Annual Report 2008
In an economic climate in which businesses are “going back to basics” and retrenching, Oxfam America finds itself in a unique position. We’re optimistic.
Those of us in the relief and development business know that good times are often followed by bad, rainy seasons by drought, peace by war. It’s fair to say that we adapt readily in crises. These are difficult times, but we have a vision of what’s possible. During the past several years, we’ve been scaling up. We continue to invest in individual projects—drilling wells, planting mangroves—but increasingly we weigh the value of our efforts in terms of how they contribute to long-term systemic changes. On the following pages, we offer you the opportunity to look at a handful of our individual projects and the people behind them, because talking in the abstract about scale can’t capture what makes us optimistic in these troubled times. And that is? Potential—the potential of millions of poor men and women to overcome poverty and our own potential to foster sweeping change over the long haul.
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A letter from the president Dear friends, Over the past 12 months, we have hurtled from a food price crisis to a financial markets crisis to an economic crisis and now on to what is likely to be a serious unemployment crisis. I don’t know about you, but I have a hard time tuning into the news every day. Everywhere you turn, there is high drama and mounting uncertainty. With crises, however, come opportunities. Oxfam has always focused on the root causes of poverty—those systemic issues that can be difficult to identify and address. Confronted by multiple and interlocking crises, the public is pressuring decision makers to answer hard questions, to look deeply, and to take whatever steps are necessary to ensure that we will not soon face challenges of this magnitude again. In a sense, Oxfam has been preparing for this kind of opportunity for some time. Our historic work on agriculture, trade, economic security, and environmental protections has positioned us ideally to shape the current vital debates on food security, economic justice, and climate change. We are grateful that the new US administration appears to be moving quickly to take on global poverty and injustice. Few could fail to be inspired by President Obama’s inaugural speech, in which he said, “To the people of poor nations, we pledge to work alongside you to make your farms flourish and let clean waters flow; to nourish starved bodies and feed hungry minds.” At moments like these, our leaders need to be challenged to realize such grand ambitions—to answer to the experience and on-the-ground perspective that Oxfam delivers. With ever greater numbers of families falling into poverty every day, our mission has never been more relevant and more urgent. We know that the kind of social change we seek does not come easily. It requires passion, will, sacrifice, courage, persistence, and organization—and lots of all of these things. Yet we are not daunted by today’s challenges. Sometimes you have to bet on the seemingly impossible. We have done this before and won. We feel that our mission, our voice, our ideas—and your support—are critical. Thank you for the confidence you have shown us. We hope that you will continue to stand with us in these difficult times. With respect and regards,
Raymond C. Offenheiser President
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A letter from the chair Dear friends, When Oxfam America’s fiscal year drew to a close last October, it was already clear that life on “Main Street” was fundamentally changing—and not for the better. Our friends and families are all experiencing the strains and the stress of lost savings, lost jobs, and an uncertain future in an increasingly precarious world. But in the face of all this, your incredibly generous support of our work has continued. I cannot thank you enough. Last year I shared with you the need for a predictable funding stream that would allow Oxfam’s staff and local partner organizations to execute a well-thought-out, multiyear business plan. I could never have imagined just how important the successful completion of the Campaign for Oxfam America would be. This funding—along with the reserves our board wisely accumulated over the past 10 years—are now enabling us to move forward on our highest priorities, despite the likelihood that we will experience a meaningful shortfall in unrestricted donations during the next several years as the financial crisis takes its toll. We have had to make some painful choices to position ourselves with fewer, stronger programs. But thanks to the progress we’ve made in assessing impact, we can approach these strategic cutbacks intelligently. And thanks to our conservative investment strategy going into this market downturn, we are able to make the transition in a fair and orderly way for our colleagues and our partners. It’s sobering to think about what the deepening economic crisis means in the lives of the poorest people on this earth. The richest countries are called upon to address climate change, food shortages, and other global strains at a time when none of them are feeling very rich. All of us will have to work harder and smarter than ever before. As we partner with you to help vulnerable families build a more secure future for themselves, we want you to know that we’re taking great care to put your investment in Oxfam America to its highest use. We are deeply grateful for the confidence you have placed in us. Sincerely,
Janet A. McKinley Chair, Board of Directors and the Campaign for Oxfam America
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Food By late 2008, the ranks of the hungry numbered nearly one billion. The roots of the global food crisis are tangled in decades of underinvestment in agriculture; failed trade and food aid policies; and systemic inequalities, including limited access to natural resources and the disproportionate impact of climate change on poor people.
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Each story we tell is only part of the larger story: our long-term program to achieve systemic change.
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John Ambler Senior vice president for programs
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Problem: Harvests from traditional rice farming often failed to support families in Cambodia.
And the plants are bigger, hardier, and better able to withstand some pests, dry spells, and storms.
Response: When Mey Som relied on conventional rice-farming methods, he barely grew enough to feed his family. He depended on his daughters’ incomes; they worked at a garment factory in Phnom Penh, a two-hour drive from their village. Now, Som’s farm is so productive that his daughters were able to quit the factory to run the day-to-day operations back home. Their father no longer depends on their incomes. Instead, he’s teaching them how to use the System of Rice Intensification (SRI). This innovative agricultural technique, funded by Oxfam America through our local partner, the Cambodian Center for Study and Development in Agriculture, or CEDAC, continues to improve dramatically the lives of more than 80,000 farmers in Cambodia. With fewer seeds, new generations of farmers like So Sophal (pictured opposite)—one of Som’s daughters—are producing twice the rice they once did. Farmers grow enough to feed their families and sell the surplus. They save money buying fewer seeds.
Oxfam is now working with national agricultural extension agencies in Cambodia to expand this initiative on an even larger scale. Problem: Loss of Vietnam’s coastal forests threatened fish habitats. Response: Thriving in a swirl of fresh and salty water, mangroves weave their roots together above the surface, creating what is both a protective barrier during typhoons and floods as well as the perfect breeding ground for a variety of fish, shrimp, and crab. These hardy trees once dominated Vietnam’s coastline, but population growth, illegal logging, aggressive fishing, and shrimp farming have devastated the mangroves. Many never recovered from the US military’s use of Agent Orange during the Vietnam War. So more than three years ago, Oxfam America’s local partner, Can Tho University (CTU), set out to restore the forests. CTU made a pact
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with about 1,000 villagers in Long Hoa: if they would replant the mangroves and hold off on fishing, shrimping, and felling trees, CTU would train them to use the resulting enhanced biodiversity to their advantage. Rather than fish from coastal waters, they would learn the best ways to use spillover water from replenished forests to raise more fish, shrimp, and crab in ponds in their backyards. The Vietnamese fish farmers (photo strip above) were initially skeptical. Tran Huu Tri, for one, wasn’t convinced that the new methods held promise. But he soon discovered that the tidal water from the mangroves was rich. “Now I don’t stock the shrimp. I get [them] from the natural environment,” he says. Last June, Tri estimated that he had doubled both his shrimp harvest and his income over the two previous years. And like any successful businessman, he reinvested in his operation by improving and expanding
2008 investments System of Rice Intensification and related agricultural programs: $187,000
his fish pond. In this way, fish farmers like Tri earn a decent living and can protect and expand local food sources. Problem: The global food crisis in 2008 hit many Ethiopians hard. Response: More than six million Ethiopians were swept into the global food crisis in 2008, bringing the total number of Ethiopians relying on aid for survival to over 13.5 million. Driven by drought and the high price of staples, these people joined seven million others who are so poor that they already relied on assistance from the Ethiopian government. Oxfam America and its local partner organizations are working to help people who are vulnerable to crises build resilience. Inside a corral crowded with livestock, a young mother named Jibo keeps an eye on her sheep, her baby slung on her back. Drought destroyed the corn and beans
her family planted and has killed some of the animals on which they depend for food and income. And that’s why Jibo is here: to do what she can to protect her family’s remaining assets. She has brought her sheep for veterinary care to a program organized by Oxfam and its local partner, the Gayo Pastoralist Development Initiative. Veterinary treatments, like health care for humans, are preventive. Strong animals stand a better chance of survival in a harsh climate, and this flock is Jibo’s buffer against acute hunger. Oxfam has begun work with regional officials to stimulate more government investment in livestock systems in southern Ethiopia. By working with people like Jibo to build their assets—their herds, their harvests (like the corn pictured opposite)—and influencing government policy, Oxfam hopes to break patterns of chronic hunger.
Mekong River Basin management: $759,000
Ethiopian drought relief: $1.23 million
> Development & humanitarian relief
> Development & humanitarian relief
> Development & humanitarian relief
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Water Currently, more than one billion people lack access to water and over 2.4 billion lack access to basic sanitation. Almost two million children die each year for want of clean water and sanitation. And without water, people cannot nourish crops to feed their families. It is a cycle of need, and as with most resources, poverty, power, and inequality compound issues of access.
Problem: Mining in Central America threatened farmland and water sources. Response: Rising prices for gold and other metals have sparked interest in mining in Central America. Many people, however, question whether this approach to economic development will benefit society broadly. Farmers, for example, are concerned about protecting their land and water sources from large-scale industrial mining. Environmentalists and indigenous people near Guatemala’s Lake Izabal are particularly concerned about concessions for nickel mining on the shore of the lake. Izabal is a jewel; rimmed by forests and farms, it provides a habitat for tropical fish and birds, and manatees. Eloyda Mejia, a founder of the Association of Friends of Lake Izabal (ASALI)—an environmental and development organization funded in part by Oxfam since 2006—says Lake Izabal is at risk. “When they talk about the tremendous amounts of minerals they propose to take out of here, how can you believe it won’t affect this place?” ASALI runs workshops for local farmers so that they can develop strategies to protect their farms and their families.
