UNIT 1 OUR BODY 1.- What are you going to study 2.-Find the words. You can use your dictionary or a computer. MAIN LANGUAGE Mammal
Viviparous
Land animal
omnivore
Vertebrate
Head
Trunk
Limb
Genitals
Vagina
Penis
Testicles
Nutrition
Interaction
Reproduction
Gestation
Childhood
Adolescence
Adulthood
Old age
Hearing
Sight
Smell
Taste
Touch
1.1 WHAT TYPE OF LIVING BEINGS ARE WE? 1.2 THE SHAPE OF OUR BODY. 1.3 THE THREE VITAL FUNCTIONS. 1,4 THE STAGES OF LIFE. 1.5 THE FIVE SENSES.
UNIT 1 OUR BODY 1.1– WHAT TYPE OF LIVING BEINGS ARE WE? Human beings are animals. We have a lot in common with other animals. We can’t make our own food. We feed on other animals and plants. We have got sense organs and we can move from one place to another.
What type of animals are we?
Humans are mammals: when a baby is born, if feeds on milk from its mother.
We are viviparous animals: human mothers give birth from the mother’s womb.
We are land animals: we breathe oxygen and live on dry land.
We are omnivores: we feed on animals and plants.
We are vertebrates: we have an internal skeleton with a spinal column.
Human beings are: mammals, viviparous, land animals, omnivores and vertebrates.
1.2 THE SHAPE OF OUR BODY. Our body is made up of three main parts: the head, the trunk and the limbs.
Our head is big, and inside is the brain.
Our trunk is flexible.
Our limbs are long and flexible.
1.3 THE THREE VITAL FUNCTIONS. Human beings have got the three vital functions: Nutrition. Interaction. Reproduction.
NUTRITION They are all organic functions that convert food to get energy for the body.
The digestive system helps the body to get the nutrients it needs.
The respiratory system takes oxygen from the air.
The circulatory system moves blood around our bodies.
The urinary system removes waste substances.
INTERACTION Humans can feel what is happening inside and outside their bodies and react.
The sense organs receive information from inside and outside our bodies.
The brain and nerves recognize all the information from our senses. The brain then tells the body how to react.
Muscles and bones carry out the brain’s commands and give us movement.
REPRODUCTION Human beings have got reproductive organs to produce babies. Men have got male reproductive organs (penis, testicles…). Women have got female reproductive organs (vagina, uterus, ovaries…). A baby develops inside a woman’s body (mother’s womb). The woman gives birth to the baby.
1.4 THE STAGES OF LIFE. Humans change during their lives. GESTATION: Our body begins to grow and develop during the nine months of gestation. It ends when we are born. CHILDHOOD: It is the first twelve years of a human’s life. We learn to walk, talk and control our bodies. ADOLESCENCE: It starts about thirteen to nineteen. Our body finishes growing but we continue to learn. ADULTHOOD: It lasts from twenty until about sixty-five years old. We usually start a family and go to work. OLD AGE: It starts at about sixty-five years old. Our bodies and minds start to deteriorate and at the end of this stage, we die.
STAGES OF LIFE: Gestation, childhood, adolescence, adulthood and old age.
1.5 THE FIVE SENSES People have five senses: sight, smell, taste, hearing and touch.
SIGHT: We see with our eyes. We use our eyes to see. They give us important information. We use them to see colours, size, shape, position and distance. We use some parts of the eye to see. Other parts are for protection. Parts to see: cornea, pupil, iris, lens, sclera, retina and optic nerve. Parts for protection: eyelids, eyelashes and eyebrows.
SMELL: We smell with our nose. We use our nose to smell. We can distinguish more than 10.000 different smells. Some animals have a stronger sense of smell than people. Smells are in the air we breathe. Nerves inside the nose take messages to the brain. Brain tells what we are smelling.
TASTE: We taste with our tongue. The tongue is covered with about 10.000 very tiny bumps called taste buds. Taste buds on different parts of the tongue taste different things: sweet, sour, salty or bitter. The brain tells what are you tasting.
HEARING: We hear with our ears. Sounds go into my ears. Inside my ear, sounds hit an eardrum. Nerves tell my brain about the sound. My beain tells me what I am hearing. There are three parts to the ear:
the outer ear.
the middle ear.
the inner ear.
TOUCH: We touch and feel with our skin. Nerve endings in the skin send messages to the brain that tell us about what we are touching, such as whether it is warm, hot or cold; painful, soft, prickly, rough or sticky. Some parts of your skin are more sensitive to touch than others, for example your fingertips and lips.