Lifting operations

Saipem LIFTING AND RIGGING OPERATIONS

TRAINING COURSE No. 13

09/05/16

Saipem / HSE DEPAR

1

LIFTING AND RIGGING OPERATIONS

• • • • •

PRELIMINARY LIFTING OPERATIONS’ VERIFICATION: Weight evaluation Sling lifting point Cranes lifting capacity ( diagrams and lifting chart ) Weight ripartition (baricenter concept) Sling lifting point WEIGHT SLINGING VERIFICATION:

• Lifting gear capacity • Use of soft materials between sharp edge and the sling 09/05/16

Saipem / HSE DEPAR

2

LIFTING AND RIGGING OPERATIONS

EQUIPMENT SAFETY MAINTENANCE ASSESSMENT

09/05/16

Saipem / HSE DEPAR

3

RECOMMENDED SLING ANGLE

09/05/16

Saipem / HSE DEPAR

4

SLINGING AND LIFTING OF LOADS

09/05/16

Saipem / HSE DEPAR

5

LIFTING OPERATIONS PRELIMINARY VERIFICATION: • Presence of materials not secured • Pay attention to the positions of hands & feet • Knowledge of conventional crane signal • The weight must be free from obstruction and not connected to the ground 09/05/16

Saipem / HSE DEPAR

6

LIFTING OPERATIONS PRELIMINARY VERIFICATION: • Presence of obstacles in the direction of the lifting.

• Keep the weight close to the ground level.

• The chains or slings are to be free from obstacles • Tag controlling line must be used.

09/05/16

Saipem / HSE DEPAR

7

LIFTING OPERATIONS PRELIMINARY VERIFICATION: • Horseplay or standing on lifted weight is forbidden.

• The crane operator must follow the banksman indication during the lifting operations.

09/05/16

Saipem / HSE DEPAR

8

LIFTING OPERATIONS SHIFTING OF LOAD

09/05/16

Saipem / HSE DEPAR

9

SLINGING AND LOAD’S LIFTING

09/05/16

Saipem / HSE DEPAR

10

CHOKER HITCH

•THE CHOKER HITCH IS OFTEN USED WHEN GRIPPING THE LOAD & WILL IMPROVE LOAD CONTROL.THE THE CAPACITY CAPACITY OF A OF A CHOKER HITCH IS CHOKER HITCH IS 75%TO 80% OF BASED ON THE HITCH THE SINGLE BEING PROPERLY LEG. FORMED. IN OTHER CHAIN, WIRE FOR THE FULL CHOKER ROPE AND CAPACITY TO BE SYNTHETIC SLINGS ARE AVAILABLE, THE ANGLE AFFECTED OF CHOKE FOR ALL TYPE OF SLINGS SHOULD BE AT LEAST 120° 120

09/05/16

Saipem / HSE DEPAR

11

LIFTING OPERATIONS PRELIMINARY VERIFICATION: • presence of obstruction in the working area.

• weight landing area clearly defined.

• don’t keep the load suspended.

• good stacking position ( pipe).

• slowly raise the weight.

09/05/16

Saipem / HSE DEPAR

12

LIFTING OPERATIONS LOWERING OF LOADS

09/05/16

Saipem / HSE DEPAR

13

CALCULATION OF MATERIALS’ WEIGHT

09/05/16

Saipem / HSE DEPAR

14

CALCULATION OF MATERIALS’ WEIGHT

09/05/16

Saipem / HSE DEPAR

15

CALCULATION OF MATERIALS’ WEIGHT CONVENTIONAL WEIGHT OF MATERIALS MEASURAMENT UNIT

WEIGHT IN KG.

STEEL

ONE CUBIC METER

7600 - 8100 KG.

WATER AT 4 DEGREE C'

ONE CUBIC METER

1000 KG.

ASBESTOS

ONE CUBIC METER

2100 - 2800 KG.

BRONZE

ONE CUBIC METER

7500 - 8300 KG.

CONCRETE

ONE CUBIC METER

2200 - 2500 KG.

ALLUMINIUM

ONE CUBIC METER

2800 KG.

IRON

ONE CUBIC METER

7400 - 7900 KG.