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Freddie Mo Qub, leader of La Paz’s indigenous Q’eq’chi community, pinpoints the necessity of public education: “If it weren’t for these workshops, we would not have any clear information about the effects of mining in our communities.” Oxfam’s efforts to ensure that oil, gas, and mining profits do not come at the expense of local people range from work in small communities in Peru and Guatemala to efforts in Washington, DC, and West Africa to pass legislation that will protect basic rights and ensure transparency about payments from oil and mining companies to governments. Problem: Recurrent floods contaminated drinking water in El Salvador. Response: After an emergency response to severe floods following a tropical storm in late 2007, Oxfam and its local partner, the Salvadoran Association for Humanitarian Assistance (PROVIDA), saw an opportunity to protect the basic needs of nine rural communities over the long term in Zacatecoluca, El Salvador. PROVIDA created reinforced “healthy wells” (pictured opposite)—tightly
sealed and purified—to replace old, hand-dug wells that left drinking water vulnerable to contamination. PROVIDA also built composting latrines for homes surrounding the wells to protect community health during times of flood. With training, local people now know what steps to take in the event of a major flood and how to monitor their wells regularly to ensure that water remains clean. “The new water system has been a huge benefit for our community,” says Lucia Amaya, a mother of five. Problem: Ethiopian farmers needed adequate water to grow crops. Response: For Dedefi Dalacha and others in the Rift Valley, scarce water made farming a challenge. Dalacha used to cultivate sugar cane to bring in money, but limited water meant that his efforts were not very profitable. When Oxfam America’s Ethiopian partner Center for Development Initiatives helped him and 65 other families build an irrigation channel, he switched to growing vegetables. Dalacha now makes more money, and water is the key.
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“We used to have to wait for rain, but now we use water whenever we want, and there is no difference between the rainy and dry season,” Dalacha says. He has built a new house and says he can support his eight children. “Before, I had a shortage of income. Now it is no trouble to keep them in school with everything they need.” His wife, Safaye Bediya, says they now eat more and better vegetables, and the health of the children has improved. “They are healthy and happy,” she says. Woya Shakule, head of the village water users’ committee, sums up the impact of the irrigation channel simply: “We see big changes here, and they are really life-changing.”
At the national level, Oxfam is working with the Ethiopian government to ensure that small-scale irrigation development is a higher priority in the nation’s agricultural strategy. Problem: A tsunami-affected village lacked an irrigation system. Response: For generations, the farmers of Gonnoruwa, Sri Lanka, had been losing their crops to drought—sometimes four seasons out of five. Forced to turn to moneylenders to make up their endless shortfalls, they were nearly destitute. The tsunami of 2004, which swept away the villagers who had traveled to a nearby coastal town for market day, was a terrible blow. But when aid providers offered
Now, Gonnoruwa’s farmers are growing 200 acres of rice. They have pulled themselves out of debt, they are eating three meals a day, and they are helping their children get a better education. But the gains are not only material: where once women’s leadership was resisted, it is now embraced. Asked how it feels to be a respected community leader, a member of the women’s group replies, “It’s unbearable happiness.”
2008 investments Central American humanitarian program: $831,000
Central American mining communities program: $319,000
Ethiopian water program: $575,000
Development & humanitarian relief
Development & humanitarian relief
Tsunami rehabilitation: $1.18 million
Oil, gas, and mining work: $2.84 million
Development & humanitarian relief
Development & humanitarian relief | Public Education | Policy & advocacy
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assistance, Gonnoruwans were ready to take charge: they asked for help to build an irrigation system. Oxfam agreed, and encouraged a women’s self-help group (pictured opposite) to manage the project. A local artist captured their work (drawing above).
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Development & humanitarian relief
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Safety Shelter. Freedom from violence. A means of protecting oneself from preventable diseases. These are all aspects of what we mean by safety. Ensuring that people are safe means supporting their efforts to protect their basic human rights and ensure that their families, their homes, and their livelihoods will not be destroyed.
Problem: Poor communities are left vulnerable to future disasters.
they are helping local people protect themselves in the event of future storms.
Response: For many in East Biloxi, MS, three years seems like an eternity. That’s how long it’s been since Hurricane Katrina struck this close-knit, mostly low- and middle-income neighborhood.
Despite her own losses—her house, car, and business—Hanshaw says she’s never thought of leaving her hometown. “That’s what we’re about here: family, community,” she says simply. “We help each other out.”
People here still face a shortage of affordable homes and jobs, and many essential services still haven’t been restored. Locals like Sharon Hanshaw (pictured opposite), however, aren’t giving up. Hanshaw leads the Oxfam-supported grassroots group Coastal Women for Change (CWC) and trains residents— especially women and people of color—to speak out about the Gulf Coast recovery process. CWC members serve on the mayor’s planning commission and have traveled to Washington, DC, as spokespeople for what Hanshaw calls “a left-behind community.” As their work evolved, members of CWC realized that, in addition to advocating for solutions, they had to create some of their own. Among other activities, they founded an in-home child care program to address the shortage of affordable care, and
Problem: Climate change hurts poor people first and worst. Response: Jumpa Datta drew her fears in vibrant blues, greens, and reds. People row through a flooded village. Homes are waterlogged. Animals marooned. Oxfam displayed Datta’s drawing (pictured on top of following page)—and those of other children from Bangladesh to Uganda— at a UN conference on climate change. The exhibit was part of Oxfam’s effort to elevate the voices of poor communities grappling with the consequences of a warming planet. Through public education and engagement with governments, Oxfam is calling for national legislation—and an international agreement—that goes beyond curbing emissions. Policies must set aside funding and other assistance to help poor people adapt. Policy makers call this
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“adaptation,” but it really means helping vulnerable communities become more resilient in the face of climate change. With this support, communities like Datta’s can invest in coastal tree barriers and emergency alarm systems during floods, drought-resistant seeds and food banks in times of shortage, and mosquito nets and health surveillance to prevent diseases that are worsened by global warming. As one Mozambiquan farmer said: “We don’t have much school education, but all of us understand that many problems we face today are because of climate change. It is a serious risk to our existence as workers of the land.”
Response: Barza—a system of communal forgiveness—is what some families finally turn to when the law fails to deliver justice. And advocacy, at all levels of government, is what Oxfam turns to in its effort to make sure that the rights of people in the Democratic Republic of Congo are not forgotten. There are many stories of unbearable loss. One father (pictured opposite) lives in the eastern provinces of Congo where conflict has stolen countless lives— including that of his son. Child soldiers— his neighbors—tied his son up and tossed him into the Congo River. It’s just one of innumerable acts of violence in a country where rape has become a weapon of war and 5.4 million people have died since 1998 as a consequence of fighting and the hardship it spawns.
2008 investments Gulf Coast hurricane rehabilitation: $3.30 million
Climate Change campaign: $1.27 million
Development & humanitarian relief |
Public Education | Policy & advocacy
Public Education
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Problem: Congo’s people suffered violence as a result of years of conflict.
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Through advocacy at local, national, and international levels, Oxfam is working to support Congo’s efforts to reintegrate former soldiers into communities, prepare the country’s security services to protect civilians, and ensure effective peace agreements that focus on the needs of Congo’s people. Marie Kanyobayo knows well how violence can erode one’s sense of well-being. Kanyobayo used to travel alone on a small motorbike—until lawlessness made that bit of independence too risky. Now she must ride with her husband or aid workers when she travels. Kanyobayo heads an organization supported by Oxfam that educates the Congolese about their rights. It’s her kind of work that Oxfam’s advocacy aims to support. The messages she carries with her—about the peaceful pursuit of democracy—are essential for the future of Congo.
Humanitarian policy, advocacy & campaigns: $509,000 Public Education | Policy & advocacy
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Making a living With a global financial crisis devastating even the world’s wealthiest nations, there has never been a moment when earning a living seemed more critical to survival. Whatever their circumstances, people need to be able to provide for their families. And the price of earning a living must not be dignity.
Problem: The world’s poorest people didn’t have a safe way to save money or access credit. Response: Most investors won’t loan money to someone they think cannot repay. This means that poor people can rarely access credit to start a business, pay for education, or buy seeds. So Oxfam launched Saving for Change in 2005, a program that trains community groups to save and lend small amounts of money. This savings-led approach to microfinance helps the world’s poorest people—and keeps their money circulating in their communities.
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participants and to research the potential for the program in additional countries in Latin America. Problem: Traditional cotton farmers in Mali struggled to make ends meet.
What’s more, this model is self-replicating; participants spontaneously start new groups using their own resources. Saving for Change started in Mali and has expanded to Senegal, Cambodia, and El Salvador. There are now more than 11,000 groups with 223,000 individual members. Participants—mostly women—have collectively saved more than $2.7 million.
Response: Fanta Sinayogo (pictured opposite), a mother of nine, belongs to an organic cotton growers cooperative in Mali, which Oxfam helps to support. Organic cotton fetches a higher price, and growing organically reduces costs: Sinayogo uses no pesticides and produces her own organic fertilizer. On just 1.25 acres, she grew 880 pounds of cotton in 2008. Since she started growing cotton as a cash crop four years ago, Sinayogo is more financially independent. “Last year I used my savings from growing organic cotton to buy more food,” she explains. That cash allowed her to feed her family through the growing season when others in West Africa struggled to survive the 2008 spike in food prices.
