National Parliamentarian (Vol. 81, No.1)

NP

Volume 81, No. 1 | Fall 2019

National Parliamentarian

Keepers of the Democratic Process

What Was Done, Not What Was Said . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 4 Submit for Print – Putting Your Parliamentary Influence in Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 6 National Association of ParliamentariansŽ 2017-2019 History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 24

Parliamentary Resources at Your Fingertips There is only one place to turn for your parliamentary resources: NAP. Browse our online store for • Robert’s Rules of Order Newly Revised and In Brief – we offer spiral-bound versions not available anywhere else!

• Parliamentary reference cards • Basic information handouts • Script samples • Leadership primers for officers • Credentialing study guides • Teaching resources • And so much more

Check us out today at

www.parliamentarians.org

NP

National Parliamentarian

Volume 81, No. 1 | Fall 2019

Contents 2019-2021 NAP Officers President Darlene T. Allen, PRP Vice President Wanda M. Sims, PRP Secretary Kevin R. Connelly, PRP Treasurer Carrie Dickson, PRP Directors-at-Large Joyce A. Brown Watkins, PRP Adam Hathaway, PRP Carl Nohr, PRP District Director Representatives Larry D. Martin, PRP Robert G. Schuck, RP Parliamentarian Timothy Wynn, PRP

From the Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 President’s Message NAP – Keepers of the Democratic Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 FEATURES What Was Done, Not What Was Said . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 John R. Berg, PRP Submit for Print – Putting Your Parliamentary Influence in Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Karen Watson, PRP Main Motion Flexibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Jonathan M. Jacobs, PRP The New Biography of Henry Martyn Robert . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Leonard M. Young, PRP DEPARTMENTS Test Yourself Are You Present or Absent? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 David Mezzera, PRP Questions & Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Answer Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Legal Advisor Melanye Johnson

NAP Connections

Executive Director Cynthia Launchbaugh

The Practicality of It All . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Beverly Chandler National Association of Parliamentarians® 2017-2019 History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

NAP’s Vision: To provide parliamentary leadership to the world

New Registered Parliamentarians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 New Professional Registered Parliamentarians . . . . . . . . . 33 Silent Gavel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 New Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 www.parliamentarians.org

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National Parliamentarian

®

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NP Submission Guidelines National Parliamentarian generally publishes only original works that have not been published elsewhere. Articles will be edited to conform to The Chicago Manual of Style (17th ed.) and may be edited for content and length. Article text should be submitted in Microsoft Word or rich text format and transmitted via email. Illustrations, photographic prints and high-resolution photos are welcome. Materials submitted will not be returned unless special arrangements are made in advance with the editor.

Contributors must include a completed “Assign and Transfer Copyright” form with their submission, granting NAP the copyright or permission to publish.

Submission Deadlines

Volume 81, No. 2 . . . . . . November 1, 2019 (Winter 2020) Volume 81, No. 3 . . . . . . . . February 1, 2020 (Spring 2020) Volume 81, No. 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . May 1, 2020 (Summer 2020)

Editor

TennieBee Hall npeditor@nap2.org

Assistant Editor

Betty Turnstall, PRP

NP Review Committee

Dana Dickson, RP-R, Chair Ronald Dupart, RP Ferial Bishop, PRP

Parliamentary Research Committee Allison Wallis, PRP Rachel Glanstein, PRP Ann Homer, PRP Timothy Wynn, PRP, Parliamentarian

NATIONAL PARLIAMENTARIAN®

(Registered U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, ISSN 8755-7592) Published quarterly by the National Association of Parliamentarians ©2019 All rights to reproduce or reprint any portion of this publication are reserved, except by written permission of the editor. Opinions expressed herein are not necessarily those endorsed by NAP.

Subscription and change-of-address requests should be directed to NAP at the above address.

Annual subscription: $30 • Single copy: $8

From the Editor

It is an honor to occupy the editor’s desk for National Parliamentarian®. My sincere gratitude is extended to Darlene Allen for this opportunity to serve NAP, and to Ann Iona Warner, who has made the transition from one administration to another comfortable.

I look forward to working with the 2019-2021 National Parliamentarian® team: assistant editor Betty Tunstall, PRP, the NP review team (Dana Dickson, RP-R, chair; Ferial Bishop, PRP; and Ronald Dupart, RP), and the Q&A Parliamentary Research Committee (Alison Wallis, PRP, editor; Ann Homer, PRP, assistant editor; Rachel Glanstein, PRP, consultant; and Timothy Wynn, PRP, parliamentarian).

Please consider sharing your parliamentary wisdom and experience with your fellow members through the written word in National Parliamentarian®.

Guidelines for submitting articles are found on page 2 of this publication.

TennieBee Hall 2

National Parliamentarian • Fall 2019

President’s Message

NAP – Keepers of the Democratic Process

In tandem with the changing seasons, the National Association of Parliamentarians® has undergone its biennial change in administrations.

The 2019-2021 board of directors has been handed the torch and has begun to pursue its goals of providing leadership that is transparent and to continue supporting our members, partners, and potential members by providing efficient educational opportunities while remaining financially solvent. Thank you to the 2017-2019 board of directors for all the work you’ve done in helping NAP to stand on solid ground.

The members of the board of directors are: Darlene T. Allen, PRP – president; Wanda M. Sims, PRP – vice-president; Kevin Connelly, PRP – secretary; Carrie Dickson, PRP – treasurer; Joyce Brown-Watkins, PRP – director-at-large; Adam Hathaway, PRP – director-at-large; Carl Nohr, PRP – director-at-large; Larry D. Martin, PRP – district representative; and Robert Schuck, RP – district representative. Timothy Wynn, PRP, serves as parliamentarian, and Melanye Johnson, JD, serves as legal advisor.

For this biennium we’ve adopted the theme: NAP – The Keepers of the Democratic Process. “What’s a keeper?” you ask. According to the Oxford Online Dictionary, a keeper is a person (such as a protector, guardian, or defender) who manages or cares for something or someone. NAP members work to provide service to organizations, to ensure fairness, and to protect the rights of members while preserving a democratic way of reaching decisions and taking actions. Parliamentarians do this well.

The board members share in their commitment to increase membership and focus on outreach efforts to address member retention. A catchy phrase, “20% more than before,” serves as the numerical reminder of our membership goals. We strive to provide opportunities for each member to “Exercise Your Options for Educational Excellence.” Please visit the NAP website to keep current on what’s happening in education and credentialing.

We’ve renewed our obligation to support our committees. Committee work is where the “rubber meets the road” and serves as the training ground for future leaders.

With proper support and direction, NAP’s committees will serve the organization well by creativity and innovation.

We are looking toward the future. In 2020, NAP will celebrate a milestone – its 90th anniversary. In addition, the 12th edition of Robert’s Rules of Order Newly Revised will be released in 2020 at the National Training Conference in San Antonio, Texas.

It will be a memorable event. Plan to attend.

As succinctly stated by the author and diplomat Bill Richardson, “We cannot accomplish all that we need to do without working together.” There is work to be done to realize NAP’s vision to provide parliamentary leadership to the world. We’ll achieve it with one rap of the gavel at a time.

Darlene T. Allen, PRP NAP President 2019-2021 www.parliamentarians.org

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DONE What Was Said NOT What Was

By John R. Berg, PRP

The basic principle for writing minutes is that they should contain what was done, not what was said (Robert’s Rules of Order Newly Revised (11th ed.) (RONR), p. 468, ll. 16-18). It may occasionally be difficult to distinguish between what was said and what was done, particularly when it was the saying that was done.

Some organizations may choose to have a summary of the debate recorded in the minutes. If members of the organization want to have a summary of the debate in the minutes, they should adopt a rule to that effect, since any established custom that conflicts with a written rule, such as in RONR cited above, falls to the ground when the written rule is cited (RONR, p. 19, ll. 9-15). The advantages of such practice are that time may be saved by not needing to repeat what was already said at the previous meeting, and that members may be more careful what they say, knowing that their remarks will be recorded in the minutes. Disadvantages are that members may be hesitant to speak candidly in debate when all remarks are being recorded, and that the minutes become an official record that may be discoverable in later litigation.

Only the presence of the presiding officer and the secretary must be recorded in the minutes (RONR, p. 468, ll. 33-35), and the presence of a quorum need not be recorded (RONR, p. 348, l. 34 – p. 349, l. 1).

Many organizations by custom or rule prefer to include the full list of those 4

National Parliamentarian • Fall 2019

attending the meeting in the minutes.

For instance, a member may need to justify a tax deduction by proving that he or she really did attend that specific meeting during the Las Vegas Convention.

Announcements are an example of a saying that was done. Which announcements should be included in the minutes? When draft minutes are distributed to the membership, including those who were absent from the meeting, the minutes serve an additional function in communication, and announcements can be relevant. An announcement that the next meeting will be held at an alternate location should appropriately be recorded in the minutes. Announcements that have no relevance after the day of the meeting, such as, “Will the last person out of the building please turn off the lights and lock the door?”, would certainly not need to be recorded in the minutes.

Notices given, such as notice of motions to be made at the next meeting, are actions under parliamentary law and must be recorded in the minutes (RONR,

p. 470, l. 14). Vote counts announced should be recorded in the minutes (RONR, p. 470, ll. 29-33).

If there is a difference between the wording of a motion as recorded by the maker and how it was stated by the chair just before the vote, the latter becomes the official version in the minutes (RONR, p. 44, ll. 19-24).

If the secretary has an audio recording of the meeting, it can be helpful in reviewing the entire meeting after the minutes are drafted just to catch any discrepancies.