CAST IRON

ONE CUBIC METER

7000 - 7800 KG.

WOOD

ONE CUBIC METER

760 - 950 KG.

NICHEL

ONE CUBIC METER

8900 - 9200 KG.

BRASS

ONE CUBIC METER

8500 - 8600 KG.

STONE

ONE CUBIC METER

3000 KG.

LEAD

ONE CUBIC METER

11200 - 11300 KG.

COPPER

ONE CUBIC METER

8600 - 8900 KG.

SAND

ONE CUBIC METER

2000 KG.

TIN

ONE CUBIC METER

7300 - 7500 KG.

ZINC

ONE CUBIC METER

7200 KG.

MATERIALS

09/05/16

Saipem / HSE DEPAR

16

CENTER OF GRAVITY AND SLING LOADING SLING 1

SLING 2

10000kg

D1=5m

09/05/16

WHEN LIFTING VERTICALLY,THE LOAD WILL BE SHARED EQUALLY IF, THE CENTRE OF GRAVITY IS PLACED EQUALLY B/W THE PICK POINTS.IF THE WEIGHT OF THE LOAD IS 10000Kg, THEN EACH SLING WILL HAVE A LOAD OF 5000Kg. EACH SHACKLE AND EYE BOLT WILL ALSO HAVE A LOAD OF 5000Kg.

D2=5m

Saipem / HSE DEPAR

17

CENTER OF GRAVITY AND SLING LOADING THE LOCATION OF THE CENTRE OF SLING 1

SLING 2

GRAVITY RELATIVE TO THE PICK POINTS IS A VERY IMPORTANT CONSIDERATION

10000kg

D1=5m

09/05/16

D2=5m

Saipem / HSE DEPAR

18

CENTER OF GRAVITY AND SLING LOADING

SLING 1

SLING 2

10000kg

WHEN THE CENTRE OF GRAVITY IS NOT EQUALLY SPACED B/W THE PICK POINTS, THE SLINGS AND FITTINGS WILL NOT CARRY AN EQUAL SHARE OF THE LOAD. THE SLING CONNECTED TO THE PICK POINT CLOSEST TO THE CENTRE OF GRAVITY WILL CARRY THE GREATEST SHARE OF THE LOAD. SLING 2 IS CLOSEST TO C.O.G,IT WILL HAVE THE GREATEST SHARE OF LOAD: SLING2=10000 X 8/(8+2)=8000kg

D1=8m

09/05/16

D2=2m

SLING1=10000 X 2/(8+2)=2000kg

Saipem / HSE DEPAR

19

THE RIGGING TRIANGLE AND THE WORKING LOAD LIMITS OF RIGGING GEAR ALL ADD TO 180 DEGREES

INCLUDED ANGLE VERTICAL SLING ANGLE

HORIZONTAL SLING ANGLE

LOAD

09/05/16

HORIZONTAL SLING ANGLE

IN MOST LIFTS, ONLY A SINGLE HOOK IS AVAILABLE. THIS MEANS THAT MULTIPLE LEG SLINGS MUST BE COLLECTED AT THE LOAD HOOK. WHEN THIS IS DONE, WE FORM WHAT WE CALL A RIGGING TRIANGLE. THE INCLUDED ANGLE IS CHECKED FOR PROPER CONNECTION OF HOIST HOOK OR COLLECTOR RING. THE SLING ANGLE MUST BE KNOWN TO PROPERLY SELECT SLINGS AND FITTINGS AT THE LOAD CONNECTION.

Saipem / HSE DEPAR

20

THE RIGGING TRIANGLE BASIC FACTS SIDE LOADING CAN OCCUR AT LOAD. SLING LENGTH AFFECTS HORIZONTAL SLING ANGLE. 30° VERTICAL SLING ANGLE IS BEST, 60° IS WORST. AS VERTICAL SLING ANGLE BECOMES LARGER, THE LOAD IS “CRUSHED” AND SLINGS WORK HARDER. THE FITTINGS AT LOAD CONNECTION SEE SAME LOAD AS SLING.