Saving for Change marked a milestone in 2008. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation granted Oxfam America $11.8 million to help expand Saving for Change to reach more than half a million
Working from a different angle, Oxfam and its partners are also coordinating with cotton companies to ensure that farmers receive the marketing services they need to sell their cotton.
Annual Report 2008 | www.oxfamamerica.org
Problem: Despite long hours and hard work, Florida tomato pickers earned low wages. Response: Typically, field hands picking tomatoes in Florida earned an average of 45 cents per bucket—meaning a worker had to pick nearly two and a half tons of tomatoes a day, even in bad weather, in order to earn minimum wage. Oxfam’s local partner, the Coalition of Immokalee Workers, led a public campaign to improve wages and working conditions for Florida’s estimated 33,000 migrant farmworkers. The campaign inspired more than 37,000 people to sign Oxfam’s online petition aimed at Burger King. In response, the fast food giant announced in May that it would agree to pay field hands in its supply chain a penny more per pound of tomatoes. The money is not yet in their pockets because of resistance from the Florida Tomato Growers Exchange, which represents the state’s tomato farmers. But if the plan moves ahead, that penny could mean a near doubling of workers’ wages—and would prove that consumer pressure can bring positive change.
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Problem: In the midst of conflict, people in Darfur had no way to earn a living.
them not only to transport their own goods and water, but can hire them out to others.
Response: Short and knobby-kneed, a donkey may not look like the answer to one of Darfur’s more pressing problems: earning a living in a war-torn region. But this humble beast is the lynchpin in two projects that are helping people do just that. Through local organizations, Oxfam America is distributing 280 donkeys and 100 carts to families who’ve been trying to survive despite six years of conflict in Darfur.
Many who receive the donkeys are farmers and will use them to help plow fields located on clay-clogged land—an activity for which the animals are well suited. Other beneficiaries live in the camps that now stretch beyond El Fasher, North Darfur. Those who also receive carts can use them to haul the firewood and grass they must collect far from the camps.
“The donkey is a very essential asset in rural Darfur; it’s a means of transport and a source of income,” says Oxfam’s Malik A. Idris. In a region with few opportunities to earn money, donkeys can support entrepreneurial enterprise: people can use
Problem: Indigenous farmers in Peru needed a lucrative cash crop. Response: Carlos Eduardo Fernandez (pictured opposite) processes Sacha Inchi nuts on the edge of Peru’s Amazon Basin. Using a machine provided by Oxfam, he
2008 investments Saving for Change (globally): $3.17 million
Fair Food in Florida Fields campaign: $136,000
Development & humanitarian relief
Development & humanitarian relief
Sudan humanitarian crisis: $2.24 million
US decent work program: $413,000
Development & humanitarian relief
Development & humanitarian relief
processes more than 325 pounds in an hour, a task that would take several days to do by hand. These nuts are rich in omega-3 and omega-6 oils and a potential source of income for indigenous Ashaninka farmers, who hope to generate cash by meeting the increasing global demand for omega oils. Oxfam is helping indigenous farmers identify native varieties of Sacha Inchi that flourish in their climate and the best ways to cultivate and sell it to the Fair Trade market. In the coming years, these farmers hope that Sacha Inchi will supplement the crops they grow for their own consumption. With a lucrative cash crop like Sacha Inchi, indigenous communities can earn money for education and health care—and save for the future.
Sustainable livelihoods in South America: $628,000 Development & humanitarian relief
West African cotton farmers program: $554,000 Development & humanitarian relief
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Oxfam’s reach Oxfam America maintains offices around the world, staffed by experienced people who often come from the regions in which we work and who know the local realities. Oxfam International is an alliance of 13 Oxfams working in more than 100 countries with more than 3,000 local organizations. As part of this coalition, we can help more people because the confederation extends our collective reach. Oxfam International’s total program expenditures exceeded $828 million in 2007– 08. Together, we’re able to campaign globally, uniting around some of the world’s biggest problems to achieve far-reaching solutions. Since Oxfam is already working in communities around the world, when disaster strikes, we can be first responders—channeling funds, aid workers, and relief supplies to where they are needed in a matter of hours.
North America Offices: Boston, MA (headquarters) | Washington, DC (policy & advocacy) | Biloxi, MS (Gulf Coast ) Countries where we funded work: US Total investment in region: $5.36 million Top three investments (as percentages of total): Gulf Coast reconstruction, 54.6% Agriculture & trade policy, 11.0% Decent work program, 7.7%
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Latin America Offices: San Salvador, El Salvador | Lima, Peru
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Countries where we funded work: Bolivia, Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru Total investment in region: $7.63 million Top three investments (as percentages of total): Humanitarian relief & risk reduction, 24.8% Oil, gas, and mining, 15.2% Indigenous communities, 9.5%
Oxfam International affiliates Oxfam America
Oxfam Germany
Oxfam New Zealand
Oxfam Australia
Oxfam Great Britain
Oxfam Belgium
Oxfam Hong Kong
Oxfam Novib (the Netherlands)
Oxfam Canada
Intermón Oxfam (Spain)
Oxfam Québec
Oxfam France
Oxfam Ireland
Where we work Oxfam America
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Other Oxfam affiliates
Annual Report 2008 | www.oxfamamerica.org
Oxfam America regional office
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Oxfam’s impact Asia Office: Phnom Penh, Cambodia Countries where we funded work: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Pakistan, Occupied Palestinian Territories, Sri Lanka, Vietnam Total investment in region: $5.34 million Top three investments (as percentages of total): Humanitarian relief & risk reduction, 45.4% Mekong River Basin management, 14.2% Saving for Change, 9.1%
Oxfam America is committed to a long-term impact, but creating effective systems for evaluation is an enormous undertaking. We are pleased to report that in 2008 we broke important new ground: Oxfam launched three pilot research projects to provide a baseline against which we can assess our impact—assessments that will allow us to correct course as necessary. Each baseline project requires a decade-long commitment by Oxfam to examine the effect of our program efforts on an identified goal. Our pilot projects were designed to provide analyses of 1 our work with communities affected by oil and gas mining in Peru, 2 our work with communities affected by gold mining in West Africa, and 3 our gender violence prevention campaign in El Salvador. The initial research was completed in partnership with local institutions that will monitor key indicators over the coming decade. Oxfam plays a convening role: we pull together people locally, nationally, and internationally to address the systems in which poor people are constrained, and we empower people to define and create their own future. With this first baseline research in place, we are prepared to evaluate our impact in these three areas regularly, looking for both positive and negative changes in people’s well-being. Baseline findings in Peru and West Africa were based on the following variables: • E xtent to which people can access information about their rights and can monitor mining activities • Percentage of mine profits that go to local communities • Quality of policies adopted by Peru on transparency and governance in the mining sector • Degree of harmonization of the policies of West African countries to comply with a proposed regional mining code • Power and capacity of local and national actors to influence key decisions • Fairness of compensation paid by mines to affected households in West Africa
Africa Offices: Addis Ababa, Ethiopia | Dakar, Senegal | Pretoria, South Africa Countries where we funded work: Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Mozambique, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, Zimbabwe Total investment in region: $14.50 million Top three investments (as percentages of total): Humanitarian relief & risk reduction, 32.9% Livelihoods, 17.7% Saving for Change, 11.1%
Baseline findings in El Salvador were based on the following variables: • Availability of gender violence statistics and rates of reporting • Women and youth leaders’ influence on decision makers regarding gender violence prevention • Resources available to women and youth leaders to address and prevent violence • Women and youth leaders’ knowledge of the law and their rights regarding gender violence
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Board of Directors & Leadership Council (as of April 1, 2009)
Leadership Council
Board of Directors Officers Janet A. McKinley, Chair Chairman, The Income Fund of America (retired)
Rosalind Conway, Vice chair Director PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Karen Keating Ansara
Raymond C. Offenheiser President, Oxfam America
David Doniger, Vice chair Policy director, Climate Center Natural Resources Defense Council
Ian S. Crowe
James Down, Vice chair Vice chairman Mercer Management C onsulting (retired)
Caroline Gabel
Joe H. Hamilton, Treasurer & secretary Executive vice president, Liberty International L. David Brown, Vice chair Professor, Harvard University John F. Kennedy School of Government
Kitt Sawitsky, Vice chair Managing director, Goulston & Storrs Roger Widmann, Vice chair Investment banker
Sylvia A. Brownrigg Terry Collins Bruce Detwiler Barbara Fiorito Kaia Miller Goldstein Hannelore Grantham Stephen Hays Bart Hopkin Robert A. Jaeger Lisa Jorgenson Stephen B. Land
Other Directors
Peter Lynch
Elizabeth Becker Journalist & author Fellow, German Marshall Fund
Barry D. Gaberman Senior vice president Ford Foundation (retired)
George A. Miller
Brizio N. Biondi-Morra President, Fundación AVINA
Shigeki Makino Chief investment officer Global Core Equity Putnam Investment Management
R. Price Peterson
Michael Carter Professor of Agricultural & Applied Economics University of Wisconsin, Madison Jonathan A. Fox Professor Latin American & Latino Studies University of California, Santa Cruz Bennett Freeman Senior vice president Social Research & Policy Calvert Group
Minh Chau Nguyen Country director East Meets West Foundation
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H. Jay Sarles Marilyn Sarles Peter Singer
Christine Warden
Janet Van Zandt Director of institutional support Oxfam America (Staff-elected board member)
Kim Williams
1979–1982
Robert C. Terry
1976–1979
J. Larry Brown
1988–1996
John Thomas
1974–1976
Marie Gadsden
1986–1988
Jayne Spain
1972–1974
Marion Clawson
1970–1972
Annual Report 2008 | www.oxfamamerica.org
Dana Quitslund
Wendy Sherman Principal, The Albright Group LLC
Newell Flather
Catherine E. C. Henn 1982–1985
Ann Silver Pozen
Renata Singer
Michael F. MacLeod 1996–2000
2000–2005
Peter Palmer
Steven Reiss Partner Weil, Gotshal & Manges
Former Board Chairs Barbara Fiorito
Paul A. Moses
Lucian Snow Elizabeth Wachs Barbara Waugh
Financial information (November 1, 2007, to October 31, 2008)
Oxfam America is rated highly by a number of leading independent charity evaluators, including the American Institute of Philanthropy. In 2008, Oxfam America again received the Better Business Bureau’s highest rating for charitable organizations by meeting all 20 of its “Standards for Charity Accountability.” Oxfam received its third annual four-star rating from the nation’s largest charity evaluator: Charity Navigator. This places Oxfam among 11 percent of charitable organizations nationally.
