Urban Injector

D E S I G N

DI VYAKAPURI A, MAL I KAS I NGH, PAL AKGADODI A, RONAKHI NGARH) URBANI NJ E CT OR_(

U R B A N

URBAN I NJECTOR

URBAN INJECTOR

Designed and Edited in 2011 by(Students of NMIMS Balwant Sheth School Of Architecture) Divya Kapuria Malika Singh Palak Gadodia Ronak Hingarh Project GuideAr.Athrey Chhaya Coverpage Photograph - Irla Storm water drainage flowing through Juhu with the pumping station at the end before merging with the Sea. All rights. no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, elctronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any other information storage and retrieval system prior permission in writing from the publisher.

4

Introduction

An urban interface could be described as tool, to help understand the inter relationships between designed and emergent systems in cities. The interface is a physical or notional boundary where two urban systems would interact to produce a cause and effect relationship. For instance, the presence of a beach would lead to the mushrooming of hotels in the vicinity, the presence of colleges and schools would lead to increased congestion and trigger a demand for open spaces, and so on. In most cases urban systems resolve the chaos within themselves however sensitively designed interventions can tackle such issues effectively. A burgeoning economy and population inevitably lead to increased pressure on the urban systems and rise in urban conflicts. The main aim of the project was a seamless resolution of the existing tension in the urban fabric.

The first task of the project was identification of such varied interfaces in Juhu, a suburban neighborhood in Vile Parle. The interface and its effect on the human psyche, society and surrounding environment had to be studied and analyzed carefully in order to propose a plan for urban renewal.

Each proposal involved selecting an appropriate architectural language, program, scale and technology to effectively tackle the task of creating an improved urban environment.

5

URBAN INJECTOR

Contents

6

1

Introduction___________________1

2

Juhu Study_____________________5

3

Research and Site Study________24

4

Response_____________________46

5

Interface______________________54

a. Project Brief b. Urban Injector

a. Figure Ground b. Demographu_permanent c. Demography_trancient d. Landuse_Institute e. Landuse_Housing f. Nodal attractors g. Landuse_Plan h. Connection of nodes i. Sections throught nallah

a. Newspaper articles b. Desilting and Trimming c. Floodgates d. Site Study e. Site Activities f. Mariculture

a. First Site response b. Process Models

a. Programmatic distribution b. Detail plans c. Final model

6

Conclusion____________________62

7

Bibliography__________________64

Project Brief

Urban Injector Our aim in this project was to study the current urban site conditions of the nallah and its adjoining spaces and propose an intervention to either enhance or change the existing urban context.

As a starting point, we observed the nallah as a connector and facilitator of various nodes, junctions and programs. Based on this we added or “injected� new programs to make use of and enhance the nallah.

For example taking up Educational institutes (N.M.I.M.S, Krivia, Ecole modiale, ritumbhara etc..) and providing them with continuous breakout spaces for interactions/ exhibition/ theatre/ and many more community spaces or common interaction ground (which otherwise lacks in J.V.P.D scheme) The current vehicular density pattern and influx of people into JVPD scheme suggests an ever increasing number of vehicles on road that cause congestion to the main artery roads. Hence along with the breakout zones for the institutes, we provide new Mode of transport system - cycling tracks for all kinds of users.

- boat system throughout the nallah as well as to this part of the city.

The insert extends all the way to the kohliwada village providing them with a new designated market space at a much larger scale to meet their growing needs. Also space is provided for the local fishermen to catch, segregate and process the fish before exporting or selling the fish off in the main market.

The modulation of the nallah itself towards the end, (approaching the Arabian sea) allows us to provide the city with space to breed and catch fish (Mariculture).

Plenty of open pockets in our intervention provide a scope for future insertion of various new programs as per site requirements.

Adding these programs towards end generates lot of new activites which increasethe use of our insert in various ways.

7

URBAN INJECTOR

8

Juhu Study

JUHU STUDY Juhu is a suburban region in Ville Parle, Mumbai. Towards its west is the Arabian Sea across which is the famous Juhu Beach. This urban township has attracted people. Over the period of years, the ever increasing population has caused to deplete the open spaces.

Following studies have been made to understand the nature, density and the population of this urban area.

From these studies various conclusions can be drawn.

One of the conclusions led to “urban injector�.

