National Parliamentarian (Vol. 83, No. 4) by National Association of Parliamentarians

Volume 83, No. 4 | Summer 2022

National Parliamentarian

Innovation: T h e R oa d to G r e at

Leading Through Transition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 5 Soar to New Heights at the 2022 NTC . . . . . . . . .

page 19

Book Review – Henry Martyn Robert: An American Hero . . . . . . .

page 34

Leadership 2O22

NAP Conference August 26-27, 2022 Virtual Meeting

Attention

Association and Unit Leaders

Learn everything you need to know about being an association or unit leader in NAP but didn’t know who—or what—to ask.

2022 NAP Virtual Leadership Conference August 26-27, 2022 Register today for this virtual, interactive conference and get ready to learn from and share ideas with your fellow leaders.

Watch your email for details.

NP 2021-2023 NAP Officers President Wanda M. Sims, PRP Vice-President Alison Wallis, PRP Secretary Mona Y. Calhoun, PRP Treasurer Henry C. Lawton, PRP Directors-at-Large Carl Nohr, PRP Adam Hathaway, PRP Mary Q. Grant, PRP District Director Representatives Lucy H. Anderson, PRP Deborah A. Underwood, PRP Parliamentarian Timothy Wynn, PRP Legal Advisor Melanye Johnson, RP Executive Director Cynthia Launchbaugh

National Parliamentarian Volume 83, No. 4 | Summer 2022

Contents

From the Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 President’s Message Innovation: The Road to Great . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 FEATURES Leading Through Transition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 C. J. Mills, PRP and Jonathan Jacobs, PRP-R Drawing the Line on Amendments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Kirk Overbey, PRP The Power of NO! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Beverly Przybylski, PRP Are You Sure You Want to Censure? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 David Mezzera, PRP Developing a “Presiding Presence” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Carl Nohr, PRP Special Section 2022 NAP Training Conference Soar to New Heights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NAP Heads to Albuquerque . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Educational Sessions – What to Expect . . . . . . . . . A Unique Experience to Remember . . . . . . . . . . . . . Schedule at a Glance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Educational Sessions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Where to Stay & How to Get There . . . . . . . . . . . . . Registration and Activity Fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NAPEF – Dinner & Wine Tasting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19 20 20 21 22 24 30 32 33

DEPARTMENTS Book Review Henry Martyn Robert: Writer of the Rules, An American Hero . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 By Professor Joseph F. O’Brien Compiled, Edited and Expanded by Dr. Leonard M. Young, PRP Reviewed by Elizabeth Wong Test Yourself? Questions & Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

NAP’s Vision: To provide parliamentary leadership to the world

NAP Connections South Carolina House of Representative Resolution . . . . 41 Presented to the South Carolina Association of Parliamentarians New Registered Parliamentarians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Silent Gavels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 New Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 www.parliamentarians.org

National Parliamentarian

Official publication of the National Association of Parliamentarians® 213 S. Main Street • Independence, MO 64050-3808 816.833.3892 • 888.627.2929 hq@nap2.org • www.parliamentarians.org

Editor Rosalie H. Stroman, PRP npeditor@nap2.org

Assistant Editor TennieBee Hall

NP Review Committee Dana Dickson, RP-R, Chair Ronald Dupart, PRP Ferial Bishop, PRP

Parliamentary Research Committee Ann Homer, PRP Rachel Glanstein, PRP Azella Collins, PRP Timothy Wynn, PRP, Parliamentarian/Consultant

NATIONAL PARLIAMENTARIAN®

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Subscription and change-of-address requests should be directed to NAP at the above address. Annual subscription: $30 • Single copy: $8

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Submission Deadlines Volume 84, No. 1 (Fall 2022) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . August 1, 2022 Volume 84, No. 2 (Winter 2023) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . November 1, 2022 Volume 84, No. 3 (Spring 2023) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 1, 2023 2 National Parliamentarian • Summer 2022

From the Editor The final details about the 2022 NAP Training Conference (NTC) in historical Albuquerque are included in this issue of National Parliamentarian®. The coordinators have planned for a variety of speakers and educational sessions. The NTC provides an opportunity to learn from the experts in parliamentary procedure and to connect with our colleagues. The subjects of the feature articles in this issue are varied. C. J. Mills and Jonathan Jacobs focus on leading through transition. Kirk Overbey looks at amendments from a different angle. Beverly Przybylski discusses the power of the no vote while David Mezzera addresses the meaning of censure. Carl Nohr covers the many factors that make for effective presiding. See NAP Connections for the South Carolina House of Representatives resolution commending the South Carolina Association of Parliamentarians for its work in the state. Questions & Answers is a long-standing column in National Parliamentarian® that provides general answers or advice (not formal, official opinions). We invite you to submit questions to the research team who will give thorough answers to your questions. Please send your questions and contributions to npeditor@nap2.org. Rosalie H. Stroman, PRP

www.parliamentarians.org

President’s Message

Innovation: The Road to Great Three years ago, there were not many people who could tell you what Zoom was. However, as the conditions during the pandemic forced us to find new ways to interact, that word has become synonymous with meeting virtually. Necessity is the mother of invention and technology has helped us to adapt, as an organization and as parliamentarians serving our clients. Going from good to great also requires innovation using technology. NAP has offered archived webinars as a source of education. However, growing as an organization will require further adaptation. Our mission is to deliver parliamentary education to the world, not just our members or our units and associations. We are working to create programs for members and non-members who can train as their schedules permit thus enabling them to better lead and serve their organizations. A new initiative is underway to implement NAP University—a learning management system and a medium-term partnership that will allow NAP to fundamentally enhance its educational output and revolutionize the user experience. NAP University will enable us to deliver content in a more efficient manner and empower us to create content that will meet our members and non-members where they are—not where we are. In addition, NAP University will allow us to reduce the number of technology platforms it uses and provides opportunities to continue to reduce those platforms in the future while integrating financial data into one system. This initiative isn’t just a platform change or strategy, it is a road. A road that we are building today so that NAP can continue its journey from good to great. By keeping technology as our focus, NAP will continue to thrive, grow, and innovate as we deliver world-class education to the world. Wanda M. Sims, PRP 2021-2023 NAP President 4 National Parliamentarian • Summer 2022