“
[A four-star rating] indicates that your organization excels, as compared to other charities in America, in successfully managing the finances of your organization in an efficient and effective manner. This consistency in your rating is an exceptional feat, especially given the economic challenges many charities have had to face in the last year.
”
2008 was an important year for Oxfam America in financial terms. We strengthened and expanded our fund-raising efforts. In anticipation of a more difficult future for unrestricted revenues, we focused our activities to reduce costs and invest in our most promising programs. Thanks to these efforts and our conservative investment policy, we enter 2009 in strong financial condition, prepared to support Oxfam’s important work through troubled economic times. Total contributions increased 11 percent last year to $71.5 million. 2008 marked the end of our extraordinarily successful campaign for Oxfam America, with overall commitments of over $63 million for current and future programming. In 2008 alone, we recorded over $22.5 million in campaign contributions—including an $11.8 million multiyear grant to support our Saving for Change programs. Unrestricted contributions grew by 3 percent this year, although contributions weakened in late 2008 as the economic crisis deepened. As our programs grew in scope, 2008 expenses increased by $7.4 million (13 percent) over 2007. Most of the increase was in program services expenses, which increased $5.9 million, primarily related to development and humanitarian relief programs, largely in Africa. Public education expenditures rose by $1.4 million, primarily because of our efforts to campaign about the effects of climate change on the world’s poorest communities. Policy and advocacy expenses decreased by $900,000, owing to the completion of our Farm Bill campaign. Support services-related expenses grew by $1.4 million (12 percent) as we continued to make key investments to provide the infrastructure and revenue sustainability to support our expanding programs. We have invested in improved systems for constituent relationship management, human resources, communications, and financial management. Total net assets grew by $7.3 million (10 percent), primarily as the result of campaign contributions. These increases were offset in part by the drawdown of funds received in prior years for our US Gulf Coast and tsunami programs. Despite an unprecedented market downturn in 2008, Oxfam managed a positive—albeit modest—gain on our conservatively invested assets. Our strategy of investing first in programs and second in critical support areas, while ensuring financial stability, continues to receive the endorsement of rating agencies. More important, our growing number of supporters represents our most important endorsement. In spite of our 2008 revenue growth and conservative investments, Oxfam America is not immune to the current economic downturn. We have planned for a multiyear impact. We must be ever more prudent in our spending and focused in our approach. We will no doubt face difficult decisions about how, where, and when to invest our resources. We are, however, fortunate to have accumulated reserves that will allow us to continue to seek lasting solutions to poverty and injustice.
Charity Navigator Joe H. Hamilton Treasurer & secretary
www.oxfamamerica.org | Annual Report 2008
23
Statement of activities (Oxfam America and Oxfam America Advocacy Fund | Years ending October 31)
2008
2007
$71,480,000 1,350,000 307,000
$64,291,000 3,744,000 268,000
$73,137,000
$68,303,000
Program services Development and humanitarian relief programs Public education Policy and advocacy Total program services
39,732,000 8,515,000 4,305,000 52,552,000
34,233,000 7,132,000 5,243,000 46,608,000
Support services Management and general Fund-raising Total support services
4,171,000 9,099,000 13,270,000
3,444,000 8,391,000 11,835,000
$65,822,000
$58,443,000
906,000 6,409,000 7,315,000
4,296,000 5,564,000 9,860,000
81,746,000
71,886,000
$89,061,000
$81,746,000
Revenue, gains, and other support Contributions Investment Income Other Total revenue gains and other support Expenses
Total expenses Change in net assets Change related to unrestricted funds Change related to temporarily restricted funds Total change in net assets Net assets at the beginning of the year Net assets at the end of the year
Statement of financial position (Oxfam America and Oxfam America Advocacy Fund | As of October 31)
2008
2007
Assets Cash Investments Pledges receivable Other assets Net fixed assets Total assets
$2,458,000 72,865,000 19,518,000 2,694,000 2,875,000
$2,651,000 71,975,000 13,317,000 1,869,000 3,106,000
$100,410,000
$92,918,000
Liabilities & net assets Liabilities Accounts payable and accrued expenses Grants payable Other liabilities Total liabilities
3,573,000 3,181,000 4,595,000 11,349,000
3,589,000 3,706,000 3,877,000 11,172,000
Net assets Unrestricted Temporarily restricted Permanently restricted Total net assets
34,027,000 53,466,000 1,568,000 89,061,000
33,121,000 47,057,000 1,568,000 81,746,000
$100,410,000
$92,918,000
Total liabilities and net assets
24
Annual Report 2008 | www.oxfamamerica.org
For Oxfam America’s audited financial statements and Form 990, please go to www.oxfamamerica.org/annual2008.
Sources of funds
Individuals 58.8%
Foundations & Oxfams 27.0%
Corporations
7.6%
Bequests & legacies
3.8%
Interest & other
2.2%
Special events
0.6%
Revenue growth (in millions US$) $80 $73.1 million $70 $60 $50 $40 $29.2 million
$30
Uses of funds
Program services 79.9%
Fund-raising 13.8%
Management & general
$20 $10
6.3%
Program services
Public education 16.2%
1970
1980
1991
2001
2008
Annual expenses and investment in program services (in millions US$)
Development & humanitarian relief programs 75.6% Policy & advocacy
$5.6 million $7,000
0
$13.8 million
$70
8.2%
$60 $50
$40 $30 $20
Development & humanitarian relief programs
Africa 36.5%
Latin America 19.2%
Asia 13.5%
North America 13.5%
Cross-regional programs 10.2%
Program management
$10
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Investment in program services Investment in support services
7.1%
www.oxfamamerica.org | Annual Report 2008
25
Your donations The Campaign for Oxfam America In October 2008, Oxfam America completed a $50 million campaign to expand programs over a multiyear period. We are extremely grateful to the more than 850 donors, who collectively made commitments of just over $63 million—well beyond the goal. The great success of Oxfam America’s first fund-raising campaign would not have been possible without support from our loyal friends. Commitments of $20,000 and more made between 2006 and 2008 are recognized here. Campaign gifts received in 2008 also appear in the donor list that begins on the following page. Campaign commitments have transformed our organization, as they provide extra support for strategic programs that invest in women and families, create economic opportunity, save lives, and ensure impact and effectiveness through 2012. We are incredibly grateful to all our donors who contributed to this transformation. We also want to thank the members of the Campaign Executive Committee, who volunteered their time, efforts, ideas, and enthusiasm.
Campaign Executive Committee
$500,000–$999,999
Otto Haas Charitable Trust #2
Terry S. Collins
Mary Catherine Bunting
Stephen Hays and Valerie Hughes
The Connect U.S. Fund
Janet A. McKinley, Chair
The Capital Group Companies Charitable Foundation
Kapil and Sunita Jain
The de Toledo Family
The Kopcho Family Foundation
Isabelle De Wismes
Karen Keating Ansara
Grousbeck Family Foundation
Jim and Anahita Lovelace
Jeffrey Dobbs
Hershey Family Foundation
MacDonald Family Charitable Trust
Eaglemere Foundation, Incorporated
Stephen B. and Jane Land
Barry D. Gaberman
Paul A. Moses and Barbara N. Lubash
Simon J.P. Fennell
The Rockefeller Foundation
Charles Stewart Mott Foundation
Barbara Fiorito and Michael Shimkin
Stephen B. Land
Visa, Inc.
Oxfam Novib
Carl Kawaja and Gwendolyn Holcombe Foundation
Barbara Fiorito
The Philanthropic Collaborative, Inc.
Shigeki Makino Paul A. Moses Dana Quitslund Roger Widmann Kim Williams
Richard Pozen, M.D., and Ann Silver Pozen
Avinash Kaza
$100,000–$499,999 Anonymous (7)
Steven A. Reiss and Mary Mattingly
Linnaeus Thomson Fund
Louis and Anne Abrons Foundation
Katharine E. Merck
Edith Allen
Bruce Rosenblum and Lori Laitman Rosenblum
The Anbinder Family Foundation
James and Anne Rothenberg
Sunil Paul
The Ansara Family Fund at the Boston Foundation
The Schaffner Family Foundation
William B. and Sandra B. Rogers
Peter A. and Renata Singer
The Cameron Baird Foundation
Samsung Electronics America, Inc.