“Points of order and appeals, whether sustained or lost, together with the reasons given by the chair for his or her ruling” should be included in the minutes (RONR, p. 470, ll. 15-17).

What about something that could be termed an informal point of order?

Suppose that the president appoints an events committee of three and a member points out that the bylaws require that the events committee have five members. The chair recognizes the error and appoints two more to the committee. In effect that was a point of order with the chair ruling that the point of order was well taken, even though the words “point of order” were never mentioned. If all these cases were recorded in the minutes, the membership might be in for a shock to learn how frequently they occur in many meetings.

Oral reports of officers and committees need not be summarized in the minutes. The complete substance of oral committee reports

(RONR, p. 470, ll. 11-13) need only be recorded in the minutes when the committee reports a recommendation or amendments on a main question referred to it (RONR, p. 525, l. 33 – p. 527, l. 11).

Normally, lengthy documents are not recorded in the minutes unless ordered by the assembly (RONR, p. 471, ll. 13-17), with the exception of a tellers’ report, which must always be entered in full (RONR, p. 418, ll. 26-31). There needs to be a provision for anyone having access to the minutes to have access to those additional documents as well. Suppose a board revised a five-page policy document by striking “fifteen” and inserting “twenty” in the fourteenth paragraph. Having only that motion recorded in the minutes would leave the reader in the dark as to what was really done. While the document as amended need not be included in the minutes, it should be readily available to any reader of the minutes. It could be included in an appendix to the minutes, or if the minutes are available online, in a separate file.

A motion to “dispense with the reading of the minutes” is not a motion to approve the minutes without having them read. They must still be read and approved at a later time. (RONR, p. 474, ll. 8-18). If minutes have been previously distributed, their actual reading may be omitted unless requested by a member, but they must still be approved (RONR, p. 474, ll. 19-23).

John R. Berg, PRP, is currently president of the Washington State Association of Parliamentarians and has served as parliamentarian for a few national organizations. He is also currently recording secretary for a 124-year-old national organization.

www.parliamentarians.org

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Submit for Print

Putting Your Parliamentary Influence in Writing

By Karen Watson, PRP

Embedded in the governing documents of NAP is a mandate to provide parliamentary education to other organizations.

History confirms this. Immediate Past President Jim Jones stressed strong collaborations and partnership with other organizations.1 Newly elected President Darlene Allen plans to focus on these same goals, emphasizing NAP’s mission2 and vision.3 How can every single member of NAP achieve these aspirations and more? With the Submit for Print process!

Using the Submit for Print process, a parliamentarian at any level in NAP can embrace partnering with organizations to meet their needs for parliamentary education. In doing so, the parliamentarian’s potential and influence are increased; credibility is given to the profession; and finally, this exposure can lead to expand the parliamentarian’s business. (Use the acronym ‘NICE’ to remember this concept.)

The process to Submit for Print is as follows: Begin by thinking of potential organizations. Make a list those in partnership with NAP, those in which you hold membership, those that you serve or want to serve as a parliamentarian, or simply ones of general interest to you. Add notes of relevant information about each organization, such as: 1 James Jones, “President’s Message: “Realizing Our Potential Through Partnerships,” National Parliamentarian (NP), Volume 80, No. 2, Winter 2019, pages 3 and 4.

2 “NAP is a society dedicated to educating leaders throughout the world in effective meeting management through the use of parliamentary procedure.” (Emphasis added.)

3 “To provide parliamentary leadership to the world.”

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National Parliamentarian • Fall 2019

• Communication methods. Solely a newsletter? Website? Email blast? All? • ‘Hyperlink’ options. (e.g., Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Instagram, Snapchat, Vine). Are these available in the organization’s electronic communication?

• Copyright policy. (This may be a point of negotiation with the organization.)

For more information, see “Copyright Basics,” Professional Practices in Parliamentary Procedure (a publication of the National Association of Parliamentarians) pages 10 and 11.

• Publication frequency and deadline dates. Weekly? Monthly? Quarterly? etc.

• Submission requirements found in bylaws, standing rules, or procedural manual.

• Editor’s requirements for submission as found in actual newsletter or communication.

Do not avoid submitting for an organization that uses a parliamentary authority other than Robert’s Rules of Order Newly Revised (RONR). This dilemma can be overcome easily by writing about the general principles of parliamentary law or comparing the differences in the parliamentary authority used by the organization and that in RONR. Embrace the opportunity to submit an article for the newsletter of a non-parliamentary organization. Larger academia and commercially oriented organizations give the opportunity to place your writing in the hands of hundreds or thousands of readers! This provides business exposure to a level not usually experienced by members of NAP whose service is limited to local organizations.

After making a list of possible organizations, consider potential topics.

Inquire of the organization’s newsletter editor and/or president concerning their preference of topic. If no preference is given, ideas can be summoned from various sources, including parliamentary materials and even other parliamentarians.

TOPIC SOURCE

POTENTIAL TOPICS

Passion, Interest, Intrigue, Reading

Interest of Committees in Parliamentary Law Biblical Principles Mirrored in Parliamentary Procedure

Favorite Topics

Foundational Principles

Personal Experience

Tellers Report Bloopers, Nominating Speech Guidelines

Common Needs

Understanding Standing Rules, Writing Minutes

Once a topic is chosen, consider how it will be addressed, considering whether the readers will be individuals with basic parliamentary education or those with little or no parliamentary education. For the former, you may want to be detailed, technical, and even esoteric, especially if you write for professionals. This raises www.parliamentarians.org

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the cumulative knowledge of the parliamentary profession. For the latter, the use of parliamentary jargon should be appropriately qualified or avoided. Written material must be concise and understandable.

Writing can be educational, funny, historical, informative, even inspirational.

Write an interview, something to persuade, a prose, or a quiz or game. Consider placing your contact information within your article and/or at the bottom of your submission. For help with writing style, see NAP’s Writing Guidelines on the NAP website.

If you have gotten this far, you have selected an organization to which you can Submit for Print. You’ve written on a topic. All that remains is technical issues.

It is strongly suggested that you create a word document (i.e., Communication Log) to capture and record pertinent correspondence with each organization to which you Submit for Print. Record information such as: • Lead contact’s name, title, cell number, email/snail mail address, fax, address, office hours, etc.

• Submission requirements: deadline, length, format (Word, WordPerfect, Publisher, other), layout, font, style guidelines, and any special notes.

When corresponding with any organization, it is vital to place your contact information on all correspondence. Ask for confirmation of receipt for everything submitted. Place a “tickler” on your calendar to confirm receipt of their ‘receipt of confirmation’.

Plan to submit your article at least a week before the deadline. Print the article.

Proofread it. Proofread it a second time before submitting it. Personal experience has taught me that it is imperative to include on the cover letter the stipulation: “Thank you for accepting my submission. Concerning the possible need for editing, please take liberty to correct any spelling errors. If any changes are needed, for whatever reason, Please Return with advisement.”

Consider whether a disclaimer is needed for the submission. For more information on disclaimers, see Pathways to Proficiency, In My Opinion A Guide to Writing Parliamentary Opinions, National Association of Parliamentarians, Educational Resources Committee, 2007-2009.

Finally, create a Word document named Submissions in which to file copies of all articles you have sent to each individual organization. Doing so 1) allows easy recall of all articles written for this organization; 2) ensures that the same article, or an article on the very same or similar topic, is not accidentally submitted twice; and 3) enables the easy production of another submission to another organization. Once you write an article you like, ‘Save As’ then re-cycle the contents slightly and Submit for Print to the newsletter of a second, third, or fourth, organization. Another option is to submit the same article to multiple organizations. (If you get really good at this, you’re on your way to becoming a 8

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syndicated writer!) Still, another variation is to turn your articles into presentations or workshops for conferences.

Conclusion As parliamentarians, we have a quality book with which to work, RONR; a worthy organization, NAP, that issues credentials; and abundant opportunity to partner with other organizations. Let’s embrace the Submit for Print method.

When we do so, we are NICE. (Remember the acronym?) But wait, there’s more!

When parliamentarians Submit for Print, not only do we participate in fulfilling the vision and mission of NAP, we offer our knowledge of parliamentary procedure to the world. We contribute to such lofty aspirations as unity, non-partisanship, and peace. We help make the world a better place! I challenge you: put your parliamentary influence in writing. Submit for Print!

There is a variety of organizations with which partnerships can be formed.

Faith Faith-based

Church, Knights of Columbus, Salvation Army, Compassion International, Mercy Ships, Habitat for Humanity, Catholic Mission, Knights of Columbus, Relief Society

Neighborhood

Neighborhood Associations, Homeowner Associations (HOA), Condominiums

School Higher Education

PTO, PTA, Collegiate/Faculty Senate, Philanthropic Educational Organization (PEO), Delta Kappa Gama

Hobby – Fun

Quilt Club, Book Club, Garden Club, Model Train Club, Toastmasters

Civic Fraternal

Welcome Wagon, League of Voters, Civic Air Patrol, U.S. Jaycees (Jr. Chamber of Commerce), Kiwanis International, Rotary International, Freemasons, Scottish Rite

Local Government

Municipal Boards and Committees

Veterans

American Legion, VFW (Veterans of Foreign Wars), AMVETS (American Veterans), DAV (Disabled American Veterans, DAR (Daughters of the American Revolution)

A compendium of advice from noted NAP colleagues who have experience in writing and submitting parliamentary articles is available upon request by contacting KarenWatsonLincolng@gmail.com.

