guage n a l n i a l ™ In p
HOW age your
s here’
to man
2 e Typ s e t e b a i D
Order this book from: PRITCHETT & HULL ASSOCIATES, INC. 3440 OAKCLIFF RD NE STE 110 ATLANTA GA 30340-3079
To contact Pritchett & Hull: write Pritchett & Hull Associates, Inc. 3440 Oakcliff Rd., NE, Suite 110 Atlanta, GA 30340-3079 call 1-800-241-4925
Copyright © 2005 by Pritchett & Hull Associates, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be photocopied, reprinted or otherwise reproduced without written permission from Pritchett & Hull Associates, Inc.
This book is only to help you learn about type 2 diabetes. It does NOT replace your doctor’s advice or treatment.
Published and distributed by: Pritchett & Hull Associates, Inc.
Printed in the U.S.A.
How to check your blood sugar 1
Wash your hands with soap and water. Dry them well.
2
Choose a finger. (With some meters, you can use your arm or thigh).
3
Prick that finger with the
lancet
lancet. On the side is best - it hurts less.
4
Rub your finger until a drop of blood comes out.
5
Put the drop of blood on the test strip.*
2
* Some meters have you do step 6 before step 5. Follow your meter’s instructions.
6
Put the test strip into your meter.*
7
Wipe your finger off with gauze or a cotton ball and hold it for a few minutes.
8
After a few seconds, the meter will show your blood sugar level.
9
Throw the used lancet away in a tightly sealed container. (It’s OK to throw the gauze or cotton ball away in the trash.)
* Some meters have you do step 6 before step 5. Follow your meter’s instructions.
3
Blood sugar goals Your doctor or nurse will tell you what your blood sugar goals should be.
Write your goals here: When
Sample blood sugar goals*
before meals
80-120 mg/dl
1 hour after meals
less than 180 mg/dl
My goals (may be different)
2 hours after meals less than 140 mg/dl at bedtime
4
100-140 mg/dl
* These samples are for adults who have diabetes and are not pregnant.
Daily food amounts Ask your nurse to fill in your numbers. Food group
Your daily calories
Your number of grams
Carbs
Proteins
Fats
5
Meal planning tips ✔ Read food labels and check serving sizes. ✔ Count carbs. ✔ Bake, broil or grill. Don’t fry foods. ✔ Eat every 3-4 hours. ✔ Know how many calories to have each day. ✔ Eat fruit, vegetables and whole grains often.
6
Count carbs To count carbs you have to know: ✔ which foods contain carbs—milk, fruit, grains and starchy vegetables ✔ how many carbs are in a food item
My carb counting plan Breakfast
______
Snack
______
Lunch
______
Snack
______
Dinner
______
Snack
______
Total
______
The more carbs you eat at each meal, the higher your blood sugar level will be after. 7
Read food labels The serving size on the food label and the serving size of
Nutrition Facts Serving Size 1⁄2 cup Servings Per Container 5
your meal plan may
Amount Per Serving Calories 250 Calories from Fat 110
not be the same.
Total Fat 12g Saturated Fat 5g Cholesterol 25mg Sodium 650mg Total Carbohydrate 30g Dietary Fiber 0g Sugars 5g Protein 5g
% Daily Value*
So, compare the number of grams, NOT serving sizes. Watch out! One package may contain 2 or more servings. Before you eat an entire package, check out the serving size.
Vitamin A Calcium
3% • 15% •
19% 25% 9% 28% 10% 0%
Vitamin C Iron
2% 5%
• Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. Your daily values may be higher or lower depending on your calorie needs: Calories 2,000 2,500 Total Fat Less than 65g 80g Sat Fat Less than 20g 25g Cholesterol Less than 300mg 300mg Sodium Less than 2,400mg 2,400mg Total Carbohydrate 300g 375g Dietary Fiber 25g 30g Calories per gram: Fat 9 • Carbohydrates 4
•
Protein 4
Note: One serving (1⁄2 cup) of this product is 2 servings (30g) of carbs!
8
Exercise It is best to exercise about 1– 3 hours after eating.
Talk with your doctor or nurse before you start any exercise program. 9
Where to give your insulin shot Change site with every shot.
10
Foot care ✔ check your feet each day ✔ avoid cutting, scratching or hurting your feet ✔ don’t go barefoot ✔ wear shoes (and socks) that fit well ✔ have your feet checked at each doctor visit
11
Call your doctor if you see any of these: • sores • red, cracked or dry places • ingrown toenails • blisters, cuts or nail fungus Use a mirror to see the bottom of your feet or toes. Or, ask a family member or friend for help.
12
No smoking Smoking is not healthy. Your risk of having other health problems is even greater if you smoke. Quitting may be hard. If so, ask your nurse or doctor how to get help.
13
Reduce stress
14
Call your doctor or nurse • if your blood sugar levels are higher than 300 mg/dl or less than 70 mg/dl • when your blood sugar is low and gets even lower after you eat carbs • if you have high blood sugar often • if you have a hard time seeing • if it hurts to urinate • if you have any loss of feeling or tingling • if you feel like your feet or legs are “on fire” • if you have a sore on your gums or in your mouth
Continued on next page
15
• if you have diarrhea or vomiting that lasts longer than 6 hours • if you have any sign of an infection like: – a sore that hurts to touch – liquid coming from a sore – redness around a sore – a fever over 101°F (38°C) • if you have been sick or have had a fever for a few days and are not getting better
16
How to manage your diabetes ✔ check blood glucose (also called blood sugar) regularly ✔ take insulin and/or oral pills as you were told by your doctor ✔ plan meals ✔ exercise ✔ check feet ✔ quit smoking, if you smoke ✔ reduce stress
1
Resources For more information about your disease, use these: • American Association of Diabetes Educators (800) 338-3633 www.aadenet.org • American Diabetes Association (ADA) (800) 342-2383 www.diabetes.org • American Dietetic Association (800) 877-1600 www.eatright.org • Juvenile Diabetes Foundation International (800) 533-CURE www.jdrf.org • National Institutes of Health www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/diabetes.html
Reviewers: Martha E. Lindsay, RN, CDE Baptist Diabetes Center Knoxville, TN Erin Cooper, RD Talbert Medical Group Corona Del Mar, CA
W
e believe that you have the right to know as much as you can about your health. Our goal is to give you enough facts to get the main points clearly in mind. We do this with medical accuracy, warmth and humor. The result for you: less tension, more healing and a good idea of what to ask your doctor, nurse or others.
C. René Hughes, RN, MS, CV/ANP Lifemasters San Francisco, CA
We also have other health information materials on a variety of topics. Call for a free catalog of product descriptions.
®
Pritchett & Hull Associates, Inc. 3440 Oakcliff Road, NE, Suite 110 Atlanta, GA 30340-3079 1-800-241-4925
HOW
™
here’s
series
Product # 579
ISBN #1-933638-03-6