Leading Through Transition C. J. Mills, PRP and Jonathan M. Jacobs, PRP-R, CPP

None of us is going to be around forever. We age, and with age, comes change; that is the nature of life. These changes, whether due to death, declining health, a change in lifestyle, or term limits in office or position, can leave a gap in some important functions of the society. The gap created by these changes can also occur in the professional practices of parliamentarians. True leadership, both within a profession and an organization, is characterized by preparation for that inevitable transition. The need for transition can come about for a number of reasons. It may be due to limitations internal to a society, e.g., term limits. You may have done a particular job well for years, but term limits placed in the bylaws prevented you from continuing in the position. Due to poor health, slowing down, or waning desire, you decline to stay in the position. Your inability to continue to serve may cause questions and frustration among those members of the society who consider you the only person who should hold the position. The organization, however, needs to go on; it cannot let some vital function stop because you are no longer doing it. No person should be indispensable. Robert’s Rules of Order Newly Revised, 12th edition (RONR, 12th ed.)1 notes that “rotation in office is desirable,” and suggests term limits (56:31).2 Rotation in office may ensure persons do not become

ensconced in positions of power. It has the additional benefit to the society; it forces new people to learn the skills needed for the position. Even in situations where there are no term limits, the incumbent can still prepare for the inevitable transition. A suggested part of an effective transition plan is to establish, formally or informally, an assistant or assistants to the officer who would serve as an “understudy” or intern for the position. These assistants will not automatically succeed to vacancy in the office; they are there to understand the functions of that office. This may include concurrent opportunities in the same position for multiple individuals. In some cases, this “understudy” position may be found in committees associated with the office. For example, members of the finance or auditing committee may develop an understanding of the functions of the treasurer because of www.parliamentarians.org

Leading Through Transition their close working relationship with the treasurer. Some committees are not associated with officers. For example, the program committee of a convention is not associated with one particular office. Sometimes, the membership of a committee may not change; the same people continue on the committee year in, year out. In this type of situation, it would be advantageous for new members to be added to the committee, to learn from the more experienced members. Another suggested part of a transition plan is that the people involved keep a record of what they do or how they do it. This can include creating an official “policy manual” that establishes the methods for doing certain tasks. One example would be a credentials report form, with a sample, created by the credentials committee, and included in the policy manual. This manual would be formally adopted by the assembly. The record can also be memoranda, including description of processes used, that are not officially incorporated into any established rule. The difference between the two is the difference between standing rules and custom. In a recent article, the authors looked at how an assembly can deal with the incapacity of an officer.3 The suggestions made here can be viewed as preparation in case that happens, 6 National Parliamentarian • Summer 2022

though these preparations also include committee members. Transition of professional abilities from one parliamentarian to other parliamentarians functions quite differently. In the course of professional employment, parliamentarians may serve as a meeting/convention parliamentarian, serve as a professional presider, write opinions, and teach a workshop on some aspect of parliamentary procedure. These skills are generally shared at the professional qualifying level; all Professional Registered Parliamentarians have some training in these areas. There are some areas that very few parliamentarians will handle due to their complexity, exotic nature, or due to lack of opportunity. One such area is extreme disciplinary action, i.e., removing a member or an officer. Another is serving as a faction parliamentarian, (called a “floor parliamentarian” or “coup master”),4 i.e., one that advises a faction on how to legitimately accomplish its goals. Since many parliamentarians do not deal with these very exotic situations, there are comparably few who have the necessary expertise to carry either out. Without a transition from one experienced professional to another, these specialized skills could be lost. One way to lead through transition is to invite a fellow parliamentarian to observe or

“shadow” you while doing some of these more contentious activities. The client’s permission is needed, of course. Another way to pass this on is to write about it for publication. Decades from now, other parliamentarians can avail themselves of the recorded experiences of parliamentarians today. Teaching workshops is also a good method of educating others. In a recent article, the authors looked at how an assembly can deal with the incapacity of an officer.4 The suggestions made here can be viewed as preparation in case that happens, though they are not limited to officers. Your experience with these and other unique parliamentary procedure issues makes you a leader. You are a leader, even if you do not have an official title. As a leader, you are the best person, and perhaps the only person, that can begin the process of transition. The key is not only to share your knowledge, but to encourage others to receive it. NP

Endnotes 1 Robert, Henry M., Robert’s Rules of Order Newly Revised, 12th Edition. Eds. Sarah Corbin Robert, Henry M. Robert, III, William J. Evans, Daniel H. Honemann, Thomas J. Balch, Daniel E. Seabold, Shmuel Gerber, New York: Public Affairs, 2020. 2 “Rotation in office,” was originally used to refer to political appointees of the US President being replaced by a new administration. Also known as the “Spoils System,” from the adage “To the victor belong the spoils,” the phrase dates from the Andrew Jackson administration. https://www.encyclopedia.com/ history/dictionaries-thesaurusespictures-and-press-releases/ rotation-office In RONR, 12th edition, the phrase “rotation in office” is synonymous with term limits. 3 “Willing But Unable: Incapacity and the Incumbent,” National Parliamentarian, Fall 2021. 4 “The Art of the Coup d’etat,” Parliamentary Journal, October 2005.