Karen Watson, PRP, has a BA in Speech Communication. She joined NAP in 2010. Within two years, she became a Professional Registered Parliamentarian and co-founded Star City Area Unit of Parliamentarians in Lincoln, NE. She has served as newsletter editor for the Nebraska State Association of Parliamentarians since 2014 and has twice been named Nebraska’s ‘Parliamentarian of the Year’ (2013 and 2018). www.parliamentarians.org

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Main Motion Flexibility

By Jonathan M. Jacobs, PRP

In the Summer 2019 National Parliamentarian, David Mezzera, PRP, asked several questions about motions not found in Robert’s Rules of Order Newly Revised, 11th ed. One of these was “So what does ‘censure’ mean and how is it used in parliamentary law?” A second was “The phrase ‘vote of no confidence’ appears nowhere in RONR. How could such a vote be carried out – or should it? (Mezzera, p. 15).

Mr. Mezzera is correct that there is not a definition of either of these terms in RONR.1 However, his possibly hypothetical questions do have answers. Those questions and answers illustrate an important point regarding main motions.

In English, the word “censure” has meaning: That meaning is “strong criticism or disapproval, esp. when it is the official judgment of an organization.” (Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary/censure) In a motion of censure, the assembly expresses strong disapproval of someone or something. For example, a motion “That Mr. Mitchell be censured,” means that the assembly expresses strong disapproval of Mr. Mitchell. If the motion is adopted, the chair would announce that “Mr. Mitchell is censured.”

Presumably a motion, “That the 10

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assembly express its strong disapproval of Mr. Mitchell,” would be in order.

So would a motion “to criticize,” “to disavow,” “to repudiate,” “to condemn,” or “to reprimand,” if used in place of the word “censure” in the motion. All of these, along with “censure,” express disapproval, to one degree or another.

Note that none of these terms appear in the text of RONR, 11th ed.

Then there is the expression, “vote of no confidence,” which also has a meaning in English: That meaning is, “an occasion when most of the members of a parliament or other organization say that they do not support the people in authority and that they disagree with their actions.”

(Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary/vote of no confidence) So a motion of no confidence expresses a lack of support, or disagreement, with someone or something. For example, a motion could be made “That the assembly express no confidence in the ability of the secretary to perform his duties.” If adopted, this would simply express the assembly’s belief that the secretary is lacking in the ability to continue in the position. The chair would then announce, “The assembly expresses no confidence in the ability of the secretary to perform his duties.”

This motion could also be expressed in different ways. The motion,

“That the secretary is incapable of functioning in that position,” “That the secretary is doing a poor job,” or even, “That the secretary be asked to resign.” Each of those motions, if adopted, certainly express the assembly’s lack of confidence in the secretary.

Neither “censure” nor a “vote of no confidence” is defined in RONR, 11th ed., but the reason is that they do not have to be defined. The words and phrases exist in English, and it is there that the definition is found. By not defining what these motions do, RONR, 11th ed. permits the assembly huge flexibility in framing motions that express opinions.

There is a very good example of this flexibility shown in RONR, 11th ironically at a point that it mentions the word “censure.” It notes that the motion “that the City Council commend Officer George for his action…” can be amended by striking out “commend” and inserting “censure.”

The reason is that both express an opinion, though opposite, of the actions of the police officer (p. 137, ll. 20-29).

Note that the word “commend” in this example is not defined in text. The assembly could strike out “commend” and insert some other word or phrase, such as “heartily approve of,” “praise,” or “laud.”

All these would express a favorable opinion of the officer’s action, and none are defined in text.

Mr. Mezzera is quite correct when he writes that terms like “censure” and a “vote of no confidence,” are not defined within the text of RONR. However, they do not need to be defined in text. One of the reasons they are not is to give the assembly huge flexibility in framing motions.

ENDNOTES 1 RONR does note that “censure” can be a penalty after a finding of guilt (p. 643, ll. 12-15), but further notes that a motion of censure can be adopted without a finding of guilt (p. 643, fn.) The penalty is beyond the scope of this article. For a discussion of each, see “Censure, Penalty versus Motion,” Parliamentary Journal, April, 2012.

Works cited Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary, Cambridge University Press, n.d. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/ Mezzera, David, “What’s not in RONR (and what can you do about it),” National Parliamentarian, Vol. 80, No. 4, (Summer), 2019.

Robert, Henry M., Robert’s Rules of Order Newly Revised, 11th Edition. Eds. Sarah Corbin Robert, et al., Philadelphia: Da Capo Press, 2011.

Jonathan M. Jacobs, PRP, is the former president of the Pennsylvania Association of Parliamentarians, Inc. and of the Delaware Valley Unit.

www.parliamentarians.org

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NEW The Biography of Henry Martyn Robert

By Leonard M. Young, PRP

Attempting to write a comprehensive biography of one of the great men of nineteenth century American history is a daunting task. So daunting, in fact, that several scholars have begun the process of writing about General Henry M. Robert’s life, but none have completed this monumental task.

In the 1950s Dr. Joseph F. O’Brien, Professor of Public Speaking at Pennsylvania State University, began just such a process. Dr. O’Brien was Chair of the Department of Speech and Communications at Penn State from 1946 to 1949. During his time as a rhetoric faculty member, he published articles in several journals, such as the Journal of Speech and Communication Quarterly. He also published a book titled Parliamentary Law for the Layman: Procedures and Strategies for Meetings. Joseph O’Brien continued the tradition of debate and deliberation, expanding the men’s program and reinstating the women’s debate team upon the conclusion of WWII. Before his tenure as department head, he also served as President of the Eastern Communication Association and President of the Pennsylvania Communication Association.i

In his attempt to produce a comprehensive biography of “the General,” O’Brien held interviews with Mrs. Henry M. (Isabel Hoagland) Robert and Mrs. Henry M. (Sarah Corbin) Robert, Jr. He was given access to the private papers of General Robert including personal letters, journals, and other interesting historical documents. Most of this work was done in 1954-1956.

In 1957, Professor O’Brien suffered a massive heart attack and was never able to complete his project. Sadly, he passed away on February 14, 1958, at the age of fifty-four.

Before he died, Dr. O’Brien had given all his research notes and partial manuscripts to Otis Castleberry, a close friend. Otis had great interest in parliamentary law and was a long-time member of the National Association of Parliamentarians. In 2010, Otis passed away. His son gifted Dr. O’Brien’s, research notes to NAP. They lay in unopened boxes until I opened and catalogued them in May, 2018.

As a Professional Registered Parliamentarian and a trained historian, I saw these boxes of notes and other materials as a gift from

i https://cas.la.psu.edu/about-us/department-heads-past-present 12

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heaven. Many parliamentarians have long wished that a comprehensive biography of General Robert would be written and available to the public.

Upon discovering this treasure trove of historical research, and with the support of then NAP President James N. Jones, PRP, I began the process of compiling and organizing the material to see what further work needed to be done to complete the manuscript. I soon determined that considerable additional research was necessary to fill in the holes, provide citations for all necessary material, and then to complete the partially written manuscript.

Having served my church for ten years as the Director of Field Resources, I had the occasion to do similar things with numerous manuscripts sent to our Office of Congregational Ministries. I found that often it was more difficult to “tune up” a partially completed manuscript and do the necessary resource searches than to begin the project anew myself. But in the case of Professor O’Brien’s research, many of the sources he quoted were no longer available. Both Isabel Hoagland Robert (the General’s second wife) and Sarah Corbin Robert (the General’s daughter-in-law) had long ago passed away, so their voices would forever remain silent if I simply began new research. I resolved, therefore, to take the partially completed O’Brien manuscript and bring it to completion.

In the process of finishing the manuscript, it was necessary to do considerable editing of language to bring the partial manuscript up to

twenty-first century standards, both grammatically and culturally. For example, Dr. O’Brien when describing the situation of African Americans as enslaved people on the Robert’s Plantation in South Carolina often used terms such as “negros,” “mammies,” and others, that would be unacceptable today. These have been updated to conform to modern sensibilities.

Dr. O’Brien’s style of writing was typical of the 1950s. He used overly flowery language and referred to things that would have been clearly understood by readers in the 1950s, but which would be lost on casual readers of history in the twenty-first century. These have been edited and made more readable for today’s audience. However, I felt it necessary to leave enough of Professor O’Brien’s language and style in place that it could be clearly identified as including his work.

There were numerous chapters that had footnotes indicated, but for which no citations were provided.

Fortunately, all the Professor’s research notes were in the box, but not so carefully organized. It was necessary, therefore, to catalog the contents of the box, organize them into the same order in which the chapters of the book were presented and then to do a deep dive into these notes to try to find the missing citations.

The biography contains interesting, little-known stories about the life of General Robert including how he founded a school to help Chinese immigrants in San Francisco, his www.parliamentarians.org

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participation in the “Pig War” on San Juan Island in the Washington Territory, and why Robert, a South Carolinian, chose to fight for the union during the Civil War. These and many other stories about his life and contribution to the development of the United States makes for very interesting reading.

Even with all these stories, when the manuscript was completed, I felt that it was still missing something. I sent the manuscript to Mr. Thomas Balch, PRP, a member of the current Robert’s Rules authorship team. He worked with Mr. Henry M. Robert III to produce the introduction to this manuscript which sets the work in perspective and brings the reader up to date on what has occurred with

Robert’s Rules since the death of the General in 1923. I am indebted to Mr. Balch and Mr. Robert for this excellent contribution to the book.

The National Association of Parliamentarians has supported the publication of this book in the hope that scholars and researchers into the history of parliamentary law in America will now have access to this important material. Dr. and Mrs. O’Brien had no children and were wise to send this manuscript through Mr. and Mrs. Castleberry and into the possession and ownership of NAP. In this way, the great work of the Professor could be completed and now shared with the world.

You can purchase your copy for $24.95 from the NAP online bookstore.