John H. and Cynthia Lee Smet Foundation
Kitt and Heather Sawitsky
Araceli and David Barclay Bridgeway Charitable Foundation Marjorie T. and William R. Coleman
Peter and Zibby Munson
Michael and Helen Schaffer Foundation Cynthia Lovelace Sears and Frank Buxton
Crane Creek Family Fund of The Oregon Community Foundation
Wallace Global Fund
$1 million+
Ian and Ruth Crowe
Weil, Gotshal & Manges LLP
Anonymous (4)
David D. Doniger and Lisa Jorgenson
WHH Foundation
The Bruderhof Communities
James W. and Donna E. Down
Roger and Judith Widmann
Howard G. Buffett Foundation Global Water Initiative
Alvin & Fanny Blaustein Thalheimer Foundation, Inc.
Anne Marie Duffy and John O’Callaghan
Kim Williams and Trevor Miller
Tides Foundation
Ford Foundation Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation Shigeki and Kay Makino Janet A. McKinley and George A. Miller Laurie Michaels Oxfam Great Britain
26
Michael E. Soloff and Sue L. Himmelrich
Lisa and Victor Kohn
Ward Family Foundation
eBay Foundation
Lucian Snow and Elizabeth Wilcox John G. Sommer
Karl and Dian Zeile
The FJC Foundation Bob and Pat Flynn
$20,000–$99,999
The Lloyd A. Fry Foundation
Anonymous (15)
E. Marianne Gabel and Donald Lateiner
Susan W. Almy
Nina Galen
Charles and Kharlene Boxenbaum Fund
William C. and Jean M. Graustein
Peter C. Canellos
Heather and Paul Haaga
Celerant Consulting, Inc.
Annual Report 2008 | www.oxfamamerica.org
Cherida Collins Smith
Susan Clare and Peter D. Parker
Gifts received in 2008 Oxfam America is extremely grateful to have received the support of 253,000 individuals, foundations, and corporations. We are particularly pleased to have earned the confidence of 41,000 new supporters. With this report, we gratefully acknowledge those who gave $5,000 or more. We offer our heartfelt thanks to the tens of thousands of supporters we don’t have space to list here, including the many employers that provide gifts through workplace campaigns and matching grants. (Contributions to Oxfam America and the Oxfam America Advocacy Fund received between November 1, 2007, and October 31, 2008)
$500,000+
Estate of Richard Oneto
Samsung Electronics America, Inc.
Olivia Gentile and Andy Borowitz
Anonymous (2)
James and Anne Rothenberg
Share Our Strength
William C. and Jean M. Graustein
The Atlantic Philanthropies
The Sandy River Charitable Foundation
Janine and Josef Gugler
The Coca-Cola Company
The Schaffner Family Foundation
John H. and Cynthia Lee Smet Foundation
Estate of Mark Eisner Jr.
Peter A. and Renata Singer
Cherida Collins Smith
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Estate of Estelle Smucker
David and Nancy Smith
Jennifer L. Hinman and Michael J. Moody
Grousbeck Family Foundation
Swiss Reinsurance Company
Shulin Sun and Mica Imamura
Darwin and Betty Hudson
The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation
Estate of Richard C. Trexler
Wallace Global Fund
Hunter-White Foundation
Ward Family Foundation
Estate of Elizabeth Newman Wilds
International Labor Organization
Shigeki and Kay Makino
WHH Foundation
Kim Williams and Trevor Miller
Kapil and Sunita Jain
Joseph R. Higdon
The Kaphan Foundation
Janet A. McKinley and George A. Miller
W. K. Kellogg Foundation
Omidyar Fund of Peninsula Community Foundation
$50,000–$99,999
$25,000–$49,999
Estate of Sadao Kinoshita
Oxfam Great Britain
Anonymous (8)
Anonymous (17)
Estate of Janet Koriath
Oxfam Novib
Louis and Anne Abrons Foundation
Edith Allen
Lawrence Leibowitz and Tara Greenway
The Rockefeller Foundation
The Anbinder Family Foundation
Susan W. Almy
Don and Pamela G. Lichty
Visa, Inc.
Estate of Maureen Bradford
Altera Corporation
Yvonne Marcuse
Estate of Mary Butters Brown
Mike Amdur
Katharine E. Merck
Estate of Clement Burnap
The Ansara Family Fund at the Boston Foundation
Paul A. Moses and Barbara N. Lubash
$100,000–$499,999 Anonymous (7)
Margaret A. Congleton eBay, Inc.
Newman’s Own Foundation
Steven and Beth Bangert
Estate of Walter T. and Eleanor C. Nyberg
The FJC Foundation
Albert and Elaine Borchard Foundation, Inc.
Bob and Pat Flynn
Bridgeway Charitable Foundation
Fukushima Family Fund
Rev. Frederick and Judith Buechner
Mary Catherine Bunting
The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.
Estate of Martin Carlsen
The Capital Group Companies, Inc.
Heather and Paul Haaga
Richard B. Cohen
Terry S. Collins
Otto Haas Charitable Trust #2
The Connect U.S. Fund
Crane Creek Family Fund of The Oregon Community Foundation
Harari Family Charitable Fund
Ian and Ruth Crowe
Stephen Hays and Valerie Hughes
The de Toledo Family
David D. Doniger and Lisa Jorgenson
Hurlbut-Johnson Charitable Trusts
Isabelle De Wismes
eBay Foundation
Kathryn and Andrew Kimball
Bruce Rosenblum and Lori Laitman Rosenblum
Dow Jones and Company, Inc.
Ernst & Young LLP
Jim and Anahita Lovelace
Save Darfur Coalition
Elizabeth S. and Paul Kingston Duffie
The Lloyd A. Fry Foundation
The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
Shifting Foundation
Eaglemere Foundation, Incorporated
Trond Skramstad and Pia Gedeon
Estate of William R. English Jason and Elizabeth Factor
Michael E. Soloff and Sue L. Himmelrich
Renee B. Fisher Foundation
The Spurlino Foundation Jeanne Steig
The Cameron Baird Foundation Reinier and Nancy Beeuwkes Howard G. Buffett Foundation Global Water Initiative
The Grantham Foundation for the Protection of the Environment
Bill Morgan
Gloria and John O’Farrell Oxfam Belgium Perkins Malo Hunter Foundation Physicians Against World Hunger Michael and Josie A. Pometta Rights & Democracy Jean G. Roland
Hershey Family Foundation
Estate of Patrick F. Mulhern
Intermón Oxfam (Spain)
Estate of Sofula Novikova
The Kopcho Family Foundation
Estate of Connie Osmundson
Robert and Betty Forchheimer Foundaton
Stephen B. and Jane Land
Anita and Robert Friedman
Laurie Michaels
Richard Pozen, M.D., and Ann Silver Pozen
Douglas A. Tilden
Charles Stewart Mott Foundation
Eric Reeves/Sudan Aid Fund
E. Marianne Gabel and Donald Lateiner
Toward Sustainability Foundation
Earl and Mary Kay Gardner
Weil, Gotshal & Manges LLP
Linnaeus Thomson Fund
www.oxfamamerica.org | Annual Report 2008
27
Chuck Goldman Family Supporting Foundation
Steven Lin
John M. Sawyer Memorial Trust
Joseph M. Lobozzo
Michael and Helen Schaffer Foundation
Stephen Gordon
Lored Foundation
Fred M. Grafton
Lowe-Marshall Trust
Benjamin and Sophie Scher Charitable Foundation
John and Kathryn Greenberg
Nancy and Thomas Lurie
Gail and Patrick Schoenfelder
$10,000–$24,999
Bradley J. Greenwald and Rachel C. Hoffman
MacDonald Family Charitable Trust
John and Barbara Schubert Margaret Seely
Anonymous (42)
Patricia B. and John C. Hall
Marquis George MacDonald Foundation
Walter and Alice Abrams Family Fund
Harrington Family Foundation
Jonathan Marshall
Robert and Gloria Sherman Family Foundation
AHS Foundation
Nancy and Hendrik Hartog
Alchemy Foundation
Health Magazine
Eugenie Allen and Jeremy Feigelson
Estate of Mary B. Hefner
Eleanor McCleary-Sellstrom and A. D. Sellstrom
Ann Alpern, M.D., and John E. Laird
Edward S. and Mary W. Herman
Satyen Mehta
David P. and Erika Simons
Robert Amory
Barbarina M. and Aaron J. Heyerdahl
Frank and Alan Melville
Patricia J. S. Simpson
Jeffry S. Amthor and Margaret G. Goodbody
Robert S. and Cynthia Honn Hillas
Adele Mendelson
Lucian Snow and Elizabeth Wilcox
Benjamin and Francine Hiller
John G. Sommer
M. Jean Anderson
Steven Merel
Gary Hirschkron
Peggy and Gene Somoza
Jeff Antebi
Lisa and Yaron Minsky-Primus
Michael Hirschorn
Martin J. Spalding
Eric and Cindy Arbanovella
Nancy Hoagland
Edward D. and Anna Mitchell Family Foundation
Patricia Artigas and Lucas Etchegaray
Christine W. Hobbie and Neil F. Brander
Marianne Mitosinka
Everett and Gladys Spector
Warwick P. Atkins
Deanna and Edward Hong
Alice Claire S. Montgomery Trust
Richard K. and Harriet M. Squire
Auxilio, Inc.