09/05/16

Saipem / HSE DEPAR

WHEN COLECTED AT THE HOOK OR COLLECTOR RING, SLINGS PLACE A SIDE LOAD ON THE EYE BOLT OR LIFTING POINT AT THE LOAD.

21

THE RIGGING TRIANGLE 30 DEGREE VERTICAL SLING ANGLE YOU HAVE A 30° (OR SMALLER) VERTICAL SLING ANGLE WHEN: LENGTH OF SLING (INCLUDES SHACKLE) IS EQUAL TO OR LONGER THAN DISTANCE BETWEEN PICK POINTS

LENGTH OF SLING

TAPE

AS THE SLING LENGTH IS SHORTENED, THE VERTICAL SLING ANGLE IS INCREASED AS THE SLING LENGTH IS INCREASED, THE SLING ANGLE IS DECREASED.

DISTANCE BETWEEN PICK POINTS

09/05/16

Saipem / HSE DEPAR

22

THE INCLUDED ANGLE HOIST HOOKS

DO NOT EXCEED 90 DEGREES.

THE WORKING LOAD DEPENDS ON IT AND THE SLINGS SIT IN THE BASE OF THE HOOK AND CLEAR OF THE LATCH.

INCLUDED ANGLE: 90 DEGREES MAXIMUM

09/05/16

Saipem / HSE DEPAR

NEVER FOUL THE LATCH OF ANY HOOK, CARE MUST BE TAKEN WHEN PLACING SLINGS INTO HOOK. NEVER “FOUL” A LATCH BY ALLOWING THE SLING TO BEAR AGAINST THE LATCH.

23

THE VERTICAL SLING ANGLE LOAD MULTIPLIER EACH SLING SEES 1/2 OF WEIGHT. PLUS CRUSHING LOAD

AS THE VERTICAL SLING ANGLE BECOMES GREATER, THE SLINGS AND FITTINGS AT THE LOAD CONNECTION WORK HARDER. THE SLINGS ALSO PLACE MORE CRUSHING FORCE ON THE LOAD.

AS VERTICAL SLING ANGLE BECOMES LARGER, THE CRUSHING LOAD GOES UP.

09/05/16

Saipem / HSE DEPAR

24

THE VERTICAL SLING ANGLE LOAD MULTIPLIER SLING LOAD= VERTICAL LOAD X FACTOR 30°

45°

60°

80°

1.155

1.414

2.0

5.789

(1.2)

(1.4)

(2)

(6)

SLING LOAD= VERTICAL LOAD X L/H

09/05/16

10

30

45

60 DEGREES

Saipem / HSE DEPAR

ANGLE GREATER AS THE SLING ANGLE APROACHES 60°,THE MULTIPLIER INCREASES SIGNIFICANTLY. ABOVE 60° THE MULTIPLIER INCREASES EVEN MORE DRAMATICALLY. NEVER ALLOW A VERTICAL SLING THAN 60°.

25

THE VERTICAL SLING ANGLE L/H AND LOAD MULTIPLIER

L H

IN THE RIGGING TRIANGLE, IF YOU TAKE THE LENGTH OF THE SLING,( BEARING POINT TO BEARING POINT) AND DIVIDE BY THE DROP, YOU HAVE THE LOAD MULTIPLIER.

L/H = LOAD MULTIPLIER

09/05/16

Saipem / HSE DEPAR

26

MEASURE THE VERTICAL SLING ANGLE BY USE OF L/H L

H

IF L/H

VERTICA ANGLE

1.155 (1.2)

30 DEGREES

1.414 (1.4)

45 DEGREES

2

60 DEGREES

09/05/16

Saipem / HSE DEPAR

THE USE OF L/H OFFERS US SEVERAL TOOLS THAT CAN BE USED IN RIGGING. THE MOST BASIC TOOL IS THAT THE SLING ANGLE CAN BE MEASURED BY USE OF A TAPE MEASURE.