9

A

1

2

3

4

5

N

10

B

C

D

E

JUHU STUDIO 1.1 FIGURE GROUND_BUILT MASS AND OPEN SPACES

A2

A3

A4

A5

B1

B2

B3

B4

B5

C1

C2

C3

03.6% LAND OCCUPIED LAND AREA = 0.140 sq.km LAND BUILT= 0.026 sq.km UPON

18.6%

LAND OCCUPIED

LAND AREA = 0.070 sq.km LAND BUILT= 0.013 sq.km UPON

18.6% LAND OCCUPIED LAND AREA = 0.030 sq.km LAND BUILT= 0.003 sq.km UPON

10.0%

LAND OCCUPIED

LAND AREA = 0.000 sq.km LAND BUILT= 0.000 sq.km UPON

00.0% LAND OCCUPIED LAND AREA = 0.250 sq.km LAND BUILT= 0.036 sq.km UPON

14.4%

LAND OCCUPIED

LAND AREA = 0.250 sq.km LAND BUILT= 0.043 sq.km UPON

17.2%

LAND OCCUPIED

LAND AREA = 0.250 sq.km LAND BUILT= 0.050 sq.km UPON

20.0%

LAND OCCUPIED

LAND AREA = 0.250 sq.km LAND BUILT= 0.043 sq.km UPON

17.2%

LAND OCCUPIED

LAND AREA = 0.250 sq.km LAND BUILT= 0.027 sq.km UPON

10.8%

LAND OCCUPIED

LAND AREA = 0.250 sq.km LAND BUILT= 0.016 sq.km UPON

06.4% LAND OCCUPIED LAND AREA = 0.250 sq.km LAND BUILT= 0.045 sq.km UPON

18.0%

LAND OCCUPIED

LAND AREA = 0.250 sq.km LAND BUILT= 0.075 sq.km UPON

30.0% LAND OCCUPIED

C4

C5

D1

D2

D3

D4

D5

E1

E2

E3

E4

E5

JUHU

A1

LAND AREA = 0.220 sq.km LAND BUILT= 0.008 sq.km UPON

LAND AREA = 0.220 sq.km LAND BUILT= 0.071 sq.km UPON

28.4% LAND OCCUPIED LAND AREA = 0.220 sq.km LAND BUILT= 0.011 sq.km UPON

04.4% LAND OCCUPIED LAND AREA = 0.220 sq.km LAND BUILT= 0.061 sq.km UPON

24.4% LAND OCCUPIED LAND AREA = 0.220 sq.km LAND BUILT= 0.032 sq.km UPON

12.8% LAND OCCUPIED LAND AREA = 0.220 sq.km LAND BUILT= 0.053 sq.km UPON

21.2% LAND OCCUPIED LAND AREA = 0.220 sq.km LAND BUILT= 0.074 sq.km UPON

29.6% LAND OCCUPIED LAND AREA = 0.220 sq.km LAND BUILT= 0.038 sq.km UPON

15.2% LAND OCCUPIED LAND AREA = 0.220 sq.km LAND BUILT= 0.050 sq.km UPON

20.0% LAND OCCUPIED LAND AREA = 0.220 sq.km LAND BUILT= 0.048 sq.km UPON

19.2% LAND OCCUPIED LAND AREA = 0.220 sq.km LAND BUILT= 0.051 sq.km UPON

20.4% LAND OCCUPIED LAND AREA = 0.220 sq.km LAND BUILT= 0.090 sq.km UPON

36.0% LAND OCCUPIED LAND AREA = 0.220 sq.km LAND BUILT= 0.057 sq.km UPON

22.8% LAND OCCUPIED LAND AREA = 5.45 sq.km LAND BUILT= 1.10 sq.km UPON

20.1% LAND OCCUPIED 11

JUHU KOLIWADA Kolis are fishing community, settled near the beach.

The kolis are a very self sustained community, as all the occupational requirements are met in the community itself. This is the main reason for the pattern in the koliwada to be so dense.

Gilbert hill h thus restr clusters of populated re builders pe pattern of d

JUHU CIRCLE

Existence of old residential buildings from the town-planning scheme alongwith newer high-rise apartments on other ends creates varying densities. this is in contrast to the relatively open patches around other ends for airport and military purposes which completes the density pattern.

JU

Close proxi northern these roa existing on e

JVPD Town Planning Scheme: with a view to provide housing stock to the city after independence, plotted developments like Juhu vile parle development scheme were planned. coperative socities and bungalows provided the necessary densities planned by the city authorities.

The City as a commercially engineered phenomena: redevelopment schemes in old buildings with higher FSI created apartments out of bungalows. the entire region underwent the same trend due to higher land values within existing city limits.

Slums

Service provision: the large number of educational instit within the site alongwith service provision to the existi bungalows and high-end residential apartments all year r attracts and keeps intact the inhabitants within these slu

JUHU TARA RD The mixed pattern: hotel ventures capturing the beach-front came up along the road making it a strip of leisure and celebration, along with older existing colonial bungalows and housing societies. Recent redevelopments of these properties has created apartments, to create the existing pattern.

12

Proximity automa around around th

Old Hous and redeve apartme

GILBERT HILL

JUHU STUDIO 2.1 DEMOGRAPHY_ PERMANENT

has been declared as a National Geological Monument ricting development in that area. Due to this reason, f slums developed around the hill, making it a densely egion. The government authorities have recently given ermission to build skyscrapers near the hill. Thus the density around the hill changes from a denser one to a sparser one.

UHU-ANDHERI LINK ROAD

imity to the road networks connecting the city to the suburbs leads to high densities automatically along ads while older gated communities as well as slums empty plots around the region add to variations in the pattern.

100 25 200

0 500

300

tutes ing round ums.

VILE PARLE STATION

y Phenomenon: Daily access and footfalls to the station atically created viable zones for exchange and trading d the station. This is in accordance with old residences he station, which prompted the station to come up in the first place. sing Existence: The existence and survival of east Indian d Christian communities as also the simultaneous elopment of bungalows and gaothans into residential ents creates overloaded streets and chaotic patterns on habitation densities.