Sister Julia Huiskamp
Randy and Norma Moore
The Stack Foundation
Edith Baldinger Charitable Lead Annuity Trust
Anne Humes
William F. and Mary Sue Morrill
Eugene and Marilyn Stein
The Roy A. Hunt Foundation
Terri Murray
Antonia Stolper and Robert Fertik
M. David and Nancy Hyman
Robert A. and Mary O. Naftzger
Patsi and Eric Sumner
I Do Foundation
Carol R. Sundberg
Islamic Society of North America
Samuel C. Newbury and Janice L. Myers-Newbury
Jaffe Family Foundation
The Nielsen Company
Alan J. Talbert
William and Amy Jahn
NRG Systems
Ernest Ten Eyck and Dorothy E. Walker
Jaquith Family Foundation
Martha Nussbaum
Bernd Thalmann
Peter Jennings Foundation
Eugene M. Ohr and Catherine Kim
Caroline Blanton Thayer Charitable Trust
James H. Julien
Vivian and Paul Olum Foundation
Michelle Thomson
Mildred June Fund
Mark F. and Robin Opel
Todd Tibbetts
Michael Kass and Kate Hartley
Oxfam Australia
Yonina Tova
Oxfam Hong Kong
Sherman B. and Patricia G. Carll
Carl Kawaja and Gwendolyn Holcombe Foundation
Michael E. Tubbs
Wayne Paglieri and Elizabeth Clarke
Sharon Carter
Gene R. Ulrich
Avinash Kaza
Peter and Alison Palmer
John C. Cawley and Christine Marshall
Elsie P. van Buren
Virginia Patterson
Fay Chandler
Sylvia Keane, In memory of George and Elsie Reeves
Anne and Mark Veldman
Sunil Paul
Susan Clare and Peter D. Parker
Charles and Angeliki V. Keil
Philippe and Katherine Villers
Christine Pendzich and Sam Behrends
Steven F. Cohn
Nannerl O. and Robert O. Keohane
Paul E. and Betsy A. Von Kuster
Pezeshki-Bryer Fund
Marjorie T. and William R. Coleman
Susan Kinzie
Charles Walsh
Kate Phillips and Mike Ross
Collegiate Reformed Protestant Dutch Church
John and Cornelia Kittredge
Estate of Elizabeth M. Wenger
Allen Pierce
Dr. Ray B. Knapp
David Wengert
Columbia Foundation
Welling T. Pope
Lisa and Victor Kohn
Peter and Linda Werner
Communication Automation Corporation
Putnam Investments Foundation
Ann V. Kramer
Whitman Family Foundation
Anne B. Corcos
John Queralt
Axel Kramer and Patricia Hallstein
World Resources Institute
Christine Cronin and Mark H. Hurst
Bob Raab
Emily H. Kunreuther
Peter and Mary Wright
Adah R. Davis
The Rands Foundation
Jack and Dorothy Kupferberg Family Foundation
Youths’ Friends Association, Inc.
George W. Divine
Gertrude and Daryl Reagan
Karl and Dian Zeile
James W. and Donna E. Down
Stephanie and Peter Kurzina
Renna Draynel
Tracy Lamblin
David B. Dubard and Deidre M. Giblin
Karen Lantz
Anne Marie Duffy and John O’Callaghan
Lou Lee
Philip and Deborah Edmundson
Sandra and Joseph Lee
Todd Evans
Thomas A. Lehrer
Foundation M
Lew and Laura Leibowitz
Francis Family Foundation
Ruth Lepson
David Fraser and Jo Ann Alber
Dora Freedman Levit Fund for People
Bennett and Kate Freeman
Allison R. Levy
Fullerton Family Foundation
Lon D. and Nancy L. Lewis
Philip and Donna Furse
Lightworker Foundation
Roger and Judith Widmann Josephine C. Wilkinson Charitable Lead Trust Margaret and Matt Winkler
Richard A. Barna and Eileen Maisel Estate of Carl Bassler Bay Branch Foundation Marie Benedix Alan Berro Jodi L. Biskup and Carlos Blanco Dorothy B. Black Serine and Claudia Bonnist John Borders Jr. Bridgemill Foundation James Burr
28
Annual Report 2008 | www.oxfamamerica.org
Elizabeth L. Martin Peter Mayer and Robin Bierstedt
Wendy R. Sherman and Bruce Stokes Jerry Silbert Jamil Simon
Charles Spear Charitable Trust
Frances Sweeney
Reidler Foundation Steven A. Reiss and Mary Mattingly Margaret Renzi Ann Craig Rice Eleanor Richards Charles Rizzo William B. and Sandra B. Rogers Hugh R. and Katherine D. Roome Andra Rose and Joshua Goldstein Corey M. Rosen Max Rosenfeld Foundation Jim and Peg Runnels Sage Publications, Inc.
$5,000–$9,999 Anonymous (47) The A.M. Fund Tim Abbott Philip J. and Rachel E. Abercrombie Dr. S. James and Mary T. Adelstein May Affleck Michael and Pamela Albert Margaret L. Anderson Kenneth S. Ansin Brian Arbogast and Valerie Tarico
Janet Arnold
Cliffrose Fund
Anne Greene
Anne T. Larin
John M. Arthur and Anne Eggebroten
Leigh S. and Ty Cobb
Nick and Marjorie Greville
James D. Leblanc
Peter M. Ascoli
David P. Cohen and Ellen Goodman
Michelle D. Griffin and Thomas Parker
Christopher Lee
The Jean Axelrod Memorial Foundation
Jonathan L. Cohen Foundation
Joseph F. and Marjorie V. Grinnell
Philip Lee
Edgar Bacares
Steven D. Cohen and Elsie Stern
Eric Hahn
Lefort Martin Family Fund
Bagley Wright Family Fund
Brian Cooper and Margueritte Murphy
Clarence Hall
Suzanne Lerner
Gustavo Bamberger and Martha Van Haitsma
William M. and Marie C. Cooper
Collier Hands
Richard I. Lesser
Lois A. Corman
Don W. and Christine R. Harrell
Kenneth and Jeanne Levy-Church
Deborah S. Barber and James J. Hopkins
Cox Family Fund
Peter Hawxhurst
Richard N. Lewis
Rev. Stuart P. Coxhead Jr.
Simon Hay
Louis and Helen Lowenstein
Deidre Coyne
Jeffrey Heil
Davee Foundation
Patricia Henderson
Julia Ludmer-Duberman and Daniel Duberman
Amanda Dawsey and Theodore Bachman
Sue J. Henry
Stephen J. Lynton
Douglas S. and Barbara Barrett
Wallace MacCaffrey
Andrew F. Barth
John R. and Shirley H. Hero
Roslyn Dayan
Bruce H. and Carla B. MacLeod
Gary Belsky
Jeff F. Herring
Delaplaine Foundation, Inc.
Alistair Main
Richard Beman
Neil Heskel and Linda E. Aiken
Emmett J. and Bridget Doerr Jr.
Minna W. Hewes
Carrie and Michael Malcolm
Leora Ben-Ami
D. Kevin Dolan
Joshua Malone
Robert A. Berenson, M.D., and Kathryn W. Berenson
Mark D. Hickey
Marcia and J.P. Dowd
Estate of Evelyn Hickman
John and Mary Manley
Irene Dowdy
George R. Hill
Jonathan Mark and Donna Sakson
Mark and Karen Drazkowski
David W. Hirsch and Gillian K. Fox
Massachusetts Coalition to Save Darfur
Martin J. Dreyfuss
Winnie Holzman and Paul Dooley
Elizabeth A. Mayer
Dina Dublon
John Horan, M.D., and Diane Singer
Virginia S. McCallum
Nikola Duravcevic and Dana Ben-Ari
Virginia Horning
David and Marcia McCracken
Ralph and Mary Dwan
Edith S. Hornor
William S. and Mary Drake McFeely
Marie Edwards
Michael R. and Jean V. Hoyt
John McLaughlin
Mary Owen Borden Foundation
El Dorado Peace and Justice Community
Elizabeth L. Huberman
D. Mead and Barbara August Walker
Charles and Wendy F. Boss
Randolph Huebsch
Measham Family Fund
Peter H. and Cami Pelz Elbow
Boston University
Mark Merritt and Lorena Barrientos
Estate of Howard J. Elgar
Kimberly M. Hult and Robert Pasnau
Patricia S. Bowne
Carol J. Miller and Robert S. Clayman
Robert Else
Jack and Connie Hume
Charles and Kharlene Boxenbaum Fund
Malcolm R. Minasian
Richard Ely and Lynette Tsiang
Sara and David Hunt
Howard Branz and Carol Navsky
The Leo Model Foundation
Priscilla Endicott
Joseph V. Huntington
Dr. Gregory Breen
Heather and Jonathan Ive
Jo Ellen Moore
Epic Systems Corporation
Alexander J. Bridges
Laura Evans
Tatiana and Todd James
Derry Ann Moritz and Charles R. S. Shephard
Margaret W. Bridwell
Nir Eyal, D.Phil.
Bette J. Briggs
Randall Farmer
The Brimstone Fund
Elizabeth D. Fergus
Robert A. and Hester M. Brooks
Barbara Fiorito and Michael Shimkin
June I. Bruskewitz
Judith A. Kaplan Fund of RSF Social Finance
Jody M. Fleischer
Lois Mueller
John Buck and Deborah Butterfield
Ziva Freiman Katz
For Those Born Later
Donald R. Mullen Jr.
