Making History 2018 - News from Ohio State's Department of History

MAKING HISTORY NEWS FROM OHIO STATE’S DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY 2018 No. 59

MAKING HISTORY View from inside Bricker Hall during a demonstration on October 17, 1968.

PHOTO THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY ARCHIVES

1 | From the Chair

News

Spotlight

3 | New Professorship Established

4 | Robin Judd talks of loss, liberation and love Faculty

8 | Alumni News

7 | Internships offer invaluable experience to undergrads Undergraduate Students

16 | Faculty News

15 | Maria Mazon: Thirty-five years of service Staff

Events

24 | Meet Jessica Tolbert Alumni 25 | Graduate students use podcasts to communicate with global audience Graduate Students

Bookshelf 10 | Alumni Books 58 | Faculty Books

14 | New Faculty

55 | PhDs 2016-2017

12 | 2017 Graduate Student Spring Awards Reception 56 | 2017 Undergraduate Awards and Phi Alpha Theta Initiation 60 | Fall Undergraduate Research Forum

Feature You Say You Want a Revolution?

That Awful Year

With the arguable exceptions of 1861 and 1919, 1968 was the worst single year in American history

By David Steigerwald 30

1968: Chaos and Community in Black America

The wildfire of rebellion that African Americans helped ignite in 1968 was a long time in the making

By Hasan Kwame Jeffries 40

August 1968: The Patch

A new impatience with the unjust treatment of LGBT individuals comes to the surface one night in Los Angeles, 1968 By Daniel Rivers 44

Beyond Vietnam: New Left Challenges to American Foreign Policy and Their Legacies

11 | Roy T. Wortman

From Columbus to Austin, Berkeley to Boston, young people express frustrations with an unequal society By R. Joseph Parrott 45

19 | John C. Burnham

April in Paris, 1968

In Memoriam

54 | G. Micheal Riley

MAKING HISTORY No. 59 | 2018 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Nathan Rosenstein ASSOCIATE EDITOR Rhonda Maynard ART DIRECTOR Rhonda Maynard PHOTOGRAPHY Rhonda Maynard Laura Seeger © 2018 The Ohio State University. All rights reserved.

First-hand account of the student uprising in Paris, 1968 By Geoffrey Parker 50

The Ohio State University Department of History 106 Dulles Hall 230 Annie and John Glenn Ave Columbus, OH 43210-1367 Office: 614-292-2674

ON THE COVER: Ohio State students hold demonstrations on the Oval throughout 1968. page 30 PHOTO THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY ARCHIVES

Professor and Chair Nathan Rosenstein, in November 2017.

A Message from the Department Chair THE 50TH ANNIVERSARY OF THAT TUMULTUOUS YEAR, 1968, brings to mind a remark by that famous American philosopher, Yogi Berra: “It’s déjà vu all over again.” Once again, we have experienced an election that has brought to the surface deep divisions within our society—over politics; over race-relations; over the treatment of women; over gender and sexuality. Once again, we confront the pervasiveness of drugs and their consequences; once again we are fighting a seemingly endless war in a distant land.

And don’t get me started on some of what passes for music these days or how some young people dress and adorn themselves!

Well clearly, I have crossed over the “generation gap” and become my parents, but that’s not entirely to be deplored.

It confers a few advantages. Those of us who lived through the ‘60s are better able to remain sanguine and adopt the long view in the face of the events now swirling around us.

We understand the context of the constellation of changes we call “The ‘60s.” We see them in perspective, recognizing that despite the current similarities, many things were very different then. Most importantly, we know that despite all the turmoil and struggle and the very real suffering that many experienced in those years, our nation survived and our country in many ways emerged a stronger, better place as a result. We understand these things through our experience of them and reflection upon them and that understanding affords us confidence for the future. But a younger generation, for whom the ‘60s are not “current events” but “history,” must be taught to properly understand

that revolutionary era and the lessons it holds for our own times. And as they come to appreciate those lessons, their understanding, reflected back to their elders, affords us insights and perspectives which our proximity to the events may have hidden from us, enabling us to see today with younger eyes.

“For the meaning of the past is never fixed; it is constantly changing as different people in different eras bring unique bodies of experience to the ways they study it and, indeed, what parts of the past they deem ‘history.’”

We are after something similar when we teach any of our courses. We seek to instill in our students an understanding of events most of which we obviously have not lived through but that we have devoted much of our lives to studying.

In return, we hope that as our students contemplate the lessons they hold for their own times their understanding will spark fresh insights for us. For the meaning of the past is never fixed; it is constantly changing as different people in different eras bring unique bodies of experience to the ways they study it and, indeed, what parts of the past they deem “history.” Many of the courses we teach regularly now would scarcely have been imaginable half a century ago: “Water: A Human History”; “History of the Car”;− continued history.osu.edu page 1

“Natives and Newcomers: Immigration and Migration in U.S. History”; “History of Modern Sexualities”; “History of Public Health, Medicine and Disease.”

Of course, we have not abandoned the long-established fields and courses that form the backbone of our discipline.

We are however finding new ways of teaching them, as well as our new courses, to new generations of students. Many of our courses are now taught either wholly or partially online, and with the University’s upcoming initiative to put an iPad Pro in the hands of every entering freshman beginning next year, we will continue to innovate in the ways we deliver instruction to our students. In addition, we offer a robust slate of study abroad courses that last year took students to Argentina, Ireland, and Tanzania, as well to Europe via our renowned World War II course. Still, notwithstanding all the innovation, our in-person courses remain enormously popular and effective and no wonder. We are hands down the best teaching department in the University as evident in the multitude of awards our instructors garner.

We added to that illustrious roster this past year with two of our faculty each winning a coveted Ronald and Deborah Ratner Distinguished Teaching Award and another taking the Rodica C. Botoman Award for Distinguished Undergraduate Teaching and Mentoring.

We take enormous pride in our teaching, but excellence in the classroom is the product of our commitment to scholarship, and here, too, the department has continued to excel.

Colleagues published seventeen books over the past twelve months, including five by emeriti faculty, along with a myriad of scholarly articles and book chapters. The quality of their work and that of previous contributions was recognized last year by a number of prestigious awards and prizes, including the American Historical Association’s Paul Birdsall Prize; the Council of Graduate School’s Gustave O. Arlt Award; and the Massachusetts Historical Society’s Peter J. Gomes Memorial Book Prize. In addition, one of our number was named an Arts and Sciences Distinguished Professor, while another won the rare honor of election to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Two colleagues finished year-long fellowships awarded by the American Council of Learned Societies, a third spent the spring in Israel supported by a Yad Hanadiv/Beracha Foundation Fellowship; a fourth was a fellow of the Institute for Advanced Study in Nantes, France, while another was a member of the IAS in Princeton.

2017 was also a year of transition as we welcomed two new members to the department, assistant professor Joe Parrott, who will strengthen our fields in U.S. diplomatic and page 2 THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY

transnational history, and associate professor Sarah Van Beurden, who will increase our depth in African history. (Her tenure home will be with us, although she will remain 50% in the department of African and African American Studies.)

However, we mourned the passing of two of our emeritus colleagues: Micheal Riley, formerly dean of the old College of Humanities who joined the department as professor of Latin American history after he stepped down from that onerous post, and John Burnham, a distinguished scholar of medical history and long-time member of the department, whose life and work we honor every year in the John C. Burnham Lecture in the History of Medicine/Science.

Much has changed over the past half-century as several of the essays that follow reveal; what has remained constant for us is our commitment to sharing the fruits of our scholarship with our students, our colleagues in the discipline, and the broader public. We hope that your interest in history and support for our department will also continue, whether through attending one of our conferences, visiting the Origins website for our take on current events in their historical perspective, attending a Clio lecture by one of our distinguished faculty, or simply by benefiting from the perspective and insight that an understanding of history offers.

Nathan Rosenstein Professor and Chair

Carter V. Findley Professorship in Ottoman and Turkish History Established

Executive Dean and Vice Provost David Manderscheid, Professor Emeritus Carter V. Findley and Lucia Findley at the College of Arts and Sciences Honoring Excellence event on April 21, 2017.

ON APRIL 7, 2017, The Ohio State University Board of Trustees established the endowed faculty position, The Carter V. Findley Professorship in Ottoman and Turkish History. This endowed professorship will support the study of Ottoman and modern Turkish history, a field taught and studied at Ohio State since the 1930s, and will enhance the national and international competitiveness and distinction of the university in this field.

devoted to the support of Ottoman and Turkish history at Ohio State: •

• This professorship is complemented by the Carter V. Findley Fellowship for the Study of Ottoman and Turkish History.

Both funds carry the name of Professor Emeritus Findley, recognizing both his academic contributions to the field and his many years of international fundraising efforts on behalf of the program in the Department of History.

Carter V. Findley is Humanities Distinguished Professor Emeritus in the Department of History. His area of research is the history of Islamic civilization, with emphasis on the Ottoman Empire and the modern Middle East. “I started working on fundraising for Ottoman and Turkish studies in 1994,” Findley said, “to make this field of study a permanent organizational part of Ohio State.”

The new professorship completes a set of three funds

•

The Sydney N. Fisher Memorial Award, endowed by the widow of his predecessor Sydney Fisher, who retired in 1972. This research-support fund helps support students’ summer research. Elizabeth Fisher was born in Istanbul in 1914.

The Carter V. Findley Fellowship, founded anonymously in 2001 and formerly known as the Adivar Fellowship.

This fellowship provides a graduate student’s stipend for a year of study or research.

The Carter V. Findley Professorship, approved by Board of Trustees in April 2017, resulting from a fundraising effort that started in 2007.

“The significance of these funds for me is that it crowns a program development effort that began almost before I walked in the door at Ohio State,” he added.

He explained that these three endowments give Ohio State something that probably no other university has: dedicated endowment support for Ottoman and Turkish history of three different kinds — summer research support, academic year fellowship support and an endowed faculty position. ■ history.osu.edu page 3

Faculty Spotlight

Robin Judd Talks of Loss, Liberation and Love

By Rhonda Maynard

Judd presents the 2017 Monna and Otto Weinmann Annual Lecture at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C.

PHOTO COURTESY OF THE UNITED STATES HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL MUSEUM

page 4 THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY

L

AST JUNE, PROFESSOR ROBIN JUDD presented the 2017 Monna and Otto Weinmann Annual Lecture, “Loss, Liberation, and Love: Jewish Brides and Soldier Husbands, 1943-1946,” at the Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C. The lecture, based on a project she has been working on for a number of years, looked at Jewish women who married American, Canadian, and British soldiers. “I was humbled when the USHMM approached me,” Judd told me. “Not only would I be following in the footsteps of some of the most established scholars in the field, but I also took seriously the responsibility of what it meant to speak at a place that has been so crucial in Holocaust education and memorialization and in front of an audience that would include so many survivors and children of survivors.”

Dr. Janice Weinman Shorenstein endowed the lecture in 1995 in memory of her parents, Monna and Otto Weinmann.

In her introduction of Professor Judd, Shorenstein stated that the purpose of the annual lecture is “to shed light and keep alive the memories and context of those who experienced and survived the Holocaust” and that Judd’s lecture “strikes home in a very personal way…the descriptions that Dr. Judd provides and the conclusions that she draws, in many ways, parallel the experiences of my own parents.”

Her mother, Monna, fled Austria in 1938 and ultimately landed in England. Her father, Otto, served in the Czech, French, and British armies, before meeting Monna “where many other displaced individuals from World War II congregated in London, in the Piccadilly Hotel in Trafalgar Square on Saturdays for tea,” Shorenstein added. The two were married in London in 1941 and immigrated to the United States in 1948.

When asked if she was aware of the Weinmann’s story prior to preparing her lecture, Judd said, “I had not been familiar with Janice Weinman Shorenstein’s family’s story until I was asked to give the Weinmann lecture (for a number of reasons, my project currently does not examine couples that met in Britain). When I received the invitation to speak at the USHMM, I read what I could about the Weinmann and Shorenstein families. I don’t think the individual who invited me to give the lecture had made the connection between my work and the Weinmann story, but that shared connection was something that I could not stop thinking about when I wrote my lecture. Janice Weinman Shorenstein’s introduction and last question took my breath away. Her words were meaningful, poignant, and beautifully crafted.”

MAKING HISTORY

“For women whose Jewishness had marked them for extermination, meeting a Jewish soldier whose very essence seemed to fly in the face of anti-Semitic assumptions about Jews added a complexity to their relationships with their Jewishness and with one another.”

During her lecture, Judd discussed the different kinds of social interactions allied soldiers had with European Jews and the diverse military policies that were created as a result. She shared encounter narratives and stories of courtship. And, she guided us into the world of marriage policies and marriage ceremonies. Judd explained, “From 1943 – 1950, a few thousand Jewish women on the European and North African continent married American and Canadian soldiers.” These marriages affected many groups – chaplains, allied authorities, non-governmental officials, European civilians, family and community members, post-war war bride clubs and Jewish communal institutions.

The stories that Judd revealed during her talk are extraordinary in many ways. Judd explained, “For women whose Jewishness had marked them for extermination, meeting a Jewish soldier whose very essence seemed to fly in the face of anti-Semitic assumptions about Jews added a complexity to their relationships with their Jewishness and with one another.” Judd stated, “Until now, scholars studying the relationships between Jewish soldiers and Jewish DPs have paid little attention to the ways in which soldiers and chaplains had to subvert the non-fraternization policy and almost no attention [has been paid] to Jewish women who became involved with military men.” She said, “These stories help us pay attention to an under-studied side of relationships between Jewish soldiers and Jewish DPs... [and] adds to the historical record.”

Whether couples married in haste upon receiving news that the soldier would be demobilized or transferred, as a way to escape Europe, or simply for love, it must have taken a great deal of courage for these couples to wed.

For instance, some met, as Judd pointed out, during a time when much of Europe was still under Nazi rule. Hundreds of the women Judd studied had yet to be liberated when they became engaged. After the war, details like where a wedding took place could make an important political statement. For instance, some weddings took − continued

history.osu.edu page 5

place in rebuilt synagogues after the war. “Being married in synagogues that had been left desolate or destroyed during the war,” Judd declared, “sent a clear signal that the Jewish community was moving forward.” Others chose locations that had deep anti-Semitic pasts, “suggesting the victory of democracy and Jewishness against fascism and Nazism.”

After watching the lecture online, I asked Judd what she finds most interesting about the war bride story. “I began this project, in part, because so many of the memoirs that I teach in my History of the Holocaust course (HIST 2475) were written by Jewish war brides,” she explained. “Gerda Weissmann Klein’s All But My Life, Judith Isaacson’s Seed of Sarah, Clara Isaacman’s Clara’s Story…I wanted to know more about these women, whose memoirs stopped at the moment when they met their future husbands. I was fascinated by their encounters – how was it that Jewish women would have encountered members of the military? What kinds of regulations oversaw their courtships or betrothals?

What did their marriages look like? Where did these brides live while their husbands served? Did they interact with non-Jewish military spouses? How did these Jewish brides and grooms find their way to their new homes during a period when immigration was so restricted? How were they received when they arrived there? The more I read, the more questions I had. And the more I read, the more sure I was that these stories would tell us compelling narratives of desire, migration, community and politics in the wake of extraordinary violence and trauma.”

When Judd began working on the project, she thought she would write a book that looked at Jewish women in Occupied Germany and Austria who married American

soldiers. As she started to conduct research, she realized that the story was much bigger than that. “I began to look at Jewish women across Europe who married American, British, and Canadian soldiers; I started my exploration much earlier – in 1943 – and extended my study a bit later.

It has meant that it has taken me longer, but I think the book will be far better for it.” Judd draws on a wide range of sources. She has conducted oral histories and has relied on interviews and oral histories conducted by others. She also draws on chaplaincy reports, letters, newspaper articles, religious response, memoirs, NGO reports, and military memos and reports. Judd hopes to finish her book soon.

“I want to be able to share what I write with the men and women I have interviewed,” she said. “Some of them are in their 90s or over a century old.”

Janice Weinman Shorenstein praised Judd’s talk, stating, “Your presentation was remarkable. It was insightful, it was warm, it was human, and it was really profound.”

You can view Robin Judd’s lecture online at ushmm.org/ watch/weinmann-lecture-2017. ■ Further reading: Grossman, Joan Adess, and Clara Isaacman. Clara’s Story.

Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1984.

Isaacson, Judith Magyar. Seed of Sarah: Memoirs of a Survivor. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1991.

Klein, Gerda Weissmann. All But My Life: A Memoir. New York: Hill and Wang, 2001.

Robin Judd during her talk at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in June 2017.

page 6 THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY

Undergraduate Student Spotlight

Internships Offer Invaluable Experience to Undergrads

MAKING HISTORY

By Mary Kupiec Cayton

W

HAT DO STUDENTS GET from majoring in history? If you’re a history grad, you already know: enhanced research and critical thinking skills; intensive practice in reading, writing, and expression; and experience in connecting past with present in ways that help to make informed citizens. And that’s not even to mention the opportunity to take courses with extraordinary faculty on dozens of interesting topics.

But often students who love history don’t choose it as a major. Why? We asked some of our majors. They told us that the largest barrier to declaring the history major today is the fear that the degree will not lead to good employment prospects. That’s no small concern, given the costs of higher education.

In an effort to provide students with more information related to future employment prospects, we developed an up-to-date database of what our alums have gone on to do.

We also offer more opportunities for our undergraduates to work with faculty on research projects that give them hands-on mentoring in doing history. And we expanded our undergraduate internship program to allow more students to experience (for credit) the world of professional work related to history.

For many employers, the experience of having completed an internship has become a sine qua non of future employment. Moreover, good internships are an educationally sound way to learn, falling among the handful of undergraduate experiences termed by the Association of American Colleges and Universities “high impact practices.” Many employers now suggest that students have at least one internship experience during the undergraduate years, and many recommend more than one. A well-developed and maintained internship program allows students to explore career possibilities, to practice outside the classroom skills learned within it, and to provide some assurance to both students and parents that “history major” and “job” are not mutually exclusive terms.

Credit-bearing internships, which have often involved research, have long been available to history undergraduates through History 3191, a three credit-hour course. In the recent past, participants in the program have consisted largely of students exploring public history as a career option. While some of our interns are still doing exactly that, others experience a variety of professional settings, making judgments about how to complete projects assigned to them and learning how to use the professional tools available in a work setting. We believe this transferable experience complements what they learn in the classroom.

For an employment-conscious generation, promoting an effective internship program provides a concrete answer to the perennially vexing question “What can I do with a degree in history?” Professional experience in an institution or organization in which history – and a history degree – matters can make a difference in changing people’s perception of the major as a dead end. In addition, students often get some impetus to begin exploring future employment and career options prior to graduation – a development likely to result in better choices for our students. ■

Ben Beswetherick (BA 2017) with supervisor Todd Kleismit, Director of Community and Government Relations at the Ohio History Connection, during Ben’s spring 2017 internship.

history.osu.edu page 7

alumni news Carol Anderson (PhD 1995) won the National Book Critics Circle Award for her book, White Rage: the Unspoken Truth of Our Racial Divide (Bloomsbury, 2016). The New York Times bestseller examines the policies that have disenfranchised African Americans. Anderson is the chair and Charles Howard Candler Professor of African American Studies at Emory University.

Vermont. Previously, he was a post-doctoral fellow at the New York Public Library. There he curated the NYPL Early American Manuscripts Project, an effort to digitize and make freely available 50,000 pages of the library’s historic 18thand 19th-century collections.

© LIVE from the NYPL

EMORY PHOTO/VIDEO

Rachael Ball (MA 2004, PhD 2010) is currently an assistant professor of history and international studies at the University of Alaska Anchorage. She is the recipient of the 2016 UAA Chancellor’s Award for Excellence in Teaching. Her book, Treating the Public: Charitable Theater and Civic Health in the Early Modern Atlantic World (LSU Press) was published in April 2017.

Zachary Bell (BA 2014) worked on several digital history projects with Stanley Nelson, author of Devils Walking: Klan Murders Along the Mississippi in the 1960s. Nelson’s book details the brutal killings of a secretive branch of the Klu Klux Klan known as The Silver Dollar Group based in Louisiana and Mississippi during the 1960s.

Frank Blazich, Jr. (PhD 2013) is now Curator, Division of Armed Forces History at the Smithsonian National Museum of American History, where he is responsible for collecting and interpreting modern American military history objects and sharing this work through exhibits and print media.

Mark Boonshoft (PhD 2015) started this fall as assistant professor of history at Norwich University in Northfield, page 8 THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY

Mark Boonshoft shows Alexander Hamilton letters and 18th-century currency in the NYPL collections to New York Times columnist Paul Krugman and the late Robert Silvers, the founder and editor of the New York Review of Books.

Austin Dean (PhD 2016) is in a tenure-track position as assistant professor at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas.

Margaret Echols (BA 2015) has been accepted to the University of Virginia Law School’s joint program in law and legal history.

Joe Faykosh (BA 2006) is now professor of history at Central Arizona College. He also received Bowling Green State University’s Graduate College Distinguished Dissertaion Prize in 2017 for his dissertation, “A Party in Peril: Franklin Roosevelt, the Democratic Party, and the Circular Letter of 1924.”

Allison Gough (MA 1992, PhD 2000) has been appointed dean of the College of Liberal Arts at Hawai’i Pacific University (HPU). Dr. Gough joined HPU in 2002 as a full-time faculty member and has served as chair of the Department of History, chair of the Faculty Assembly, and, most recently, the founding dean of the Honors Program. Dr. Gough’s research focuses upon the continuities and international dimensions within American social movements, particularly anti-slavery and civil rights movements, and on the history

alumni news of Africans and African Americans in Hawai’i and the Pacific.

the U.S. Embassy in Berlin and the Bundestag, among others.

Jordan Henry (BA 2017) won first place at the 2017 Denman Forum in the “Histories of Religions, Literatures and Cultures” category. He also was awarded a fellowship for Columbia’s MA program in International History. He will spend one year in New York City, followed by a second year at the London School of Economics in London, England.

Ian Johnson (MA 2012, PhD 2016) is associate director of the Brady-Johnson Program in Grand Strategy at Yale University. He also edited the forthcoming The White Nights: Pages from a Russian Doctor’s Notebook (Bowen Press Books) and is author of The Faustian Bargain: Secret Soviet-German Military Cooperation in the Interwar Period (Oxford University Press), also forthcoming.

Di Luo (PhD 2015) accepted a tenure-track position as an assistant professor at the University of Alabama.

Matthew McCoy (BA 2016) recently began graduate study at the Duke Theological School.

Leonard Moore (PhD 1998) has been named the interim vice president for diversity and community engagement at The University of Texas at Austin. His third book, The Defeat of Black Power: Civil Rights and the National Black Political Convention of 1972 will be published in early 2018.

Kyle Nappi and Robyn Rodriguez at the NATO Air Base, Geilenkirchen, Germany.

Pamela E. Pennock (MA 1995, PhD 2002) was promoted to full professor of history at the University of Michigan-Dearborn. Her second book, The Rise of the Arab American Left: Activists, Allies, and Their Fight Against Imperialism and Racism, 1960s-1980s (The University of North Carolina Press), was published in 2017.

Elizabeth Perego (MA 2012, PhD 2017) accepted a tenuretrack position in African History at Shepherd University in Shepherdstown, West Virginia.

Patrick Potyondy (MA 2012, PhD 2016) was named a 2017 Mellon/ACLS Public Fellow by the American Council of Learned Societies, where he will act as a legislative policy specialist at the National Conference of State Legislatures in Denver, Colorado.

Robyn Rodriguez (MA 2008, PhD 2011) participated in the 2017 Manfred Wörner Seminar.

PHOTO UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN

Kyle Nappi (BA 2012) participated in the 2017 Manfred Wörner Seminar, a transatlantic leadership program sponsored by the German Marshall Fund of the United States. As part of the program, Nappi traveled to Belgium, Netherlands and Germany with fourteen young Americans and fifteen Germans to examine and discuss U.S./German/ European security policy, as well as security interests. Participants gathered for meetings at the European Commission, NATO headquarters, German Chancellery, Defense Ministry,

STAY INFORMED. Making History is a great way to find out what’s going on in the Department of History at Ohio State, but did you know that you can get news in real time? It’s easy. Follow us.

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alumni news Alison Roth (BA 2017) was awarded the Eminent Scholarship to attend the Moritz College of Law at The Ohio State University.

Ali Gibran Siddiqui (MA 2012, PhD 2016) received a postdoctoral research fellowship at the NYU Shanghai Center for Global Asia.

Sarah Siewe (BA 2016) was awarded the Michael E. Mortiz Merit Scholarship in Law at The Ohio State University. A member of Ohio State’s mock trial team, she was named outstanding witness at the University of Chicago’s Great Chicago Fire Mock Trial Invitational Tournament.

Samuel Sutherland (PhD 2017) has accepted a position at Stephen F. Austin State University in Nacogdoches, Texas.

Ufuk Ulutas (MA 2005) has published The State of Savagery: ISIS in Syria (Seta Yayinlari, 2016). Based on extensive research, including numerous interviews, the book draws on Ulutas’s highly developed research skills in Arabic. He is the director of foreign policy studies at the Foundation for Political, Economic and Social Research (SETA), in Ankara, Turkey.

Yan Xu (MA 2008, PhD 2013) is assistant professor of Asian history at Spelman College. She has been awarded the UNCF/Mellon Faculty Residency Fellowship to support her research at the Fairbank Center for Chinese Studies at Harvard University during the academic year of 2017-2018. The fellowship is in recognition of her commitment to enhancing her teaching and scholarship on Asian history as a minority faculty member at an HBCU (Historically Black Colleges and Universities) institution. During her residency, she will collect sources and images for her upcoming monograph War Heroes: Constructing the Soldier and the State in Modern China, 1924-1945, which is under contract with the University Press of Kentucky.

Her monograph will be the first English-language book-length study on the extensive imagery of Chinese soldiers during the first half of the twentieth century. In addition to her monograph, she is co-editing the book The YMCA at War: Collaboration and Conflict During the World Wars, which is under contract with Lexington Books. In the summer of 2017, she also participated in a two-week summer institute “China in a Global WWII,” held at University of Cambridge in U.K. ■

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ALUMNI BOOKS Carol Anderson (PhD 1995) White Rage: the Unspoken Truth of Our Racial Divide (Bloomsbury, 2016)

Rachael Ball (MA 2004, PhD 2010) Treating the Public: Charitable Theater and Civic Health in the Early Modern Atlantic World (LSU Press, 2017)

Frank A. Blazich, Jr. (PhD 2013) (as Editor) Bataan Survivor: A POW’s Account of Japanese Captivity in World War II (The American Military Experiences) (University of Missouri Press, 2017)

Stewart A. Dippel (PhD 1983) Redeemed at Countless Cost: The Recovery of Iconographic Theology and Religious Experience from 1850 to 2000 (Peter Lang Publishing, Inc., 2017)

Pamela E. Pennock (MA 1995, PhD 2002) The Rise of the Arab American Left: Activists, Allies, and Their Fight Against Imperialism and Racism, 1960s-1980s (The University of North Carolina Press, 2017)

in memoriam

Roy T. Wortman (PhD ‘71)

1940-2017

ROY T. WORTMAN died Sunday, July 23, 2017, in hospice care in Mount Vernon, Ohio.

Wortman grew up in the Bronx, New York. A 1962 graduate of Colorado State University, he earned a master’s degree in 1965 from the University of Colorado and a doctorate in 1971 from The Ohio State University.

During college and graduate school, Wortman served a total of nine years in the United States Army National Guard. He was honorably discharged as a staff sergeant (E-6).

He taught at Kenyon College, where he was promoted to full professor in 1988. Known for his expertise in American labor history and in Native American autobiography and history, he was a proponent of the integration of Native American materials into primary, secondary and post-secondary curricula.

He wrote From Syndicalism to Trade Unionism: The IWW in Ohio, 1905-50 and Progress and Parity: The Ohio Farmers Union, 1910-82.

He was 76. ■ history.osu.edu page 11

2017 Graduate Student Spring Awards Reception

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ACH SPRING, GRADUATE STUDENTS, faculty and donors come together for an elegant afternoon reception held at The Faculty Club to celebrate our graduate student awards recipients. In April 2017, seventy-three awards totalling more than a quarter of a million dollars were given to deserving graduate students for use toward their tuition, research, and study abroad. We would like to celebrate the award winners and thank all of our donors for their generous support.

1 PHOTOS THIS PAGE (1) Isacar BolaĂąos and Alisher Khaliyarov; (2) Daniel Curzon and Kyle Tadlock; and (3) Edwin den Harder, Max von Bargen, Arjun Awasthi and Mason Watson.

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PHOTOS FACING PAGE (4) Sam Sutherland and wife, Laura. (5) The 2017 Graduate Student Awards Spring Reception, April 26, 2017 at The Faculty Club. (6) Zach Fry (PhD 2017), Emily Fry, Sarah Paxton, Devon Collins and Darcy Benson. (7) Professor Greg Anderson with Archana Venkatesh and her guest. (8) Aaron George (PhD 2017), Dylan Cahn, Cameron Givens and Graduate Studies Coordinator James Bach. (9) Nikki Freeman holds up her awards to the camera. (10) Guest of Victoria Measles, Maysan Haydar, Felege Yirga and Victoria Measles.

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New Faculty R. JOSEPH “JOE” PARROTT (PhD University of Texas at Austin 2016) grew up in Virginia and went to high school a few blocks from Monument Avenue in Richmond. “Surrounded by so much history ― both the really inspirational and the morally difficult ― I found it impossible not to want to learn,” Parrott said. By the time he started college, Parrott recalls, it felt as though he had accompanied his parents to every revolutionary or civil war history site in Virginia, and he knew he wanted to make history a career when he realized he was more motivated to wake up before 9 a.m. if he could visit an archive or talk about what he found there.

Parrott’s current research asks two big questions: How do outside interests shape U.S. foreign affairs? And how do transnational political movements organize to affect policy? His manuscript looks at popular and congressional support for African nationalists in Portugal’s colonies in the 1960s and 1970s. “Though often forgotten, this movement unified religious, radical and minority communities behind a straightforward opposition to colonialism, effectively linking the anti-imperial politics of the New Left with the pursuit of racial equality central to the civil rights and Black Power movements,” he explains. “Groups that supported Lusophone African liberation worked with congressional allies to constrain the 1976 American intervention in Angola, which set the stage for the grassroots-congressional coalition that attacked South African apartheid in the 1980s.”

Parrott said that what drew him to Ohio State was that it “traditionally has one of the strongest programs in international and diplomatic history in the country.” In fact, several historians who have played a role in his scholarship have had a connection to Ohio State. “There are few better places than Ohio State to pursue the kind of transnational scholarship and teaching that interests me.”

In his spare time, Parrott likes to travel. “My wife and I have a tendancy, wherever we live, to visit nearby towns in search of quirky experiences, walking trails, and −of course−local history,” he said. He’s also a sports fan. “I am obnoxiously loyal to my alma maters, especially when it comes to NCAA basketball!” page 14 THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY

SARAH VAN BEURDEN (PhD University of Pennsylvania 2009) was eight years old when she decided to become a historian and has stuck to that plan. She hails from the Flemish part of Belgium and grew up asking for visits to castles, museums, and medieval towns as birthday gifts.

Her love of medieval history slightly soured in the paleography classes she took as an undergraduate history major at the Catholic University of Louvain in Belgium, but her love for the discipline of history carried her to a PhD program in History at the University of Pennsylvania, where she started as an Americanist and finished as an Africanist. She started in the Department of African American and African Studies at Ohio State in 2009, where she continues to teach, but a courtesy appointment in the history department has now evolved into a full-fledged appointment, and she looks forward to contributing to the African history curriculum, as well as to courses in museum history and heritage studies.