N

13

Dichotomy: the scheme has integrated many edu institutes within the proximity of the residence, thu duality of programs is seen in this area

The shoreline: Juhu beach is conducive to a series of Luxury hotels due to the onshore breeze acting as a major attraction.

The beach, which more or less seems deserted throughout weekdays, tends to get very densely occupied on weekends

Hete main man hou comme amalga bu

14

JUHU STUDIO 2.2 DEMOGRAPHY_ TRANSIENT

Mixed pattern: there has been a merger of informal and formal sectors in a dense residential space which is gradually blurring the distinction between public and private zones

ucational us a

erogeneous character: the connector to the station has ny colonies created either by using societies, industrial and ercial concerns resulting in an amation of industrial workers, usiness communities and the working sectors

Feeder: a highly dense market area intercedes providing a feeder to the residential and educational zones

50

WORKERS

50 abv

100 HOSPITALS 100 abv

200

TRAVELLERS

LEGEND

200 abv

100

HOSTELS

100 abv

500

N STUDENTS

500 abv

15

16

JUHU STUDIO 3.4 LANDUSE _ INSTITUTIONS 2500 4000 4000

1500 1000 600

600 1050 4500

4000

3000

2500

650

1500 500 3500

TOTAL NO. OF STUDENTS=71626 PRIVATE PRIMARY=236

1000

PRIVATE SECONDARY=31150

4500

PRIVATE COLLEGE=32140

1300

PUBLIC PRIMARY=3600

1160

PUBLIC SECONDARY=2400 PUBLIC COLLEGE=2100

8000

10030

138 700 98 600 2400 1200

PRIVATE-PRIMARY PRIVATE-SECONDARY PRIVATE-HIGHER EDUCATION PUBLIC PRIMARY PUBLIC SECONDARY PUBLIC-HIGHER EDUCATION

N

PRIVATE INSTITUTES

17

18

15,300 sq. m.

JUHU STUDIO 3.2 LANDUSE_ HOUSING

25,400 sq. m.

1,00,350 sq. m.

17,130 sq. m.

9,140 sq. m.

4,450 sq. m.

9,320 sq. m.

30,600 sq. m.

TOTAL AREA OF GAOTHAN = 89150 sq.m.

1.42%

29,100 sq. m.

TOTAL AREA OF SLUMS = 2,14,070 sq.m.

3.4%

3,150 sq. m.

TOTAL AREA OF JVPD SCHEME= 7,46,200 sq.m.

11.93% 7,46,200 sq. m.

TOTAL AREA OF COLONIES = 49,770 sq.m.

0.79% 19,300 sq. m.

10,700 sq. m.

GAOTHAN SLUMS

89,280 sq. m.

15,970 sq. m.

JVPD SCHEME COLONY

N

19

20

JUHU STUDIO NODAL ATTRACTORS

Station

12.00am-2.00am

10.00pm-12.00am

8.00pm-10.00pm

6.00pm-8.00pm

4.00pm-6.00pm

2.00pm-4.00pm

12.00am-2.00pm

10.00am-12.00pm

8.00am-10.00am

STATION

SVKM’s INSTITUTES

BEACH

6.00am-8.00am

STATION/INSTITUE/BEACH

EMPLOYEES

STUDENTS

MITHIBAI

MORNING

STUDENT

JUHU BEACH

YOGA OLD AGE

AFTERNOON

VENDORS

PROFESSOR JOGGERS

COUPLE

/EVENING

STAFF

TOURISTS

SPORTS TOURIST PETS TOURISTS LEISURE SPORTS

HAWKERS MORNING

AFTERNOON

EVENING

N

21

G

G

G

G

G

32

2

16

3

3

355

22

JUHU STUDIO 3.1 LAND USE PLAN

RELIGIOUS 1.21%

COMMERCIAL 3.21

INSTITUTION 6.29%

MIXED USE 7%

OPEN SPACE 9.13%

SLUMS AND GAOTHANS 26.46%

RESIDENTIAL 45.46%

LANDUSE DIVISION

LEGEND: RESIDENTIAL_BUILDING

CHAWLS 4.26%

COMMERCIAL_SHOPS

FLATS 81.86%

RESIDENTIAL_CHAWLS

BUNGALOWS 13.86%

RESIDENTIAL_BUNGALOW

COMMERCIAL_MALLS COMMERCIAL_RESTAURANTS COMMERCIAL_OFFICES

OPEN SPACES_PARKS

PARKING 5%

RECREATION GROUND 14%

UNDER CONSTRUCTION

PARKS 14%

MIXED USE

GARDENS 22%

COMMERCIAL_MARKETS

OPEN SPACES_GARDENS OPEN SPACES_GROUNDS

POLICE 2.06%

FIRE STATION 1.03%

PETROL 3.19%

HOSTELS 5.15%

GOVERNMENT 9.2%

COLLEGES 12.37%

INSITUTE_COLLEGE

MEDICAL 31.39%

OPEN SPACES_PARKING

SCHOOLS 35.05%

OPEN SPACES_RECREATION

INSTITUTE_SCHOOLS INSTITUTE_THEATRE

INSTITUTE_HOSTELS

MALLS 11.42%

MARKETS 2.85%

OFFICES 28.57%

INSTITUTE_POLICE STATION

RESTAURANTS 14.28%

INSTITUTE_FIRE STATION

SHOPS 57.14%

INSTITUTE_POST OFFICE

INSITUTE_HOTELS INSTITUE_MEDICAL

N

INSITUTE_OTHER GOVT BLDG SLUMS + GAOTHAN RELIGIOUS SPACES

23

URBAN INJECTOR

ZONE 4: FISHING VILLAGE (Moragoan) Proposal • Cycling, jogging and walking tracks • Fishing activities for public • Filtration plants • Jetties • Water transport along the nallah • Viewing decks • Fish breeding • Drying • Packaging for export • Fish market • Docks