Cynthia Jean “C. J.” Mills, PRP, is the secretary of the Pennsylvania Association of Parliamentarians and a member of the Parliamentarians of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Unit. She became a member of NAP in 2011 and PRP in 2018.

Jonathan M. Jacobs, PRP-R, CPP, is the former president of the Pennsylvania Association of Parliamentarians, former president and current secretary of the Delaware Valley Unit, and former Parliamentary Research Editor of National Parliamentarian®. www.parliamentarians.org

Drawing the Line on

Amendments Kirk Overbey, PRP

Have you ever wondered what it would be like to process a tertiary or third-degree amendment? Since most of us find secondary amendments to be daunting, the parliamentary rule against tertiary amendments is intellectually satisfying, if not emotionally comforting. I once dared to allow a tertiary amendment when my client— a board of directors—struggled with a resolution for over an hour. While a secondary amendment was pending, a director exclaimed, “I’ve got it!” and blurted out a solution to the snag. Directors smiled and nodded their heads. Rather than drag this unskilled board through the proper procedure of declaring a tertiary amendment out of order, encouraging the defeat of the secondary amendment, and properly introducing the solution as a secondary amendment (RONR 12th ed. 12:12), I advised the president to approve the tertiary amendment by unanimous consent (RONR 12th ed. 25:16). All agreed, the resolution was swiftly adopted, and the board took up the next item of business. Not all complex situations are easily handled by a unanimous consent suspension of the rules and the prohibition against tertiary amendments is a good one. No doubt, the rule was developed through experience. Luther Cushing said that tertiary amendments “would be such a piling of questions one upon another, as would lead to great embarrassment…the line must be drawn somewhere…” (Cushing’s Manual of Parliamentary Practice, section 96). Cushing was clerk for the Massachusetts House in the 1830s and just might have encountered such embarrassment. I can visualize the speaker rapping the gavel and exclaiming “That’s it! No more tertiary amendments.” Indeed, the line must be drawn somewhere. While primary and secondary amendments are ensconced in the parliamentary lexicon, few would welcome the quaternary or quinary degree. But are such amendments even logically possible? Overwhelmed with curiosity, I 8 National Parliamentarian • Summer 2022

concocted such a scenario. A series of higher degree amendments can be generated using substitutes. The NAP Bylaws are partitioned to the fifth level: I, 1, A, 1, and a). Here’s an example of amending to the seventh degree, using a hypothetical revision of the NAP bylaws. Main Motion: Adopt the proposed revision to the NAP Bylaws. Primary:

Amend Article IX, Committees by substituting [etc.]

Secondary:

Amend Section 1. Standing Committees, by substituting [etc.]

Tertiary:

Amend paragraph A. Composition, Accountability…by substituting [etc.]

Quaternary:

Amend subparagraph 1. by substituting [etc.]

Quinary:

Amend part a) by substituting “The membership extension and retention committee shall consist of the district directors.”

Senary:

Amend by adding “and the state association presidents or the state association president’s designee”.

Septenary:

Amend by striking out “or the state association president’s designee”.

Now imagine the possibilities along the way for parallel amendments. While the secondary amendment is pending, several independent tertiary amendments could be considered sequentially. While a tertiary amendment is pending, several quaternary amendments, and so forth. Fortunately, the line was drawn long ago—a blessing for parliamentarians and a safeguard for everyone else. NP Kirk Overbey, PRP, is a former president of the Texas State Association of Parliamentarians. He enjoys unraveling the predicaments of his clients and looking at parliamentary procedure from odd angles. He holds master’s degrees in engineering and business. www.parliamentarians.org

The Power of

NO! Beverly Przybylski, PRP

When taking a voice vote, the “no” vote, even by the minority, is frequently louder than the “affirmative” vote. In a recent association meeting attended by about a dozen members, a voice vote was taken after which the chair announced, “The noes have it and the motion is lost.” As parliamentarians, we often look for learning opportunities. A member saw such an opportunity (he may have also doubted the announced results of the vote) and called for a division.1 Upon taking a rising vote, the chair discovered that only three members voted against the motion and there were far more members who stood when asked if they were in favor. For some reason, the “no voters” just seemed to be louder or more passionate when voicing their vote. But the power of the “no” vote isn’t just about saying it louder. The rules of parliamentary procedure actually gives the advantage to the member who wants to disapprove the motion. Simply put, it takes more votes to adopt a motion than it does to defeat a motion. A motion is defeated if there is an equal number of people in favor as against.2 A group opposed to a motion only needs a tie to defeat it, where it is necessary to have more than half (a majority) to adopt a motion.3 This rule applies to most motions. For some motions, it takes two-thirds to adopt. In that case, the 10 National Parliamentarian • Summer 2022

minority only needs a little more than one-third to vote against a motion in order to win the day—or at least derail the motion from its present course. “No” is only a two-letter word, yet carries a lot of power. There are only two one-letter words—“A” and “I,” but there are over one hundred two-letter words. You can hear the power of the word “no” when stated earnestly—NO! Can you do the same with “it,” “be,” “eh,” or “do”? These words just don’t carry the same tone as an emphatic NO! So, getting back to the weight of the “no” vote, in my view, “no” is stronger or weightier than “yes.” It is more powerful. In order to adopt a motion, there must be more yeses than noes, which gives an edge to “no.” If you think of it as a race, “no” begins in the lead. Let’s look at another way a member can say “no”: Point of Order.4 This is a member’s exclamation of “no” to the presiding officer, who is stating, “I do not agree…and you are required to rule on the matter.” The same can be said for Appeal (from the Decision of the Chair).5 In the first example, only one member is necessary to say, “no.” The 1 RONR (12th ed.) 4:52 2 RONR (12th ed.) 44:12 3 RONR (12th ed.) 1:6 4 RONR (12th ed.) 23:1 5 RONR (12th ed.) 24:1

