2013 Edition
Foreign Trade Vademecum
land itzer ed Sw f m o a n s re ea Osec rpris Ente l a b Glo 13 ay 20 14 M
Table of contents Swiss economic key figures
3
Global view
4
Worldwide export development by region
4
Worldwide largest exporters
Worldwide import development by region
4 5
Worldwide largest importers
5
Swiss foreign trade
6
Swiss company landscape
Development of Swiss foreign trade Exports by destination country Imports by country of origin Exports by sector
Imports by sector Direct investments
6 6 7 8 9 9 10
Foreign countries with the largest capital stocks
10
Swiss capital stock by region
11
Direct investments Switzerland/abroad Swiss capital exports by region
10 12
Personnel at Swiss companies abroad by region
13
Services OF Switzerland global enterprise
14
Export Promotion
Import Promotion
Investment Promotion Global Network
Switzerland in international comparison SME Export Indicator
14 14 15 16 18 18
Swiss economic key figures Key figures 2010
2011 2012
GDP (nominal)1 in billion CHF
Economy
574.31
586.78 592.81
GDP (nominal) per capita1 in CHF
72,905 74,160 *74,140
GDP growth (real)1 3.0%
1.9% 1.0%
Inflation rate1 0.7%
0.2% -0.7%
Unemployment rate1 3.5%
2.8% 2.9%
Country
2009 2010 2011
Greatest agglomerations2 per thousand inhabitants Zurich 1,170.2 Geneva 521.4
1,188.6
1,204.0
526.4 530.7
Basel 498.0
497.7 500.6
Berne 350.8
353.3 355.6
Lausanne 330.9
336.4 342.2
Largest cities2 per thousand inhabitants Zurich 368.7
372.9 377.0
Geneva 186.0
187.5 188.2
Basel 166.2
163.2 164.5
Lausanne 125.9
127.8 129.4
Berne 123.5
124.4 125.7
Population3 2012 Permanent resident population per thousand inhabitants
8,036.9
Age groups in % (2011) 0 – 19 years
20.6%
20 – 39 years
26.7%
40 – 64 years
35.5%
65 years and older
17.2%
1 Source: Federal Statistical Office (FSO), State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO) * Estimate 2 Source: Federal Statistical Office (FSO), ESPOP (until 2009), STATPOP (from 2010) 3 Source: Federal Statistical Office (FSO), STATPOP, BEVNAT, ESPOP, SCENARIO
3
Global view Exports
5
6
7
1
4
3
2
1
Europe 37,1%
2
Asia 31,1%
3
North America 12,8%
4
Middle East 6,9%
5
South and Central America 4,2%
6
Africa 3,4%
7
Miscellaneous 4,5%
Source: WTO 2012
Worldwide export development by region Year
1953
1973
1993
2011
Europe
39.4%
50.9%
45.4%
37.1%
Asia
13.4%
14.9%
26.1%
31.1%
North America
24.8%
17.3%
18.0%
12.8%
Middle East
2.7%
4.1%
3.5%
6.9%
South and Central America
9.7%
4.3%
3.0%
4.2%
Africa
6.5%
4.8%
2.5%
3.4%
Miscellaneous
3.5%
3.7%
1.5%
4.5%
84
579
3,676
17,779
Total in billion USD Source: WTO 2012
Worldwide largest exporters 2011
in billion USD
1. China
1,899
2. USA
1,481
3. Germany
1,474
4. Japan
823
5. The Netherlands
660
6. France
597
7. South Korea
555
23. Switzerland
235
Source: WTO 2012
Imports
4
5
6 7
1
3
2
1
Europe 38,1%
2
Asia 30,9%
3
North America 17,2%
4
South and Central America 4,0%
5
Middle East 3,7%
6
Africa 3,1%
7
Miscellaneous 3,0%
Source: WTO 2012
Worldwide import development by region Year
1953
1973
1993
2011
43.7%
53.3%
44.6%
38.1%
Asia
15.1%
14.9%
23.7%
30.9%
North America
20.5%
17.2%
21.4%
17.2%
South and Central America
8.3%
4.4%
3.3%
4.0%
Middle East
2.0%
2.6%
3.3%
3.7%
Africa
7.0%
3.9%
2.6%
3.1%
Miscellaneous
3.4%
3.7%
1.1%
3.0%
85
594
3,786
18,000
Europe
Total in billion USD Source: WTO 2012
Worldwide largest importers 2011 1. USA
in billion USD
2,265
2. China
1,743
3. Germany
1,254
4. Japan
854
5. France
715
6. UK