HOUSING

ZONE 3: RESIDENCES • Meditation • Yoga • Open gym • Street performance • Public art gallery

ZONE 4: HOSPITALS • Extension of ground/park for walking • Activities for patients • Recrreational spaces ZONE 1: INSTITUTION (COLLEGE)

• Mithibai college, nm college and • bhaidas hall • Platforms for students to perform.

• Exhibitions • Debates • Festivals

STATION AREA

24

Connection of Nodes

The idea is to create interacting spaces around the nalla. These spaces are designed as per requirement of the surrounding spaces, connections of programs and providing them with breather spaces. For this purpose the nalla is divided into zones depending upon the programs around. Then depending on the zones created the required programs are inserted.

Also new medium of transport (cycling tracks, ferry and boat system) for releasing the heavy vehicular congestion. This would generates lot of new activities which increase the use of our insert in various ways.

25

SITE SECTION

URBAN INJECTOR

7.

MANGROVES GATES

6.

CLEANING GROUN 5.

MANGROVES SLUMS

4.

NALLA

BUILDINGS BUILDINGS

SLUMS MANGROVES

3.

SLUMS

MANGROVES

BUILDINGS 2.

NALLA 1.

26

GROUND

NA YB DECUDORP

Nallah Sections

ND

7.

6.

5.

4.

3.

2.

1.

27

URBAN INJECTOR

floodgate

nallah

datum

storm water drainage trimming

mangrove 28

desilting

Research and Site Study

The storm water drainage which is referred to as the nalla is currently not maintained and hence cannot be used.

Over the years more and more encroachment has been seen on the edges of the drain.

Various newspaper articles have been found which discuss such disasters.

Case studies have also been taken up to understand the functioning of floodgates.

29

URBAN INJECTOR

75 mm rain could spell trouble [Mumbai] | Times of India, The, Jun 4, 2010 | by Vyas, Sharad MUMBAI: The Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) may be promising Mumbaikars a trouble-free and relatively flood-free monsoon this year, but if its report card on Brimstowad is anything to go by, then many low-lying areas will once again go under water. The Rs 1,200 crore Brimstowad project

from the original capacity of 25 mm to handle rainfall of over 50 mm, but work is way behind schedule. promises to augment the city’s drainage system

commissioning of two water pumping stations at Haji Ali and Irla in Vile Parle will provide relief to catchment area of 1,996 hectares at Juhu and Tardeo, the storm drains may not be ready to handle over 75 mm of rainfall, along with high tide, this monsoon. This is because While this year's

of slow progress on Brimstowad works: since 2005, only 13 of the proposed 62 works have been complete, and 37 other works are in progress and will not be completed this monsoon. "The handling and discharge capacity of storm drains is still not equipped to deal with rainfall of over 75 mm, along with a high tide,'' a senior civic official admitted.

traditional open-type foundations. Here, water is removed from the nullah's surface by building a temporary dam with the help of sand bags. But This slow pace of Brimstowad is due to work being carried out by

because of tidal trends at Mumbai's coastline, it becomes difficult to keep the work area dry for long, say civic engineers.

The good news is that the BMC will now use a new technique to speed up work. The bad news, though, is that Mumbaikars may have to wade through floods this year, too. Describing the new technique, a senior civic official said: "We will work with the help of pile-foundation and this will help us carry on even if there is water in the nullahs.''

The BMC's official line, however, it that is ready to tackle 350 mm to 400 mm of rainfall in a day as a few nullahs have been widened and deepened under the Brimstowad project. But others admit that the existing drains are not ready to handle over 75mm of rainfall during high tide.

the city's drains can discharge about 10% of the annual rainfall in a day. Therefore, curative measures were initiated to widen and deepen the drains and install pumping stations under Typically,

Brimstowad after the July 2005 floods.

Mumbai's 3032.8 km storm water drain network comprises 1,987km of open drains that run along the roads. With more money coming the civic body's way next year, officials expect work to pick up pace. Part of this money will be used to expedite work on two other major pumping stations-Cleveland Bunder and Love Grove at Worli.

Irla nullah: Disaster waiting to happen | DNA : Daily News & Analysis; Mumbai, Mar 08, 2010 | by Siddhaye, Ninad This year's monsoon could spell doom for thousands of Juhu Vile Parle Development (JVPD) Scheme residents. The

Irla nullah, one of city's major storm water drains, which takes away rain water from the JVPD Scheme locality, is allegedly being filled up by a private developer. The development could lead to a major catastrophe as it was the Irla nullah that was responsible for flooding in 30

JVPD scheme during the July 26, 2005 deluge.