Appeal will come before the members for a vote, but the mover and seconder made clear statements of “no,” even if voted down. Another is Call for the Orders of the Day.6 This is similar to telling the chair, “No, you’re headed in the wrong direction.” Although not pointed out in the story in the first paragraph, but still true, calling for a division is another way of saying “no.” A division is just a way a member says to the chair, “No, I don’t believe I heard the same thing as you; let’s vote again, but next time do it differently.” How about Objection to the Consideration of the Question?7 While the members may not say NO!, the motion just left the gate and a member can stop it before it builds up any steam, in effect, saying, “No, let’s not talk about that!” Very similar to this motion is Postpone Definitely,8 that is an attempt to say, “No, let’s not make a decision about that now!” Another stopping mechanism is the motion Previous Question,9 which essentially says, “No more talk! Enough!” (Did you notice that the word “no” is in “enough”?) The motion to Adjourn10 says, “No more meeting! It is time to go home. We’re done here.” Although not related to actual voting, the requirement to have a quorum11 is similar to saying “no.” It is a statement that unless there are a certain number

of members present at the meeting, no meeting can be validly held. In a recent conversation, a unit member (who, in her professional life, is an audiologist), stated that the word “no” is actually a more powerful sounding word than “yes.” The vowel “o” comes from the back of the throat and is carried by air forced through the mouth, while a consonant, in this case the “s” in “yes” comes from the front of the mouth, the lips and teeth. There is no vigor to “yes.” So, when a determined few members shout the word “no,” it can be misheard as more, not simply louder. I hope you didn’t miss the double entendre. The “no” vote, when stated strongly, loudly, and forcefully, can seriously affect the decision of the group if misheard by the chair and not questioned by the members. But so is the strength of many motions that are, in effect, saying “no” by stopping or slowing down the decision-making process. An easy solution is to take the vote with a show of hands, authorized voting cards, or electronic devices, because the effect of “no” is very powerful. NP 6 RONR (12th ed.) 18:1 7 RONR (12th ed.) 26:1 8 RONR (12th ed.) 14:1 9 RONR (12th ed.) 16:1 10 RONR (12th ed.) 6:12(4) 11 RONR (12th ed.) 3:3

Beverly Przybylski, PRP, began studying parliamentary procedure when she was faced with taking on a leadership role in a large organization. She joined NAP in 2007 and has been a PRP since 2011. She serves local, state, national, and international organizations as a parliamentarian, bylaws consultant, and presiding officer. She is currently serving her second term as president of the Oregon Association of Parliamentarians, and was recently elected to a second term as president of the Rose City Unit. She also serves on the board of the Washington State Association of Parliamentarians as the MAL representative. www.parliamentarians.org

Are You Sure You Want to Censure?

David Mezzera, PRP

In observing politics, or the world of finance, or your own professional organizations, chances are you have encountered situations in which someone’s actions are so egregious that there is a call to censure the offender. We certainly hear about censure in the realm of national politics, but what exactly does censure mean in such a situation? Would it help to look up the term in RONR’s Index to understand the effect of calling for a censure? Well, let’s try that. Hmmm, let’s see…page 661 in the 12th edition Index… Not much there but a couple of section:paragraph references. But let’s look at those specific citations [all taken from RONR, 12th edition, 2020] and see what we can learn about censure: Censure is a possible reaction to someone’s unfavorable or inappropriate actions. [12:20] Censure is one of four punishments that can be imposed by an organization on an offending member (the other three being a fine if allowed by the bylaws, suspension of membership, or expulsion from the organization). [61:2] An organization has some options to deal with an out-of-order member at a meeting: require an apology, censure, removal from the hall, suspending the member’s rights, or expulsion from the organization. [61:15] 12 National Parliamentarian • Summer 2022

A member may be censured even without full disciplinary procedures. [61:2n1] A motion to censure is a main motion and is debatable and amendable and requires a majority vote to adopt. [10:56-57] Unlike other proceedings, a motion to censure may include harsh language. [39:7] Interestingly, a motion to commend may be amended to become a motion to censure or vice versa. [12:20] When the chair is the subject of a motion to censure, he turns the chair over to the vice president or other appropriate temporary occupant during deliberations of the motion. [47:10] There is no explicit definition of censure in RONR; there is no specified resulting action other than announcing, “(Name) is censured.” And that’s about it in RONR. It’s still a little unclear what censure really means or its effect. But if you’re interested in this topic and its political ramifications, read on. In the United States Congress, a censure is a formal majority vote to disapprove of a member’s conduct that requires the offender to receive a verbal rebuke and a reading of the censure resolution by the Senate or House chair. It is essentially a form of public humiliation and the most serious form of punishment short of expulsion that