In her first book, Authentically African: Arts and the Transnational Politics of Congolese Culture (New African Histories Series, Ohio University Press, 2015) Van Beurden traces the relation between the possession, definition, and display of art and the construction of cultural authenticity and political legitimacy from the late colonial until the postcolonial era. The book, which focuses on the Democratic Republic of Congo (former Zaire) studies decolonization from the perspective of debates about cultural sovereignty and restitution and demonstrates how these were co-opted into the politics of the dictatorship of Mobutu. She is currently working on a new project on state planning and cultural economies in Congo that continues her interest in Central African cultural history, but she is also exploring a new interest in the history of science and technology. The latter is the result of her affiliation with the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science in Berlin, where she has been a member of the Histories of Planning workgroup (and now editorial collective) since 2014. ■

Staff Spotlight

MAKING HISTORY

Maria Mazon: 35 Years of Service

By Rhonda Maynard

Maria Mazon in autumn 2017

W

HEN MARIA MAZON started at Ohio State in 1983, she probably had no idea that she would still be here thirty-five years later. “I was a sociology major, taking classes parttime, working in the chemistry department and starting a family,” Mazon explains. She soon transferred from the chemistry department to the history department, and in 1986 Professor Warren Van Tine created a position for her ― Director of Undergraduate Studies. “What I liked most about the history department was the faculty and staff. It was very collegial,” Mazon recalls. Over the years, Mazon has accumulated a lot of good memories. “For instance, I remember typing the late Robert Bremner’s book for him,” she said. “His research focused on social welfare, and, as a sociology major, I found it extremely interesting. I thought very highly of him, as I did (and do) for all of our faculty.”

Mazon’s position has evolved over the course of her tenure (her current title is Academic Advisor/Staff Assistant), but at the heart of it, she said, has always been the students. “It is a very rewarding job. I always wanted to help people, and I feel I have,” Mazon said. She particularly enjoys working with students who go on to teach middle or high school, “because it’s not easy. We have to make sure they are meeting all of the integrated social studies pre-requisites for OSU’s MEd in addition to the department requirements.”

She also likes helping students who face unique challenges.

“Thanks so much for helping me throughout my time at OSU. The next class of OSU students is damn lucky to have you as an advisor.” ―Daniel Welch, BA 2014

Whether it is a student returning to Ohio State after serving our country or a student finishing their degree after trying their hand in the pro sports arena, Mazon’s goal is to see that everyone succeeds. “One of my fondest experiences was helping former NFL player Dick Schafrath,” Mazon said. Schafrath had left Ohio State during his senior year in 1959 to join the Cleveland Browns, but returned to Ohio State over forty years later to finish his degree. On August 27, 2006, at the age of 69, Schafrath graduated from Ohio State. “It was wonderful to see him get his diploma,” Mazon remembers.

“Maria is wise, conscientious, and tireless,” Nathan Rosenstein told me. “She is an exemplary member of the history department team. I don’t know where we would be without her knowledge and sage advice.” In 2005, Mazon was a recipient of the University’s Distinguished Staff Award, an award given for exceptional leadership and service to the university community. Mazon’s colleague Ray Irwin may have put it best, “When Maria retires - let’s hope that it’s not anytime soon - the department will feel the impact immediately, because she does so many different things and does them all so incredibly well.”

Maria Mazon is married with three children and one grandchild. When she’s not solving problems in the history department, she enjoys excercising, gardening, reading and, of course, watching the Buckeyes. ■ history.osu.edu page 15

faculty news Greg Anderson is currently the department’s chair of Graduate Studies. In the past year, he gave presentations at the University of Michigan and the Columbus Museum of Art. Last April, with professor Ying Zhang, he co-organized the Premodernist Group’s conference for graduate students, and in October 2017 he hosted the annual meeting of the Greek History and Theory Group. He currently has two books in production, The Realness of Things Past: Ancient Greece and Ontological History (Oxford University Press) and State Formations: Global Histories and Cultures of Statehood (Cambridge University Press), which he co-edited with John L. Brooke (Ohio State) and Julia Strauss (SOAS University of London). Greg is also the historical advisor to the Phaleron Cemetery Project in Athens, Greece.

Alison Beach’s book The Trauma of Monastic Reform: Community and Conflict in Twelfth-Century Germany (Cambridge University Press) was published in 2017, and her collaboration with graduate student Shannon Li and recent grad Sam Sutherland (PhD 2017), Monastic Experience in Twelfth-Century Germany: The Petershausen Chronicle in Translation, is under contract with Manchester University Press and will appear in 2018. She also continues to serve as a trustee for the Association of the Members of the Institute for Advanced Study (AMIAS) in Princeton, New Jersey, and organizes a monthly Ohio State Medieval History Seminar in Columbus.

Stanley Blake published “Recife Novo: Envisioning Modernity in Pernambuco, 1920-1930” in Luso-Brazilian Review and served as a manuscript reviewer for Revista Brasileira de História in 2016.

Elizabeth Bond presented papers at the Society for French Historical Studies Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C.; Digitizing Enlightenment Workshop, Nijmegen, Netherlands; and the Bloomington Eighteenth-Century Studies Workshop, Bloomington, Indiana. She also published two articles in leading journals.

Nicholas Breyfogle is editor of the forthcoming Eurasian Environments: Nature and Ecology in Russian and Soviet History (University of Pittsburgh Press), is completing his monograph Baikal: the Great Lake and Its People, and is co-editor (with Steve Conn) of the online magazine Origins: Current Events in Historical Perspective (origins. osu.edu), which just celebrated its 10th year of publication.

He was co-organizer, with Phil Brown, of the international conference: Water, Culture and Society in Global Historical Perspective, in June 2017 at Ohio State, and he is on the local planning committee for the 2019 National Convention page 16 THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY

of the American Society for Environmental History, which will be held in Columbus.

John Brooke has edited, with Greg Anderson and Julia Strauss, the forthcoming State Formations: Global Histories and Cultures of Statehood (Cambridge University Press).

He served on the American Historical Association program committee; served on the executive committee of the Ohio Academy of History; was chair of the local arrangements committee for the 2017 Ohio Academy of History Conference; and is on the advisory board of the Martin Van Buren Papers Digital Project.

Phil Brown is spending the academic year at Kyushu University working on two book manuscripts, one on the history of flood control in Japan, the other on daimyo financial systems. He continues as one of sixty scholars currently working on a project for the Research Institute for Humanity and Nature in Kyoto, Japan, that examines Japanese historical responses to climate change, their societal resilience and their possible value as models for modern society in an effort to deal with climate changes. He serves as an elected member of the Council of the Association for East Asian Environmental History (AEAEH), and is on the editorial boards of Technology & Culture and Social Science History.

Sara Butler recently was elected a fellow of the Royal Historical Society. In addition to writing several book chapters and blog articles over the past year, she presented a paper at the North American Conference on British Studies in conjunction with the Mid Atlantic Conference on British Studies in Washington, D.C. in November 2016. She also holds the department’s King George III Chair in British History.

Bruno Cabanes won the American Historical Association’s 2016 Paul Birdsall Prize for his book The Great War and the Origins of Humanitarianism, 1918-1924 (Cambridge University Press, 2014). The biennial award honors the most important work in European military and strategic history since 1870. “Cabanes provides a riveting picture of the catastrophic humanitarian crisis that threatened global stability in the aftermath of World War I,” commented the Birdsall Committee. “Stateless refugees, wounded veterans, starving children, and displaced workers were among the multitudes in dire need of aid in the early years of that turbulent and painful ‘peace’. Cabanes foregrounds a Herculean humanitarian response undertaken by individuals and organizations during a time that resonates today. His work deserves a wide readership both within the academy and outside.”

faculty news In addition, his latest book, The Great War and the American Experience (Editions Gallimard) came out in March 2017.

Bruno serves on the scientific committees of the Historial de la Grande Guerre in Péronne, France, and the Verdun Memorial Museum in Verdun, France. He also is a member of the editorial boards of the journals Vingtième Siècle.

Revue d’histoire, Sensibilités. Histoire, critique & sciences sociales, and L’Histoire.

Joan Cashin has been appointed to the Organization of American Historians Distinguished Lectureship Program, a speakers’ bureau dedicated to American history. The program serves as a reliable resource for identifying leading historians for public speaking engagements. She also is a member of the editorial boards of The Journal of Family History, Minerva: A Journal of Women and War, and Ohio Valley History, as well as an associate editor of the Journal of Historical Archaeology & Anthropological Sciences (JHAAS).

Mollie Cavender published an article, “Hunting in Imperial Russia: State Policy and Social Order in L.P. Savaneev’s Writing,” in The Russian Review (July 2017). In addition, she produced a conference paper and public research talk.

William Childs worked on the 3rd edition of American Business Since 1920: How It Worked, which will be out in January 2018. The book was originally written by his undergraduate and graduate advisor, the late Pulitzer prize-winning Thomas K. McCraw. Childs has edited and reorganized the original work, adding two new chapters written entirely

by Childs.

Alice Conklin was a recipient of the 2016 Distinguished Scholar Award, one of the highest honors given to an Ohio State faculty member. She is the author of two prize-winning monographs, A Mission to Civilize: The Republican Idea of Empire in France and West Africa, 1895-1930 (Stanford, 1997) and In the Museum of Man: Race, Anthropology and Empire in France, 1850-1950 (Cornell, 2013; French ed., 2015). In addition to her numerous articles and co-authored books, she presented papers and keynote addresses at conferences in the U.S., Canada, U.K., France, Spain, Belgium, Netherlands, Algeria, Senegal, Korea and Hong Kong. Conklin is on the editorial board of the Journal of Modern History, serves on the scientific committee of Bérose - Encyclopédie en ligne sur l’histoire de l’anthropologie et des savoirs ethnographiques, and is an international member of the board of the Revue d’Histoire des Sciences Humaines. She has received fellowships from the John Simon Guggenheim Foundation, the Fulbright Commission

and the German Marshall Fund, and is currently advising six graduate students.

Kip Curtis has been working with campus and university partners to develop an ecology and social justice initiative connected to the 640-acre Ecolab on the Mansfield campus.

To date, he has raised $160,000 internally to support programs and planning related to that project including a 1/3-acre demonstration urban microfarm, a student internship program and a community engagement planning process to launch an urban food systems development project. He is beginning work with students on a detailed environmental history of Richland County and of Mansfield, Ohio as part of this effort, with the goal of using spatial history tools to develop interactive maps of the University Ecolab site and the surrounding communities. Kip is also a member of the Energy Academic Collaboration Council (EACC).

Theodora Dragostinova co-edited (with Yana Hashamova) Beyond Mosque, Church, and State: Alternative Narratives of the Nation in the Balkans (Central European University Press, 2016). She is a founding member of the Global Mobility Project at Ohio State, an interdisciplinary faculty group that examines migration from comparative perspective. Theodora was the 2017 recipient of the Paul W. Brown Excellence in Teaching Award.

Alcira Dueñas published articles in Histórica and Andean Worlds and will have an article out soon in Ethnohistory. She presented papers at the 2017 interdisciplinary conference Thinking Andean Studies, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and at the 2016 American Society for Ethnohistory Conference in Nashville, Tennessee. Alcira also contributed and participated as a Latin Americanist in “Race, Revolution and Culture,” a study abroad program to Cuba in May 2017.

Bart Elmore was awarded the 2016 Council of Graduate Schools Gustave O. Arlt Award in the Humanities for his book, Citizen Coke: The Making of Coca-Cola Capitalism (W.W. Norton & Company, 2014). He is a frequent guest of podcasters and has made numerous media appearances, including an appearance on an Apple Beats 1 radio show hosted by Ezra Koenig, lead singer for Vampire Weekend.

He is working on two documentary film projects and serves as editor of the “Histories of Capitalism and the Environment” book series of the West Virginia University Press.

Bart is also an Eric and Wendy Schmidt fellow at the New America Foundation.

Carter Findley’s book, Enlightening Europe − continued history.osu.edu page 17

faculty news on Islam and the Ottomans: Mouradgea d’Ohsson and His Masterpiece, is in press and due for publication in 2018.

He presented papers at the conferences The Middle East Reconfigured: World History and the Middle East (Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8-9 January 2017) and Reconfiguring Imperial Spaces (Berlin, 13-14 October 2017).

Matt Goldish holds the Samuel M. and Esther Melton Chair in Jewish History. He serves on the Association for Jewish Studies program committee. In addition to publishing several journal articles, Matt reviewed articles for a number of publications, including Hispanic Studies Review, Jewish History, and Jewish Quarterly Review. He presented papers at conferences in Florence, Italy; San Diego, California; Denver, Colorado; and Laramie, Wyoming, where he was the opening speaker for a conference at the University of Wyoming celebrating the 500th anniversary of the beginning of the Protestant Reformation.

Donna Guy was granted the Fulbright in Argentina.

Peter Hahn was elected vice president of the Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations (SHAFR). He was also honored by SHAFR with its first Distinguished Service Award.

Barbara Hanawalt published Ceremony and Civility: Civic Culture of Medieval London (Oxford University Press, 2017).

J. Albert Harrill guest-edited a special issue of Biblical Interpretation: A Journal of Contemporary Issues entitled “Redrawing the Boundaries,” which engages the interdisciplinary work of Page duBois on torture, truth, and slavery as fundamental cultural associations in the ancient world. He also published four articles: 1) “‘Without Lies or Deception’: Oracular Claims to Truth in the Epistle to Titus,” in New Testament Studies; 2) “‘Exegetical Torture’ in Early Christian Biblical Interpretation: The Case of Origen of Alexandria,” in Biblical Interpretation; 3) “Two Approaches to Pauline Discourse,” in the Ancient Jew Review; and 4) “Saint Paul and the Christian Communities of Nero’s Rome,” in The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Nero (Cambridge University Press). In 2017, Professor Harrill presented papers at the department’s Clio society, the Melton Center for Jewish Studies, the Universities of South Africa and Pretoria, and the annual meetings of the Society of Biblical Literature and the International Society of New Testament Studies. He continues to build the department’s course offerings in the historical study of the Bible. He received the 2017 Phi Alpha Theta Zeta Chapter’s Clio Award for Distinguished Teaching in History. page 18 THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY

Jane Hathaway is a member of the Middle East Studies Association’s Committee on Academic Freedom in the Middle East and North Africa and a board member of the Comité International des Études Pré-Ottomanes et Ottomanes (CIEPO). In addition, she held the fall 2016 Gladys Krieble Delmas Foundation Membership for the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. Jane was awarded the James M. Siddens Award for Distinguished Faculty Advising by Ohio State’s Council of Graduate Students. Her forthcoming publication, The Chief Eunuch of the Ottoman Imperial Harem: Head of the African Eunuchs at the Sultan’s Court (Cambridge University Press), will be the first study in any language of the Chief Eunuch, one of the most powerful figures in Ottoman history, which will unquestionably become the definitive study.

Susan Hartmann was the recipient of the 2017 Ohio Academy of History’s Distinguished Historian Award.

Tryntje Helfferich contributed the chapter, “‘They Wanted to Make Us into Real Soldiers’: The Blurred Line between Noncombatants and Combatants in the Thirty Years War,” in Civilians and Warfare in World History (Brill, 2017).

Additionally, she presented papers at the annual meeting of the Sixteenth Century Society and Conference [SCSC] in Bruges, Belgium (August 2016); the University of Michigan Premodern Colloquium in Ann Arbor, Michigan (September 2017); and at the SCSC in Milwaukee, Wisconsin (October 2017). She also presented her research at scholarly colloquiums in Vienna, Austria and Lund, Sweden in May 2017, and chaired panels at the 2016 Bruges SCSC and at the Renaissance Society of America conference in Chicago, Illinois in March 2017. Forthcoming work includes a newly translated edition of Martin Luther’s essential works (Hackett, 2018), and two book chapters—one on military subsidies, and one on women in the Habsburg Empire (both to be published in 2018). She is currently completing a monograph on generals in the Thirty Years War. David Hoffmann was named Arts and Sciences Distinguished Professor of History in August 2017. He also received the 2017 Phi Alpha Theta Zeta Chapter’s Clio Award for Distinguished Teaching in History. His book, Kul’tivirovania massy: Sovremennye praktiki gosudarstva i Sovetskii sotsializm, 1914-1938 (Novoe Literaturnoe Obozrenie) will be out soon, and he currently is writing a book on the entire Stalinist era that will be part of the “New Approaches to European History” series at Cambridge University Press. − continued on page 20

John C. Burnham

in memoriam

1929 - 2017

PROFESSOR JOHN C. BURNHAM arrived at The Ohio State University in 1963, where he became an internationally known historian in the history of medicine, the history of psychiatry and psychoanalysis, and sociocultural history. He served on the faculty until his retirement in 2002.