Newspaper Arcticles

Krishna Hegde, member of the legislative assembly (MLA), has admitted that the nullah has

been chocked on Gulmohar Cross Road No.1 opposite the Juhu Club Millennium. Hegde told DNA, he has taken up the matter seriously and has written to the municipal commissioner about the same on March 5.

“The Irla nullah has been reduced, altered and covered by Zodiac Developers, who are engaged in construction activity on Gulmohar Cross Road No.1,” states Hegde’s letter to BMC chief Swadhin Kshatriya. “I would like to inform you that we have worked for almost two years to bring relief to people living in Juhu scheme and have also rehabilitated families adjoining the nullah, only to see now that the nullah has been covered by a private developer.”

Hegde has further mentioned in the letter that the 260 slum dwellers staying along the nullah have been rehabilitated with help from Member of Parliament Priya Dutt, who had contested a by-election soon after the July 26, 2005 deluge. “Even an illegal structure

by Trig Securities was demolished to make way for widening of the Irla nullah. Even the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) has allocated a budget for it,” Hegde’s letter reads. “The residents of Vile Parle have written to me and they are totally

against the covering of the nullah. Moreover, the nullah should be widened and cleaned by the BMC before monsoon to prevent flooding in the entire Juhu scheme.”

However, Ramesh Shah, managing director, Zodiac Developers, has an altogether different version to offer. He has claimed that his

widening the nullah from 5-6 metres to about 11-15 metres. “I have all the approvals necessary from the BMC. Moreover, I have rehabilitated all the eligible slum dwellers that were staying on the plot. I am not doing any harm to the nullah; but actually widening it,” Shah told company is in fact

DNA.

But Vishwanath Mada, chief, Juhu Scheme Residents Association (JSRA), rubbishes Shah’s claims. Mada said that there is no question

widening the nullah.

of the developer widening the nullah. “It is hard to believe that the builder is How can the BMC, which has a budget for widening the nullah, ask a private developer to widen it? It is our organisation, which in the past has taken lot of efforts to widen the Irla nullah.”

Cause of havoc in JVPD on 26/7 During the July 26, 2005 deluge, Juhu Vile Parle Development (JVPD) Scheme was the worst hit areas with flood water levels rising to above five feet. The overflowing Irla nullah was the reason for flooding. However, after the deluge, the Juhu Scheme Residents’

a drive to clean the nullah and free it of encroachments. With support from

Association (JSRA) undertook the BMC, the JSRA has been successful to an extent.

The BMC in its budget this year has even proposed to develop a cycle track along Irla nullah by providing a 2-metre wide pathway with paver blocks. A provision of Rs2 crore has been made for the cycle track.

31

URBAN INJECTOR

Locals expose clogging of Juhu nullah| TOI |23rd September,2005|

By Rajiv Sharma/TNN Juhu: In a unique civic initiative, residents of the Juhu Vile Parle Development (JVPD) Scheme

encroachments along the Irla nullah to gather evidence on the clogging of drains, one of the key reasons for heavy flooding during the recent deluge. have

photographed

The entire area of JVPD, one of the best

was under five feet of water post-26/7. maintained in the western suburbs,

Several ground-floor houses were damaged by floodwater and hundreds of cars parked along the roads are still lying in garages awaiting repairs.

Harit Desai, member of the JVPD Association,

followed the route of the nullah and clicked around 30 photographs showing rampant encroachments. “We were shocked to see that shops have been illegally constructed over the nullah on Irla lane, and the along with a few colleagues

municipal corporation is doing nothing about it,’’ he said. The evidence has already been presented to 14 housing societies that are part of the JVPD association.

Following this, the members now plan to meet senior officials of the municipal corporation to present the evidence and demand action against the encroachments.

On their part, the societies have already started

cleaning up several areas of the Irla nullah, which is the main outlet for the sewage lines in Juhu. The sewage lines empty into the nullah near Cooper Hospital, the municipal market and Amitabh Bachchan’s the work of

32

Sewage leak polluting Juhu water Geeta Desai| Tuesday, July 20, 2010 Waste from sewer lines is diverted to storm water drains, from where it seeps into

pipelines that feeds household taps.

After almost a year, worried residents of Juhu have an answer to why they receive contaminated water. It turns out that

all the sewage flows through storm water drains which are expected to flush rain water into the sea. the sewer lines in the area are not functioning and

After the efforts of local corporator Adolf D’Souza who brought the issue to the notice of the Brihanmumbai Municipal

drains carry the additional pressure of sewage along with the rain water and it leaks into water pipelines which run Corporation (BMC), officials have found that the

Seaside villages at nature’s mercy| Nirmal Menon| Friday, July 24, 2009 disaster management took a beating in Mora village near Juhu on Thursday. About 100 The BMC’s tall claims on

residents from the fishing village gheraoed BMC officers near Irla Nullah, after their homes were flooded during the high tide.

The reason for the flooding: recently built

sluice gates, meant to stop the seawater from entering the Juhu Vile Parle Scheme, were shut during the high tide, directing water tow the village.