Congress can impose on one of its own. Although the U.S. Constitution grants impeachment and conviction powers, and the power to expel members to the House of Representatives and Senate, the document does not mention censure. Each of those bodies is able to adopt its own rules allowing resolutions that provide for a “rebuke,” “condemnation,” “denouncement” or censure of members. There are no legal or financial consequences that come with a censure, but members of Congress who have been censured are required to give up any committee chairs they hold. Like a reprimand, a censure does not remove a member from their office so they retain their title, stature, and power to vote. The main difference is that a reprimand is considered a “slap on the wrist” and can be given in private and even in a letter. A censure, on the other hand, is a form of public shaming in which the politician must stand before his or her peers to listen to the censure resolution. It relies on the target’s sense of shame or their constituents’ subsequent disapproval, without which it has little practical effect except possibly that it could tarnish the member’s reputation so badly that they might not be re-elected or choose to run again. Only nine U.S. Senators have ever been censured (including two in 1902 who were called out for physically fighting in the Senate chambers!). David

Durenburger (R-MN) is the most recent Senator censured (in 1990) for unethical conduct in personal business dealings, Senate reimbursements, and using campaign contributions for personal use. He was denounced by a vote of 96-0. Twenty-four House of Representatives members have been censured. In 2010, former Rep. Charles Rangel (D-NY), was censured by a vote of 333-79 for eleven ethics violations including improper solicitation of campaign funds and failure to pay federal taxes. And more recently Rep. Paul Gozar (R-AZ), in 2021, was censured by a vote of 223-207 for posting a manipulated video on his social media accounts depicting himself killing Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and attacking President Joseph Biden. This author’s guess is that censure is probably never used as a reprimand in an NAP parliamentary study unit—and rarely used in the non-parliamentary world. Have you actually seen it used in person? If it is used and you are sought as a parliamentary consultant, remember that a resolution to censure someone is just that—a motion to reprimand or admonish a member. It is open to debate, amendment, and majority vote. If passed, it becomes an oral or written rebuke or harsh criticism of the offending member, tantamount to an expression of disapproval without any further disciplinary action attached to it. Are you sure you want to censure? NP

David Mezzera, PRP, is a past president of the California State Association of Parliamentarians and past District 8 Director.

www.parliamentarians.org

Developing a “Presiding Presence” Carl Nohr, PRP

We all know that person who seems to be a natural at presiding. They make effective use of members’ time, demonstrate impartiality to the issues, and provide effective meeting control without seeming to do anything special. It is difficult to describe exactly what it is about them that gives them this “presence.” A presiding officer is one of the essential officers for conduct of business in a deliberative assembly1. Robert’s Rules of Order Newly Revised (12th ed.) (RONR) states that a presiding officer should be well versed in parliamentary law2 and should be impartial.3 Other recommended qualities are tact and common sense.4 RONR also states, “The presiding officer of an assembly—especially of a large one—should be chosen principally for the ability to preside.”5 What is this ability, and how do we acquire it? This article explores the author’s proposition that the “ability to preside” can be learned by everyone. RONR provides the basics of presiding behavior. Everyone’s ability can be substantially increased by adding 14 National Parliamentarian • Summer 2022

an understanding of non-verbal communication. By combining this with a willingness to study and change personal behavior, everyone can develop a “presiding presence.” The acquisition and improvement of presiding skills aligns with the NAP Body of Knowledge. Leaders should be able to demonstrate efficient and effective presiding techniques.6 Consultants must train and assist presiding officers to preside effectively.7 Sitting and Standing While Presiding RONR provides presiding officers with information about where to sit and when to stand. 1 RONR (12th ed.) 3:6 2 RONR (12th ed.) 47:6 3 RONR (12th ed.) 43:29 4 RONR (12th ed.) 47:6 5 RONR (12th ed.) 47:6 6 NAP Body of Knowledge, Leaders Domain 1: Conduct of Meetings, National Association of Parliamentarians 7 NAP Body of Knowledge, Consultants Domain 3: Serving as Parliamentarian in Meetings & Conventions, National Association of Parliamentarians

The presiding officer should be placed in a room so that, even when seated, he can see the entire hall and all present can see him.8 This is important for bidirectional verbal and non-verbal communication. The presiding officer should stand to perform several functions. She stands when calling a meeting to order or declaring it adjourned, and while putting a question to vote (except in a small board or a committee).9 She should also stand while explaining her reasons for a ruling on a point of order (if the explanation entails more than a few words) or when speaking during debate on an appeal or a point of order that she has submitted to the judgment of the assembly.10 The presiding officer should be seated when a member speaks in debate. If, when seated, the presiding officer is unable to see the members, she may remain standing, but should step back slightly while the member is speaking.11 The presiding officer can otherwise sit as he finds convenient—provided that even when seated he can see the entire hall and all present can see him.12 He may stand at any time if needed to preserve order, or for any other presiding role requiring the assembly’s full attention. How should the presiding officer stand? An erect and balanced posture, feet slightly apart with one foot a little forward and hands at the side,

provides a stable stance, and conveys a message of confidence and authority. Appropriate Words for Presiding RONR contains numerous samples of words for members and presiding officers to use in meeting management. In addition, many excellent publications contain material to assist presiding officers in their choice of words.13,14 At other times, presiding officers may choose their own words. In such settings, they should use “strong” language. Consider the different message the following two paragraphs convey. The NAP office is in critical need of renovations. Please donate generously to ensure the future of our great organization. It looks like the NAP office could probably use some improvements. If you like, you could perhaps consider donating to help a little with some renovations. The first paragraph is written in “strong” language, and the second in “weak” language. 8 RONR (12th ed.) 3:7 9 RONR (12th ed.) 47:9 10 RONR (12th ed.) 47:9 11 RONR (12th ed.) 47:9 12 RONR (12th ed.) 47:9 13 Master the Meeting: Practice with Scripts, National Association of Parliamentarians Educational Resources Committee, 2021 14 Parliamentary Playbook, National Association of Parliamentarians Education Committee, 2021 www.parliamentarians.org

