the circle into the perimeter of the square join the remaining vectors trim the overlapping vectors hatch the geometry
vector drawing
example composition
vector drawing
hints: hint: use the rotate command on drawn polygons hint: trim intersecting vectors by selecting all of the drawn polygons hint: join desired trimmed objects to one another hint: use different hatch patterns & patterns scales to create visual hierarchy hint: use the layers command to color your vectors and hatched polygons
notes
instruction:
step 1:command_polygon
step 2:number of sides_3 step 3:value_.125
step 4:command_array
step 5:select objects_polygon previously drawn step 6:x value_4 step 7:y value_4
step 8:x spacing_.5 step 9:y spacing_.5
step 10:finish command_enter
step 11:select arrayed polygons step 12:command_group
exercise 3: open file_vector lesson 3
draw a series of geometries within the grid
use the array command using the geometries created x direction value_8
y direction value_21 x spacing_.5 y spacing_.5
group arrayed objects
use yours layers on each array command name layers & create new layers change layers for each command
vector drawing
notes
instruction: step 1:command_curve step 2:command_circle step 3:radius value_.125 step 4:command_arraycrv step 5:select_object to array step 6:select_curve for array step 7:value between objects_.5
exercise 4: open file_vector lesson 4 draw the geometries that you plan to array along a curve draw the curves in which you plan to array the previous geometries follow the procedure instructed above
vector drawing
example composition
vector drawing
hints: hint: use symmetrical geometry to create symmetrical arrays hint: distribute arrayed objects on the basis established design parameters hint: experiment with various geometries on a curve hint: set up a scale in which you develop your arrays
notes
instruction: step 1:google search step 2:search_cad blocks (cben.net) step 3:looks up desired blocks step 4:search_cars for example step 5:download .dwg file step 6:file_import .dwg in rhino step 7:copy to clipboard imported drawing (ctrl c) step 8:paste to desired file (ctrl p)
vector drawing
exercise 5: open file_vector lesson 5 download vector files from the internet import .dwg formatted files into rhino use vector files to populate your drawing file this process is tricky, so i suggest students take notes on the method these drawings can be manipulated.
example composition
hints: hint: http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/3d_resources/models hint: group the imported models or place them on a individual layer hint: sketchup.google.com/3dwarehouse
vector drawing
methods
3d modeling
notes
extrudecrv extrudesrf
3d modeling
box
loft
contour
booleandifference booleansplit booleanunion
booleanintersection cage
cageedit cap
mesh cone
torus
ellipsoid drape
extractsrf filletsrf
flattensrf
flowalongsrf helix
cylinder meshbox
meshcone
meshcylinder
command list
rebuild
offsetsrf
offsetmesh paraboloid patch pipe
sweep1 sweep2 make2d
revolve rebuild
textobject unrollsrf
online resources: http://4.rhino3d.com http://4.rhino3d.com/4/help/commandlist http://wiki.mcneel.com/labs/home http://wiki.mcneel.com/labs/pointsetreconstruction
notes
instruction:
step 1:command_box
3d modeling
step 2:click in viewport
step 3:click again to specify the rectangles extents
step 4:click again to specify the rectangles height/volume
step 5:in the perspective viewport,hold right click to rotate around model step 6:command_rectangle
step 7:select the rectangle step 8:command_planarsrf step 9:select planar srf
step 10:command_rotate 45 in front viewport step 11:command_rotate 45 in right viewport step 12:command_rotate 45 in top viewport
step 13:command_move planar srf to intersect the box step 14:command_booleanintersection step 15:select box
step 16:select planar srf
step 17:hit enter to complete booleanintersection command step 18:select planar srf and hit delete
step 19:select one the two split pieces of the box and delete one
exercise 1: open file_3d lesson 1_boolean operations construct 3d geometries utilize the boolean operations in the perspective viewport command_make 2d organize your 2d drawings on the sheet provided in the file
example composition
3d modeling
hints: hint:
use boolean functions interchangeably to achieve desired results hint:
these functions deal with additive or subtractive results to your volume hint:
in boolean difference function, the cutting objects cannot be within the boundary of the subtracting volume hint: make sure your volumes are closed polygons. use the command_cap hint:
select your geometry and use the command_booleanunion to join them into one volume
notes
instruction:
3d modeling
step 1: command_curve step 2: draw a simple curve using three points step 3: repeat the pervious steps 3 times step 4: command_offset step 5: offset distance_.25 step 6: command_polyline step 7: connect the offset vectors their mate and command_join step 8: command_extrudecrv,command_cap step 9: extrude distance_9 step 10: create geometries for using boolean functions step 11: using the boolean functions add or subtract from your extrusions