Dr. Leonard M. Young, PRP, is a past president of the National Association of Parliamentarian and served as its Executive Director from 2011 to 2013. He served as the national parliamentarian for NAP from 2013 to 2015. He has been a professional registered parliamentarian since 1983.

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National Parliamentarian • Fall 2019

Test Yourself

ARE YOU OR

Present

Absent?

By David Mezzera, PRP

When you took your RP-qualifying exam and faced Part I, do you remember being challenged to find five specific citations from the pages of RONR and listing their page and line numbers? Or if you have not taken the RP exam, have you ever been given the task of locating a particular topic in RONR by searching within its pages? This quiz will do just that – except here are seven (not five) excerpts from the 11th edition. And you don’t have to be a credentialed NAP member to take the quiz. Please read the last paragraph of this article before you decide to skip this quiz.

Everyone should give it a try!

These quotations all deal with the rights of absentee members.

As a preparatory example, on page 263 of RONR, you can find the sentence: “Rules protecting absentees cannot be suspended even by unanimous consent or an actual unanimous vote, because the absentees do not consent to such suspension.”

Now, using your 11th edition Index as an aid, find each of these seven citations dealing with absentees and put their page numbers (no line numbers needed) in the indicated blank. Then follow the directions at the end of the seven challenges. If you need some help along the way, check in the Answer section for some hints, and pay attention to the underlined words and terms.

1. Consider the right of absent members to be protected: “The content of a society’s bylaws has important bearing on the rights and duties of members within the organization – whether present or absent from the assembly.”

Page _________

2. There is the requirement of greater voting standards other than just a majority vote, when no notice was given, in order to protect those absent: “Motions that have the effect of changing or nullifying previous action of the assembly… require previous notice if they are to be adopted by only a majority vote.”

Page _________ 3. A majority vote of the entire membership could satisfy certain actions, again to protect those absent: “(Bylaws of an organization) represent the judgment of the whole society as distinguished from the members voting at any

Continued on page 16

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particular session. These rules therefore require both previous notice and a two-thirds vote for amendment (with a vote of a majority of the entire membership as an allowable alternative).”

Page _________

4. The requirement of providing prior notice to bylaw changes is to allow all members the opportunity to attend the meeting and not be absent due to lack of information: “If the bylaws require previous notice (as they should)…no amendment to a bylaw amendment is in order that increases the modification of the article or provision to be amended.”

Page _________ 5. Prior publication of agendas is needed in order to allow members to decide whether to attend a meeting or remain absent: “In some organizations, it is customary to send each member, in advance of a meeting, an order of business or agenda, with some indication of the matters to be considered under each heading.”

Page _________ 6. The requirement of greater action than just a majority vote to change a decision previously reached protects those absent from the meeting: “(A main motion) requires a majority vote, except…(c) when adoption of the motion would have the effect of changing something already adopted, as in a motion to postpone an event previously scheduled by vote of the assembly.”

Page _________ 7. No action may be ratified without a quorum, to protect those absent from the meeting: “Cases where the procedure of ratification is applicable include • action improperly taken at a regular or properly called meeting at which no quorum was present;” Page _________ Now for the final challenge: Add up the numbers of all seven page locations you have found. That total represents some important feature in the history of Robert’s Rules of Order. The first person to email the author of this quiz the correct answer will be awarded a surprise parliamentary gift. Good luck! ca-parliamentarian@comcast.net Answers on page 36

David Mezzera, PRP, is a past president of the California State Association of Parliamentarians and past District 8 Director.

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Test Yourself

Questions Answers The intent of this column is to provide general answers or advice (not formal, official opinions) about the questions asked. The answers are based on the most recent edition of Robert’s Rules of Order, Newly Revised, unless otherwise indicated, and do not take into account such governing authorities as statutes, bylaws, adopted special rules of order, other parliamentary authorities, or earlier editions, except as specifically mentioned.

The abbreviations used in these questions and answers are explained in National Parliamentarian Vol. 80, No. 4, Summer 2019, p. 36.

Questions should be mailed to NP Q&A Editor, 213 South Main Street, Independence, MO 64060, or emailed to npeditor@nap2.org.

Q

QUESTION 73: In our organization, the officers must live within 30 miles of the city center. Our vice president lives in the suburbs and was the only candidate for president. Shortly before the elections, the vice president moved from one part of her suburban town to another. No one thought anything of it. The vice president was elected without challenge at the annual meeting.

Several months later, it was discovered that the president’s new house was 35 miles from the city center and the president was therefore ineligible for office. Can she remain in office? Does anything special need to be done to remove her from office now?

Answer: This is not a situation where there was an error in the conduct of the vote, which would have required an immediate challenge. RONR, pp. 250-51, 408-09. In this case the candidate was ineligible under the bylaws. That is a continuing breach.

RONR, p. 251. That means that the president’s eligibility can be challenged by a point of order in a meeting at any time that the president remains in office.

See Q&AIV, pp. 56-57, q. 103. The president cannot cure the deficiency by length of stay in office, although acts taken by the president before the challenge will remain in effect as taken under the putative president’s de facto authority.

Moreover, the president cannot cure the defect by becoming eligible after the election, for example in this case by moving back to her prior home within 30 miles of the city center. A candidate must be eligible for the office at the time of the election. PL, p. 434, q. 68; Q&AII, p. 184, q. 824.

The election is therefore null, and void and the putative president is removed from office immediately upon being challenged. In this case, that means that the election was incomplete, and a special election should be held at a special meeting to vote on the replacement president. In the meanwhile, if there is a “holdover” provision allowing a president to continue in office until the election of a successor, the immediate past president would resume the office of president www.parliamentarians.org

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until a special election could be held, just as the immediate past president would have remained in office under the “holdover” provision if there had been an incomplete election on the date of the annual meeting.

Q

QUESTION 74: In the course of my parliamentarian duties I was recently confronted with a rather strange bylaw provision, and a question from a member of the organization that had adopted the bylaws some years previously. The organization’s bylaws cite RONR as its parliamentary authority.

The bylaw provision reads: “Voting on the election of officers shall be by hand count.”

My questioner wondered whether his organization could authorize a secret ballot vote in lieu of a public “hand count” for an upcoming election, despite the bylaw provision? And, if so, how should such authorization be done?

The questioner noted that if the bylaws had contained a similar provision mandating a “ballot vote” for officer elections, that provision could not be suspended under any circumstances, as it protects the secrecy of the vote.

RONR, pp. 263, 412.

Answer: Yes, such an authorization could be proper and could be accomplished in one of two ways.

Before addressing the substantive question, it should be noted that a “hand count” as required here is different from a “hand vote” or “show of hands,” which is a more informal method of taking a rising vote. RONR, pp. 409, 442. A “show of hands” does not require that the vote be counted, RONR, p. 410, but a “hand count” does require a counted vote, which may be why the provision was inserted in the bylaws.

1) The long-term and advisable resolution of the question would be accomplished by amending the bylaws to make it clear whether the organization wanted to retain the “hand count” rule, choose a different method of voting such as secret ballot, or leave the method of voting up to the body to decide by incidental motion at the time of each election. If a particular method of voting is to be inserted in the bylaws (whether a hand count or otherwise), the bylaw amendment should make explicit whether the rule is to be suspendable or not.

The bylaw amendment route might be a feasible solution for this organization if the date of the upcoming election meeting is far enough in the future.

Even if the matter cannot be clarified in the bylaws in time for this election, however, clarification would be helpful for future elections.

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Questions Answers continued

2) A (seemingly) straightforward way to address this issue in the short term would be to move to suspend the rules (requiring a 2/3 vote) and then move to hold the vote by secret ballot – the two steps could be combined into one motion as noted on RONR, p. 262. A difficulty with this approach is that some of the members might contend that the “hand count” requirement is an unsuspendable standard bylaw and not a mere suspendable rule of order found in the bylaws. RONR, pp. 17, 263.

The rule requiring a hand count is in the nature of a rule of order because it involves procedure and “relate[s] to the orderly transaction of business in meetings and to the duties of officers in that connection[,]” RONR, p. 15, and is not “related to the details of the administration of a society” like a standing rule.

RONR, p. 18.

A clearly parallel “ballot vote” rule (if included in the bylaws), however, would not be suspendable, as it protects a fundamental right to a secret ballot. RONR, p. 263. Therefore, suspending the “hand count” rule might be a difficult case to make to the members as a practical matter because of the apparently unequal treatment of different election methods. Also, there might have been very good reasons (at one time) to insert the “hand count” requirement into the bylaws, to which some members are attached. Perhaps there were occasions when a teller’s committee has been suspected of less than scrupulous counting and reporting of ballot votes. On the other hand, since a “hand count” vote does not carry any protection of secrecy rights with it, nor protect any other rights of members (except possibly with a public tabulation of votes), it would appear to be a weaker rule and hence be suspendable. It could be argued that those who support the historic rationale for a hand count strongly could vote against the suspension, which would be difficult with a 2/3 vote requirement. It might, however, be difficult to convey the institutional history to the members since the motion to suspend the rules is undebatable. RONR, p. 261. A request for information could, perhaps, be made to someone knowledgeable about the organization’s history to bring that information to light.

Disagreement over whether the “hand count” rule was suspendable could lead to procedural arguments (as noted on RONR, p. 17) that would take up unnecessary time, not to mention the added burden of counting a 2/3 vote in a large assembly.

The Chair might well, in these circumstances, rule that the bylaw provision requiring a “hand count” is not ambiguous and is so clearly a rule of order included in the bylaws that there cannot be a dispute in that regard. RONR, p. 256.