As a faculty member, he taught thousands of students at every level, including postdoctoral resident physicians in the Department of Psychiatry. He was an informal mentor to many graduate students and young historians. And, in 1993, Professor Burnham was presented with Ohio State’s Distinguished Scholar Award.

Many describe Professor Burnham as an “historian’s historian.” He is known for his 1993 prize-winning, albeit controversial book, Bad Habits: Drinking, Smoking, Taking Drugs, Gambling, Sexual Misbehavior and Swearing in American History, and he was the first modern scholar to challenge the idea that American prohibition (of alcoholic beverages) failed.

He also was one of the first non-M.D. historians to work in the field of history of psychiatry, and he has been recognized around the world for his contributions to that field.

Professor Burnham served as president of the American Association for the History of Medicine from 1990 to 1992; senior Fulbright lecturer at the University of Melbourne and at the University of Tasmania; Tallman professor of history and psychology at Bowdoin College; distinguished foreign visiting professor at the University of Sydney; fellow of the American Psychological Association; and fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He was recognized with a lifetime achievement award for leadership in the history of psychology by the American Psychological Association and a lifetime achievement award from the American Association for the History of Medicine.

PHOTO THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY ARCHIVES

John Burnham in 1993 when he was named Distinguished Scholar.

Professor Burnham continued to publish and to mentor young scholars well into his retirement. Awarded the honorary title of Research Professor of History when he became an emeritus, he spent 2002-2003 as a Bye-fellow at the University of Cambridge’s Robinson College in England. Thereafter he was associated with the Medical Heritage Center at Ohio State.

John Burnham died on May 12, 2017. ■ history.osu.edu page 19

faculty news Clay Howard’s forthcoming book, The Closet and the Cul de Sac: Sex, Politics and Suburbanization in Postwar California (University of Pennsylvania Press) is set to be published in spring 2018. He co-organized the Teach-In, an event that was held at Ohio State in December 2016 as a follow-up to the 2016 Elections.

Meiyu Hsieh continues to offer courses at the Marion Campus, such as pre-modern East Asian history, the Silk Road, and the Mongol Empire. She places a special emphasis on diversity, communication, collaboration, and inclusivity in both course content and classroom pedagogy. In addition, she has published one co-authored book chapter “Tianxia and the Invention of Empire in East Asia” in Chinese Visions of World Order (2017) and has one article, “A Necessary Ally: The Xiongnu and the Consolidation of the Han Dynasty,” under review. Meiyu is also completing her manuscript Networking for Power: Han Imperialism in Eastern Eurasia, First Century BCE-CE. Thomas Ingersoll recently published The Loyalist Problem in Revolutionary New England (Cambridge University Press, 2016). He is currently searching for a publisher for his next book, A “Tempestuous Sea of Liberty”: The Rage for Equality in the Election of 1800.

Hasan Kwame Jeffries gave invited presentations at symposiums marking the 50th anniversary of the Black Power Movement at Alabama State University and commemorating the life and legacy of civil rights icon Julian Bond at the University of Virginia. He led public conversations with Black Panther Party co-founder Bobby Seale at the new Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, and with former Columbus Mayor Michael B. Coleman at the Columbus Museum of Art. And he appeared as a contributor in the PBS series “Black America Since MLK: And Still I Rise.”

Robin Judd continues to work on her manuscript Loss, Liberation, and Love: Jewish Brides and Soldier Husbands After the Holocaust, which builds upon important research on postwar Jewish communities, immigration and survivor histories to offer new perspectives. She was invited to present the 2017 Monna and Otto Weinmann Annual Lecture, “Loss, Liberation, and Love: Jewish Brides and Soldier Husbands, 1943-1946,” at the Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C. (see pages 4−6). In addition to serving on the boards and advisory committees of several prestigious organizations, she was an American Council of Learned page 20 THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY

Societies (ACLS) fellow, 2016-2017, and is a founding member of the Global Mobility Project at Ohio State, an interdisciplinary faculty group that examines migration from comparative perspective. Robin also serves as the American editor of the Journal of Modern Jewish Studies.

Alexander Kaye spent much of the past year in Israel where he worked on his current book, The Invention of Jewish Theocracy: Law and Politics in Religious Zionist Thought, and engaged in new archival research under the Yad Hanadiv/Beracha Foundation Fellowship in Jewish Studies.

Stephen Kern published Modernism After the Death of God: Christianity, Fragmentation, and Unification (Routledge, 2017), a study of how Friedrich Nietzsche, James Joyce, Sigmund Freud, D. H. Lawrence, André Gide, Martin Heidegger and Virginia Woolf replaced the unity of Christianity with unifying projects in philosophy, psychiatry, and literature.

Susan Lawrence is finance committee chair for the American Association for the History of Medicine and on the editorial board of the Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. She continues work on American Cadavers, 1860-1880, a project with Susan E. Lederer of the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Mitch Lerner is director of the Institute for Korean Studies at Ohio State. He is the department coordinator for the Newark Campus, where he also directs the LeFevre Fellows Community Outreach Program. In addition, he is associate editor of the Journal of American-East Asian Relations, and serves on the editorial board of Studies in Conflict, Diplomacy and Peace. He has a new edited volume, The Cold War at Home and Abroad, which is in production with the University Press of Kentucky.

Scott Levi was a 2016-2017 residential fellow at the Institute for Advanced Study in Nantes, France. He is on the Board of Trustees for the American Institute of Afghanistan Studies, and his latest book, The Rise and Fall of Khoqand, 1709-1876: Central Asia in the Global Age was released in November 2017.

Peter Mansoor organized a conference at the Mershon Center for International Security Studies on the topic “The Culture of Military Organizations,” which examined the impact of organizational culture on the military effectiveness of a number of military organizations from the U.S. Civil War to the present day and which will be the basis for an edited volume to be submitted for publication by Cambridge

faculty news University Press. He also organized a centennial conference on World War I at the Fawcett Center and presented a lecture on the military history of World War I, 1914-1918. Most recently he presented the keynote address, “What lessons do wars of the 20th century offer armies in the 21st?” at the Australian Chief of Army History Conference in Canberra, Australia. He serves as a member of the board of trustees for the Society for Military History and is a member of the Marine Corps University Board of Visitors. He continues to be an active contributor to TV, radio, and print media on topics of national security, foreign policy, and military history.

Katherine Marino’s forthcoming book, provisionally titled Feminism for the Americas: The History of a Hemsipheric Movement (University of North Carolina Press) will be published in fall 2018. She co-organized the on-campus Teach-In on the 2016 Election in December 2016, and she participated in a “History Talk” podcast on the Equal Rights Amendment with Ohio State professor emerita of history Susan Hartmann and Miami University history professor Kimberly Hamlin in the spring of 2017 (https://origins.osu. edu/historytalk/equal-rights-amendment-then-and-now).

In the summer of 2017 her article and documents project “U.S. Empire, 1820-2004: United States Women Shape Political Culture in the Panama Canal Zone, 1903-1975” was published in the digital journal and database Women and Social Movements in Modern Empires since 1820.

Thomas McDow anticipates the publication of his first book, Buying Time: Debt and Mobility in the Western Indian Ocean (Ohio University Press), which reconstructs the movement of people and credit between Arabia, the Swahili Coast and the East African interior in the nineteenth century.

In March he delivered a lecture entitled “Arabian Oases and Lake Victoria: Indian Ocean Hinterlands of the 19th Century” at the University of Pittsburgh’s History Colloquium. Over the summer, he taught a month-long study abroad course in Tanzania on HIV in its regional and historical context.

The course, co-taught with a microbiologist and cross listed with the Department of Microbiology, was a complement to the innovative course on the global history and science of HIV that the two instructors have been teaching during the spring semester for the past three years. McDow is currently working on a primer for teaching Indian Ocean history for a series from Duke University Press.

Margaret Newell was awarded the Peter J. Gomes Memorial Prize for 2016 from the Massachusetts Historical Society for her book, Brethren by Nature: New England Indians, Colonists, and the Origins of American Slavery (Cornell University Press). The book also won the Organization for

American Historians’ James A. Rawley Prize for the best book dealing with the history of race relations in the United States. In addition to numerous invited lectures and public appearances, Margaret is program chair for Ohio State’s Center for Historical Research’s 2017-2019 program, “`You Say You Want a Revolution?’: Revolutions in Historical Perspective.” This year, the program brings eight eminent scholars to campus to discuss their research on revolutions from the ancient world to the Arab Spring with students, faculty and public audiences. In addition, Professor Newell is teaching two related courses for graduate and undergraduate students on the subject.

Christopher Otter was selected by Ohio State’s University Honors & Scholars Center as the inaugural London Honors faculty fellow. His forthcoming manuscript Diet for a Large Planet: Food Systems, World-Ecology and the Making of Industrial Britain is in preparation at the University of Chicago Press. In 2017 Chris published three articles in leading journals and was on the editorial board for the Journal of British Studies.

Geoffrey Parker was one of three faculty members from the College of Arts and Sciences to be elected a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2017. In July he published The global crisis. War, climate and catastrophe in the seventeenth century: Abridged and revised edition (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2017), and a fourth updated edition of his best-selling study of King Philip II of Spain: Felipe II. La biografía definitive (Barcelona, 2017).

NapoleonV Press also published a Polish translation of his first book, The Army of Flanders and the Spanish Road (1972), with a new preface for Polish readers: Armia Flandrii i Hiszpańska Droga 1567-1659. Przyczyny hiszpańskich zwycięstw i porażek w Niderlandach (Oświęcim: 2016).

Joe Parrott completed an entry on the “United States and Southern Africa” for the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History, and his commentary has appeared recently with The Washington Post and Ozy. He revised an article on the early organizing of anti-apartheid activist Randall Robinson and continues to work on his manuscript, very tentatively titled Struggle for Solidarity: African Decolonization and the Domestic Politics of the Cold War. In May, he received the Ronald T. and Gayla D. Farrar Award in Media and Civil Rights History from the University of South Carolina for his article, “A Luta Continua: Radical Filmmaking, Pan-African Liberation and Communal Empowerment.”

Christopher Reed published three entries (Literacy, Printing, Selected Works of Mao Zedong) in the − continued history.osu.edu page 21

faculty news Encyclopedia of Chinese History (London: Routledge, 2017) and a Chinese-language article on late 19th-century Chinese photographic images and their likely audiences (Shanghai: Fudan University Press, 2016). He presented two talks at UT-Austin, one to the Center of Asian Studies and one as part of the dedication ceremony of a named facility. He participated in conferences on China’s Propaganda System (Center for the Study of War, Propaganda, and Society, University of Kent, England, 2016), Forgotten Books & Cultural Memory (Taipei University of Technology, Taiwan, 2016), Xylography & Lithography in Relation to Manuscript Production (Center for Manuscript Cultures, University of Hamburg, Germany, 2017). He served on the Fulbright National Screening Committee (China & Mongolia), was asked to review multiple book proposals, a book manuscript and journal articles. He continues to serve on the editorial boards of Twentieth-Century China and Book History. Two of his PhD students—Austin Dean and John Knight—completed and defended their dissertations and are now employed (UNLV and Rhode Island School of Design, respectively). Finally, he served on the Historical Building Committee of the Clintonville (Ohio) Area Commission.

During the past year Nathan Rosenstein published two chapters in edited volumes and several more are forthcoming. He also presented a talk at the Celtic Conference in Classics in Montreal, Canada.

In the past year, Randy Roth completed three-year terms on the editorial board of the American Historical Review and on the National Academy of Sciences Roundtable on Crime Trends. He also received the 2017 Rodica C. Botoman Award for Distinguished Undergraduate Teaching and Mentoring. He is working on Child Murder in America, a history of homicides of or by children from colonial times to the present. Most recently, he authored an op-ed on America’s homicide problem for the Sunday, October 6, 2017 edition of The Washington Post.

Tina Sessa recently published a co-edited volume, A Companion to Ostrogothic Italy (Leiden: Brill, 2016), and just finished a book on daily life in late antiquity, to appear with Cambridge University Press in 2018. After a productive sabbatical year in 2016-17 thanks to an ACLS fellowship, she is making progress on her third book, The Church at War in Late Antiquity, a study of the relationship between human and environmental crisis and religious development in the late Roman West.

Jennifer Siegel is a professor of European diplomatic and military history. She has recently published “The Russian page 22 THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY

Revolution of 1905 in the Eyes of Russia’s Financiers” in the journal Revolutionary Russia, and has written book reviews for The Wall Street Journal. In the past year, she has participated in conference panels in Paris, France; Denver, Colorado; and New Haven, Connecticut. Additionally, she organized a three-day conference of international scholars entitled, “Three Decades of International Security Studies at Yale.” She has also given invited lectures at the University of Texas, Austin, University of Southern California, Yale University and Mississippi State University.

Ahmad Sikainga presented a paper titled “The Representation of Slavery in Literature and Popular Culture in Arabia and the Persian Gulf” at the Annual Conference of the African Studies Association in Washington D.C., December 1-3, 2016. He also presented a paper on slavery and wage labor in Qatar at Georgetown University, Doha, Qatar, April 25, 2017.

Stephanie Smith’s second book, The Power and Politics of Art in Postrevolutionary Mexico, was published by the University of North Carolina Press, December 2017. She also gave two invited talks, “The Gendering of Mexico’s Cultural Revolution: Women, Art, and Radical Politics,” at St. John’s University; and “The Politics of Art in Postrevolutionary Mexico,” at Stony Brook University, SUNY. In addition, she presented, “Frida and Diego,” to Columbus’s History Club.

Professor Smith published book reviews and reviewed several articles and chapters for publication. Currently she serves as the vice chair for the history department.

Birgitte Søland continues to teach courses in European history, women’s history, and the history of children and childhood. Over the past year, she has delivered lectures at the University of Copenhagen and at the University of Aarhus, Denmark. She also presented papers at the European Social Science History Conference in Valencia, Spain, and at the annual meeting of the Social Science History Association in Chicago, Illinois. She is currently completing her book manuscript, Other People’s Kids: Orphanages, Foster Care and Child Welfare in Twentieth-century America.

Mytheli Sreenivas presented papers at the American Historical Association Conference in Denver, Colorado in January 2016; at the Berkshire Conference on the History of Women, Genders, and Sexualities in Long Island, New York in June 2016; and at the Annual Conference on South Asia in Madison, Wisconsin in October 2016. She has also authored several online publications, and delivered a public lecture in Columbus in September 2016 in conjunction with

faculty news Pizzuti Collection’s exhibit “Visions from India.”

David Staley was named interim director of the Humanities Institute, and also director of the newly-funded Center for the Humanities in Practice. He made presentations to the Ohio Facilities Construction Commission, the Australian Defence College and the Center for Information and Communication Sciences at Ball State University on topics related to history and the future. He has a book in press with Johns Hopkins University Press titled Alternative Universities: Speculative Design for Innovation in Higher Education.

David Stebenne is now the department’s Undergraduate Teaching Committee chair. He recently published three chapters in edited books: “Social Welfare in the United States, 1945-1960,” in Robert Mason and Iwan Morgan, eds., The Liberal Consensus Reconsidered: American Politics and Society in the Postwar Era (University Press of Florida, 2017); and “Columbia in Historical Context” and “Columbia at Fifty,” in Robert Tennenbaum, ed., Columbia, Maryland: A FiftyYear Retrospective on the Making of A Model City (2017).

Stebenne is currently finishing a new book on the rise of the middle class in mid-century America.

During 2017, Heather Tanner presented research on women’s legal capacity in thirteenth-century France and England at the 17th Berkshire Conference of Women Historians and at the 23rd annual Arizona Center for Medieval & Renaissance Studies, which will be published in Paradigm Shifts in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Age (Brepols, forthcoming). She is editing a volume— Medieval Elite Women and the Exercise of Power, 1100-1400: Moving Beyond the Exceptionalist Debate – for Palgrave MacMillan (2018) and has an article on the countesses of Vermandois-Valois-Amiens in Medieval Prosopography (forthcoming 2018). She is currently completing her monograph on the countesses of Boulogne (1160-1259) which argues that elite women, especially inheriting countesses, were not subsumed into their husbands’ legal authority, but rather continued to govern, serve as lords and vassals, and play a role in politics in northern France.