Florence V. Burden Foundation
Barbara Katzenberg and Peter Piela
Dr. Nicole Francis
Peter J. and Mary F. Katzenstein
Estate of Carl L. and Alice F. Muller
Elisa Burns, M.D.
Linda Frank
Matt Munson
Samuel H. Burr and Eugenie Doyle
Kaufmann Foundation, Inc.
John S. Friedhoff
Donna T. Myers and Aaron J. Lebovitz
Carter B. Burwell and Christine Sciulli
James C. Kearns
Ronald Fues
Peter and Cornelia Keenan
Thomas Nagel
Marjorie S. Buyers
Rev. David Galletly
Edward and Deena Nahmias
Thomas Byrne Jr. and Margaret W. Byrne
GBL Charitable Foundation
Margaret H. and James E. Kelley Foundation
Estate of Ruth M. Gilbert
Katrina Kelly
Evaleen Neufeld
Estate of Elinor Gilliatt
Ellen Kelman
Kristin Neun and Lee Clarke
Nancy Gillis
Michael A. and Dona Kemp
New Society Fund
Steven L. Glaser
Alexandra King
Gary Nicholson
Spencer Glendon and Lisa Tung
Margot Kittredge
Cynthia Nixon and Christine Marinoni
Donald V. and Marchelle A. Goens
Paul S. Kleppner and Linda Mui
Oak Lodge Foundation
Jackson & Irene Golden 1989 Charitable Trust
Eric K. Kocher
Oak Tree Philanthropic Foundation
David Komar
James E. and Wilda Obey
Louis Goldring
C. Kooijman
Laurel S. and John Gord
Carol H. and Robert D. Krinsky
Raymond C. Offenheiser Jr. and Suzanne Hill
John and Carrie Gordon
Charles and Elka Kuhlman
John Ohly
R. Marcia Gould
Harold and Estelle Kuhn
Eric Oldfield
Goulston & Storrs
Brenda Kurlansik and Edward Walker
Lisa Ornstein
Martin Granger
Jhumpa Lahiri and Albert Vourvoulias
Overbrook Foundation
Jessica J. Barker Jane L. Barney Pedro Barrera
Matthew H. and Natalie Bond Bernstein Sharon and Marc Bickler Big Cat Foundation Mary E. and Michael J. Bills John and Betsy Bloch Alan Bond Pamela Bond
C&S Wholesale Grocers Albert F. Cacozza Jr. and Ann Bushmiller Eleanor S. Campbell Bryanna Carroll Michael and Gina Carter Ogden B. Carter Jr. and Elise T. Carter Timothy Carvell Fred W. Carver, In memory of Nancy Carver Paulla and Richard Catmur The Ceres Foundation, Inc. Diane Lewis Chaney Margaret C. and James W. Chapin
Ralph and M.J. Jerome
Peter Morris
Michael and Karen Jones
Stephen and Victoria Morris
Jones Family Charitable Foundation
Estate of Claire E. Morrison Andrea P. and Gregory V. Moser
Mark Nelkin
Paul Owens
Estate of Thomas D. Gray
www.oxfamamerica.org | Annual Report 2008
29
Janet Fitch Parker
Daniel Sieberg
Malcolm H. Wiener Foundation
Diane Lewis Chaney
Kimberly J. Parker
David E. Simon and Lynn Gordon
Edward J. and Barbara A. Wilson
Eunice Charles
Stephen R. Patton
Sisters of Charity of Nazareth
Timothy S. Wilson
Heather Chisholm-Chait
Joan M. Pepin and Michael J. Woods
Murali and Gouri Sivarajan
Estate of Ada Wing
Bruce Christensen
Allen E. Perrel
Ellin Smalley
Ernest and Roswitha M. Winsor
Howard Christofersen
Catherine Peshkin
Julia Wise and Jeff Kaufman
Susan Clare and Peter D. Parker
Elizabeth I. Peters
Jeffery A. Smisek and Diana L. Strassmann
Iris Witkowsky
Judith P. Clarke
Nicholas and Rita H. Petraglia
Estate of Jeannette F. Smith
Judith Wofsy, M.D.
Deborah L. Clayton
Hermine and Leo Phillipe
Joanne Linda Smith
Robin Wright Fund
Corinne Coen, M.D.
John W. and Patricia R. Pickard
Marion B. Smith
Gail C. Bates Yessne and Peter Yessne
Prof. Farok J. Contractor
John G. Pitcairn Fund
Linda and Steve Sogge
Barbara Young and Eric Weber
Barbara Cook
Peggy Goldberg Pitt and Michael Pitt
Mary L. Solecki and Timothy Wendt
Timothy Porthouse
Carolyn and Andrew Spangler
Bonnie Potter
William C. Spears and Robin MacIlroy
Oxfam Legacy Circle
Dorothy P. Craig
John T. Potts, M.D., and Susanne Potts
Tom and Elizabeth M. Sperr
Lee Cranberg, M.D.
James R. and Margaret G. Power
Scott D. St. Marie and Theresa Lang
Mary S. Prince
Rosalie Stage
Princeton University
Cecilia E. Stanfield
Members of the Legacy Circle ensure the continuation of Oxfam’s work by naming Oxfam as a beneficiary in their will, retirement plan, and life insurance policies, or by planning a life-income gift.
Proudfoot Consulting
Anne Steele
John and Geraldine Cusenza
Judy Steigerwald
Anonymous (411)
Estate of Margaret Purvine
Barbara Dallis
Pzena Family Foundation
William C. Stevens
Helen Ackerson
Judith Dalton
Sally Quinn
Max and Diane Stites
Scott C. Alden
Nita Daluiso
The Renaissance Foundation
Estate of Jane W. Stover
Mark and Michele Aldrich
Vincent Daly
Ritz-Carlton Hotel
William Strawbridge and Meg Wallhagen
Eric Hall Anderson
John and Louise C. Daniels
Sullivan & Cromwell LLP
Margaret L. Anderson
Drucilla J. Roberts, M.D.
Denise D’Anne
Kenneth L. and Jean R. Robinson
P. R. Sundaresan
Hope and Arnold Asrelsky
David B. and Posey Dauphine
B.T. Rocca Jr. Foundation
Olof and Joyce Sundin
Elizabeth Atkins
Fred David and Barbara Kell Strudell
Sidney Sutter
Lyndon and Betty Babcock
Claire J. Rocco
Ann Bemis Day
Stuart Roe
Catherine Syrett
George and Harriet Baldwin
Patricia A. and William D. Dean
Rolo Fund
Richard F. Syron
Richard and Marian Baldy
Kristina L. Dendinger
Sonia Rosenbaum, Ph.D.
Alex C. Templeton
Stephanie Barko
Joan C. Denkler
Rolf W. and Elizabeth Rosenthal
Timothy N. Thornburn
Dick and Gretchen Barsness
Sue Dennis
Eugene Tillman and Bonnie E. Thomson
Virginia Baumgartner
Davy Rosenzweig
Carolyn M. Derr
Julia K. Rowse
John F. Torti
Alice Benson and Kirk Fitch
Sadie Dietz
Peter and Sally Rudoy
Jason Trachewsky
Lorna Bentley
Anthony J. Distefano
Lila E. Trachtenberg and George Handler
Kurt and Catherine Bergel
Anthony P. Sager
Sanford Berman
James A. Douglas and Alexandra Harmon
S. K. Saks John and Virginia B. Sall
Unitarian Universalist Society
Tom and Patty Cory
Jeff and Ann Berner Lucille E. Bernier
John A. Santos
University of Notre Dame, Third World Relief Fund
Alvin Sargent
Alexander Van Berg
Mary Frances Best
Kitt and Heather Sawitsky
Alison Van Dyk
David Blot
Deb Sawyer and Wayne Martinson
Paul and Heather Van Munching
Mike and Cathy Blumenfeld
Rita Schaefer
Wendy Vanden Heuvel
Dorothy Bobolin
Edward Schmidt
Fredrick Vars
Marjorie Boetter
Jennifer Schneck
Judi Berzon
Villanova University
Surya Bolom
Howard L. Schreier
Roger P. and Lusandra Vincent
Daniel Bradford
Schreier Family Foundation
Vital Edge Fund
Phil C. Branch
David Schroeder
Vitale AML Consultants, Inc.
Frieda Brock
Jean F. Schulz
Stanley D. Vyner
Heather Brodhead
James P. Scott
Nancy W. Warwick
Richard and Helen Bulinski
Philip Sears
Wasserman Fund
Frederick P. and Alice E. Bunnell
Iqbal Shamsul
John Weatherley
Charles and Marion Burger
Susan H. Shane
Alan S. and Louise Weil
John and Susan Burns
William L. Shanks
Frederick and Emily Weitz
Kenneth H. Burrows
Darian and Allen Shapiro
David Wendler
Wallace F. and Therese T. Burton
Todd and Kathleen Shapley-Quinn
Kim S. and Kathleen W. Wennesland
Daniel Butler
James Shaw
Erica Westbrook
Grace W. Buzaljko
Jamie Shaw
Peter and Margaret White
Mary Lou Callahan
Dorinda Shiel
Eugene Whitford
Isabel McNeill Carley
Winthrop A. Short
Frank Wiedner
Stephanie A. Chalmers, D.V.M.