636
7. The Netherlands
597
23. Switzerland
208
Source: WTO 2012
5
Swiss foreign trade Swiss company landscape Total companies in Switzerland
312,861
100%
large companies with > 250 employees
1,154
0.4%
SMEs with < 250 employees
311,707 99.6%
Source: Federal Statistical Office, Business Census 2008
Exporting companies
36,589 12.2%
with an export share < 1⁄3 of total turnover with an export share between 1⁄3 and 2⁄3 of total turnover
21,344
7.1%
6,568
2.2%
with an export share > 2⁄3 of total turnover
8,677
2.9%
Source: Federal Statistical Office, Business Census 2005
Development of Swiss foreign trade in million CHF 250,000
Exports Imports
200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 0
97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12
Year 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Exports
in billion CHF
105 109 114 127 132 136 135 146 157 177 198 206 181 193 198 201
Imports 103 107 113 129 130 128 129 137 149 165 184 187 160 174 174 177 Source: Directorate General for Customs
4
5
3
1 2
1
Europe 59,1%
2
Asia 22,1%
3
America 15,9%
4
Africa 1,7%
5
Oceania 1,4%
Source: Directorate General for Customs
Exports by destination country
in million CHF
in %
Europe
118,325
59.0%
EU
111,297 55.5%
Germany
39,892
19.9%
Italy
14,430
7.2%
France
14,291
7.1%
UK
8,732 4.4%
Austria
5,782
Spain
5,447
2.7%
The Netherlands
5,141
2.6%
Belgium
4,685
2.3%
Russian Federation
2,924
1.5%
Poland
1,886
0.9%
Turkey
1,837
0.9%
Africa
3,337
1.7%
Asia
2.9%
44,387 22.1%
China
7,422
3.7%
Japan
6,860
3.4%
America
31,844
15.9%
USA
22,300
11.1%
Canada
3,000
1.5%
Brasil
2,351
1.2%
Mexiko
1,367
0.7%
2,720
1.4%
Oceania Total 2012
200,612 100%
Source: Directorate General for Customs
7
Swiss foreign trade
4
5
3
2
1
Europa 77,3%
2
Africa 1,6%
3
Asia 13,7%
4
America 7,1%
5
Oceania 0,2%
Source: Directorate General for Customs
1
ImportS by country of origin
in million CHF
in %
Europe
136,573
77.3%
EU
134,257 75.9%
Germany
54,023
30.6%
Italy
18,253
10.3%
France
14,942
8.5%
Austria
7,677 4.3%
Ireland
6,754
3.8%
The Netherlands
6,304
3.6%
UK
6,246
3.5%
Spain
5,026
2.8%
Belgium
4,304
2.4%
Russian Federation Africa
407 0.2% 2,888
1.6%
Asia
24,283 13.7%
China
10,265
5.8%
Japan
3,828
2.2%
America
12,608
7.1%
USA
9,272
5.2%
Brasil
1,089
0.6%
Canada
515
0.3%
Oceania
429
0.2%
Total 2012 Source: Directorate General for Customs
176,781 100%
Exports by sector
in % compared to in million CHF previous year
Chemicals and related products
79,012
5.85%
Precision instruments, watches and jewellery
44,040
6.75%
Machines, appliances, electronics
33,307 -9.71%
Metals
11,933 -8.45%
Farm and forestry produce, fisheries *
8,656 2.57%
Energy sources
6,846
5.94%
Vehicles
5,095
9.05%
Leather, rubber, plastics
4,138 -5.07%
Textiles, clothing, shoes
3,114 -4.16%
Paper, stationery and graphic products
2,223 -13.03%
Apartment furnishings, toys etc.
1,392 -6.01%
Building materials Total 2012
857 -0.92% 200,612 1.37%
* incl. food, drink and tobacco Source: Directorate General for Customs
IMportS by sector
in % compared to in million CHF previous year
Chemicals and related products
39,369
Machines, appliances, electronics
29,365 -4.29%
5.17%
Precision instruments, watches and jewellery
19,022
Energy sources
17,445 12.91%
5.16%
Vehicles
17,074
Metals
13,811 -6.14%
Farm and forestry produce, fisheries *
13,306 -0.10%
Textiles, clothing, shoes
1.40%
8,718 -1.82%
Leather, rubber, plastics
6,194 -1.01%
Apartment furnishings, toys etc.