Museum for Contemporary Art in Moscow, Russia, and at an emerging art and museum project in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, as well as at the University of Rochester and the University of California in Irvine. In the Spring of 2016, she led a Black history and culture spring break trip to Washington D.C. with twelve Ohio State undergraduate and graduate students. She edited a special issue of the journal Critical Interventions: Journal of African Art History and Visual Culture on the theme of postcolonial cultural institutions. Authentically African, her recent book, was a finalist for the Triennial Arnold Rubin Outstanding Publication Award for best book on the arts of Africa.

Sam White’s second book, A Cold Welcome: The Little Ice Age and Europe’s Encounter with North America was published by Harvard University Press in October 2017 and has received reviews in Foreign Policy and The New York Review of Books. Professor White presented at conferences in Spain and Croatia, and gave invited talks at the University of Colorado (INSTAAR), Yale University, Iowa State University, Aix-Marseilles University and the University of Maryland (SESYNC).

Ying Zhang’s book, Confucian Image Politics: Masculine Morality in Seventeenth-Century China (University of Washington Press), was released in 2016. She is a founding member and co-coordinator of both the Humanities Institute Workshop on Confinement and the Premodernist Group.

She serves on the CHR steering committee of the 2017-19 program. In fall 2017, she was in residence as a member in the School of Historical Studies at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. ■

Sarah Van Beurden was a visiting fellow at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science in Berlin, Germany over the summer 2017. She is a longstanding member of the Histories of Planning workgroup there and co-organized two workshops on the theme in June. She also co-organized the recent Ohio State symposium “Creating, Curating and Studying Black Art.” In addition to several conference papers, Van Beurden gave invited talks at the Garage history.osu.edu page 23

Alumni Spotlight

Meet Jessica Tolbert (BA 2012)

J

ESSICA TOLBERT (BA 2012) grew up in Lorain, Ohio and attended Ohio State where she graduated with Bachelor of Arts degrees in both History and Spanish, with a minor in Public Policy.

While at Ohio State, she was a member of Phi Alpha Theta, a dining hall student manager, a PASS scholar, a resident advisor and a Campus Campaign Coordinator for Teach For America.

Following graduation, Jessica was accepted into Teach For America and worked in the rural Mississippi Delta teaching 3rd grade math. During her two years of teaching in Moorhead, Mississippi, she notes that “I learned more from my students and community than I could have ever imagined. I joined a small town community that couldn’t have been more welcoming and trusting of me to co-found a 3rd through 5th grade math club and become the coach of the town’s first softball team.”

In the classroom, Jessica taught math to a group of students that had been directly affected by the lack of resources afforded to rural school districts but that rose to every single expectation for academic achievement. By the end of her second year in Mississippi, Jessica’s students had the highest quarterly scores in the school district, with 97% of students passing their state exams. In addition, she was able to raise $3,352 toward student supplies (books, math centers, field trips), serve as the head of the math department during her second year of teaching, and was honored to be a semi-finalist for the Sue Lehmann Award, a national award created by Teach For America, and the runner-up for Teacher of the Year at her school.

After two years, Jessica moved to New Orleans, Louisiana to continue her teaching career where, in the past three years, she has collectively taught nearly 250 third graders, raised $2,682 towards student supplies and field trips, graduated with honors from the University of Kansas with a MSEd page 24 THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY

in Curriculum & Instruction, served as grade level chair, coached twenty-five first-year teachers through TeachNOLA, and raised student academic achievement significantly.

Seventy percent of her students have met their yearly math goals and twice the number of students from the previous year have reached their math college readiness goals.

“...the future is bright. Our youth can make amazing contributions to all of our communities and we as adults can do much more to better the society we live in for our future generations.”

This school year, in addition to teaching, Jessica has taken on new roles, serving both as a bilingual translator for Spanish-speaking families and as a teacher-coach for first year teachers. Further, she created school-wide diversity and inclusion trainings and initiatives to better serve the school’s students and the greater New Orleans community.

The past five years of Ms. Tolbert’s post-graduation life have been centered on improving teacher quality, achieving student results, and pushing for diversity and social justice. She acknowledges that “the work is nowhere near complete, but the future is bright. Our youth can make amazing contributions to all of our communities and we as adults can do much more to better the society we live in for our future generations.” ■

We want to hear from you!

Alumni and friends are a vital part of the Department of History! Your continued support and engagement help inspire current and future students, so share your news and achievements. After all, the best measure of a school is the success of its graduates.

We publish alumni news online as it happens and annually in this newsletter. Submit your news by emailing us at history@osu.edu.

Grad Student Spotlight

MAKING HISTORY

Graduate Students Use Podcasts to Communicate with Global Audience

By Rhonda Maynard

L

IKE MILLIONS OF PEOPLE, I LISTEN TO PODCASTS. My taste ranges from the ever popular “This American Life” to the nostalgic “Orson Welles On The Air.” The historian in me led me to try another widely listened to podcast, “Stuff You Missed in History Class,” which, after sampling, I decided I could continue to miss.

But when I discovered two podcasts produced by graduate students in our own department, I listened and quickly became a fan, and if you do not already subscribe, you should. I’m talking about “History Talk,” a podcast produced and hosted by PhD students and Origins: Current Events in Historical Perspective managing editors Jessica Viñas-Nelson and Brenna Miller, and second year PhD student Pietro Shakarian’s “Reconsidering Russia & Former Soviet Union Podcast.” I had the opportunity to speak with Viñas-Nelson, Miller and Shakarian in early September.

When I met up with Viñas-Nelson and Miller in Hagerty Hall, they were about to record a “History Talk” episode featuring Pulitzer prize-winning author Elizabeth Kolbert and Ohio State history professor Sam White. The episode, entitled The Sixth Extinction and Our Unraveling World, focuses on the warning by scientists that by the end of this century, nearly 25-50% of all species on earth could be lost.

Before their guests arrived, we talked a little about the show’s goals. Viñas-Nelson and Miller told me that there were two key missions that make the project really special right now. First, the “big picture” perspective and in-depth background and analysis they offer is important, but also hard to come by in the era of the 24-hour news cycle. “It’s easy to view a ton of information each day, without really thinking critically about it or absorbing it,” Miller says. “‘History Talk’ is different because it puts issues into a longer historical narrative, and focuses on those ‘So what?’ questions, like: What led to this event? − continued

Brenna Miller and Jessica Viñas-Nelson

Jessica Viñas-Nelson

Jessica Viñas-Nelson and Brenna Miller history.osu.edu page 25

What is its significance? And what lessons can we take from it? We find that type of discussion often really changes how we think about current issues altogether.” Second, podcasts like “History Talk” can make an academic topic more accessible to the general public. “It isn’t just for the ‘ivory tower’,” Miller explains. “What people are studying ‘in there’ is really relevant to what’s going on ‘out here,’ and in the information age, that’s more important than ever. It’s great to be able to connect with experts who have dedicated their lives to developing a deeper understanding about these issues, places and people.”

“History Talk” offers Miller and Viñas-Nelson an opportunity to engage in public history and share what they learn with their audience. “‘History Talk’ covers all eras of history and topics from around the world,” Miller explained. “So whether something is trending in the news, or just doesn’t seem to be getting the coverage we think it needs, we’re in the unique position to be able to put a program together, bring in experts and talk about it.”

For both Viñas-Nelson and Miller, working on “History Talk” has been a wonderful opportunity to participate in the podcast production process, learn about new topics, meet all kinds of amazing experts, and share all the great work these experts are doing with the public.

After the show wrapped, I asked Miller for her thoughts on the episode. “Our episode on the Sixth Extinction was really eye opening,” she said. “Most of us have a sense that climate change and human activity are dramatically affecting biodiversity, but how expansive that impact was wasn’t something I had realized before. Sam White and Elizabeth Kolbert also put these changes into a larger historical perspective, which helped to illustrate how rapidly climate change is taking place today − how complex mass extintion events are and how significant the consequences could be.”

Like all of their programs, this episode left listeners with a lot to think about. But it also informed listeners, giving us suggestions on what we can do at the individual, national and global levels to address the problem facing us today.

“History Talk” has been broadcast and hosted on NPR stations like 90.5 WCBE Columbus and 91.3 WYSO Yellow Springs. It is the companion podcast to the online magazine Origins: Current Events in Historical Perspective, co-edited by our own Nicholas Breyfogle and David Steigerwald, as well as professor of history at Miami University, Steven Conn. As Origins’s title suggests, topics covered online and in the podcast take a current event − whether political, cultural or social − and ask experts to analyze the issue page 26 THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY

in a broader, deeper context. The goal is to focus on the long-term trends and patterns, while searching for the foundation or foundations of events. This exploration of the often complicated nature of a particular current event is what sets “History Talk” apart from news programs like NPR’s All Things Considered. Past podcast episodes include Hooked: Drugs, Prohibition and American Cities; North Korea: The Myth of a Hermit Kingdom; and The Equal Rights Amendment: Then and Now. Episodes often appear on the online journal Fair Observer.

Across campus, another PhD student records his podcast in a much more intimate space, Prior Hall’s “Whisper Room.” As we weaved down the crowded Neil Avenue sidewalk making our our way from Dulles Hall to Prior Hall one particularly sunny fall afternoon, Pietro Shakarian and I discussed the genesis of his “Reconsidering Russia & Former Soviet Union Podcast.” “It started in 2015 when I was studying for my MA at the University of Michigan,” Shakarian explained. “My immediate motivation was that I felt there were other podcasts, at least podcasts that were accessible in the English language, that were too anti- or pro-Russian. I felt that they were also disconnected in some respect from Russian history and literature, which, I think, are inseparable from understanding Russian politics.” Shakarian stresses that his goal is to give listeners an objective picture of Russia today. “I feel very strongly that historians have a role to play – to communicate their ideas to the public and to communicate their sense of history to the public.”

Shakarian’s guests have included the Armenian comedian Sergey Sargsyan (co-host of ArmComedy, what is referred to as the Armenian version of The Daily Show); literary scholar Ellendea Proffer-Teasley; historians Alexander Rabinowitch and Ronald Grigor Suny; journalists Vladimir Pozner and Fred Weir; and politicians, such as Ambassador Jack F. Matlock, Jr., among others. I asked Shakarian if he could name a favorite guest from the fifteen episodes recorded to date. “You know, I’ve been thinking about this. I can’t pick just one guest. I think there are many different guests whom I’ve enjoyed talking to in different ways. People are enjoyable in different ways,” he said.

One thing that comes across in Shakarian’s podcast is how comfortable he is with his guests. His interview style is very conversational and academic, yet accessible. “Hopefully people in the next twenty-five years, fifty years, whatever, will look back on what I’ve done and will say this person has done something significant,” Shakarian explained. “I see it mostly as capturing a moment in time – capturing the thoughts of people who have had extraordinary − continued

MAKING HISTORY

PhD students Jessica Viñas-Nelson and Brenna Miller in Hagerty Hall’s studio back in September 2017 as they prepare to record the “History Talk” episode entitled The Sixth Extinction and Our Unraveling World.

history.osu.edu page 27

“I see it mostly as capturing a moment in time −capturing the thoughts of people who have had extraordinary experiences...”

-Pietro Shakarian

Second year PhD student Pietro Shakarian during our interview in September 2017.

page 28 THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY

MAKING HISTORY

experiences, people who have spoken to people like Mikhail Gorbachev directly.”

Anastas Mikoyan.” Mikoyan was a prominent statesman in the Soviet Union during the Khrushchev years.

Another thing that is obvious in his podcasts is his knowledge and love of Russian history, something he traces back to growing up in a multi-cultural family. Shakarian’s father is Armenian, and his mother is half Hungarian and half Slovak. “I would overhear my dad talking on the phone, and he would speak Armenian, then he would be speaking Romanian and, maybe, throw in a Russian phrase. My mom would cook both Central Eastern European cuisine, as well as Caucasian Mediterranean style cuisine, so, for me personally, growing up in this very multicultural world had a huge influence on me,” he said. Consequently, Shakarian developed a curiosity for Russian history at an early age.

“My dad and his sister would always talk about the history of communism. They would talk about people like Lenin or Gorbachev or Stalin, and I wondered who these people were. It eventually dawned on me when I took World History in high school and we began learning about the Russian Revolution that I should know something about this because this is part of my history, too.” As a teen, Shakarian started going to the Cleveland Public Library to check-out every book that he could about Russia, Eastern Europe, the Cold War, and the Russian Revolution. His studies led to an interest in the Caucasus region – Armenia and Georgia, specifically – and eventually the Middle East and Central Asia. He also became very interested in Russian literature.

His favorites include Pushkin, Tolstoy and Chekhov.

Podcasts are a great way to inform and entertain, but educators can use podcasts like “History Talk” and “Reconsidering Russia” in the classroom, too. For instance, Michael Godsey, an English teacher based in San Luis Obispo, California, wrote a March 17, 2016 article published on the online version of The Atlantic about the value of using podcasts in his class. Godsey incorporated an episode of the popular podcast “This American Life” into a unit on racial bias, and he used the first season of “Serial” to talk about storytelling.

Godsey discovered, “While I felt guilty the students weren’t reading very much during this unit, their engagement with a relevant and timely story − their eagerness to ask questions, their intrinsic motivation to use critical thinking − seemed to make it worth it, at least temporarily.” He went on to say, “The students voluntarily studied maps, evaluated clues, argued with each other, and wrote twice as much in their journals as they previously had. Perhaps most satisfying to me, they were engaging in adult conversations with teachers, parents, and administrators who were listening to the same podcast.”

Podcasts are super convenient, unlike traditional radio shows that air during certain timeslots; Podcasts are available 24/7. You don’t have to have an iPod to listen to a podcast, as most podcasts are accessible from a variety of websites available on phones, tablets, laptops or desktops.

Whether you are a fan of current events or want to learn more about Russian history and culture, I hope you have an opportunity to check out “History Talk” and “Reconsidering Russia & the Former Soviet Union” via the links listed below.

■ You can listen to Pietro Shakarian’s “Reconsidering Russia” podcast at mixcloud.com/reconsidering-russia/.

Listeners can find “History Talk” on iTunes and via the following websites:

Pietro Shakarian records in Prior Hall’s “Whisper Room.”

Shakarian works with professors Nicholas Breyfogle and David Hoffmann. I asked Shakarian about his current research. He said, “The problem with a PhD is that everything shifts dramatically in the sense that you start off with an idea and it evolves into something you don’t expect it to change into. So I’m sure that’s going to happen to me. Now I’m interested in studying the Soviet Armenian politician

•

Origins −origins.osu.edu/history-talk

•

NPR − npr.org/podcasts/381443700/history-talk-from-origins

•

You Tube - youtube.com/user/OSUHistory/channels (select OSU Origins)

•

SoundCloud − soundcloud.com/originsosu

Follow Origins: Current Events in Historical Perspective on facebook and twitter. facebook.com/pages/Origins-OSU/131664893560695 twitter.com/originsosu history.osu.edu page 29

you page 30 THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY

Members of the original Broadway cast of Hair, 1968.

say you history.osu.edu page 31

PHOTO BY KENN DUNCAN © BILLY ROSE THEATRE DIVISION, THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY FOR THE PERFORMING ARTS

THAT AWFUL YEAR

by David Steigerwald WITH THE ARGUABLE exceptions of 1861 and 1919, 1968 was the worst single year in American history. Each month seemed to bring some new portent of American self-destruction.

In January, the Communist Tet offensive in Vietnam exposed the false optimism of Johnson Administration promises that the war there was about to be won. Within weeks, a political earthquake rumbled through New Hampshire when Eugene McCarthy came close to defeating Lyndon Johnson in the February primary for the Democratic nomination. Quick on the heels of that squeaker, President Johnson’s worst nightmare appeared in the visage of Robert Kennedy, who opportunistically announced his candidacy. At the end of March, Johnson himself shocked everyone when he announced that he would not seek re-election.

A mere four days after Johnson’s announcement, Martin Luther King, Jr. was assassinated in Memphis. A wave of riots, the last great spasm in a run of urban violence, erupted in African-American neighborhoods. In the nation’s capital, rioters came within a few blocks of the Mall, and regular Army forces were called out to support local police and National Guard.

Two weeks later, Columbia University exploded in a campus uprising. Students occupied several buildings for days until an invasion of New York City police tore into the campus and yanked them out. Columbia shut down.