exercise 2: open file_3d lesson 2_extrudecrv & boolean functions examine the sample, and create your own composition unitize commands_curve,polyline,join,extrudecrv,cap in sequence then, use your extrusions as a canvas for the use of the boolean functions create closed polygons to subtract & add to your extrusions
example composition
3d modeling
hints: hint: remember,the boolean functions from exercise 1 require closed geometries hint: close your geometries by the command_cap, or command_join hint: delete, move & copy geometries after a completed boolean function hint: closed extrusions have volume, this is helpful when utilizing the 3d printer to examine cost, strength, and printability
notes
instruction: 3d modeling step 1: maximize your right viewport step 2: command_curve step 3: draw a 5 point curve step 4: repeat step 3 at least 3 times step 5: minimize your right viewport, then maximize your top viewport step 6: command_move step 7: move your drawn curve in multiples of 9. (9,18,27,etc.) step 8: command_loft step 9: select your curve, hit enter to complete the loft command step 10: command_rebuild step 11: u value_18 step 12: v_value_18 step 13: command_pointson step 14: select points and modify your surface in the z direction step 15: command_pointsoff step 16: select surface step 17: command_offsetsrf step 18: offset value_1 step 19: check or turn solid offset during the offsetsrf command function
exercise 3: open file_3d lesson 3_loft & control points using the sample the instructions above, create a lofted surface using the command_pointson, modify your geometry offset your final surface a distance of 1 unit.
example composition
3d modeling
hints: hint: use align curves during the loft function if your surface is tangled hint: use command_extractwireframe to output your drawing hint: use command_make2d to acquire a flat drawing of your lofted surface hint: hold shift while adjusting points to ensure the deformation orthographically hint: draw your curve from left to right to ensure they are aligned for lofting
notes
instruction: step 1: command_rectangle step 2: distance x_30 step 3: distance y_30 step 4: select drawn rectangle step 5: command_planarsrf step 6: select planar surface step 7: command_rebuild step 8: u value_30 step 9: v value_30 step 10: command_pointson step 11: select point (6,6) step 12: command_move step 13: move point down 12 units step 14: end point coordinate (6,6,-12) step 15: command_pointsoff step 16: select surface step 17: command_rebuild step 18: u value_90 step 19: v value_90 step 20: command_offset srf step 21: offset value_.1 step 22: command_rebuild step 23: u value_60 step 24: v value_60 step 25: command_extractwireframe step 26: select wireframe step 27: command_make2d step 28: file_exportselected step 29: file_export as.dwg format exercise 4: open file_3d lesson 4_export .dwg file examine the sample file and create your own for .dwg exporting export your .dwg file to the desktop place file on usb drive or email it to yourself switch operating systems to the mac side open adobe illustrator file_import (make sure your file is now on the desktop and select it) save file as a .pdf to the desktop email to or print this file to yourself
3d modeling
example composition
hints: hint:
less complex designs are easier to fabricate and easily understood hint:
developing a simple workflow, can add value to your design capacity hint:
vector drawings (.dwg) are almost universal in CAD software hint:
keeping an inventory of your process work is valuable in presentations hint:
copy your models each step that you modify them to create a process
critique your processes to gain knowledge about your personal strengths
3d modeling
notes
instruction:
step 1: use the instructions from exercise 3 to create a lofted surface step 2: select your lofted surface step 3: command_contour
step 4: choose a direction for the contour step 5: contour distance_.5
step 6: while contour line are still selected use command_group step 7: repeat steps 4 thru 6 in the perpendicular direction step 8: repeat step 6
step 9: select one group of contours step 10: command_extrudecrv
step 11: in the extrudecrv command type d
step 12: click above your model and hold shift
step 13a: while holding shift click below your model
step 13b: (this to insure that your direction is on the z axis) step 14: extrude distance value_1
step 15: click edit in the top toolbar
step 16: in select objects menu click_last create object step 17: group your created extrusions
step 18: repeat steps 11 thru 17 in the perpendicular direction step 19: select your two new grouped extrusions step 20: command_move
step 21: move your grouped extrusions 18 units
step 22: select extrusions in the perspective viewport & command_make2d
exercise 5: open file_3d file lesson 5
3d modeling
example composition