When speaking, verbal fillers also dilute the strength of what is said. Verbal fillers include “uhm,” “you know,” and “like.” Presiding officers should eliminate these from their speech patterns. In addition to the words used, the tone of the voice and the placement of emphasis on certain words, also contribute substantially to what will be understood by the members. Consider the different messages given by emphasis on each of the three words in the sentence, “I love you”: “I love you,” “I love you,” and “I love you.” Each conveys a different meaning. A wise presiding officer ensures the use of correct tone and emphasis to convey the correct message to the assembly. Appropriate Tone of Voice for Presiding Officers RONR states that the appropriate tone of voice for presiding officers is calm and deliberate.15 Regardless of what is happening at the meeting, this is essential for the members to have confidence in the ability of the presiding officer to control the meeting. The presiding officer should be sufficiently self-aware to detect if his tone is changing for the worse. Unless immediately reparable, it would be wise to ask the assembly to stand at ease for a minute while the presiding officer collects himself and can reestablish an appropriate tone. If he is unable to do so, he should expect a point of order to be raised regarding 16 National Parliamentarian • Summer 2022

his tone, and possibly further sanctions from the floor.16 In dealing with any case of disorder in a meeting, the presiding officer should especially maintain a calm, deliberate tone—although he may become increasingly firm if a situation demands it. Under no circumstances should the chair attempt to drown out a disorderly member—either by his own voice or the gavel—or permit himself to be drawn into a verbal duel.17 Non-Verbal Communication for Presiding Officers Communication is the imparting or exchange of information for a purpose. While there is debate in the research community about the relative contribution of verbal and non-verbal communication, there is agreement that non-verbal communication (NVC) contributes significantly to the message. What message should a presiding officer communicate? An effective presiding officer will communicate a message of expertise, impartiality, and fairness. A presiding officer can say he is an expert, impartial and fair, but should affirm and amplify this message with appropriate NVC. The elements of NVC are posture, hand gestures, eye contact, tone of voice, facial expressions, and overall appearance. 15 RONR (12th ed.) 61:9 16 RONR (12th ed.) 62:2-15 17 RONR (12th ed.) 61:9

When standing, posture should be erect, facing the assembly, with feet slightly apart and one foot slightly forward. Leaning, swaying, and crossing the legs should be avoided. Hands should be at the side, unless used in meaningful natural gestures that complement the words being spoken. The hands should not come above the middle of the chest as higher placement of the hands indicates strong emotion rather than calmness. Upward facing palms indicate openness and honesty. Hands in pockets convey disinterest and boredom and create an opportunity for distracting noises from keys and coins. If the presiding officer walks, he should move with deliberation and purpose. When seated, the officer’s posture should be slightly relaxed. The hands should be visible and still, except for occasional gestures that are concordant with the words being spoken. The hands should be kept below the middle of the chest. Objects on tables should not be unnecessarily moved. Nodding and shaking of the head convey approval or disapproval, and should be eliminated. Touching the face or neck, and playing with hair, jewelry, or pens, are placating gestures. They convey a message of discomfort or lack of confidence, and should be avoided. Eye contact is an essential method to communicate with individuals, and is a component of meeting control. Eye contact can be used to recognize a member, or to convey that the

behavior of the member is of interest to the presiding officer, and not necessarily in a good way! When it is not necessary to look at a specific member, the presiding officer should be scanning the assembly as well as support personnel. Facial expressions are widely appreciated as an important communication tool. The presiding officer should display an expression of interest and openness, but may adopt a sterner appearance if needed for meeting control. Facial expressions of anger or contempt are never useful. Hopefully, the well-prepared presiding officer will never have occasion to display an expression of surprise! In addition to the well-known facial expressions, micro expressions are important. These are fleeting expressions that we have no control over, which expose our true emotions. The only way to manage these is to ensure that our emotions are sincere and controlled, so that they cannot betray us involuntarily. The overall appearance part of NVC is concerned with grooming and wardrobe. The complete appearance of the presiding officer should be consistent with what the members expect a leader to look like. Everything about the presiding officer should confirm what she wants the assembly to think of her and her abilities. “Unless an audience sees the right image, it doesn’t hear the right message.”18 18 Winning Body Language, Mark Bowden, McGraw Hill, 2010 www.parliamentarians.org

Ten Things to Do to Increase Our Ability to Preside Of course, greater understanding of parliamentary law, as well as practicing tact and common sense, will increase presiding ability. To complement these activities, the author concludes with a list of ten things each of us can do today to improve our NVC and consequently our “presiding presence.” They are: 1. Video record yourself. This is better than asking a friend for a critique; you may not get a useful appraisal. 2. Manage facial expressions. Read the same material with different attitudes; you’ll see the difference in your face. 3. Stop head nodding and shaking. This behavior indicates an opinion; avoid this and demonstrate impartiality. 4. Eliminate verbal fillers. The use of these diminishes the strength of your words. 5. Use “strong” language. Choose words that are positive and persuasive. 6. Stop apologizing. Unless it’s needed, in which case, apologize promptly and correctly. 7. Stop touching your face and neck. This is a self-comforting gesture and conveys a message of low confidence. 8. Stop playing with jewelry, pens, and other things. This is distracting. 9. Stop pointless gestures. These diminish rather than build your message. 10. Evaluate your wardrobe. Look and feel like the leader you are! Work through these steps to ramp up your “presiding presence” and boost your presiding ability. You can do it! NP

Carl Nohr, M.D., PRP, joined the NAP in 2013 and became a PRP in 2018. He serves as a Director, Vice Chair, Secretary, and Speaker for several associations. He is a student of good governance, meeting management, and decision making. He loves to share knowledge and believes we can all learn much from each other.