In early June, Robert Kennedy was assassinated in Los Angeles after defeating McCarthy in that state’s Democratic primary. The body was returned to New York and laid out in St. Patrick’s Cathedral. Over eighteen hours, some 50,000 people poured into St. Pat’s to grieve Kennedy.

Among the mourners, two fellow Irish Catholics, deep in prayer, occupied the front kneelers a few feet from one another: Tom Hayden, a preeminent spokesman of the student New Left, a leader of the forces of change; and Chicago Mayor Richard Daley, the symbol of the old tradeunion, urban-machine Democrat and a commander of the forces of order. Soon enough they got reacquainted.

As if in a movie script, the Democratic Convention was in Chicago that year. All hell broke loose. The Yippies promised to bring 100,000 followers to town and lace the city’s drinking water with LSD; Chicago authorities believed

want a revo JANUARY 22: Rowan & Martin’s Laugh-In premiers on NBC.

JANUARY 30: Viet Cong and North Vietnamese People’s Army of Vietnam launch The Tet Offensive against the South Vietnamese and their allies.

page 32 THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY

MARCH: Mass student protests across Poland amidst intellectual supression, political unrest and economic turmoil.

APRIL 4: Civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. is assassinated at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis.

APRIL 2: Stanley Kubrick’s 2001: A Space Odyssey is released concurrently with Arthur C. Clarke’s novel.

MAY 10: Student demonstrators riot in the streets of Paris.

JUNE 6: Robert F. Kennedy is assassinated in a ballroom of The Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles.

APRIL 23: Columbia University student activists occupy Columbia’s Administration building to protest segregation, as well as the Vietnam War.

MAKING HISTORY

order and the forces of change might play out. The city was overwhelmingly white and native-born. A handful of wealthy and powerful families determined the social-pecking order, controlled the media, and set a somnambulant tone. The lone racial minority, African Americans, constituted 16% of the population of the city and a much smaller percentage of the metro area. Confined through de facto segregation largely to the near east side, African Americans rarely figured into the schemes of the city’s power brokers.

Columbus was, Beat poet and counterculture guru Allen Ginsburg sniffed during a talk at the Ohio Union in 1969, a “hick-town police state as heavy as Prague.”

1968

that preposterous threat and posted 24-hour guards at the city reservoirs. Over successive nights, Chicago police routed protesters out of city parks and in broad daylight attacked still others in Grant Park. Inside the convention hall, Democrats engaged in fisticuffs with one another. Connecticut Senator Abraham Ribicoff denounced Mayor Daley’s “gestapo tactics,” and Daley, seated below the speaker’s podium, hurled back anti-Semitic expletives. After the Democrats voted down an antiwar plank, protesters began to collect near the main hotel, the Hilton. In what was later dubbed a “police riot,” Chicago PD clubbed their way into the crowd and arrested anyone in their way. The national news broadcasts covered it all as the protesters called out “the whole world is watching.”

Perhaps it was entirely fitting that so terrible a year ended with Richard Nixon elected president.

HERE AT OHIO STATE, the enormous fissures opening in American society as a whole deepened as well. As with Chicago but in its own peculiar way, Columbus was a fitting stage across which the collision between the forces of

In the midst of this cowtown, a modern “multi-versity” had metastasized after World War II. As of 1968, nearly 40,000 students were crowded into dorms, including the reviled Towers; plunked into classes with hundreds of other hapless student-widgets—if they were lucky enough to get registered for a class; and stuck under the governance of the in loco parentis doctrine that gave the administration leave to dictate personal behavior, including such obnoxious restraints as curfews.

olution?

JULY 2: Students at Belgrade University, Yugoslavia go on seven-day strike.

JULY 5: American Billie-Jean King defeats Australian Judy Tegart 9―7, 7―5, to take her third Wimbeldon ladies’ singles tennis championship title.

AUGUST 20: Armies from the Soviet Union, Bulgaria, Poland and Hungary invade Czechoslovakia ending the Prague Spring.

NOVEMBER 5: Richard Nixon elected 37th President of the United States.

OCTOBER 16: Yasunari Kawabata becomes first Japanese author to win the Nobel Prize for Literature.

− continued on page 39

NOVEMBER 22: The Beatles release The White Album; ”Hey Jude” becomes the year’s biggest selling single.

NOVEMBER 23: Ohio State beats Michigan, 50―14, at home.

NOVEMBER 14: Yale President Kingman Brewster announces Yale to admit women beginning in September 1969.

DECEMBER 20: Two high school students in northern California, Betty Lou Jensen and David Faraday, are murdered. Their killer becomes known as the Zodiac.

history.osu.edu page 33

Ohio State history professor David E. Green burns his draft card during class on April 5, 1968. Green was later fired and faced a Federal indictment because of the incident. He was found guilty of all charges and had to pay a $1,500 fine and serve a three-year suspended sentence in addition to three years probation.

page 34 THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY

history.osu.edu page 35

Articles Copyright Š The Lantern

Edward Boston (center), chair of the Columbus Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), speaks at a rally held on the Oval on July 11, 1968. The rally was in response to a decision by The Ohio State University Trustees to expell two students for their participation in the April 26th Administration Building takeover or “lock-in.” William C. McDonald (left), Ohio State graduate student in the German department and chairman of the Campus Americans for Democratic Action Civil Rights Committee, opened the rally with what became known as the “welcome to the police state” speech.

PHOTO THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY ARCHIVES

PHOTO THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY ARCHIVES

Ohio State history professor R. Clayton Roberts addresses a group of students on the Oval on Wednesday, April 3, 1968. Roberts was the chair of the OSU Committee for McCarthy, the senator and then democratic presidential candidate. According to The Lantern, Roberts “told the group that the election of McCarthy [was] needed for ‘lasting peace in Vietnam.’”

Ohio State Students march on the Administration Building after a Lincoln Tower fire kills two and injures several others on May 22, 1968. 18-year-old freshman Harriet Frances Leeb, a 13th-floor resident was later charged with arson in connection with the incident. Leeb was found not guilty by reason of insanity.

PHOTO THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY ARCHIVES

page 38 THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY

As the cultural and political winds swept across the state, the university environment increasingly resembled the triangular contest common elsewhere. Activist student groups pushed a host of discrete leftwing causes; the hidebound board of trustees resisted any compromise with those ingrates; and the somewhat liberal university administration, with Novice Fawcett in the president’s office, ineptly tried to navigate between them.

A small group—at most a few hundred of committed activists—engaged in regular antiwar protests, such as opposing military recruitment and a Dow Chemical job fair. The Black Student Union (BSU) pushed a wide agenda that demanded larger African American enrollments (black enrollment then was under 3% of the student body), better community outreach, the hiring of African American administrators and faculty, the development of Black Studies curricula, and better policing of racial discrimination in off-campus housing.

The King assassination brought some dramatic moments.

The day after King’s death, a History instructor, David Green, derailed his popular course on U.S. foreign policy by burning his draft card and then asked his male students to follow his lead. Soon afterward, African American activists occupied parts of Bricker Hall and tried to pressure upper-level administrators to fire a campus bus driver who had been rude to several female students. When the vice president for university business and finance, John Corbally, refused to do so, the students locked themselves in his office and held him for six hours. The board of trustees responded in predictably ham-handed fashion: They demanded Green’s termination and insisted that university administrators stand up to activists.

Otherwise, though, the bulk of the student body seems to have been apathetic. But if we keep in mind that all politics is local, we might understand how fragile that broad acquiescence to the status quo was. For most Ohio State students, the daily aggravations of the university bureaucracy overrode larger issues, even among those with passing interests in social justice and peace. Above all, swelling enrollments taxed dorm space and class registrations, the very basics of student life. In mid-Spring quarter, a disturbed student set fire to one of the suites in Lincoln Tower and killed two of her dorm mates. To many students, the tragedy illustrated the mechanical indifference of the administration, which had accepted a terrible design for the Towers, then forced students to live there. As William Shkurti notes in his recent book on Ohio State in the Sixties, students were never consulted about anything, much less the built environment they were compelled to inhabit.

Fortunately for the administration, summer came. Tempers cooled, and the administration used the breathing space to improve the racial atmosphere by moving on the list of demands from the BSU. Heading into fall term, the university doubled the number of African American advisors—from one to two. A committee was created to oversee recruitment of Black faculty, and the governor appointed Jack Gibbs as the first African American member of the board of trustees. At the same time, the university let the local draft board know that two of the antiwar students who had been involved in disruptions the previous term were available for the draft.

Perhaps it is in the realm of “the more things change, the more they stay the same” to note that the largest demonstration in the remainder of 1968 wasn’t over the election, the war, or racial injustice. Instead, it was a celebration of the football team’s huge victory over Michigan, which capped an undefeated season and a Number One poll ranking. The ensuing High Street riot led to twelve arrests, several dozen injuries, and tens of thousands of dollars in damage.

But all politics being local should also remind us that deep undercurrents of discontent remained, and when they burst in the open in spring 1970, Ohio State took a place in the annals of an awful time. ■ history.osu.edu page 39

CORE (Congress of Racial Equality) members distribute a “Black Survival Alert” across the Ohio State campus in 1968 after two students involved in the admin building takeover are expelled.

1968: Chaos and Community in Black America

By Hasan Kwame Jeffries

page 40 THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY

MAKING HISTORY

1968 WAS A TUMULTUOUS YEAR. There were unforeseen military actions, unimaginable political assassinations, unprecedented student revolts, unbelievable street protests, unthinkable challenges to conventional cultural norms, and unmistakable displays of solidarity among post-colonial countries. At the time, it was plain to see that the world was changing. Less clear, however, was the effect of those changes. Those invested in maintaining the status quo bemoaned what they saw and acted aggressively to stem the rising tide of unrest. Those committed to upending oppressive norms cheered the insurgency and looked for ways to advance the cause.

For African Americans, 1968 was just as chaotic as it was for everyone else. Black people found themselves fighting on the frontlines of an unwinnable war, mourning the murder of a civil rights icon, battling police on college campuses and in city streets, trying to inject an ethos of democratic governance into the major political parties, and rejecting white supremacist worldviews. They too recognized that the world was changing, and more often than not, spearheaded efforts to upend the status quo.

PHOTO THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY ARCHIVES

The wildfire of rebellion that African Americans helped ignite in 1968 was long in the making. The civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s had transformed America. It ended more than a century of state sanctioned racial discrimination, removing formal barriers to equal opportunity in education and employment and to equal access to public accommodations. It extended the franchise to millions of African Americans, permanently altering the nation’s political landscape. And it introduced a wide assortment of government sponsored social programs, helping ameliorate the most harmful effects of white supremacy, including chronic poverty.

African Americans living outside the South, however, felt the positive effects of the civil rights revolution far less than their southern counterparts. This was especially true for low income African Americans in urban communities. More than a dozen years after the Supreme Court ruled that segregated education was unconstitutional, their schools remained separate and unequal. More than a quarter century after migrating to America’s cities in search of industrial employment, their job prospects, never good to begin with, were vanishing. Several decades after casting their lot with the Democratic Party, their political voice remained marginalized. And after a lifetime of agitating for decent housing, they remained confined to overpriced, dilapidated apartment buildings and single family homes in rapidly decaying neighborhoods.

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., the nation’s foremost civil rights leader, understood that for many African Americans, the problem was not the pace of progress, it was that things were not changing at all, and in many instances, were even getting worse. This led him to organize the Poor People’s Campaign, an imaginative direct action program that brought thousands of poor people to the nation’s capital in June 1968 to pressure federal officials to meet their demand for jobs, unemployment insurance, a fair minimum wage, and quality education. It was a daring undertaking, full of promise and possibility. Sadly, Dr. King would not live long enough to see it. On April 4, 1968, in Memphis, Tennessee, he was killed by an assassin’s bullet while supporting striking black sanitation workers.

“The rebellious fervor that African Americans displayed in 1968 reflected a new sense of urgency. Tired of being told to be patient, that change takes time, they wanted an immediate end to all forms of racial discrimination and an immediate beginning to efforts to bring about equality of opportunity and outcome.”

Dr. King’s death sent shockwaves of anger rippling through Black America. In the days following his murder, 172 American cities exploded. In communities large and small, stretching from the East Coast to the West, African Americans poured into the streets to vent their rage, targeting local symbols of white supremacy. In Washington, D.C., which experienced some of the worst unrest, African Americans torched white owned businesses for discriminating against black customers and clashed with police for terrorizing black people.

The disturbances following Dr. King’s death are often dismissed as riots, as chaotic outbursts of violence from enraged black mobs. But they were much more than that.

They were rebellions against the racially discriminatory status quo, attempts by an especially alienated segment of the black population (poor, young men in particular) to make white America take notice of their plight, of their deep frustration, and of their determination to do something, anything, about their situation. The looting that took place during these uprisings reflected these sentiments, as those who perpetually did without seized the opportunity to cast aside normative expectations of black − continued

history.osu.edu page 41

consumers – that they pay more for less, to acquire necessities they always struggled to afford and luxuries they never could. For many, it was the closest they would ever come to reparations.

The spirit of rebellion coursing through the veins of Black America was not confined to city streets. African American students on college campuses exhibited the same spirit.

Three weeks after Dr. King’s death, they took over several buildings at Columbia University. The occupation was the culmination of an effort to get the university to stop treating Harlem residents, many of whom lived in rundown apartments owned by the school, as second-class citizens. The takeover ended a week after it began when administrators allowed the NYPD to storm the campus to arrest and forcibly remove the students.

In the fall of 1968, when the new school year began, black students at San Francisco State College picked up where their counterparts at Columbia had left off. Their concerns were the same. They were disturbed by the dismissive treatment of black students on campus and the discriminatory treatment of black people in the community. Their demands were similar, too. They wanted the nation’s first Black Studies department, which had been established at S.F. State earlier that year, strengthened and expanded. Their activism pushed S.F. State to the forefront of the burgeoning Black Studies movement.

Black students at historically black colleges and universities showed the same spirit of rebellion. In February, students at South Carolina State University in Orangeburg, South Carolina demonstrated against page 42 THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY

discriminatory treatment at local businesses. South Carolina Highway Patrol officers responded by killing three students and wounding twenty-seven more. And in March, students at Howard University in Washington, D.C. ushered in the era of campus takeovers when they occupied the school’s main administration building, demanding, among other things, a “black-orientated” curriculum.

The rebellious fervor that African Americans displayed in 1968 reflected a new sense of urgency. Tired of being told to be patient, that change takes time, they wanted an immediate end to all forms of racial discrimnation and an immediate

beginning to efforts to bring about equality of opportunity and outcome. Less than two years earlier, Stokely Carmichael, the chairperson of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), had called for Black Power, naming this new perspective. And since that time, African Americans had fully embraced the slogan.

Indeed, cries of Black Power could be heard in the streets after Dr. King’s death and on college campuses during student occupations.

At the same time, the Black Power ferment gave rise to a new political sensibility, which found expression in direct challenges to the established political order.

Pressure on Congress to enact equal housing legislation finally bore fruit in the form of the Fair Housing Act of 1968. At the Democratic National Convention, which was held in Chicago that year, African Americans were among the thousands of demonstrators protesting the Vietnam War and demanding that the Democratic Party do more to end racial discrimination. And with the world watching, U.S. Olympians Tommie Smith and John Carlos, who, after finishing first and third in the 200-meter sprint at the Mexico City games, stood shoeless on the medal stand to remind everyone of the extreme poverty plaguing the black community and raised blackgloved fists in the Black Power salute as a show of racial solidarity. The photo of their statuesque silent protest remains one of the most iconic images

PHOTO THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY ARCHIVES

MAKING HISTORY

of 1968.

PHOTO THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY ARCHIVES

Black Power also brought about a new cultural sensibility marked by pride in Blackness and a widespread embrace of African heritage. Everything Black was beautiful, from Black hair to Black vernacular. Soul singer James Brown, who embraced the Black Power ethos and aesthetic, provided the anthem for the year, and for the entire Black Power era, when he released “Say It Loud – I’m Black and I’m Proud” late that summer.

Black America was not the same after 1968. The turbulent events of that year marked an abrupt transition from the Jim Crow era to the modern moment. For better and worse, 1968 forever changed black politics, black economics, and even black culture in ways that black people and the nation are still coming to terms with. ■ Ohio State students hold a Black Power Meeting in March 1968.

