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It’s time to wipe the sand off your feet and hit the books once more.

Try our back to school primers to get your brain in gear.

Clouds require three things to form: 1: Water molecules 2: Cloud condensation nuclei (dust or air pollution) 3: Temperature or pressure changes

What you need:

Juice bottle with tight-fitting lid

News and events — visually

Bicycle pump with metal/plastic attachment for fil ing up balls

Poke/dril hole in bottle cap large enough for pump attachment to fit through. Place attachment in hole and seal with hot glue.

While glue cools, put a little bit of water inside the bottle and shake it around enough to leave water droplets all over. Pour out any remaining liquid.

Fireplace matches

Water

Hot glue gun

Normally, water molecules in the air bounce around. As warm air rises and cools down, clouds form. Cloud condensation nuclei enable water molecules to stick together and stop bouncing around.

Clouds are more likely to form when it’s cold

Water molecules absorb into the air

Connect pump to attachment in lid and begin pumping air into bottle. Stop when bottle begins to bulge.

PRESSURE RISES

Watoeprlets dr

Light a match, let it burn for a few seconds, blow it out, then quickly put match in bottle and take it back out again, leaving some smoke behind. Cap the bottle with your (relatively) cooled lid.

Sources: sciencekids.co.nz; planet-science.com; Expert Village; sciencenorth.ca

Bottle bulges

1. What is the first element on the periodic table?

TEMPERATURE RISES

2. What is the centre of an atom called?

3. Acids have a pH level below 7: True or false?

Remove lid (there should be a loud pop) and you'l have a cloud!

Smoke

Smoke particles act as cloud condensation nuclei, allowing water molecules to condense and stick together around smoke.

Pop Quiz: Chemistry

4. What is the main gas found in the air?

Cloud!

PRESSURE DROPS TEMPERATURE DROPS SUSAN BATSFORD, GRAPHICS EDITOR, TWITTER @SBATS1; INFOGRAPHIC BY MEGAN DINNER/QMI AGENCY

5. What is the chemical symbol for gold?

6. At room temperature, what is the only metal that is in liquid form?

7. K is the chemical symbol for which element?

Answers: 1. Hydrogen; 2.

Nucleus; 3. True; 4. Nitrogen; 5. Au; 6. Mercury; 7. Potassium

to Back ol scho

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It’s time to wipe the sand off your feet and hit the books once more. Take a look at our geography primer to get your brain in gear.

Pop Quiz: Canadian Geography

ic” comes from the 1. The name “Arct ,” which is what rk Greek word “a tos animal? ernmost island in 2. What is the north Canada? tain peak in Canada 3. The highest moun Columbia: True or is found in British false? ernto the world’s north 4. Canada is home it? is t ha most settlement. W of the largest lake 5. What is the name da? na Ca entirely within False Ellesmere Island; 3.

Answers: 1. Bear; 2. rt in n Forces Station Ale (Yukon); 4. Canadia Bear Lake Nunavut; 5. Great Sources: Wikipedia; United Nations Statistics Division; Canadian Geographic; learningplanet.com

SUSAN BATSFORD, GRAPHICS EDITOR, TWITTER @SBATS1; INFOGRAPHIC BY MEGAN DINNER/QMI AGENCY

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It’s time to wipe the sand off your feet and hit the books once more. Read through our health primer to get your brain in gear.

Cool facts about our internal organs

LUNGS

Your left one is smaller than your right one to make room for your heart.

DIAPHRAGM

This thin, dome-shaped muscle helps you breathe. When it gets irritated, it forces air out of your lungs, causing you to hiccup.

LIVER

Heaviest internal organ, weighing an average of 1.6 kg — 96% is water.

GALL BLADDER

Produces bile to help the small intestine digest fat.

SMALL INTESTINE

Average length in an adult man is 6.9 m and 7.1 m in women.

APPENDIX

Recent studies suggest this organ could actually be a “safehouse” for good bacteria until they are needed to repopulate the intestines after a bad case of diarrhea. Not so useless after all!