A majority of the Question & Answer Committee is of the opinion that this is the case based on the specific wording of the provision requiring a hand count for elections. Given that the organization adopted RONR as its parliamentary www.parliamentarians.org

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authority, the drafters of the bylaw provision could have included a provision that the hand count requirement was not suspendable if that was their intent.

A minority of the Question & Answer Committee is of the opinion that the determination whether the “hand count” rule was a rule of order (and hence suspendable), or not could potentially be ambiguous, depending on the intent of the drafters. Therefore, the nature of the rule (unsuspendable standard bylaw provision or suspendable rule of order included in the bylaws) would need to be resolved by the members on appeal from a determination of the chair as to the nature of the rule. See RONR, pp. 588-89.

It should be noted that the inclusion of rules of order in bylaws, and the suspendability of rules relating to balloting procedures, are issues about which parliamentary authorities vary greatly. RONR and Keesey agree that bylaw provisions in the nature of rules of order may be suspended. Keesey, p. 81; RONR, pp. 17, 261 n.*, 263. Keesey, however, holds (contrary to RONR) that rules related to voting methods and requirements cannot be suspended. Keesey, p. 81.

Therefore, the bylaw requirement of a counted hand vote for elections could not be suspended if this were a Keesey-based organization. Several other parliamentary authorities provide that rules of order imbedded in the bylaws may not be suspended unless they explicitly allow for their own suspension. AIPSC, p. 86; Demeter, p. 133; Riddick, p. 188. AIPSC also agrees with Keesey that even special rules of order (what AIPSC calls standing rules) relating to methods of voting, whether by ballot or otherwise, may not be suspended. AIPSC, p. 87; Keesey, p. 81.

The moral of the story is that it is inadvisable to place rules in bylaws which might, or might not, be “rules of order,” and to be explicit as to whether rules of a procedural nature in the bylaws are suspendable or not, even when RONR is the adopted parliamentary authority

Q

QUESTION 75: Our group has the custom of adopting an agenda, which had been precirculated in the call for the meeting, at the beginning of every monthly meeting. The agenda routinely indicates the specific items of business to be brought up, following the outline of the standard order of business.

It has always required a majority vote to adopt. At our January meeting, the president precirculated an agenda that somewhat altered the standard order of business, so that a controversial bylaw amendment would follow new business.

The rationale for the change was that the rest of the meeting could then be devoted entirely to discussion of the amendment without concern that other important business might not be reached.

Several members thought that the president was actually hoping to shorten the time for discussion of the bylaw amendment and force an uninformed vote at 20

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Questions Answers continued

the pre-set adjournment time, which would have likely resulted in adoption of the motion. The opponents felt that, if they were able to debate without time constraints, they could demonstrate that the proposed amendment was unnecessary and possibly harmful. RONR is our parliamentary authority.

There is no bylaw provision or special rule of order adopting any standard order of business.

The president stated that the precirculated agenda, which put the bylaw amendment proposal right after new business, required a majority vote for adoption, as usual. The opponents say that a two-thirds vote is required in these circumstances. There is likely a majority, but not two-thirds, who will vote for the president’s proposed agenda. Who is right?

Answer: The president’s opponents are right on this question. Since your group’s adopted parliamentary authority is RONR, and there is not standard order of business adopted in the bylaws or special rules of order, the standard order of business as laid out in RONR, p. 353, becomes the order of business for the group. Id. A previously noticed bylaw amendment becomes a general order at the meeting for which is was noticed. RONR, p. 596. While ordinarily an agenda in your group is adopted by a majority vote, that is because the group usually follows the standard order of business as stated on RONR, p. 353, and the agenda just inserts the anticipated business items under each head of business. When that is the case, the agenda can be adopted by a majority vote. RONR, p. 372. In this case, however, the president has arranged for the precirculated agenda to depart from the standard order of business by including discussion of the proposed bylaw amendment at the end of the meeting, instead of with general orders. When an agenda is being considered that arranges business items in a manner contrary to the standard order of business, the agenda needs a two-thirds vote in order to be adopted. Id. Questions & Answers Research Team

Michael Malamut, PRP, Q&A Research Editor

C. Alan Jennings, PRP, Assistant Q&A Research Editor

James H. Stewart, PRP, NAP Parliamentarian

Helen McFadden, PRP, Parliamentary Consultant

Advisor: John Stackpole, RP www.parliamentarians.org

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The Practicality of It All

By Beverly Chandler

I chose the title, “The Practicality of It All,” because I was impressed with what the 42nd Biennial Convention of the National Association of Parliamentarians offered. I thought all the topics and procedures discussed were useful to the practicing parliamentarian. Ideas and methods germane to the profession were presented in the advanced workshops. This year’s meeting of the National Association of Parliamentarians made good practical sense, to me.

The workshops and discussions I attended at this convention were informative.

It was a dynamic educational experience that would be an invaluable asset to anyone who aspires to become a well-prepared parliamentarian. I chose to attend the pre-convention Leadership Workshop, which was very good.

NAP Leadership Conference

I also attended several workshops over the following three days. Most of the workshops were well attended, interactive, and held your attention. The comments from other participants were very positive on how fantastic their workshops were presented. Sometimes, more than one workshop of interest was scheduled in the same time slot. That created a conflict. One had to choose.

Creative Teaching Strategies Workshop 22

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The business sessions were fantastic. I was in awe as to the manner in which President Jim Jones handled the business. From the first day, through the nominations and elections and bylaw amendments, the sessions were conducted with class and finesse. My hat’s off to President Jones for a job well done. Those who missed the business meetings, missed a prime educational opportunity in how to apply parliamentary procedure when conducting a meeting.

Delegate Meeting

This was the second NAP convention I have attended. A most positive feature of this convention was that the participants were geographically, culturally, and generationally diverse. Granted, there were more seasoned adults in attendance, but there were also students in attendance who made significant contributions to the convention. One student held a workshop which I attended, and the workshop was outstanding. Participants at the convention were from the United States, China and Japan. It was a great chance to make new friends and re-connect with old ones.

Youth and PRPs Compete at Lunch

PRPs in Narrow Victory

This convention experience was exceptional for me. There was joy, there was laughter, and there were lively discussions. There was also sadness at the memorial observance. My experiences were well worth my time and money.

I haven’t always been a proponent of conventions being held in Las Vegas, where there can be many distractions. In spite of the distractions, I was able to stay focused and enjoy my stay. I had a wonderful time and it seemed as if other participants did also. For those who had a really exciting time, remember the adage, “What happens in Vegas,” does what?

Beverly Chandler has been a member of San Diego East County Unit three years. She is currently vice-president of the unit. She first used Robert’s Rules of Order as a guide when she was president of an organization in Orange County, California in 1987. www.parliamentarians.org

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NAP Connections

National Association of Parliamentarians

®

2017-2019 H istory The National Association of Parliamentarians (NAP) began the new biennium with the vision statement, “To provide parliamentary leadership to the world,” and the mission statement, “NAP is dedicated to educating leaders throughout the world in effective meeting management through the use of parliamentary procedure.”

NAP Board of Directors The following officers were elected for the 2017-2019 NAP biennium: president: James Jones, PRP; vice-president: Darlene Allen, PRP; secretary: Kevin Connelly PRP; treasurer: Wanda Sims, PRP; and directors-at-large: Joyce BrownWatkins, PRP; Alison Wallis, PRP; and Ann Rempel, PRP. The following district directors were elected to serve as the district representatives on the Board of Directors: Roger Hanshaw, PRP, District 2; and Larry Martin, PRP, District 5.

Advisors and Consultants The following individuals were appointed by President Jones: parliamentarian: James Stewart legal liaison: Helen McFadden

Installation On Monday, September 11, 2017, NAP Past President Ron Stinson installed the 2017-2019 district directors, and Burke Balch, chairman of the Commission on Credentialing, installed the officers.

Existing members of the commission were chairman Thomas (Burke) Balch (term expiring 2019), and Wanda Davis (term expiring 2019). Wanda Davis resigned and the position was eventually filled by the NAP Board of Directors with Greg Goodwiller.

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Commission on Credentialing The following members were elected to terms on the Commission on Credentialing: Frances Jackson – 4-year term Rosalie Stroman – 4-year term Gail Knapp – 4-year term Gayla Stone – 2-year term

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Election of Ethics Committee Members Weldon Merritt and Denise Irminger were elected to 4-year terms as members of the Ethics Committee and Connie Deford was elected as chairman of the Ethics Committee.

NAP Board Committee Appointments The following board committees were appointed: Budget & Finance: Wanda Sims (chairman), Ann Rempel, Darlene Allen Minutes Approval: Larry Martin (chairman), Alison Wallis, Joyce Brown-Watkins Personnel: Ann Rempel (chairman), Ron Stinson, Roger Hanshaw Policies and Procedures: Kevin Connelly (chairman), Darlene Allen, Larry Martin Pricing: Joyce Brown-Watkins (chairman). Larry Martin, Wanda Sims Strategic Planning: Darlene Allen (chairman), Roger Hanshaw, Ann Rempel, Wanda Sims Cluster System Designated The cluster system was maintained to work with the various committees and other appointed positions. The following were appointed as cluster chairmen: Education: Ramona Hill Member Services: Loretta Tillery

Governance: Brunhilda Clarissa Williams-Currington Technology: Jason Abellada* Information and Outreach: Brandon Walters * Jason Abellada resigned and was replaced

by Shandra Ross.

The cluster chairman reported to the President and the cluster committees reported to the NAP Board of Directors.