“We haven’t faced a flood in 10 years. They

bungalow.

It is these points that are choked with dirt, Desai said. “The situation is so bad that the nullah water starts flowing back into the drains during high tide,’’ he said. Since the BMC has failed to

clean the nullahs, the societies have spent Rs 4 lakh on this work.

Local MLA Ashok Jadhav, too, admitted that the nullahs are not cleaned and said this was the main reason for flooding. “In

Newspaper Articles

shut the sluice gates to suit the interests of the rich,” said resident Rajesh Mangela.

The BMC recently announced they had installed 211 pumps at 193 places. However, not

a single pump was in place at Mora village to clear the water on Thursday.

BMC additional municipal commissioner RA

lots of cases, there Rajeev had told Mumbai Mirror on June 11 is illegal reclamation of land around that all eight pumps proposed for the the nullahs, and the municipal corporation has area would be functional by the end not taken any action,’’ he said.

In the wake of 26/7, local residents said the neigh- of June. However, a civic official said on bourhood has also united to make its own arrangements for removal

of

condition of anonymity: “While two pumps garbage. “We hired six have been installed, none were activated.”

trucks and removed nearly 250

truckloads of garbage after the deluge. We also sprayed Juhu corporator Adolf D’Souza said Thursday pesticides on garbage dumps,’’ he said.

Irla nullah widening to resume|Mumbai Mirror Bureau|Wednesday, July 02, 2008 State Revenue Minister Narayan Rane has lifted the stay order that he had passed against demolition of the Trig Securities office on Irla Nullah.

widening the nullah to a halt and led to fears that the drain would overflow in this monsoon too.

The order had brought work on

Armed with Rane’s letter, a delegation of Juhu residents approached the collector’s office on Tuesday seeking resumption of the process of demolition of the office of Trig Securities.

that he was still trying to ascertain the reason for the flooding.

“There are only two possibilities. Either the sluice gates remaining closed, or the high tide was beyond expectations,” he said. He added that BMC engineers have decided to keep the sluice gates open on Friday to check if the doors were the reason for the flood.

In addition to Mora village, the adjacent Sundar Nagar area in Versova also witnessed flooding. Close to 50 mud houses were washed away, leaving residents without food, shelter and power.

Almost a week ago, the residents had approached Rane and appealed that he lift the stay.

Three other slums that existed on the nullah, Shivaji Nagar, Sainath Nagar and Sai Ganesh Nagar had been cleared to widen the nullah. Then why should the Trig Securities office at the mouth of the nullah get a stay? The area faces the threat of getting flooded during the monsoon if the widening work is not completed,” says Ashok Pandit, film-maker and Juhu resident. “

week ago. He wrote that the stay order be revoked and the department concerned look into the matter of demolition.”

Local corporator Adolf D’Souza said authorities are expected to take action on Rane’s order soon.

“Assistant commissioner S M Dhamne of the local ward office has assured immediate action once they receive written orders from the state housing department,” says D’Souza.

“This is a message to common citizens that if they are united, no one can prevent them from stopping illegal activities. Demolition of the Trig Securities office will encourage us,” says Pandit.

Shirley Singh, general secretary, Juhu Scheme Residents’ Association, says, “We, along with MP Priya Dutt and Congress leader Sanjay Nirupam, approached Rane almost a 33

URBAN INJECTOR

29 M A storm drain, storm sewer, storm water drain or drainage well system or simply a drain or drain system is designed to drain excess rain and ground water from paved

The nallah that one notices flowing through Juhu is in fact the storm water drainage1. The drains have been polluted due to the sewage flowing into the drainage. The encroachments at the edge of the drain have added to it. Polythene bags and other non perishable materials are let into the drain causing choking of the system. Finally it meets the Sea at the Juhu beach where it is surrounded by the mangroves and small sand islands.

1

Floodgates are adjustable gates used to control water flow in flood barriers, reservoir, river, stream, or levee systems. They may be designed to set spillway crest heights in dams, to adjust flow rates in sluices and canals, or they may be designed to stop water flow entirely as part of a levee or storm surge system.

MAXIMUM WATER LEVEL RECORDED

2

DATUM WRT TO 0.00M 22 M 0.0m AT KARACHI

SECTION OF THE NALLA

About a km before draining the water into the Sea, a pumping station had been set up just a year ago which regulates and controls the water levels by means of floodgates2. It also has taken up the initiative of cleaning the nullah once every year before monsoon.

Water level recoded at the pumping station 34

27.5 M

streets, parking lots, sidewalks, and roofs.

Filtering of the water by the removal of the non perishable materials especially polythene bags

Storm Water Drainage

Desilting of the water stream takes place in the manner shown above.

Cleaning implies the desilting3 of the water. It also removes the polythene bags through the filters at the pumping station.They also have trimmed4 the edges of the drainage. This cleaning process takes almost 3 months.

Over a period of years, as they fill with mud, silt and plant materials, many ponds and lakes will require desilting. It implies to remove suspended silt from the water of a stream which otherwise would lead to large accumulation of materials that are semi-decomposed leaf litter and other organic debris that tend to reduce oxygen levels in the pond or lake. Such materials often produce acidic conditions, that can then reduce the fertility of the water body.