BRAIN

Uses 20% of the body’s oxygen, the most of any organ.

HEART

Pumps more than five litres of blood a minute. In a lifetime, it pumps enough blood to fill a football stadium.

STOMACH

The acid is strong enough to dissolve razor blades. Good thing the lining replaces itself every four days!

PANCREAS

Creates enzymes to help digest proteins, carbohydrates and fats as well as secretes insulin to regulate blood sugar.

KIDNEYS

Normally you have two. If one is missing from birth, the other can grow to reach a size similar to the combined weight of two.

LARGE INTESTINE

Takes about 16 hours to finish digesting food and is home to over 700 species of bacteria.

Skin is our largest organ, weighing an average 2 7 kg and covering 1 7m2

.

.

BLADDER

On average, holds 300– 600mL of urine. The average person passes 1.5– 2 L of urine in 24 hours.

Pop Quiz: Eating and Exercise 1. How many servings of fruit and vegetables should you eat each day? a) 15-20 b) 3-4 c) 6-10 d) 1-5 2. The body needs protein for: a) Strengthening bones b) Building/maintaining tissue 3. Vitamin A is good for: a) Bones b) Eyesight c) Immune system 4. How often should you do aerobic activities every week? a) Every day for 2 hours b) At least three days for 30 minutes at a time c) At least one day for one hour 5. The best meal right before a sports game would be: a) Spaghetti and meatballs b) Ice cream float c) Cheeseburger and fries d) Apple and a muffin Answers: 1. c); 2. b); 3. b); 4. b); 5. d) You want something high in ener gy righ t befo re play ing; spaghetti and meatballs would be best a few hours prior

Sources: reference4kids.com; oddstuffmagazine.com; Wikipedia; kidshealth.org; livescience.com; cairntechnology.com

An organ is a co lectionit of tissues joined in a un to serve a common function Two or more organs working together is cal ed an organ system (respiratory, digestive, muscular)

SUSAN BATSFORD, GRAPHICS EDITOR, TWITTER @SBATS1; INFOGRAPHIC BY MEGAN DINNER/QMI AGENCY

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It’s time to wipe the sand off your feet and hit the books once more. Glance at our art history primer to get your brain in gear.

Pop Quiz: Famous Artis ts

1. Michelangelo wa s actually supposed to become a: a) Merchant b) La wyer c) Carpenter

2. True or false: Bi polar disorder caus ed Van Gogh to slice off his own ear.

3. Is it Manet, Dega s or is famous for his Im Cezanne who pressionist dancer s?

4. Who painted “A merican Gothic”? a) Grant Wood b) Andy Warhol c) Stuart Davis d) Ben Shahn 5. Which left-hande d painter wrote all of his personal notes fro m right to left (you would have to use a mirror to read th em)?

Answers: 1. a); 2. b) False – it was ep ilepsy; 3. Degas; 4. a); 5.

Da Vinci Sources: wikipaintings.org; Wikipedia; artyfactory.com; howstuffworks.com; about.com

SUSAN BATSFORD, GRAPHICS EDITOR, TWITTER @SBATS1; INFOGRAPHIC BY MEGAN DINNER/QMI AGENCY

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Pop Quiz: and Festivals Religious Holidaysfestival of Hindu 1. During the s do what?

Diwali, Indian a) Fast ps les and oil lam b) Set out cand throughout the nt c) Remain sile day eir fast during 2. To break th t do Muslims Ramadan, wha t? ea ly traditional Chocolate b) t oo tr ee a) B Rice d) c) Dates uddhist holiday 3. Vesak, the B birth, life and e celebrating th a, is a time for death of Buddh what? a) Painting ptive animals b) Releasing ca c) Meditating poetry d) Composing 2. c); 3. b)

SUSAN BATSFORD, GRAPHICS EDITOR, TWITTER @SBATS1; INFOGRAPHIC BY MEGAN DINNER/QMI AGENCY

Answers: 1. b);

Sources: Wikipedia; britannica.com; National Geographic; CIA World Factbook