Standing Committee Appointments The following standing committees were appointed: Bylaws: chairman Ronald Avedesian, Richard Brown, M Carling, Dennis Conway, Ruth Ryan Bylaws Legal Subcommittee: chairman Nilda Rivera Communications Committee: chairman Jim Hinkle, Bill Friedrich, CJ Cavin, Betty Alexander, Annette Burtin, Wanda Nelson Educational Resources Committee (ERC): chairman Lyle Kleman, Christina Emmert, Gretchen Denton, Lorraine Talbot, John Tatum Educational Resources Editorial Subcommittee (of ERC): chairman Martha Haun, Darlene Haren, Vicky Fransham Educational Resources Development Subcommittee (of ERC): chairman Maryanne Tebedo, Eleanor Siewart, Russell Guthrie, Russell Quash, Ann McCartney, Sheila Tate

www.parliamentarians.org

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Body of Knowledge Subcommittee (of ERC): chairman Dan Seabold, Dennis Clark, Steve Britton, Lorenzo Cuesta Membership Extension and Retention Committee (MERC) – (elected by their respective districts): District One: Rosemary Seghatoleslami, District Two: Roger Hanshaw, District Three: Todd Crowder, District Four: Robert Schuck, District Five: Larry Martin, District Six: Jim Lawson, District Seven: Kevin Connelly, District Eight: Vivian Vincent Rosemary Seghatoleslami was elected as MERC chairman.

District Three Director Todd Crowder resigned and the position was filled by Carol Davis.

Association Resources Subcommittee (of MERC): chairman Lucy Anderson, Tom McDermott, Lynda Baer, Sheryl Womble, Stan Graiewski, Edward Moore, Paul Bessell, Ann Rempel Professional Services Subcomittee (of MERC): chairman Jim Stewart Membership & Registration Examiners Committee (MREC): chairman Carol Davis, Bonnie Murdah, Jessica Christopher, TennieBee Hall, Tannis Nelson, Rose Acker-McIver Independent Learning Subcommittee (of MREC) – University of Wisconsin: chairman Kay Crews, Kathy Boyer, Mona Calhoun 26

National Parliamentarian • Fall 2019

International Services Committee: chairman Lori Lukinuk, Dan Ross, Ma Baofeng, Don Freese, Bill Puette Professional Development Committee (PDC): chairman Mike Peck, Michael Swift, Elizabeth Sapp, Mary Remson, Shannon Sun, Valoree Althoff STAR Project Subcommittee (of PDC): chairman David Mezzera, Eugene Bierbaum, David Ross, Ella Carlson Youth Committee: chairman Richard Hayes, Kirk Overbey, Daniel Foster Youth Task Force Subcommittee (of Youth): chairman Al Gage, Jim Connors, Ronald Arruejo, Janet Rosequist, Theljewa Garrett, Allora Cyrus, Troy White Special Committees and Other Appointments The following special committees and positions were appointed: Resource Development – special (Ways & Means): chairman Carol Davis, Martha Beard, Marcia Chandler, Tonja Stokes, Valencia Bean 2019 Biennial Convention: coordinator Dollie McPartlin, assistant coordinator Martha Rollins, workshop coordinator Corliss Baker, assistant workshop coordinator Valoree Althoff 2019 Leadership Conference: coordinator Sadie Boles, assistant coordinator Edna Arrington

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Committees of the Board of Directors: Special Committee to Resolve Appeals Regarding Credentialing: Committee for Appeal # 1: chairman Kirk Overby, Eleanor Siewart, John Wight Committee for Appeal # 2: chairman Chris Dickey, Carol Austin, Dennis Clark National ParliamentarianÂŽ (NP): editor Ann Warner, assistant editor Betty Tunstall NP Review Committee: chairman Schmuel Gerber, Paul McClintock NP Team: John Berg, Lisa Zwarn Parliamentary Research Committee: editor Michael Malamut, C. Alan Jennings, consultant Helen McFadden, parliamentarian Jim Stewart Webmaster: Kirby Glad Web Management: Salome Jones Online Courses: Matthew Schafer Online Meetings: Jeff Weston Annual Meetings: Greg Goodwiller Mobile Applications: Daniel Garrett International Trip Committee: Rollie Cox, Ron Stinson Further Appointments and Resignations There were the following resignations during the 2017-2019 biennium: Baefeng Ma from the International Services cluster, Ann Homer as the 2018 NAP Training Conference

assistant coordinator, Lyle Kleman from the Education Resources Committee, Matthew Schafer from the Online Education position, Mike Peck from the Professional Development Committee.

There were additional appointments during the 2017-2019 Biennium: Bruce Bergman, Gregory Carlson, and Sheryl Womble to the Online Courses Committee; Diane Brush and Kyle McMillan to the Communications Committee; Mike Peck, Rebecca Rutz, and Steven Walls to the Educational Resources Committee; Helene Goldsmith to the NAP edit and review position; Deadra Stokes, and Judith Reynolds to the Membership Examiners Committee; Tony Gray, Beverly Tathum, John Tatum, Stephen Balke, and Henry Lawton to the Technology Committee; Allora Cyrus to the Youth Committee; David Whitaker to the association resources subcommittee; Beverly Tathum as the 2018 NAP Training Conference assistant coordinator; Frank Rizo to the International Services Committee; Atul Kapur to the Membership & Retention Committee; Sheryl Womble to the Parliamentary Review Committee; Russell Guthrie as Educational Resource Committee chairman; Mary Remson as the Professional Development Committee chairman; and Nilda Rivera as the 2019 Convention assistant coordinator. www.parliamentarians.org

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Other appointments for future events are as follows: Darlene Allen as the 2022 NAP Training Conference site coordinator; Lucy Anderson as the 2020 NAP Training Conference coordinator; Sheryl Wombley as the 2020 NAP Training Conference assistant coordinator; David Whitaker and Linda Baer as 2020 NAP Training Conference committee members; Corliss Baker as the 2021 convention coordinator; Carol Davis as 2021 convention assistant coordinator; Ramona Hill as the 2021 educational workshop coordinator; and Carol Meade as the 2021 educational workshop assistant coordinator.

NAP Headquarter Staff: At the start the biennium, the full-time staff consisted of Cyndy Launchbaugh, executive director, Stefanie Luttrell, administrative coordinator, and Courtney Emery (membership, marketing, and communications). Courtney Emery resigned in March 2018, and Stefanie Luttrell resigned in November 2018.

Alexandra Blair was hired in November 2018 for the membership, marketing, and communications position and Cheryl DeShon was hired in early 2019 as the administrative coordinator. In addition, there are two part-time employees – Cindy Petrie and Susan Bradley.

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NAP Events: 2018 NAP Training Conference (NAPTC): The NAPTC was held at the Buffalo Hyatt Regency Hotel in Buffalo, New York. Rosemary Seghatoleslami was the training conference coordinator and Beverly Tathum was the training conference assistant coordinator.

Evan Lemoine served as the workshop coordinator and Kendra O’ Toole served as the assistant workshop coordinator.

The conference was successful both financially and educationally. The conference made a profit of over $25,000, and over 240 people were registered for it.

2020 NAP Training Conference (NAPTC): The NAPTC will be held at the Hilton Palacio Del Rio in San Antonio, TX in September 2020.

Lucy Anderson will serve as the 2020 NAP Training Conference coordinator, Sheryl Wombley will serve as the 2020 NAP Training Conference assistant coordinator, David Whitaker and Linda Baer will be 2020 NAP Training Conference committee members.

Committee Achievements: Bylaws Committee: In preparation for the 2019 Convention, the committee reviewed and processed 14 proposed amendments and conforming amendments

NAP Connections

for consideration at the 2019 convention.

National Parliamentarian (NP): Eight issues of the NP were published during the time frame of September 2017-August 2019, with each edition reviewed by the NP Review Committee.

International Service Committee (ISC): The ISC succeeded in getting the NAP motion card professionally translated into both traditional and simplified Chinese, assisted in preparing the Ontario Association to re-charter in April 2019, and worked with a lone member in Africa to help prepare three individuals for the NAP membership exam, which they successful took.

Membership Extension and Retention Committee (MERC): The MERC edited and updated the existing district director manual and approved the final revision.

It has been distributed to the MERC members and posted on the NAP website. The committee headed up the association and unit educational awards program and submitted the results to the Membership Services chairman.

Membership and Registered Parliamentarians Examiners Committee (MERPE): Since September 2017, the committee has administered 1564 exams, either paper or electronic,

and 1,496 examinees have passed the test.

For the registered parliamentarian exam, the committee has administered 1,490 parts of the exam, with 1,175 parts passed and 315 failed. In all, 121 members have obtained the RP credential during this time.

Professional Development Committee (PDC): The PDC revised the “150 Point PRP Renewal Form� to allow parliamentary learning from other parliamentary organizations, and incorporated Schoology into the PQC and PRC pre-course work.

The committee contacted via email all pending 2019 RPs and PRPs with expiring credentials.

Youth Committee: The Youth Committee works with the following associations aligned with the NAP career and technical youth organization partners: Business Professionals of America (BPA), Future Business Leaders of America/Phi Beta Lambda (FBLA/PBL), Family, Career and Community Leaders of America (FCCLA), Future Health Professionals (HOSA), and SkillsUSA. Passing of NAP Past President: The 23rd president of NAP, Lorraine Buckley, serving from 1975-1977, died on January 9, 2018 in Independence, MO.

www.parliamentarians.org

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Passing of Henry M. Robert III: NAP Honorary President Henry M. Robert III, grandson of the original author of Robert’s Rules of Order and senior member of the current authorship team of Robert’s Rules of Order Newly Revised, died on January 6, 2019, at the age of 98.