27

CALCULATE THE LOAD IN EACH LEG BY USE OF L/H L

H

10000kg IF L/H

THEN LOAD

1.2

1.2 X 5000=6000 kg

1.4

1.4 X 5000=7000kg

2

2 X 5000=10000kg

09/05/16

A MORE POWERFUL TOOL IS THE USE OF L/H TO CALCULATE THE LOAD IN EACH SLING LEG AND IN THE FITTING AT THE LOAD CONNECTION. REMEMBER THAT THE LOAD MULTIPLIER INCREASE THE VERTICAL LOAD(THE LOAD IF THE SLINGS WERE PULLING STRAIGHT UP).

Saipem / HSE DEPAR

28

DETERMINE CAPACITY OF BRIDLE IF ANGLE DIFFERENT FROM THAT ON TAG IF VERTICAL SLING ANGLE IS GREATER THAN THE ANGLE INDICATED ON THE TAG, THE SLING CAPACITY MUST BE DERATED

CAPACITY= CAPACITY ON TAG X L/H FOR ANGLE ON TAG L/H FOR ACTUAL ANGLE

09/05/16

Saipem / HSE DEPAR

29

LIFTING AND RIGGING OPERATIONS

LIFTING CAPACITY VARIATION RELATED WITH THE SLINGS ANGLE

09/05/16

Saipem / HSE DEPAR

30

09/05/16

Saipem / HSE DEPAR

31

LIFTING OPERATIONS METALLIC WIRE AND CABLE

09/05/16

Saipem / HSE DEPAR

32

HOISTS HOOKS LATCH REQUIREMENTS ANSI\ASME REQUIREMENTS “HOOKS SHALL BE EQUIPED WITH LATCHES” “LATCH EQUIPPED HOOKS SHALL BE USED” PERSONNEL BASKETS AND LOCKING LATCHES-OSHA “HOOKS SHALL BE OF TYPE THAT CAN BE CLOSED AND LOCKED”

09/05/16

Saipem / HSE DEPAR

HOOKS ON CHAIN FALLS, BLOCKS, BLOCK AND TACKLE AND HOISTING WINCHES MUST HAVE LATCHES. WHEN USED IN PERSONNEL LIFTING, THE LATCHES LOCKING METHOD MUST BE ENGAGED.

33

LIFTING OPERATIONS SLINGING REMOVAL AND HOOK RAISING

09/05/16

Saipem / HSE DEPAR

34

LIFTING AND RIGGING OPERATIONS • SLINGS, CHAINS & LIFTING GEAR VERIFICATION OF METALLIC SLINGS WHEN IS IT REQUIRED TO REPLACE THE SLING ?

09/05/16

Saipem / HSE DEPAR

35

LIFTING AND RIGGING OPERATIONS CAUSES OF SLINGS BREAKING: • Overloading • Bending on shape edge • Reductions of resisting sections (wire broken).

• Wire squeeze • Wire eccessively worn

09/05/16

Saipem / HSE DEPAR

36

METALLIC ROPES BREAKING CAUSES AND MAJOR DAMAGE

09/05/16

Saipem / HSE DEPAR

37

LIFTING OPERATIONS SLINGS, CHAINS & LIFTING GEAR • WORK HARDENING • WEAR • LOOSE WELDING • FLESSION ACTIONS • YIELD

09/05/16

Saipem / HSE DEPAR

38

CHAINS LIFTING CAPACITY REDUCTION RELATED TO THE WORKING ANGLE

09/05/16

Saipem / HSE DEPAR

39

LIFTING OPERATIONS NYLON AND TEXTILE ROPES

09/05/16

Saipem / HSE DEPAR

40

LIFTING OPERATIONS - HOOKS

09/05/16

Saipem / HSE DEPAR

41

LIFTING OPERATIONS CLAMPS AND PULLEY SECTION

DISTANCE

DIAMETER OF THE BOLT

09/05/16

Saipem / HSE DEPAR

42

LIFTING AND RIGGING OPERATIONS COMMON INJURIES HAPPENED AT THE RIGGERS: • Squeeze ( at finger, feet & hands ).

• Abrasion, cutting, prick.

• Contusion in some part of the body.

• Falling from elevation.

09/05/16

Saipem / HSE DEPAR

43

LIFTING OPERATIONS

09/05/16

Saipem / HSE DEPAR

44