5,250
Paper, stationery and graphic products
4,334 -5.43%
Building materials Total 2012
0.44%
2,893 -0.75% 176,781 1.37%
* incl. food, drink and tobacco Source: Directorate General for Customs
9
Direct investments Foreign countries with the largest capital stocks 2011
in billion USD
1. USA
4,156
2. UK
1,700
3. France
1,599
4. Germany
1,135
5. Switzerland
1,064
6. Belgium
1,005
7. Japan
963
8. The Netherlands
960
9. Canada
670
10. Spain
645
Source: OECD
Direct investments Switzerland/abroad Year
in million CHF 2008 2009 2010 2011
Capital stock abroad
769,883 891,309
970,421
1,000,301
Capital stock in Switzerland
476,013 513,833
580,394
606,798
Capital exports abroad
49,100
28,703
82,692
42,019
Capital imports to Switzerland
16,476
31,437
33,947
10,494
2,657,405 2,747,971 2,820,592
2,963,526
in number of persons
Personnel abroad Personnel in Switzerland
400,240
Source: Swiss National Bank (SNB)
420,362
419,572
430,630
Swiss capital stock by region Year
in million CHF 2010 2011
Europe
463,787
458,040
EU, thereof
405,580
404,356
Luxemburg 77,500
78,674
UK 78,144
69,451
Germany
55,803
54,656
The Netherlands
54,600
52,843
France
34,323
37,898
Offshore financial centres
40,998
36,777
Italy
25,921
25,139
Rest of Europe, thereof
58,207
53,684
Russian Federation North America, thereof
6,945
7,244
209,391
229,346
USA
177,520
197,582
Middle and South America, thereof
178,438
182,672
Offshore financial centres
134,748
136,695
Brasil
23,422
22,684
Asia, thereof
88,737
97,476
Singapore
17,020
19,311
Japan
14,340
14,970
China
8,466
13,134
Indonesia
7,280
6,997
11,623
10,416
Africa, thereof
3,934
2,240
Oceania, thereof
South Africa
18,446
22,352
Australia
17,878
21,651
Source: Swiss National Bank (SNB)
11
Swiss capital exports by region Year
in million CHF 2010 2011
Europe
22,130
3,087
EU, thereof
20,123
5,427
Germany
3,066
3,900
France
4,338
740
The Netherlands
3,614
-1,093
UK
7,258
-2,328
Rest of Europe, thereof
2,007
-2,340
Russian Federation
1,134
544
Ukraine
305
146
North America, thereof
23,015
11,733
USA
24,013
11,526
Middle and South America, thereof 27,967
4,878
Brasil
1,136
Offshore financial centres Asia, thereof China United Arab Emirates Japan
8,319 15,754
908
8’675
16’551
1’824
5’293
-1’757
3’700
317
2’935
Singapore
2’388
2’052
Africa, thereof
1’618
1’144
127
209
Oceania, thereof
South Africa
-714
4’626
Australia
-650
4’505
Source: Swiss National Bank (SNB)
Personnel at Swiss companies abroad by region Year
in million CHF 2010 2011
Europe 1,423,339 1,427,227 EU, thereof
1,280,503 1,281,832
UK
375,771
371,001
Germany
271,955
282,099
France
142,850
133,595
Italy
80,251
78,222
Spain
63,179
62,694
Rest of Europe, thereof
142,836 145,395
Russian Federation
67,222
67,906
Ukraine
27,844
28,835
20,009
21,514
Turkey North America, thereof
397,337 412,198
USA
342,814
Middle and South America, thereof
252,338 277,101
355,247
Brasil
108,437
116,959
Mexiko
43,677
45,412
Asia, thereof
583,816 678,373
China
135,062
190,726
India
83,677
93,895
Japan
71,205
71,592
Thailand
50,328
55,915
Africa, thereof
116,963 116,967
South Africa
39,306
34,449
Oceania, thereof
46,798
51,660
Australia
41,561
45,924
Source: Swiss National Bank (SNB)
13
Switzerland Global Enterprise Switzerland Global Enterprise works all over the world to support entrepreneurs and promote Switzerland as a business location. Our role as a center of excellence for internationalisation is to foster exports, imports and investments, to help clients develop new potential for their international businesses and to strengthen Switzerland as an economic hub. We are a strong and trusted partner for our clients, the cantons and the Swiss government, with a global network of experienced advisers and experts.