Students gather for a memorial service for Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., who was assassinated on April 4, 1968 in Memphis. Classes were cancelled on April 9 out of respect for the funeral of the slain civil rights leader.

history.osu.edu page 43

AUGUST 1968: THE PATCH

By Daniel Rivers ON A HOT LOS ANGELES NIGHT, the evening of August 17, 1968, undercover officers arrested two men for “lewd conduct” in The Patch, a gay bar on the Pacific Coast Highway south of Los Angeles. The raid was routine in its brutality. Law enforcement in southern California had long made a practice of using local “lewd vagrancy” laws to periodically harass and round up LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) patrons in bars that served them. The Los Angeles Police had told Lee Glaze, the owner of the bar and a gay man himself, to prevent same-sex dancing and drag performances in his establishment and to make sure only one man at a time used the bathroom if he wanted to stay in business. Glaze had attempted to comply by preventing same-sex couples from dancing together, but it had hurt his business and offended his sense of justice to do so, and by the mid-August raid, he had returned to allowing same-sex dancing in the bar. In an attempt to protect his patrons, he had taken to shouting “God Save the Queen” whenever he spotted LA vice squad members casing the bar.

When the police burst in to his bar on August 17th and began harassing patrons, Lee Glaze jumped up on the stage and shouted “It’s not against the law to be homosexual, and it’s not a crime to be in a gay bar!” A new impatience with the unjust treatment of LGBT individuals was coming to the surface in the streets of America, brought on by a complex mix of cultural and political forces. At its core was an emerging defiance toward repression that had been developing for years in various LGBT communities across the country. In 1965, lesbian and gay activists began annual pickets of Independence Hall in Philadelphia to protest unjust treatment by the federal government and the military.

The next year a spontaneous protest of police brutality by street queens at an all-night cafeteria in San Francisco led to a riot. By 1968, however, these trends had intensified, driven by the general atmosphere of militancy among social justice activists; just over a week after the Patch raid, anti-war protesters would clash with police in the streets of Chicago at the Democratic National Convention.

Lee Glaze arms himself with flowers as he bails out those jailed as a result of The Patch raid.

Police officers interview Patch patrons.

“Nearly a full year before the famous Stonewall Riots in Greenwich Village, the roots of gay liberation were already visible in Los Angeles in the summer of 1968.”

As the police drove away with the two men they had arrested, Lee Glaze took action. He and a group of people from the bar went to a flower shop owned by one of the other bar patrons. There they loaded up their arms with all sorts of flowers and went to the Harbor police station to bail the two men out. At three in the morning, they arrived at the police station where the officers had taken the men, declared that they “were there for their sisters,” and staged a campy impromptu protest as they waited to give the flowers to the men, who were released as the sun rose.

Lee Glaze’s resistance in the face of police harassment had immediate consequences. Troy Perry, the Pentecostal minister who founded the Metropolitan Community Church (MCC), the largest LGBT church in the world, was there the night of the Patch Raid. Perry founded MCC later that same year and would always remember that it was Glaze’s example that inspired him to do so. Nearly a full year before the famous Stonewall Riots in Greenwich Village, the roots of gay liberation were already visible in Los Angeles in the summer of 1968. ■

MAKING HISTORY

BEYOND VIETNAM: NEW LEFT CHALLENGES TO AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY AND THEIR LEGACIES ts for a Dem Studen ocr

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1968 WAS THE YEAR of student protest. From Columbus to Austin, Berkeley to Boston, young people were expressing their frustrations with an unequal society, an unending Cold War, and the government and social institutions that refused to address these issues. Perhaps no student rebellion demanded more attention than the one at Columbia University. The occupation of the academic offices in Low Library in the country’s media capital focused nationwide attention on the students’ condemnation of the Vietnam War and the university’s encroachment into predominantly black Harlem. Yet beyond these major narratives, the student occupation had broader ambitions. Among these was the desire to transform an international system long dedicated to the needs of the United States and Europe. “There’s one oppressor – in the White House, in [Columbia’s] Low Library, in Albany, New York,” one militant claimed, “You strike a

Politics & Protest Ba dg The e Co lle ct io

by R. Joseph Parrott

blow at Low Library, you strike a blow for Freedom Fighters in Angola, Mozambique, Portuguese Guinea, Zimbabwe, South Africa.”

This idea of a singular, transnational revolution captures an oft forgotten element of protest in the 1960s. Most Americans remember the era as one of dropping out and turning inward caused by internal conflict, domestic race issues, and a reaction to Vietnam. But the ambitious New Left sought to do more. Many New Left activists – white and black, militant and pacifist, and all spaces in between – saw their protests against American foreign policy as a step toward achieving a more just and egalitarian international system no longer dominated by Europeans and their descendants. As a result, they criticized not only the militarism on display in Vietnam and racial inequalities within the United States. − continued history.osu.edu page 45

PHOTO ALAN EPSTEIN. COURTESY OF UNIVERSITY ARCHIVES, RARE BOOK & MANUSCRIPT LIBRARY, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK.

They also took aim at traditions of formal colonialism, racial segregation, and economic exploitation still active in countries like South Africa and Mozambique.

Indeed, an unease with their first world status had long been central to the founders of the New Left and the students who roiled campuses across the country in 1968. Many of these young Americans had grown up in a luxury few of their ancestors could have imagined. Their parents had weathered the Great Depression and fought Hitler and Hirohito in World War II. Their Baby Boomer childhoods were different – an ideal of Donna Reed and white picket fences. Birthday party messes were tidied up with laundry machines and dishwashers. Advertising men in New York and Chicago shaped the value of the increasingly expendable objects that defined their home. But the rise of television and a new global mindset encouraged by the Cold War page 46 THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY

made the far different daily realities in Asia, Africa, Latin America, or even Mississippi increasingly apparent.

Confronted with lives that felt contrived in light of both domestic and global disparities, a minority of young people – mostly college students – began searching for ways to invest their actions with greater meaning. They sought an authentic purpose not fed to them by a Cold War, materialistic society. Civil rights and domestic reform became prominent arenas for action, but so too did international affairs.

“While two-thirds of mankind suffers undernourishment, our own upper classes revel amidst superfluous abundance,” the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) argued in their founding document. Fueled by the vigor of youth, these young people outlined an ideology they hoped could reform relations between man and man, country and country.

MAKING HISTORY

Students march up Amsterdam Avenue from Columbia University to City College, New York, New York.

The goal was to move from values defined by possession, privilege, and animosity to new ones that recognized the inherent humanity, uniqueness, and capacity of self-direction of each individual and culture. For these young people, the old left – concerned with control of capital and labor – had acquiesced to racial discrimination and the reduction of individuals to corporate numbers. As SDS explained, a new movement was needed to champion global equality and self-determination “through genuine cooperation, locally, nationally, and internationally, between a new left of young people and an awakening community of allies.”

Given these values, it was not surprising that the New Left would find international allies in the African and Asian nations that made up the Third World. Beginning in the 1940s, European nations like Britain, France, and Belgium had gradually – often reluctantly – transferred power to

nationalists, who had rejected the centuries-old traditions of colonialism. By 1968, only a handful of Third World states remained under European domination. Most were in southern Africa, the location of Portuguese colonies Angola and Mozambique and the segregationist states of South Africa and Rhodesia. As nationalists launched armed revolutions against these last vestiges of empire, they looked abroad for assistance. Leaders like the Oberlin-educated Mozambican Eduardo Mondlane and the African Nationalist Congress’ (ANC) Oliver Tambo hoped Americans might challenge the U.S. military aid and economic investment that helped maintain white rule in the region.

Nationalist appeals were slow to earn support in the United States, but the burgeoning New Left proved fertile soil for a growing commitment. A handful of internationally minded young people first encountered Third World − continued history.osu.edu page 47

nationalist ideas when they followed John Kennedy’s call to support peace and development by traveling overseas.

Peace Corps enrollees and volunteers with liberal protestant organizations like the Frontier Internship Mission went abroad to assist development and promote cultural exchange. Many were shocked by what they found: well-intentioned economic programs that failed to address local needs, evidence of American militarism in Vietnam and Latin America, and official support for repressive regimes in Rhodesia, South Africa, and the Portuguese colonies.

The dissonance between these realities and their American values of freedom and democracy led them to embrace the nationalist messages of leaders like Mondlane and Tambo.

As they returned home, these disillusioned volunteers joined the New Left and pushed for a revision of American foreign affairs even before Vietnam took center stage.

Activists such as SDS leader Todd Gitlin believed anti-apartheid activism provided a compelling forum for advancing the New Left’s critique of amoral business practices and reactionary Cold War alliances. Before American troops landed in Danang, Gitlin even predicted the group’s sit-in opposing Chase Manhattan Bank’s loan to South Africa would be the major action of 1965.

When Vietnam monopolized the attention of major New Left groups like SDS, organizations formed to maintain the link between anti-war activism and a broader anti-imperial critique of American foreign policy. The Committee of Returned Volunteers (CRV) was one such group. Formed

by Peace Corps alumni and others involved with groups such as the Frontier Internship Mission, the CRV became one of many New Left groups opposed to Vietnam. Yet because most of its members had spent time in Africa or Latin America rather than southeast Asia, the CRV adopted wider goals. It challenged an American government that backed “the status quo of wealth and privilege for the few and poverty and ignorance for the many” around the globe.

Individuals who had worked with Mondlane around issues affecting Mozambique quickly rose to prominence within the page 48 THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY

PHOTO BY ROB C. CROES/ANEFO

“Recovering the linkages between anti-Vietnam agitation and this broad anti-imperial critique of American foreign policy is key to understanding the legacies of 1960s activism. Few movements since have matched the size or scope of 1968...”

Oliver Tambo, President of the African National Congresss (ANC), in September 1983. organization. By 1968, the CRV focused equally on southern Africa alongside southeast Asia. Predicting that American commitments to allies in the region might one day make southern Africa “another Vietnam,” the CRV and similar groups in Chicago, Boston and the Bay Area used writing campaigns, informational sessions, demonstrations and publications to keep broader anti-imperial concerns linked with more popular anti-war organizing.

As American troops started returning home from southeast Asia in the early 1970s, this broad anti-imperialism helped refocus popular attention to these secondary causes. Widespread opposition to the Vietnam War and the subsequent expansion of the New Left had weakened the anti-communist consensus at home. This made support for socialist liberation movements like the ones led by Mondlane and the ANC less controversial. Members of the CRV and similar groups founded new organizations with the goal of building public support through education and activism.

In Chicago, three CRV alumni founded the Chicago Committee for the Liberation of Angola, Mozambique and Guinea (CCLAMG). They were part of a loose alliance that sought to shift anti-imperial sentiment from Vietnam to American complicity with southern African regimes and an increasing number of Latin American strongmen. This organizing

MAKING HISTORY

preserved some of the spirit and the tactics of the 1960s.

CCLAMG conducted teach-ins on the revolutions in southern Africa and helped mobilize a march through the city in 1975 when independence in Mozambique and Angola elicited a covert American intervention on the side of South Africa. A year later, CCLAMG once again shifted focus, becoming Chicago’s first dedicated anti-apartheid group.

Recovering the linkages between anti-Vietnam agitation and this broad anti-imperial critique of American foreign policy is key to understanding the legacies of 1960s activism. Few movements since have matched the size or scope of 1968 and the era’s many anti-war marches, but groups like the CRV and CCLAMG effectively refocused the spirit, tactics, and personnel of the New Left toward other causes. Many of these – including anti-apartheid and opposition to American intervention in Latin America – had been concerns of the New Left since its foundation, but they would become national issues in the 1970s and 1980s. In this way, the occupation of Columbia and protests at dozens of other universities in 1968 were linked with the mock shanty-towns and teach-ins that typified the anti-apartheid movement in 1986. In both, students sought a more just world where all people had the right to determine their futures, and they began by challenging the foreign and domestic policies of their communities, universities, and nation. ■

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APRIL IN PARIS, 1968

By Geoffrey Parker I FIRST STOOD BENEATH the barrel of a tank in April 1958, at the age of 14, when I visited Paris with a group of students from my high school in Nottingham, England, to learn more about French history. We stayed in the dormitory of a suburban boarding school because our teachers feared the capital might be restless, but nothing prepared us for the sight of tanks deployed around the National Assembly (equivalent of the Capitol in Washington, D. C.) The government of the day feared a coup by parachutists from the French army in Algeria, then in the grip of a savage of civil war – a war that was costing France (according to posters affixed to every telegraph pole in France) “one million francs a day.” New governments created to bring order out of chaos fell within months, weeks, even days.

Two weeks after I returned to England, a group of generals led by Jacques Massu seized power in Algeria and issued an ultimatum that unless the metropolitan government entrusted executive power to General Charles de Gaulle, described by some as the “most illustrious living Frenchman” because of his eminent role in World War II, they would seize power themselves. Hours before the ultimatum expired, de Gaulle formed a government with a mandate to draft a new constitution that concentrated executive power in the hands of a president (himself), to be approved by a referendum. Until then, he would rule by executive orders. The referendum approved de Gaulle’s new political system, which brought stability to politics. It remains the constitution of France today. − continued on page 52

“Two weeks after I returned to England, Paris exploded in violence.”

Eiffel Tower, July 31, 1968.

PHOTO ROGER WOLLSTADT

Fast forward ten years: in April 1968 I returned to Paris, this time as a graduate student seeking manuscript material to complete my thesis. I drove a yellow delivery van, which I parked on a camping site in the Bois de Boulogne, sleeping in the back to save money. Each day I walked to and from the nearby metro station at Pont de Neuilly, then the terminus of one of the “Michelin Lines” (so-called because all trains were equipped with rubber tires and ran on tracks, rather than steel wheels running on steel rails), to travel to the manuscript room at the National Library on the rue de Richelieu. On arrival, I learned that I was lucky: trains on the Michelin lines still ran but the rest of the metro system was paralyzed by strikes. Later I was distracted from my documents by the sound of crowds marching down the rue de Richelieu chanting slogans in support of the Vietcong. I glanced at my fellow readers – one of them Dale van Kley (a coincidence he and I only discovered after we became colleagues at Ohio State more than 30 years later) – but nobody seemed concerned by the marchers; and indeed, by the time the library closed everything was peaceful again. The metros on the “Michelin Line” were still running and I slept soundly in the back of my yellow delivery van.

The following days also passed uneventfully. Although the sound of distant demonstrations sometimes reached the reading room, we saw no tanks in the streets; Algeria had won its independence and de Gaulle had won a second seven-year term as president. On some evenings, after the libraries and archives closed, I walked on the cobble-stones of the Latin Quarter and admired the tranquility of the Sorbonne.

Two weeks after I returned to England, Paris exploded in violence. It began when students at the University of Paris-Nanterre protested against perceived class discrimination in admissions, social and sexual repression (segregated dormitories; strict parental-style control, especially of females) and poor job opportunities for graduates. The administration reacted by shutting down the campus.

Students at the Paris-Sorbonne campus promptly staged protests in support, provoking the administration to call in the police to clear the campus. This in turn led to riots in which the cobblestones of the Latin Quarter quickly became both barricades and weapons.

The university students won support from faculty, high school students, politicians and activists from a wide spectrum, and factory workers. On 13 May 1968, during a General Strike, at least a million demonstrators marched through the streets of Paris, and in the next two weeks workers occupied their factories and started to work for page 52 THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY

themselves while students occupied their campuses and arranged free seminars. “Be realistic: demand the impossible!” became one of the many catchy slogans.

One of those demands was the resignation of de Gaulle and on 29 May, fearing that the demonstrators would storm the presidential palace, the general panicked and fled the capital aboard a helicopter that flew at tree-top level to the headquarters of the French Army of the Rhine, 300 miles to the east. The army’s senior officer, waiting on the tarmac, gave the president a smart salute. “Eh bien, Massu,”de Gaulle exclaimed, “toujours con [still a jerk]?” “Oui, mon Général,” General Jacques Massu replied with a thin smile, “et toujours Gaulliste [and still a Gaullist].” He made clear that his troops remained loyal and would provide military support if necessary. With his self-confidence restored and a game plan, de Gaulle returned to Paris.

The next day, as 400,000 protestors chanting “Farewell, de Gaulle” marched through the streets of Paris, the general made a combative broadcast in which he refused to resign.