18 National Parliamentarian • Summer 2022

Soar to new heights.

2022 NAP Training Conference Albuquerque, NM Sept. 8-11, 2022

2022 NTC Are you ready to get away? To travel again? We are! Join us in Albuquerque, September 8-11, for the 2022 NAP Training Conference, the largest conference on parliamentary procedure in the country. It offers the highest caliber of training through more than 30 educational sessions presented by some of the top parliamentarians in the field. www.parliamentarians.org

2022 NTC

Albuquerque, NM Sept. 8-11, 2022

On the Road Again

NAP Heads to Albuquerque Events begin Thursday, September 8, at 12:00 p.m. with a lunch celebrating our members (included in registration). That will be followed by an orientation for those new to the training conference. The Annual Meeting will be the opening session for the conference, complete with a report of the association and its finances by President Wanda Sims, PRP, and Treasurer Henry Lawton, PRP, respectively. The welcome reception Thursday following the annual meeting will feature an exciting performance by Tablao Flamenco Albuquerque’s flamenco dancers. Come experience the passion and energy of this powerful art form. Tablao Flamenco Albuquerque is a unique partnership between Heritage Hotels and Resorts (owners of Hotel Albuquerque) and the National Institute of Flamenco. Together they are working to sustain and promote this cultural gem. Education takes center stage Friday and Saturday. Regardless of whether you are a volunteer parliamentarian or a Professional Registered Parliamentarian, you owe it to yourself and the organizations you serve to be the best you can be. There is always something new to learn at the NAP Training Conference. See you in September!

Educational Sessions

What to Expect

Learn

Connect

Explore

NAP’s Training Conference is all about the education—and the networking, of course. The caliber and diversity of the education is unique to the NAP conference. There will be more than 30 educational sessions for you to choose from this year. See page 24 for a list of Educational Sessions being offered. This list is subject to change. Please check www.napconference.org for any updates. 20 National Parliamentarian • Summer 2022

Come early and treat yourself to a well-deserved vacation over the Labor Day weekend!

Albuquerque, NM

A Unique Experience to Remember There is so much to do and see in Albuquerque and the surrounding area. Here are a few examples: • Tour Old Town Albuquerque, located just across the street from the Hotel Albuquerque. It offers exemplary dining and shopping options, art galleries, and even a winery. • Catch the ABQ Trolley at the hotel for a fully narrated, multimedia, guided tour of the area. • Visit the various museums and cultural centers in Albuquerque including the Museum of Art & History in Old Town, Indian Pueblo Cultural Center, New Mexico Museum of Natural History & Science, and the Balloon Museum. • Enjoy the ABQ Biopark—which includes the zoo, botanic garden, and aquarium—situated along the Rio Grande River near downtown. • Prepare for an amazing food experience that is a unique blend of Mexican, Native American, and Spanish flavors—the most important elements of which are red and green chiles. New Mexico’s “official state question” is “red or green?” Answer “Christmas” and try them both! Learn more about this culturally rich city at www.visitalbuquerque.org. www.parliamentarians.org

2022 NTC

Albuquerque, NM Sept. 8-11, 2022

SCHEDULE AT A GLANCE

2022 PRE-CONFERENCE EVENTS Schedule subject to change. See www.napconference.com for the latest information.

NAP PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT EVENTS Separate registration required

Tuesday, September 6, 2022 8:00 a.m.-6:30 p.m. – PRP Qualifying Examination (PQE) 8:30 a.m.-6:30 p.m. – PRP Renewal Certification (PRC)

Wednesday, September 7, 2022 8:00 a.m.-6:30 p.m. – PRP Qualifying Examination (PQE) 8:30 a.m.-6:30 p.m. – PRP Renewal Certification (PRC)

2022 CONFERENCE SCHEDULE Schedule subject to change. See www.napconference.com for the latest information.

Wednesday, September 7, 2022 8:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m. – Professional Qualifying Exam(s) 8:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m. – Professional Renewal Certification(s) 9:00 a.m.-4:00 p.m. – Board of Directors 3:00 p.m.-6:30 p.m. – Registration

Thursday, September 8, 2022 9:00 a.m.-7:00 p.m. – Registration/Bookstore 11:45 a.m.-1:00 p.m. – Lunch – Member Celebration 1:15 p.m.-2:30 p.m. – First Timers Orientation 3:00 p.m.-4:30 p.m. – Opening: Annual Meeting 5:00 p.m.-6:30 p.m. – Welcome Reception 6:30 p.m.-8:30 p.m. – NAPEF Board of Trustees 22 National Parliamentarian • Summer 2022

Friday, September 9, 2022 7:30 a.m.-9:00 a.m. – Buffet Breakfast 8:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m. – Registration/Bookstore 9:00 a.m.-10:15 a.m. – Educational Sessions 10:30 a.m.-11:45 a.m. – Educational Sessions 12:00 p.m.-1:45 p.m. – Lunch w/Strategic Planning Committee 2:00 p.m.-3:15 p.m. – Educational Sessions 3:30 a.m.-4:45 p.m. – Educational Sessions 5:00 p.m.-6:00 p.m. – NAPEF Annual Meeting 6:30 p.m.-8:30 p.m. – NAPEF Fundraising Dinner & Wine Tasting*

Saturday, September 10, 2022 7:30 a.m.-9:00 a.m. – Buffet Breakfast 8:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m. – Registration/Bookstore 9:00 a.m.-10:15 a.m. – Educational Sessions 10:30 a.m.-11:45 a.m. – Educational Sessions 12:00 p.m.-1:45 p.m. – Lunch w/Professional Responsibility & Member Discipline Committee 2:00 p.m.-3:15 p.m. – Educational Sessions 3:30 p.m.-4:45 p.m. – Educational Sessions 5:00 p.m.-5:30 p.m. – Closing Ceremony * Separate ticket required

More to do in Albuquerque • Cruise the nostalgic Route 66 as it winds through downtown Albuquerque. • Rise above it all on a hot air balloon ride. www.parliamentarians.org

2022 NTC

Albuquerque, NM Sept. 8-11, 2022

2022 NTC Educational Sessions Mastering the 13 Ranking Motions

Don’t Get Emotional About Motions

Kamala Allen, RP In this interactive workshop we will review the 13 ranking motions, demonstrate how to properly process each, and share tips to help attendees remember the rank of each of the 13 motions.