3

Trimming edges implies the cutting and shaping of the edge of the nalla for the free flow of the water stream.

4

The images show the drainage before desilting and after it.

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URBAN INJECTOR

The width of the drainage is 22m with 5 gates spreasing along this width with piers in between. existing floodgate open, at the pumping station

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Case Study on Floodgates

Thames Barrier Location: Thames river, London Began in 1984 Second largest flexible flood barrier Concept of the rotating gates was devised by Charles Draper but barrier was designed by Rendel, Palmer and Tritton for the Greater London Council and tested at HR Wallingford Ltd. Built across a 520-metre wide stretch of the river, the barrier divides the river into four 61-metre and two about 30 metre navigable spans.

Maeslant Storm Surge Barrier Location: Nieuwe Waterweg Waterway, Port of Rotterdam, Netherlands Built in 1997 Largest Movable flood barrier Takes half an hour to close off the 1000 feet wide channel that it guards.

The walls of the barrier are as heavy as quadruple of Eiffel tower weight and the 35 feet in diameter steel ball joints holding these walls weigh 680 tons.

The flood gates across the openings are circular segments in cross section, and they operate by rotating, raised to allow “underspill� to allow operators to control upstream levels and a complete 180 degree rotation for maintenance. All the gates are hollow and made of steel up to 40 millimetres (1.6 in) thick. The gates fill with water when submerged and empty as they emerge from the river.

About 9 hours before the high tide reaches the barrier a flood defence closure begins with messages to stop river traffic, close subsidiary gates and alert other river users.

Oosterscheldekering(Eastern Scheldt) Location: Schouwen-Duiveland and Noord-Beveland, Netherlands Began in 1986, and since then the tidal height was reduced from 3.40 meters to 3.25 meters.

One of the largest, about 9kms long The dam is manually operated but if human control fails an electronic security system acts as a backup.

The water levels must be at least three metres above regular sea level before the doors can be completely shut.

It takes approximately one hour to close a door.

The road over the dam also made for use.

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URBAN INJECTOR

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Fishing Activities

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URBAN INJECTOR

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Fishing Activities

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URBAN INJECTOR

Fish breeding can be done naturally in marine or ocean water or can be also breeded artificially(mariculture)

export to the main market

sorting and packaging

drying

Fish breeding

natural breeding

artificial breeding

drying

sell at local market sorting and packaging

drying

drying sorting and packaging

Sorted fishes are packed for the purpose of export to larger markets.

The dried fishes are either sold locally or exported.

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Fishing Activities

Before packaging the moisture content from the fishes is needed to be removed and hence drying is necessary.

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URBAN INJECTOR

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Process carried from breeding to exporting the fish is based on the requirements of the Villagers and the promixity from the access

Fishing earlier was the primarey occupation of the Village. Now it has become a secondary or tertiary one..

Fishing Activities

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URBAN INJECTOR

The fishing village is characteristized by the activities carried out within and in and around the village.

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Fishing Activities

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URBAN INJECTOR

The cultivation of marine plants and animals in their natural environment Is a specialized branch of aquaculture involving the cultivation of marine organisms for food and other products in the openocean, an enclosed section of the ocean, or in tanks, ponds or raceways which are filled with seawater.

Methods of cultivating: Algae Seawater algae such as kelp can be farmed in at least two ways. It can be grown around a rope that is anchored to the sea floor so that they do not drift away..

Open ocean Raising marine organisms under controlled conditions in exposed, high-energy ocean environments beyond significant coastal influence,is a relatively new approach to mariculture. Open ocean aquaculture (OOA) Uses cages, nets, or long-line arrays that are moored, towed or float freely.

Sea ranching The Japanese apply a principle based on behavioral conditioning and the migratory nature of certain species. The fishermen raise hatchlings in a closely knitted net in a harbor, sounding an underwater horn before each feeding. When the fish are old enough they are freed from the net to mature in the open sea.

Seawater ponds In seawater pond mariculture, fish are raised in ponds which receive water from the sea. This has the benefit that the nutrition (e.g. microorganisms) present in the seawater can be used. This is a great advantage over traditional fish farms (e.g. sweet water farms) for which the farmers buy feed (which is expensive). Other advantages are that water purification plants may be planted in the ponds to eliminate the buildup of nitrogen, from fecal and other contamination. Also, the ponds can be left unprotected from natural predators, providing another kind of filtering.

Environmental Effects: Mariculture has rapidly expanded over the last two decades due to new technology, improvements in formulated feeds, greater biological understanding of farmed species, increased water quality within closed farm systems, greater demand for seafood products, site expansion and government interest.

As a consequence, mariculture has been subject to some controversy regarding its social and environmental impacts. Commonly identified environmental impacts from marine farms are: 1.

Wastes from cage cultures; 2.

Farm escapees and invasives; 3.

Genetic pollution, disease and parasite transfer; 4.

Habitat modification.

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REFREGERATION

Artificial Drying and Cutting

Articial drying implies drying or dehydrating of fishes through control of temperature and air movement for specific volume of fishes.

TEMPERATURE- the higher the temperature, the quicker the drying. therefore high temperature should be maintains at drying areas.