He then dissolved the National Assembly, called for new elections and ordered the workers to return to their normal jobs. He also made clear that he could and would use force to restore order if necessary. Immediately after the broadcast, a crowd of almost a million Gaullists marched down the Champs-Élysées, while tanks moved into the suburbs. De Gaulle had found his government in disarray when he returned to Paris, with ministers and officials demoralized, dispersed and ineffective, and he now strove to restore their morale. He summoned reinforcements.

Fernand Braudel, head of the History Section of the School of Advanced Studies but teaching at the University of Chicago in Spring 1968, received a peremptory presidential summons to return to Paris: he abandoned his American students and boarded the next flight home.

In June, de Gaulle’s supporters triumphed in elections for the National Assembly, and the following month the police easily suppressed a new wave of student demonstrations in the Latin Quarter, brutalizing tourists as well as students.

Peace returned to the streets and the factories; the dreams of students and workers for an alternative France died.

These successes made de Gaulle overconfident. In April 1969 he scheduled a referendum on constitutional changes that would further increase the power of the president, and issued an ultimatum that if they did not receive approval he would resign. It proved a fatal miscalculation, because it turned the referendum into a vote about de Gaulle. He lost, and resigned the following day.

A student taunts police during the Paris uprising, May 1968.

PHOTO MANUEL BIDERMANAS / AKG-IMAGES

The aftermath of my two visits to Paris in April offers some useful historical lessons. May 1958 saw a rapid transition from apparent chaos, with tanks on the streets, to lasting stability; May 1968 saw an equally rapid transition from apparent stability to widespread chaos, with tanks in the suburbs, and then back to stability. Very few anticipated these epic changes. A rapid sequence of apparently minor events combined with the unpredictable behavior of key individuals produced a tipping-point with consequences that affected the lives of millions and the destiny of states – but the tipping-point only became apparent in retrospect. I was not the only person who spent April in Paris and utterly failed to foresee what would happen two weeks later.

Harold Wilson, Britain’s Prime Minister in 1968, once observed that “A week is a long time in politics;” and as the French found, two weeks in politics can seem like an eternity – especially if the government has tanks and you do not. ■

PHOTO MANUEL BIDERMANAS / AKG-IMAGES

Students use cobblestones to erect barricades in the Latin Quarter, Paris, May 1968.

history.osu.edu page 53

in memoriam

G. Micheal Riley 1934-2017

G. MICHEAL RILEY died peacefully in his home in Delaware, Ohio, Sunday, August 6, 2017. Dr. Riley came to The Ohio State University in 1983 as the Dean of the College of Humanities, a position he held for ten years. Dean Riley remained at Ohio State as a Professor in the Department of History, specializing in Mexico and Latin America, until his retirement in 2002.

He held a Bachelor’s degree from Arizona State University and received his Master’s and PhD degrees from the University of New Mexico. He spent his early career teaching history at Colorado State University and Marquette University.

In 1972, Dean Riley joined the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee in both scholarly and administrative roles, first as an associate professor and Director of the Center for Latin America, and later as the Acting Chairman for the Department of Linguistics.

As an historian, Dean Riley is known for his monograph Fernando Cortés and the Marquesado in Morelos, 1522-1547, an examination of Cortés’s vast holdings in central and southern Mexico, which were key to colonial Mexico’s development in the aftermath of the Spanish conquest. ■ page 54 THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY

MAKING HISTORY

PhDs 2016 - 2017 AUTUMN 2016

SUMMER 2017

Cary Barber, “The lost generation of the Roman Republic,” Nathan Rosenstein, advisor

John Knight, “Our Nation’s Future? Chinese Imaginations of the Soviet Union, 1917-1956,” Christopher Reed, advisor

Ali Siddiqui, “The Naqshbndiyya after Khwaja Ahrãr: Networks of Trade in Central and South Asia,” Scott Levi, advisor

Keshia Lai, “Mormans in the Lion City: Grassroots Diplomacy on Race, Gender and Family, 1968-1995,” Paula Baker, advisor

Sarah Siff, “Tough on Dope: Crime and Politics in California’s Drug Wars, 1946-1963,” David Stebenne, advisor

Timothy Leech, “The Continental Army and American State Formation: 1774-1776,” John Brooke, advisor

SPRING 2017 Amanda Bundy, “There Was a Man of UNRRA: Internationalism, Humanitarianism, and the Early Cold War, 1943-1947,” Jennifer Siegel, advisor Zachery Fry, “Lincoln’s Divided Legion: Loyalty and the Political Culture of the Army of the Potomac, 1861-1865,” Mark Grimsley, advisor Aaron George, “When Cowboys Come Home: Re-Imaging Manhood in Post-World War II America,” David Steigerwald, advisor Elizabeth Perego, “Lauging in the Face of Death: Humor during the Algerian Civil War, 1991-2002,” Ousman Kobo, advisor Jonathan Romaneski, “Importing Napoleon: Engineering the American Military Nation, 1814-1821,” Mark Grimsley, advisor Lisa Susner, “To Think for Themselves: Teaching Faith and Reason in Nineteenth-Century America,” John Brooke, advisor

Ryan McMahon, “Unfinished, Unloved, UNKRA: The Formation, Life, and Financial Enervation of the United Nations Korean Reconstruction Agency (1950-1954), Mitchell Lerner, advisor Andrew Skabelund, “The Grain of Sand that Moved the Sea: The Habitants of the Senegambia and France, 1700-1779,” James Genova, advisor Samuel Sutherland, “Mancipia Dei: Slavery, Servitude, and the Church in Bavaria, 975-1225,” Alison Beach, advisor AUTUMN 2017 James Harris, “Body Politics: A History of Public Health and Politics in Britain, 1885-1922,” Christopher Otter, advisor Shannon Li, “Irimbert of Admont and His Scriptural Commentaries: Exegeting Salvation History in the Twelfth Century,” Alison Beach, advisor Danielle Anthony, “Intimate Invasion: Andeans and Europeans in 16th-Century Peru,” Stephanie Smith, advisor

Peter Vanderpuy, “Vis Ingens Aeris Alienis: Agriculture and Debt in the Early Roman Republic, c. 450-287 BC,” Nathan Rosenstein, advisor

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Undergraduate Awards & Phi Alpha Theta Initiation

Just a few of the forty-five students who were initiated into Ohio State’s Phi Alpha Theta Zeta Chapter in April 2017.

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RISTOTLE ONCE said, “Dignity does not consist in possessing honors, but in deserving them.” On April 24, 2017, the Department of History brought together a talented group of undergraduates, all of whom have demonstrated through outstanding scholarship that they truly deserved to be honored, for our annual Undergraduate Awards Reception and Phi Alpha Theta Initiation Ceremony.

Department Chair Nathan Rosenstein, along with Undergraduate Teaching Committee Chair Christopher Otter, Honors Coordinator Susan Lawrence, World War II Study Abroad Program Director David Steigerwald and Phi Alpha Theta Zeta Chapter Advisor Raymond Irwin awarded more than fifty undergraduate scholarships and research grants to our students. Forty-five students were initiated into Ohio State’s chapter (Zeta Chapter) of the national history honor society, Phi Alpha Theta.

After student awards were presented, 2016-2017 Phi Alpha Theta President Justin Faulhaber awarded the Phi Alpha Theta Zeta Chapter Clio Award for Distinguished Teaching in History to Professors J. Albert Harrill and David

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Hoffmann. The Graduate Teaching Associate Award was given to Samuel Sutherland at the Graduate Student Awards Ceremony on April 26.

We were particularly honored to welcome two of our World War II Study Abroad Scholarship sponsors ― Mrs. Lore Guilmartin and Ms. Julie Scheiner ― to the awards luncheon at the Ohio Union’s Cartoon Room. Thank you to all of the donors who generously support our undergraduates. ■

MAKING HISTORY

Tyler Webb with Mrs. Lore Guilmartin as Webb accepts the John F. Guilmartin, Jr. World War II Study Abroad Scholarship.

Michele Magoteaux and Tyler Webb, recipients of the Scheiner WWII Study Abroad Scholarship, with Ms. Julie Scheiner, sponsor.

2016-2017 Phi Alpha Theta officers Jimmy Longo, public affairs liaison; Justin Faulhaber, president; Michelle Sdao; vice president; Anna Crist, social chair; Alexa Schaad, treasurer; and John Hooton, secretary.

Professors David Hoffmann and J. Albert Harrill, recipients of the Phi Alpha Theta Zeta Chapter Clio Award for Distinguished Teaching in History.

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faculty books Alison Beach The Trauma of Monastic Reform: Community and Conflict in Twelfth-Century Germany (Cambridge University Press, 2017) Drawing on a variety of sources from the south German monastery of Petershausen, the book goes beyond reading monastic narratives of reform as retrospective expressions of support for the deeds and ideals of a past generation of reformers to explore the real human impact that the process could have, both on the individuals who comprised the target community and on those who lived for generations in its aftermath.

Phil Brown Science, Technology, and Medicine in the Modern Japanese Empire (Routledge, 2016) This book explores the ways in which scientists, engineers and physicians worked directly and indirectly to support the creation of a new Japanese empire, focusing on the eve of World War I and linking their efforts to later post-war developments.

Bruno Cabanes The Great War and the American Experience (Les AmĂŠricains dans la Grande Guerre) (Editions Gallimard, 2017) Relying on French and American photographic archives, most of which have never before been page 58 THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY

published, this book examines the fundamental shift to a new form of total war, as experienced by both American soldiers and civilians.

Fink explores her field’s historiography as well as the international problems of refugees and of minorities; West German-Israeli relations; and the Cold War and the Middle East.

Stephen Dale The Orange Trees of Marrakesh: Ibn Khaldun and the Science of Man (Harvard University Press, 2015) A look at historical scholar Ibn Khaldun (13321406), a cultured urban intellectual and professional religious judge who demanded his fellow Muslim historians abandon their worthless tradition of narrative historiography and instead base their works on a philosophically informed understanding of social organizations.

Theodora Dragostinova Beyond Mosque, Church and State: Alternative Narratives of the Nation in the Balkans (Central European University Press, 2016) By exploring the development of religious, linguistic, and national dynamics in a variety of case studies throughout the Balkans, this volume demonstrates the existence of alternatives and challenges to nationalism in the area.

Carole Fink Writing 20th Century International History: Explorations and Examples (Wallstein Verlag, 2017) In these five original essays,

Barbara Hanawalt Ceremony and Civility: Civic Culture in Late Medieval London (Oxford University Press, 2017)

Michael Hogan The Afterlife of John Fitzgerald Kennedy: A Biography (Cambridge University Press, 2017) The book considers how Kennedy and his wife constructed a popular image of himself, in effect, as a brand, as he played the part of president on the White House stage.

Thomas Ingersoll The Loyalist Problem in Revolutionary New England (Cambridge University Press, 2016) Ingersoll shows that the rebels never sought to drive the dissenters out of the new United States, and accorded them a remarkable degree of liberal toleration, with the great majority of Loyalists ultimately becoming citizens of the new states.

faculty books Stephen Kern Modernism After the Death of God: Christianity, Fragmentation, and Unification (Routledge, 2017) An exploration of how Nietzsche, Joyce, Freud, Lawrence, Gide, Heidegger and Woolf replaced the unified religious world view of Christianity with unifying works in their respective areas.

Scott Levi The Rise and Fall of Khoqand, 1709-1876: Central Asia in the Global Age (Pittsburgh University Press, 2017) This book analyzes how Central Asians actively engaged with the rapidly globalizing world of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

In presenting the first English-language history of the Khanate of Khoqand (1709–1876), Levi examines the rise of that extraordinarily dynamic state in the Ferghana Valley.

Peter Mansoor and Williamson Murray Grand Strategy and Military Alliances (Cambridge University Press, 2016) An examination of the problems inherent in alliance politics and relationships in the framework of grand strategy through the lens of history. Aimed at not just the military aspects of alliances, the book uncovers the myriad factors that have made such

coalitions succeed or fail in the past.

Lucy Murphy Frenchtown Chronicles of Prairie du Chien: History and Folklore from Wisconsin’s Frontier (Wisconsin Historical Society Press, 2016) Editors Mary Elise Antione and Lucy Eldersveld Murphy add sharp historical context to this rare collection of stories by colorful chronicler Albert Coryer, the grandson of a fur trade voyageur-turned-farmer who collected history and folklore in the late 1800s and early 1900s in Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin.

Kristina Sessa A Companion to Ostrogothic Italy (Brill, 2016) A Companion to Ostrogothic Italy is a concise yet comprehensive cutting edge survey of the rise and fall of Italy’s first barbarian kingdom, the Ostrogothic state (ca. 489-554 CE).

Gleb Tsipursky Socialist Fun (University of Pittsburgh Press, 2016) In this study, Gleb Tsipursky challenges the stereotype that Soviet Cold War cultural activities and youth groups were drab and dreary, militant and politicized, by providing a fresh and original examination of the Kremlin’s paramount effort to shape young lives and build an emotional community.

Sam White A Cold Welcome: The Little Ice Age and Europe’s Encounter with North America (Harvard University Press, 2017) Weaving together evidence from climatology, archaeology, and the written historical record, Sam White tells the story of a crucial period in world history – from Europe’s earliest expeditions in an unfamiliar landscape to the perilous first winters at Santa Fe, Quebec and Jamestown.

Stephanie Smith The Power and Politics of Art in Postrevolutionary Mexico (University of North Carolina Press, 2017) Stephanie J. Smith brings Mexican politics and art together, chronicling the turbulent relations between radical artists and the postrevolutionary Mexican state.

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2017 Fall Undergraduate Research Forum

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AST FALL eight undergraduate history students participated in the Fall Research Forum held on September 14, 2017 in Thompson Library. The Forum consisted of three poster sessions, sponsored by the Office of Undergraduate Research & Creative Inquiry (OUR&CI) and the University Libraries. “The Fall Forum and its larger springtime complement, the Denman Research Forum, are generally dominated by students from the sciences,” Professor Dodie McDow said. “This year, eight students (out of 294 presenters) were mentored by professors from our department.” Many of the presenters took part in McDow’s study abroad course (HIST 3798.05, HIV in Context: Tanzania), and completed their independent

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research projects outside of class while they were in-country. The OUR&CI helped fund them.

Two students, Carley Reinhard (Professor Stephanie Shaw, advisor) and George Andrei (Professor Nicholas Breyfogle, advisor), were funded by Global Mobility Research and Mentoring Grants. “I was honored when Carley asked me to work with her and it has been my pleasure,” Professor Stephanie Shaw said. “I am especially excited that she decided to develop the Global Mobility project research and writing into an undergraduate thesis. The work she is doing led me to think harder about my own research.” ■

MAKING HISTORY

Projects presented at the Forum: George Andrei, “Nationality Before Nationalism: Ethnic Politics, Geopolitics and the Sustainability of the Magyar Kingdom in the East (1191-1400),” Nicholas Breyfogle, advisor Natalie Brooks, “The Impact of HIV Test Counselors in Iringa, Tanzania,” Thomas McDow, advisor Alexandria Carter, “Understanding the Perspective of Tanzanian University Students on Health Insurance,” Thomas McDow, advisor Gabriella Leccese, “How Did the Attitudes Towards Contraception from the Catholic Church Impact the HIV Epidemic in Iringa, Tanzania?” Thomas McDow, advisor Amber Moore, “Mental Illness in Tanzania: Understanding Stigma Through Media,” Thomas McDow, advisor Nanditha Ravichandran, “The Perspective of Tanzanian Medical Practitioners on Their Positions in Global Health,” Thomas McDow, advisor Carley Reinhard, “Examining African American Slave Migrations Through Folklore in the W.P.A. Ex-Slave Narratives,” Stephanie Shaw, advisor Tyler Webb, “The Battling Buckeyes of the 37th Infantry Division,” Peter Mansoor, advisor Professor Stephanie Shaw with Carley Reinhard.

Natalie Brooks discusses her poster with Professor Dodie McDow. Professor Nicholas Breyfogle with George Andrei.

Gabriella Leccese and Professor McDow. Nanditha Ravichandran poses with her poster.

PHOTOS BY LAURA SEEGER

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DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY 106 Dulles Hall 230 Annie and John Glenn Ave. Columbus, OH 43210-1367 (614) 292-2674 05570-011000-61801 forwarding service requested