Substantive Actions by the NAP Board of Directors: 1. Entered into a partnership agreement with Jack and Jill of America.

2. Authorized NAP to submit grant applications to the National Association of Parliamentarians Educational Foundation to build the quality of NAP’s printed and online educational and training library.

3. Authorized NAP to submit grant applications to Microsoft Corporation for business software.

4. Approved up to $20,000 for the Technology cluster chairman to select an external consultant to analyze the current association management system, prepare a Statement of Work, and assist in the selection of a vendor to provide a new association management system.

5. Approved funds to engrave the NAP founder’s headstone.

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National Parliamentarian • Fall 2019

6. Assigned the Electronic Association of Parliamentarians to NAP District Six. 7. Approved the waiver of the 2018 NAP Training Conference fee and the 2019 National Convention fee for student participants sponsored by a unit, association, or district.

8. Approved the 2018 NAP operating budget.

9. Approved the 2018 NAP Training Conference registration fee.

10. Approved the 2019 NAP operating budget.

11. Approved the 2019 NAP Convention budget and registration fee.

12. Approved the 2019 Leadership Conference registration fee.

13. Approved the Whistleblower Protection Policy.

NAP Operational Policies and Procedures Manual (NAPOPP): The NAPOPP was amended several times, with the last time being on August 13, 2019, and each updated edition was posted on the NAP website.

Financial Audit Conducted: A complete audit of NAP financial records was conducted by an outside auditing company.

Dissolutions: The following units have dissolved during this biennium: California

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Eta Rho, Florida Unit of Registered Parliamentarians, Kansas Theta Unit, and the Maryland Margaret W. Wheelock Unit.

NAP Membership: As of July 31, 2019, there were 3,762 members, an increase of 410 members from September 1, 2017.

The membership breakdown includes the following: 340 PRPs; 73 PRP-Retired; 249 RPs; 46 RP-Retired; 2981 Regular members; 67 student members; 2 Student PRPs; and 4 Student RPs. NAP Bridge to the Future: A fundraiser program entitled Bridge to the Future: Building Our Legacy has been established to help NAP’s infrastructure meet the challenges and opportunities of the future, with the immediate focus on long-needed improvements to make the NAP headquarters building more ergonomic and accommodate NAP’s growth.

Members, Units, and Associations can invest in NAP’s future by purchasing a porcelain tile for the NAP Honor Wall at the NAP Headquarters.

New RP Credentialing Program enacted: On August 1, 2019, the new credentialing process for members desiring to become registered parliamentarians was rolled out, with members able to take Part 1 of the 3-part process.

2019 Leadership Conference: The leadership conference was held on September 4, 2019, prior to the 42nd Biennial Convention at the Westgate Las Vegas Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada. Sadie Boles served as the conference coordinator and Edna Arrington as the assistant conference coordinator.

2019 42nd NAP Biennial Convention: The 42nd Biennial Convention was held September 5-8, 2019 at the Westgate Las Vegas Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada. Dollie McPartlin served as the convention coordinator and Nilda Rivera served as the assistant convention coordinator. Corliss Baker was the workshop coordinator and Valoree Althoff was the assistant workshop coordinator.

A total of 453 members, delegates, and guests were registered for the convention, which featured dynamic educational workshops and presiding and secretary labs. NAP business was addressed, including proposed amendments to the NAP bylaws and the election of the 2019-2021 board of directors and members to the Commission on Credentialing.

Welcome to the NAP Convention: President James “Jim” Jones, PRP, called the convention to order and introduced guests and dignitaries.

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Bylaws Amendments: The delegates amended the NAP bylaws, adopting several amendments which changed the name of the Ethics Committee to the Professional Standards Committee, and amended sections on member conduct and Board of Directors duties.

Resolution: The delegation adopted the following resolution: Resolved, That the delegates of the 42nd NAP Biennial Convention recommend to the Commission on Credentialing that the current process be frozen effective immediately, to allow the Commission on Credentialing to complete its work of the Beta testers getting through the remaining two Steps, and while that is happening, the prior process be reinstated.

Elections: NAP Board of Directors, 2019-2021: The following officers were elected for the 2019-2021 Biennium: president: Darlene Allen, PRP; vice-president: Wanda Sims, PRP; secretary: Kevin Connelly, PRP; treasurer: Carrie Dickson, PRP; and directors-at-large Joyce Brown-Watkins, PRP; Adam Hathaway, PRP; and Carl Nohr, PRP. The following district directors were elected to serve as the district director representatives on the Board of Directors: Larry Martin, PRP and Robert Schuck, RP. Commission on Credentialing: The following members were elected to terms on the Commission on Credentialing: Thomas “Burke” Balch, PRP Greg Goodwiller, PRP James Stewart, PRP Installation: On Sunday, September 8, 2019, NAP Past President Maurice Henderson installed the members of the 2019-2021 Board of Directors.

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National Parliamentarian • Fall 2019

NAP Connections

NEW REGISTERED PARLIAMENTARIANS* NP congratulates the following individuals on becoming Registered Parliamentarians: Diana L. Bacon (AL)

Karen Herbert (MD)

Edward Nelson (IL)

Theresa Somerville (CA)

Sandra Baker (NJ)

Debra Hunter (KY)

Tun Heang Ong (CH)

Adrian Stratton (NY)

Charles Bass (TX)

Brenda Jackson (VA)

Lavdena Orr (DC)

Sheila Bedford (VA)

James Kaminski (NM)

Nikolas Osorio (CA)

Jacquelyn SykesWashington (MD)

Richard Buller (VA)

Grace King (CA)

Jackie Bunch (OH)

Lovene Knight (CA)

Ronald Dupart (MD)

Jing Lin (CH)

Glenda Elie (NY)

Jackquline May (VA)

Scott Fischer (MO)

Elizabeth McFarland (TX)

Sabra Pacheco (NY)

Nancy Terpening (OH)

Brian Pelkie (FL)

Caleb Terry (NY)

Myrna Phillips (NY)

Crystal Thomas (CA)

Kenya Richardson-El (NY)

Deborah Underwood (IL)

Brandon Foster-Bagley (NY) Orlando McGruder (MD)

Dacia Robertson (MD)

Clyde Waggoner (CO)

Jewell Gardner (AL)

Donna Mitchell (TX)

Martha Rollins (VA)

Carmella Watkins (MD)

Charlotte Hardnett (MD)

Doris Moore (OH)

Nestor Shapka (AB)

David White, Jr. (NJ)

Danielle Henry (NY)

William Moore (OH)

Teresa Sidewater (DC)

Ruth Young (MD)

New Professional Registered Parliamentarians* NP congratulates the following individuals for attaining the status of Professional Registered Parliamentarian: Mark Apodaca (NM)

Tanya Johnson (NM)

Jacqueline Roundtree (VA)

Daniel Brown (NY)**

Steven Berke (VA)

Jerome McIver (DC)

Carol Schilansky (NY)

Tanya Crockett (NY)**

Steven Bolen (TX)

Laura Morgan (IL)

Bill Shelton (MD)

Kevin Dahlman (MN)**

Sadie Boles (IL)

Donna Simpson (VA)

Leatha Brooks (IL)

Christopher Nowotarski (IL)

Johnine Clark (MD)

Kendra O’Toole (NEAP)

Jeanette Steward (MD)

Sandra Cook (NC)

Jacquelyn Pierce (FL)

Michelyn Washington

Thomas Havelka (NE)**

Kimo Gandall (CA)

John Piland (FL)

David Whitaker (NC)

Sandra Hyatt (NY)**

Theljewa Garrett (GA)

Jennifer Reed (IL)

Doris Williams (IL)

Roland Williams (NY)**

Linda Smallwood (MD)

Gregory Delts (NY)** Bridget Green (NY)**

**PRP attained prior to June 26, 2019 but omitted in previous issue

Silent Gavel* NP commemorates members who have passed from our midst; may they rest in peace: Mary Bearss (FL) * For the period June 26, 2019 thru October 21, 2019

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New Members* NP welcomes the following individuals as new members: Darlene Adams (MS)

Sharon Bracey (TX)

Bahman Davani (TX)

Kate Gibson (AB)

Teresa Addison (WA)

Fannie Bratcher (NC)

Norma Davis (OH)

Ericka Gibson (NC)

Florence Adibu (IN)

Brian Bremer (OH)

Deidra Davis (MD)

Sonya Giles (MI)

Yamini Adkins (OH)

Lisana Brown (NY)

Taheerah Demby (GA)

Nkenge Gilliam (NY)

Rebecca Advent (OH)

Bosede Bruce (IL)

Erin Demorest (CA)

Barbara Gilson (WI)

Karen Bryant-Newberry (MS)

Dominique Dentan (IL)

Jackie Gorman (TX)

Mary Devine (IN)

Danielle Gorrell (IL)

Monica Dillihunt (AL)

Keshia Graham (TN)

Christi Albert (OH) Sharon Allen (IL) Raslean Allen (FL)

Bridgette Bulloch (MS) Kesha Burch (IL)

Andreana Dobbs (IL)

Stephani Graves (IN)

Rachel Burse (MO)

Linda Dodds (SD)

Nina Graves (DE)

Nycole Alston (TN)

Tanita Cain (AL)

Loverta Dorris (TN)

Maggieann Green (OK)

Lindsay Amantea (AB)

Sabrina Calhoun (GA)

Kylie Doupnik (KS)

Harrison Green (IL)

Brian Angeloni (OH)

Jackie Callender (LA)

Philip Doyle (AZ)

Deborah Greer (CO)

Josiah Armstrong (NM)

Juanita Cannon (TN)

Deldri Dugger (IL)

Jacinta Hall (TN)