RELATIVE HUMIDITY- The moisture content of the air is important.The air should have minimum moisture content.

AIR SPEED- To ensure rapid drying there should be constant flow of dry air.

SURFACE AREA AND VOLUME OF THE FISHLarger fishs take longer time to dry.

ARTIFICIAL DRYING

DRIED FISH CUTTING

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URBAN INJECTOR

50

Response

The process undertaken till the final interface through various sketch models is explained ahead.

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URBAN INJECTOR

The proposed cycling tracks aim at connecting institutional and residential nodes, thus providing a new mode of transportation and reducing load on the main artery roads.

The tracks are modulate as per fringe conditions.

Edge conditions near the fishing village: Slums Mangroves Reserved ground

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Arabian Sea Cycling Tracks Jogging Tracks

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Viewing Decks for joggers and cyclers.

Mariculture is a resoviour that breeds salt water fishes.

Fishing activities open to public and the fishermen.

Mariculture

Jogging Tracks

Cycling Tracks

First Site Response

Introducing cycling and jogging tracts along the Nallah, changing paths according to the edge conditions.

Existing market: Very small scale and only for village.

Increasing the production and scale of the market, not only for villagers but also for public Decks

Fish Drying

Market Fish drying done on beach only. Providing better facilities for drying and packaging of fishes.

Encouraging export.

The number of fishing families=50.

Docks The boats in the village at present=50.

The boats docks after fishing from the sea.

Increasing the capacity of boats to=100

Village

Beach

Village and beach connected to attract public from beack to the kohliwada to observe activies and as an entry to the market, incresing the scale and scope of the occupation for fishermen.

Arabian Sea

Extension of existing road till the market and widening the road to improve the connectivity of the markets and village.

Proposal of cleaning plants for the drain at every certain distance and taking precautions for maintaining it. At this node, addition of cleaning and aeration plants (at regular intervals) throughout the Nallah.

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URBAN INJECTOR

Porosity

Fringe conditions

Density Low Porosity

Slums Kohliwada Mangroves

Market Drying

Medium Porosity High Porosity

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Mariculture

Process Model

This model shows the desired response of interaction between the

insert and the site.

Porosities

Comparision in terms of density of public on site and the porosity of insert interwining on site.

Beach Mangroves Market Mariculture

High Porosity

High Desity

Drying Packaging

Medium Porosity

Medium Desity

Slums Gaonthan

Low Desity

Low Porosity

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URBAN INJECTOR

Proposal of Water Transport

Gateway Vashi

Navi Mumbai

Arabian Sea Along with all the fishing activities, water transport is also proposed in the Nallah. It connects all the nodes, i.e. residencial, institutional and hospitals along the entire stretch. In another parallel development, MMRDA plans to develop the coastal waterway system connecting important nodes of the city such as Vashi, Navi Mumbai, and the Gateway of India. The dock can serve as an intermediate halting point for the passing jetties and fishing trawlers. Development of waterways will reduce time and effort of travelling, consequently easing traffic congestion on roadways.

Existing road is widened and extended to connect the beach and market. The market is for local villagers and public. The fishing activities are placed in the order of the process for storing the fishes. The jogging tracks and cycling tracks overlap with the activitities of fish drying and packaging process, giving a visual connection.

Mangroves are a very important part of the eco-system.

They reduce beach erosions and acts as a buffer between fresh water and saline water.

The proposal includes restoration and rejuvenation of mangroves

Beach Kohliwada

Road Extension 56

Market

Process Model

Mariculture

Jetty Docks

Viewing Deck

Fishing Activities

Inland Docks

Jogging Tracks

Internal Water Transport 57

URBAN INJECTOR

58

Interface

The details and programmatic distribution of the Interface designed for the Fishing village are explained further.

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URBAN INJECTOR

60

Interface

61

URBAN INJECTOR

62

Interface

63

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Decks

Mariculture

Mangroves

URBAN INJECTOR

Beach

Market

Docks

Interface

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URBAN INJECTOR

Through the shown analysis and proposal of a new scheme, we see increased footprint for a designated Local market space, restructured and organized docking and fish processing areas for the local fisherman. This will encourage more locals to join and continue their ancestral tradition of fishing. This in-turn will increase the output. To support this increased output we have large market spaces which will benefit the community as a whole.

The fish breeding grounds will encourage more locals to use this

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Sub Topic

insert from all over the city as well.

Collectively, this kind of reorganization and addition of new programs (mariculture, new transport systems-ferry and boats) will allow us to re-look at this entire node as a generator of various activities.

More people will start using this insert for either of the programs (transport system specially). This will provide the required exposure to this forgotten land and help bring the Gothan in foreground.

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URBAN INJECTOR

68

Bibliography

Bibliography Periodicals and Newspapers Articles by Times of India(Mumbai), DNA(Mumbai) and Mumbai Mirror about the condition of the storm water drainage referred to as the Irla Nullah, the flooding in Juhu, the irregular cleaning of the nullah and the proposals for widening and trimming of the same.

Interview of B.K.Dwivedi(Manager of the Pumping Station)-Pratibha Industries Limited Interview of Moragaon villagers.

Case studies-Floodgate Juhu Masterplan from the DP of Mumbai.

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