Export Promotion Working on behalf of SECO, Switzerland Global Enterprise uses its expertise in internationalisation to help Swiss companies, especially SMEs, identify and develop new business potential on a worldwide basis. It provides regular information about relevant trends in the global markets, as well as professional advice and support in finding contacts and partners and recognising new business opportunities.
INFORMATION Markets Export Know-how News / Studies
CONSULTANCY Analysis Strategy Implementation
CONTACTS Business Partners / Companies Governmental Authorities Trade Fair Participants
NETWORK Swiss Business Hubs, Embassies, Chambers of Commerce, Experts, Export Platforms, Commercial Asscociations, Partners
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Import Promotion Switzerland Global Enterprise works on behalf of SECO to support SMEs from selected partner countries, facilitating market access and opening up new business opportunities in Switzerland and the European Union. In this way, Switzerland Global Enterprise helps to strengthen the competitiveness of the companies concerned and foster cooperation and trade relations between Switzerland, the EU and the partner countries. Importers in Switzerland and Europe benefit from contacts with reliable suppliers in the partner countries.
Investment Promotion As part of its remit from SECO and the cantons, Switzerland Global Enterprise provides potential foreign investors with information about the particular strengths and operating conditions of Switzerland as a business location. Its services for foreign companies include assessing the potential of their projects before they are presented to the cantons. Switzerland Global Enterprise assists the cantons with the relocation of foreign companies, providing market and trend analyses and coordinating the activities of all the bodies involved in the promotion of Switzerland as a business location.
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2 5 5 1
1
2 4 4
10 10
88 6
67
11
99 7 13 13
3 3
1212
Global Network Switzerland Global Enterprise is represented abroad by Swiss Business Hubs. The majority of these local teams is based at a Swiss Embassy or Swiss Con足 sulate-General. Bilateral chambers of commerce take on this role in certain countries.
14 1
14
Swiss Business Hubs
Weitere offices Further Offices
USA / Chicago 2 Canada / Toronto
ABU DHABI ATLANTA BANGALORE BOSTON DOHA GUANGZHOU HANOI HOUSTON ISTANBUL JAKARTA JEDDAH KUALA LUMPUR KUWAIT CITY LOS ANGELES MEXIKO CITY MONTREAL NEW DELHI NEW YORK OSAKA RIYADH SHANGHAI
1
Brazil / S達o Paulo Spain / Madrid 5 UK / London 6 France / Paris 3 4
11 16 16 19 19 15 15
17 17
18 13
8
Italy / Milan Germany / Stuttgart
9
Austria / Vienna
7
10 Poland / Warsaw 11 Russia / Moscow 12 South Africa / Pretoria 13 GCC / Dubai 14 India/ Mumbai 15 ASEAN / Singapore 16 China / Beijing 17 Korea / Seoul 18 Japan / Tokyo 19 Hong Kong
Following an initial consulting session in Switzerland,足 the Swiss Business Hubs are the next point of contact with Switzerland Global Enterprise in the export country concerned. In addition, these hubs are responsible for promoting Switzerland as a business location abroad. All hubs have a first-rate network of contacts abroad on account of their official status. Switzerland Global Enterprise relies on the official Swiss representations in the other markets, that is, on the embassies, consulates-general and consulates, as well as on the bilateral chambers of commerce.
17
Switzerland in international comparison ranking
Switzerland
WEF (Global Competitiveness Index 2013)
1
IMD (World Competitiveness Yearbook 2013)
2
INSEAD (The Global Innovation Index 2012)
1
Transparency International (Corruption Perceptions Index 2012)
6
ETH KOF (Index of Globalization 2013)
10
The Heritage Foundation (Index of Economic Freedom 2013)
5
City Ranking (Mercer 2012)
2 (Zurich)
City Ranking (Mercer 2012)
8
(Geneva)
City Ranking (Mercer 2012)
9 (Basel)
SME Export Indicator The SME Export Indicator is a cooperation between Switzerland Global Enterprise and Credit Suisse. www.switzerland-ge.com/exportindikator Credit Suisse Export Barometer In standard deviation, growth threshold = 0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 -1.0 -2.0 -3.0 Jan 00
Jan 02
Jan 04
Jan 06
Barometer Exports (yoy) Export trend growth (6-month moving average) Growth Threshold
Jan 08
Jan 10
Jan 12
Jun 13
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