Gail Atley (CA)

Gena Chandler-Smith (VA)

William Eichhorn (DC)

Carmen Halmon (VA)

Vanessa Auguillard (TX)

Makisha Cheeks (FL)

Arthur Escobar (TX)

Marilyn Hamb (IL)

Ivy Baker (FL)

Cheryl Chisholm (CA)

Patricia Fecher (NC)

Jarod Harris (NE)

Valerie Baker (NEAP)

Patricia Clark (GA)

Tiffany Ferrell (GA)

Jason Haughn (NS)

Kimberly Baker-Hunter (CA)

Margaret Clark (HI)

Valerie Fields (SC)

Tiantai He (CH)

Regina Clay (MD)

Deborah Barnes (NJ)

Jason Fleenor (MO)

Amanda Heath (GA)

Tanya Clemons (NEAP)

Kathleen Barnes (NEAP)

Maria Flowers (TN)

Renee Hendon (TX)

Latoyia Clemons (AL)

Darrin Bauer (AB)

Yvonne Floyd (FL)

Donaldo Hernandez (CA)

Agiola Cole (GA)

Byron Baxter (OH)

Marshalynn Franklin (SC)

Chantal Hess-Taylor (TN)

Jennifer Coleman (DC)

Margaret Franks (WV)

Laura Connelly (FL)

Aleze Fulbright (IN)

D. Lena Hickman-Miott (VA)

Latisha Corey (MD)

Mary Gaffney (DC)

Cheryl Cox-Newsom (WI)

Gretchen Garceau-Kragh (TX)

Yolanda Allen (KY) Evette Allen (DE)

Claudette Bazile (GA) Eve Belfance (OH) Gwendolyn Bethea (GA) Tanya Blackshear (GA) Jordyne Blaise (ND) Bertrand Bonnick (NC) Gracie Bowers (VA) Wendy Bowler (NEAP) Sherri Bowman (VA) Kimberley Boyd (GA)

Arlene Creeden (NEAP) Earlene Crowder (MS) Patricia Cruz (TX) Stanley Cunningham (MD) Katrina Daley (FL) Cynthia Daniel-Williams (NC)

Declan Hodgins (ON) Minnie Hoey (MS) Maurice Houston (PA)

Brittany Gardner (VA)

Elizabeth Howell (GA)

Pamela Garrett (AL)

Phillip Hubbard (CA)

Cheleka Garrett (SC)

Gwenda Hudson (TN)

Brandy Garris (IL)

Jacqulynn Hugee (PA)

Esperanza Garza (TX)

Rachelle Hunt Russian (IA)

Susan Gettys (MO)

Terri Hyson Williams (CA)

* For the period June 26, 2019 thru October 21, 2019 34

National Parliamentarian • Fall 2019

NAP Connections

New Members*

(continued)

Roland Iredale (TX)

James La Belle (NEAP)

Katherine Monahon (SC)

Sandra Rice (GA)

James Irvin (PA)

Arnetta Lawrence (VA)

Barbara Morgan (DC)

Joanne Richardson (AL)

Sharon Jackson (NC)

Alane Laws-Barker (MI)

Mia Mosby (LA)

Jana Rittman (TN)

Kimberly Jackson (MD)

Jooho Lee (MI)

Danielle Roberts (AL)

Cynthia Jackson (IL)

KiTani Lemieux (LA)

Angela Mosley-Monts (AR)

Dorothy Jackson (DC)

Virda Lester (AL)

Marsha Jackson (NY)

Tracey Lewis (TX)

LeKeisha Jackson (GA)

Harriett Littlepage (AL)

Jonathan Jackson (OR)

Joanne Lozoya (CA)

Jeffrey Jacobs (FL)

Robert MacDonald (CA)

Karen Jallah (NY)

Lawrence Mullins (WV) Yolanda Murdock (TX)

Michelle Robertson (MD) Fatima Robinson (NY) Schnarda Robinson (GA)

Heather Murphy (MO) Lawrence Nattrass (CA)

Chamelia Robinson (TX)

Molly Ney (PA)

Juliea Robinson-Nelson (TX)

Elizabeth MacLean (NEAP)

Abigail Norsworthy (AR)

Lori Rocker (VA)

Howard Notgarnie (CO)

Pauline Rolle (FL)

Connie Madsen (WI)

Charles Oak (KY)

Thomas Rose (WA)

LaKreisha Jean (NJ)

Shana Malone (GA)

Rosalind Osgood (FL)

Barbara Rose (NJ)

Loretta Jennings (MS)

Ruth Marcus-Sturgis (PA)

Sabra Pacheco (NY)

Gyda Sabaugh (NY)

Lori Johnson (MO)

Louanne Marshall (OK)

John Pagan (EL)

Anthony Sandifer (VA)

Janet Johnson (TN)

Adam Marshall (NC)

Marlene Payne (TN)

Lili Savage (IL)

Cynthia Jones (CA)

Brenda Martin (GA)

Joshua Schreck (WA)

Doris Jones (NC)

Michelle Maxwell (IN)

Barbara PearsonMcCreary (IL)

Tamara Jones (TN)

Kurtis Mayz (IL)

Eldra Perry (TN)

Linda Jones (VA)

Tabatha McAllister (SC)

Krista Peyton (MO)

Kathryn Jones (IN)

Marianne McCombs (IN)

Gloria Pleasont (IL)

Susette Jones (NC)

Pheobe McCoy (KY)

Shaune Poole (FL)

Jacquelin Jones (FL)

Bryan McDowell (WI)

Trista Pope Fayton (VA)

Kendall Jones (MD)

Audrey McFarlin (IL)

Marianne Potter (WI)

Donna Joseph (NY)

Charlotte McKenzie (TX)

Allen Prescott (AL)

Collin Kaster (WA)

Claudine McLaren Turner (FL)

Comeletia Pyatt (SC)

Barbara James (TN) Mary Jo Jarecke (NE)

Beverly Kelly-Swann (FL) Yoshida Kirkwood (TX) Dansherryl Knapp (TN) Felicia Knowles (TN) Andrea Knowles (FL) Jacqueline Knox (SC) Elizabeth Kourtesis Fisher (FL)

Mary Meek (WI) Melanie Mendonca (NJ) Martine Menelas (NY) Curtis Mertz (ND) Clorinde Miller (FL)

Jacquelle Sconiers (FL) Shana Scott (GA) Donna Scott (GA) Janice Scott-Naylor (TN) Terrence Shanks (TX) Donnell Sheppard (PA) Juanita Sizemore (DC) Darlene Smith (GA) Nolene Smith (OH)

Alice Ratcliffe (TX)

Mary Soule (GA)

Barbara Reardon (IN)

Sarah Spansail (OR)

Helen Redding (IL)

Angela Spears (FL)

Laura Reed (PA)

Marianne Stallworth (IL)

Tujuania Reese (MO)

Valerie Miranda (TX)

Austin Reuter-Gameon (ID)

Laurie Mitchell (TX)

Ainsley Reynolds (NJ)

Betty Stevens (TN) Amber Stewart (AB) Cheyenne Stirek (WA)

* For the period June 26, 2019 thru October 21, 2019 www.parliamentarians.org

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NAP Connections

New Members*

(continued)

Thank you instructors!

Elke Suber (WA)

Freda Walker (OR)

Vikkie Wilkinson (NY)

Eunice Sumbler (TN)

Jennifer Wallace (IL)

Tawana Williams (TN)

Leigh Summerville (MS)

Eunice Waller (TN)

Lydia Williams (NC)

Linda Superville (TX)

Audra Ward (GA)

Noel Williams (FL)

A special thank you to the instructors of the aforementioned new members:

Kishna Tarver (MI)

Keith Warren (AL)

Dominique Williams (EL)

Aaron Taggert, PRP

Lillian Taylor (GA)

Princess Watson (TN)

Candiss Williams (NE)

Bonnie Murdah, PRP

Ernita Terry (SC)

A. LaShai Watson (TN)

Elois Williams-Bell (KS)

Cynthia Todd (AL)

Patricia Webb (TX)

Marcia Wilson (PA)

Lynn Webb (NJ)

Dusty Wilson (TN)

Stacey Travis (MI) Beverly Tribble (NC) Kelly Tribble Spencer (MD)

Jacqueline Wells (VA) Sharon Wells (NY) Charlotta Wells (VA)

Patricia Vann (AL)

Brandie Wesley (NC)

Cheryl Vaulx (SC) Aurora Vignau (MX) Jasmine Vonk (TX)

Sonya White-Porter (AL) Alicia Wiley (NC) Courtney Wiley-Harris (NY)

Kathryn Walker (MI)

Darnella Wilkerson (TX)

Dacia Robertson, PRP Dacia Robertson, PRP Darlene Allen, PRP

Steven Wilson (NC)

Deborah Underwood, RP

Nichole Wilson (IN)

Emma Faulk, PRP

Samuel Wilson (DC)

Gail Lover, RP

Manessa Wilson (AL) Kathryn Winsley (TN) John York (OH)

Sharion Wade (IL)

Cindy Hinckley, PRP

James Lawson, PRP Kay Crews, PRP Kevin Connelly, PRP Kirk Overbey, PRP

Hattie Young (FL)

Ramona Hill, PRP

Michael Zhao (CA)

Sandy Olson, PRP

* For the period June 26, 2019 thru October 21, 2019

Test Yourself

Answer Key Are You Present or Absent? from page 16

The exact quotation may be found in the following sections of RONR (11th ed.) for each citation.

1. § 56

3. § 8

6. § 10

2. § 10

4. § 57

7. § 10

5. § 41

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National Parliamentarian • Fall 2019

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