hints: hint: control your model with variations of spacing between cells hint: a contour command can also be set on a non orthanginal direction try a diagonal line and try to create a diagrid hint: select specfic ribs of the contour model and label them to develop a component system hint: lay out your components then create laser template for cutting
3d modeling
methods
elevation development
notes
instruction: step 1:command_box
elevation development
step 2:box constraints:x value_4,y value_4,z value_4 step 3:command_rectangle
step 4:rectangle constraints:x value_8,y value_8 step 5:select the rectangle step 6: command_planarsrf step 7:select planarsrf step 8:command_rotate
step 9:in the top,front,and right viewport rotate 45 degrees step 10:command_move
step 11:move rotated surface into intersection with a corner of the box step 12:command_booleansplit
step 13:select the box:press enter,select the plane:press enter step 14:select the split corner of the box:press delete step 15:select the plane:press delete step 16:select the modified box step 17:command_unrollsrf
step 18:in command uncheck all boxes, don't explode step 19:select the flattened piece step 20:command_extractwireframe
step 21:command_make2d, selected lines in the top viewport step 22:select 2d lines
step 23:in the menu bar_ click file:exported selected step 24:export file as .dwg with the name box 1
exercise 1: open file_3d lesson:elevation development_box 1 use the instructions provided and create a box with a simple subtraction export your flattened box in a .dwg format export your drawing to the desktop or your personal usb-drive switch your operating system to mac, and open adobe illustrator in illustrator create a new document. (file:new document) in the dialogue box: specify constraints:height_18in.,width_32in. file:place(place your .dwg file) in the place dialogue box:select maintain original dimensions place the perimeter of the unfolded box on one layer place the interior of the box on one layer
example composition
elevation development
hints: hint:
make sure your plane is intersecting three planes of your box
hint: the planes perimeter should not intersect the box to execute the booleansplit command hint: in illustrator the help icon will direct you to all functions hint:
save your file in illustrator as .ai or .dwg for the laser
methods
parametric drawing
notes
parametric drawing instruction: step 1: command_grasshopper step 2: file open_3d file_ lesson 6 _parametric boxes step 4: command_move step 3: command_point step 5: in grasshopper find point attractor module (see fig. 1) step 6: right click point attractor module step 7: click_set one point step 8: select your created point step 9: command_move step 10: move your box and observe the scale of the boxes change
fig. 1_point attractor module
exercise 1: open file_3d file_lesson 6_parametric boxes follow steps above when satisfied with your box design “bake” your design select “baked” design and make the drawing 2d in all viewports save these files as .dwg and transfer to the mac side operatin system open illustrator and scale and organize your four drawings save your file as a .pdf
parametric drawing
example composition
top elevation
front elevation
right elevation
hints: hint: grasshopper definitions can be found online as open source files hint: download grasshopper files and look at tutorials to create drawing alternatives hint: grasshopper is iterative and live, so you can change your drawing continously hint: live drawings contain a logic, create a logic for a drawing contruction hint: grasshopper is a parameter based drawing tool that is powerfulf for visulaization
notes
instruction: step 1: follow along with the instructor
parametric drawing
step 2: when your “definition” is complete adjust the parameters step 3: select your modules that you rhino to create in its interface step 4: command_make2d in all viewports step 5: export these drawings as 2d file step 6: isolate one of the hubs, and layout it out on the x,y,z axis step 7:copy this geometry step 8: open a new file with the units “inches” step 9: paste your geometry step 10: select your geomtry and copy it 11 times step 11: save this model as a .stl file step 12: put this file on your thumb drive
exercise 1: open file_3d file_lesson 7_parametric bucky hubs follow along with instructor, this will be the 3d print you will take home when satisfied with your polyhedra design “bake” your design select “baked” design and make the drawing 2d in all viewports save these files as .dwg and transfer to the mac side operatin system open illustrator and scale and organize your four drawings save your file as a .pdf
example composition
parametric drawing
notes