Marian and Arthur Shulman
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Margery Cornwell
Annual Report 2008 | www.oxfamamerica.org
Shannon H. Chamberlin
E. R. Crego David E. and Theresa L. Crowl Barbara Curry
James W. and Donna E. Down Renna Draynel Lionel and Yvaine Duisit Ned Eldredge Nan Elmer Judy Hughes Fair-Spaulding Evelyn B. Feltner Margaret Ferguson Elizabeth J. Finch Barbara Fiorito and Michael Shimkin Ian Firth Linda Fisher Susan H. Fleming W. Fogarty Ella M. Forsyth Jean J. Fox David Fraser and Jo Ann Alber Gloria Gallingane Mary Edda Gamson Earl and Mary Kay Gardner Ruth Garlow Elizabeth Garst Jerome and Maria Gauthier Lawrence H. Geller
David E. and Liza Gerber
Virginia C. Larsen
Pearl Porterfield
Patricia Manion Thompson
Mary A. “Kit” Glover, M.D.
Nancy Latner
Christine Tisdale
Anne C. Godfrey
Miriam Ledyard-Brown
Garry J. Prowe and Jessica A. Whitmore-First
David and Irma Goldknopf
Frances J. Lee-Vandell
Joan Quick
Angelo Tomedi, M.D., and Margaret M. Wolak
Merrill Goldwyn
Judith M. Leggett
Rob Quick
Tod and Lori Turle
John and Carrie Gordon
Ruth Lepson
Todd Quinto and Judith Larsen
Donald D. Wacks
Fred M. Grafton
Helen Lieber
Eloise Rand
Lex Wadelski
Andrew H. Grange and Maureen Murphy
Jean Lister
Nancy Ridgeway
Donna J. Wainwright
Lucretia W. Grindle
Judith M. Lorimer
Barbara Rimbach
Mary G. Waldo
Edward D. and Brita B. Grover
Jane W. Lusk
Tamar J. Rivers
Bettine and Lawrence Wallin
Jana Gunnell
Jessie Lynn and Wendy Withrow
Carol Roberts
Barbara Joy Walsh
Donna Gushen
Kathleen Lynn and Ben J. Nathanson
F. David and Helen E. Roberts
Richard F. Watt
Hope Rogers Haff
M. J. Maccardini
Thomas R. Robertson
Carolyn A. Webb and David G. Bortz
John B. Haney, M.D., and Diane D. Haney
Michael F. MacLeod
Ed Robichaud
Muriel McAvoy Weissman
Patricia L. Mall
Peggy Robinson
Robert L. Weissman
John D. and Barbara Harcketts
Joann Martin
Christina and David Romer
Jean Werts
John and Ethel Hardy
Jean D. Maryborn
Erwin Rose
Barbara Westall
Richard and Lonna Harkrader
Sandra and David Matteson
Paul L. and Marion J. Ross
Alice Reuben Weston
Mary Ann Harman
Don Mayer
Lisa Sawyer
Michael and Judy White
Isabella Harty-Hugues
Jean M. McCarroll
Louise Schmid
Barbara J. Winne
Peter Hawxhurst
Mark D. McClees
Rose R. Schmidt
Morton D. Winsberg
Heartwind
Sarah McCoy
Joan Schmitz
Mary H. Winslow
Randy B. Hecht
Jeannie McCready
Betty Scholten
William M. Wippold
Mary Alice Keating Heiger
Alice McGrath
Susan Schrenzel
Arthur Wortman
June E. Heilman
Sheila McIvor
Charles Schroeder
The Rev. Dr. and Mrs. Douglas P. Wright
Charles Nichols Henderson
Janet A. McKinley and George A. Miller
James P. Scott
Charleen A. Young
Nancy Henley
James C. and Roberta McLaughlin
Marian and William Sengel
Violet Young
Peter C. Hereld
Betsy and Tom Melvin
Marian Shaw
Julie Zale
Edward S. and Mary W. Herman
B. Meshke
Patricia Sheely
Dewey K. Ziegler, M.D.
Ruth Highberger
Bruce and Mary Metcalf
Leonard L. Shenkan
Marquita K. Hill and John C. Hassler
Emily Meyer
Elbis A. Shoales, M.D.
Lisa Hoffmeyer
Ellen E. Miller
Paul A. Shurin, M.D.
Mack P. and Margaret H. Holt
Jean L. Miller
Carol Sicherman
Mary Barnard Horne
Rebecca A. Mills
Susi Silber
Marjorie Howard-Jones
Riaz and Lily Moledina
Jerry Silbert
E. Rae Hudspeth, M.D.
Susan Mondon
Gerry C. Silverstein
Janet B. Humphrey
Jean Muirhead
Joan A. Sivadon
Robert J. Hutcheson, Ph.D.
Donna B. Mummery
Christine Sleeter
David J. and Arlene F. Iacono
Peter and Zibby Munson
Gerry Sligar
Marjean Ingalls
Francis T. and Alice A. Murray
Rev. Margaret Treadway Sloan
James H. Julien
Leila Mustachi
Linda L. and Jackson Smith
Sylvia Juran
John and Darlyne Neff
Deborah Sodt
Ruth Gannett Kahn
Neal L. Nix
Wendy Power Spielmann
Ken Kaiserman
Gary Noguera
Vergie G. Spiker
Anil Kapur
Craney “Connie” Ogata
Arnold Sprague
Mary Karren
Tamaki Ogata
Stanley R. Stangren
Ronald Kastner, M.D.
Sara S. Osborne
Karin Stanley
Evan Kavanagh
John Osner
James Stauffer
Karen J. Keefer Fund
Margaret M. O’Toole
Jeanne Steig
Dorothy Kelleher
Kathleen Walsh Packard
Evelyn Stern
Sirid-Aimee Kellermann
Patricia N. Page
Jean Stoenner
John R. and Ruth M. Kelly
Edith L. Palazzo
Sidney N. and Marcia M. Stone
Chelsea Kesselheim
Margaret P. Parker
Lee and Byron Stookey
Clare Kirby
Jewel Payne
Nancy and Bill Strong
David L. and Marilyn M. Kirk
Perry Pedersen
Gaby Stuart
Dr. Ray B. Knapp
Leonard Pellettiri
John Koehler
James W. and Margaret H. Perkins
J. Mayone Stycos and Maria Nowakowska Stycos
Emma Jayne Kretlow
Frank and Barbara Pespisa
M. Kay Kribs
John W. Pfeiffer
Stephanie and Peter Kurzina
Mike and Katie Place
Cliff Landesman
Pogge Tong Foundation
Patricia Sullivan Marcia A. Summers Lee E. and Claudia J. Taylor Beatrice E. Thompson Char Kalsow Thompson
For more information about joining Oxfam’s Legacy Circle, please contact Steve Maughan at (800) 77- OXFAM ext. 2723 or smaughn@oxfamamerica.org.
Little things add up Every gift we receive is an act of generosity and faith. We strive to be ever-better stewards of your donations. This year we investigated a number of cost-saving measures for the annual report. By cutting four pages and printing on lighter paper, we saved 39 cents on every annual report we printed this year. We can cut costs further by reducing print quantities in future years. If you’d prefer to receive an electronic version of the annual report rather than the print version, please email us at donorinfo@oxfamamerica.org.
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31
Working together to end poverty and injustice Forty percent of the people on our planet—more than 2.5 billion—now live in poverty, struggling to survive on less than $2 a day. Oxfam America is an international relief and development organization working to change that. Together with individuals and local groups in more than 100 countries, Oxfam saves lives, helps people overcome poverty, and fights for social justice. To join our efforts or learn more, go to www.oxfamamerica.org. Photo and illustration credits: Atul Loke (cover, pp11, 32–inside back cover), Abbie Trayler-Smith (inside front cover–p1), Isabelle Lesser (p5), Sarah Livingston (p6), Brett Eloff (p7), Luis Galdámez (p9), D. A. Ekanayaka (p10), Liliana Rodriguez (p12), Ng Swan Ti (p14), Nabil Elderkin (p15), Rebecca Blackwell (p17), Percy Ramirez (p18), iStockphoto (p19).
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Annual Report 2008 | www.oxfamamerica.org
www.oxfamamerica.org | Annual Report 2008 cvriii
Local fishermen tend to their nets as twilight deepens on a beach in Tamil Nadu, India. What is now a peaceful shore was once a scene of terrible destruction, when the Indian Ocean tsunami made landfall in December 2004. Poor people living in vulnerable coastal areas like Tamil Nadu were hardest hit. Oxfam helped more than two million survivors recover from the disaster. It was our biggest humanitarian effort ever—a response that took four years to complete, drawing to a close in 2008. As we worked, we asked questions: What kinds of aid programs are most empowering to women? How can we help survivors take steps out of poverty? What would help these communities become safer and more resilient to future shocks? Local researchers fanned out across coastal India and Sri Lanka in search of ways we could make aid programs more effective, more sustainable, more responsive to community needs. The research had a host of practical outcomes, like helping Sri Lankan women once considered among the poorest of the poor double their incomes, and bringing about the release of more than a million dollars in government funds for shelter repairs in India. At its heart was a commitment to strengthening and empowering local communities and partner organizations. “At the end of the day, this is their home, their disaster, their rights, their future,” says Russell Miles, tsunami program director. “As humanitarian agencies, we need to take care that the ownership of the recovery process is theirs as well.”
Working together to end poverty and injustice
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Environmental savings 57 trees preserved
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2,661 lbs of air emissions not generated
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3 barrels of crude oil unused
Oxfam America employees are represented by Unite Here, Local 33 (Boston) and Service Employees Interational Union, Local 500 (Washington, DC).