workshop itinerary day 1: hour 1: a. create a log on in the george peral hall computer lab b. learn how to switch between operating systems (mac & pc) c. on the mac side open adobe illustrator & google d. learn to open a file in illustrator and edit its contents e. learn to open a file in rhino and edit its contents f. disribute the f.a.b. manual to students g. examine and learn to use this manual h. take “notes” on the intructions of how to use the “f.a.b.” manual hour 2: a. learn how to access the storage drive on the computer b. create a folder in the course folder with your name c. this folder is the location that you will save all of your compositions d. learn to open a file between operating systems e. start using rhino with the exercises and examples f. start exercise 1 in the vector drawing module. g. save your file as .dwg with the label: your name_vector drawing 1.dwg h. save this file to your personal folder i. create a folder that will contain all of your work for the course j. open the master template in illustrator (save all your compositons here) h. open your .dwg file in illustrator i. save your file to your folder as a .pdf (label:your name_vector drawing 1.pdf) ---------------------------------15 minute break-----------------------------------------------------------------15 minute break--------------------------------hour 3 & 4: a. with the instructor (ben ortega) follow along while you learn to draw in rhino b. all 2d vector exercises will be done on the pc operating system & saved c. open your master template file up on the mac operating system in illustrator d. follow the pervious steps to create compositions from exercises e. all exercises should have a saved file to go along with them to show work done f. wrap up the day and ask questions
notes
workshop itinerary day 2: hour 1 & 2: a. introdution to 3d modeling and 3d printing via visual aids and images b. quaestions pertaining to 3d modeling and physical modeling c. start where students left off in the the course book. d. in illustrator, learn how to group, change color, and line weight of drawings ---------------------------------15 minute break-----------------------------------------------------------------15 minute break--------------------------------hour 3: a. start doing 3d modeling exercises within the course booklet. b. while following along with intstrucotr,students will generate their own compositions for the sake of the development of a workflow hour 4: a. the remaining time students will be asked to work on ther own to catch up with exercises from the course booklet within the 2d vector & 3d modeling modules b. students will instruct the teacher about their progress thus far and evalute & establish what is a good method for them to learn (last fifeteen minutes)
notes
workshop itinerary day 3: hour 1: a. work on exercises from the 3d modeling portion of the booklet b. finalize all drawings that lead into the elevation development module c. create a folder in the course folder for all of these drawings d. each student will print these drawings on the last day of the workshop hour 2: a. students will learn to create developable elevation drawings for fabrication b. students will create a geometry that can be applied to this method of production c. students will create 2 models, one that a instructor will teach the method & one of the students imagination. ---------------------------------15 minute break-----------------------------------------------------------------15 minute break--------------------------------hour 3: a. when these two examples are completed, students will create a 2d drawing to be sent to the laser cutter b. In illustrator students will learn how to access the laser template online & use it to set up their laser file. hour 4: a. learn to set up layers for the laser cutter. b. learn the difference between cut and score lines, and which applicable to their vector drawings in order to produce a high quality file c. save files and turn in to the instructor for laser cutting demonstration scheduled for the following day. d. discuss the possible relationships between 2d and 3d drawings & objects
notes
workshop itinerary day 4: hour 1 & 2: a. visit the fabrication lab, and see demonstrations of tools b. observe the laser cut out your file that was perpared from the pervious day c. ask question to matt gines & steve mora about tools, machines, and fabrication ---------------------------------15 minute break-----------------------------------------------------------------15 minute break--------------------------------hour 3 & 4: a. in the studio, fold, glue your 2d flattened geomoetry into its volumetric condition. b. discuss, your models amongst the group
notes
workshop itinerary day 5: hour 1: a. introduction to parametric drawing b. output a cube grid with a proximity points scaling the cubes within the 3d grid c. save this file in your folder, as a .dwg file hour 2,3 & 4: a. set up your files for printing b. print your files c. staple your work booklet and insert it into the pocket in the back cover of your “f.a.b. booklet d. look at one another ”f.a.b.” book e. fill out course evaluation form f. go home g. design awesome drawings, models, & ideas daily h. repeat “g.” for the rest of your life!