Charles Bass, PRP This presentation focuses on the basic skills for using RONR (12th edition). It is tailored for those just beginning their parliamentary procedure journey, but it is also a good refresher course for those who have been studying and using RONR for many years.

Motions on the Move: Incidental Main Motions Valoree Althoff, PRP Robert explains that an original main motion and an incidental main motion differ in the nature of their subject matter. When and how a motion is made can also affect its characteristics of how the motion is processed. Learn how to identify the differences to handle incidental main motions when they move between the categories.

Advanced Scenarios for Expert Parliamentarians American College of Parliamentary Lawyers, PRP This workshop will discuss different scenarios that parliamentarians might face in the course of working with clients, and how to handle complex situations.

24 National Parliamentarian • Summer 2022

Developing a Business Plan for Professional Parliamentary Consulting Robert B. Blair, PRP This session will demystify the business plan with a simple, interactive approach to increase the credibility of a professional parliamentary consulting practice. A business plan defines who you are, what you do, who you serve, and how you go about it. Examples, online tools, and references will be provided.

Unanimity, Consensus, and Consent Steven Bolen, PRP Democracy is messy. When conflict arises, societies are pushing for a consensus model of democracy, which means picking the right techniques to implement the intended consensus model, one which reflects the goals of the group. Learn how RONR addresses the issue, and understand the differences between agreement and non-disagreement or consent and non-opposition, all of which can help a presiding officer achieve their goals.

This list is subject to change. Please check www.napconference.org for an updated listing.

Robert’s Joker Card: The Reality Behind Suspending the Rules

Surviving or Thriving ? Getting Your Way at Electronic Meetings

Steven Bolen, PRP Viewed as the parliamentary “get out of jail free” card, organizations often resort to rule suspension to solve every problem. Misunderstanding leads to misuse. All of which can be clarified by understanding the interaction of the fundamental principles of parliamentary procedure with the motion to suspend the rules.

Kevin Connelly, PRP This workshop will explore various tactics and motions that can be used at electronic meetings to ensure that you, and your message, are heard. Participants will engage in discussing how to use the rules to their advantage.

Interpreting Ambiguous Bylaws Gregory Carlson, PRP Bylaws are a critical document for an organization. They define the organization’s purpose and most important rules. Unfortunately, bylaws also can be ambiguous or even contradictory. This presentation provides tools for interpreting ambiguous bylaws with examples inspired by real-life situations. Participants will see how rules of order, placed within bylaws, work.

The New RP Credentialing Process: What You Need to Know Commission on Credentialing This workshop will provide a thorough overview of NAP’s new RP Credentialing process, which is based on the NAP Body of Knowledge. It will cover what each step contains, what you need to know, and tips and techniques for taking the quizzes and preparing.

Special Rules of Order – An Ignored Compromise Lorenzo Cuesta, PRP Each document of governance offers a different balance between flexibility to amend a rule and stability by prohibiting its suspension. Sometimes a rule is placed in a document of governance desiring increased flexibility, but it inadvertently sacrifices stability. Special Rules of Order can provide an even more effective compromise between flexibility and stability.

Speed Dating Through Parliamentary Practice Lola Fehr, PRP In this highly interactive workshop, participants will learn from each other as they discuss strategic questions in small groups. The composition of the groups will change so that participants may meet other parliamentarians who might become consulting resources. Up to 20 different scenarios will be discussed.

www.parliamentarians.org

2022 NTC Voting Drama Kirby Glad, PRP Nothing can damage an organization like improper or suspicious voting procedures. The parliamentarian’s advice to the chair on the topic of voting will be remembered and talked about for years to come, especially when the vote is for an election or the adoption of a controversial bylaw. Find out what can interrupt or stop a vote, and how a vote can be challenged or even overturned.

Meeting Agendas – Highway to Heaven or Pathway to Hell? Kirby Glad, PRP An agenda can be a useful tool in making a meeting more effective and efficient—until it doesn’t. Some organizations spend more time debating the agenda than actually getting their business done. What causes this, and how can it be avoided? Learn how to use agendas to make the organization more successful in its work.

Albuquerque, NM Sept. 8-11, 2022

But I Want to Do It Another Way: Using Suspend the Rules W. Craig Henry, PRP Have you been in a meeting where you are completely mired in precedence, arguing the next action to take? Have you wished for a way to fix a proposal quicker than your rules provide? Or has someone else dominated the meeting because they “know the proper, only way” to do things. Meet the motion Suspend the Rules—it can be your new best friend.

Tales of a Weary Parliamentarian: When Knowing The Rules Is Not Enough to Get You By Channelle James, RP Assisting the presiding officer requires more than just knowing the rules. This workshop will prepare parliamentarians to assist with meeting strategy. Participants will focus on building a plan to prepare helpful strategies as they serve presiding officers.

Adventures in Presiding

Filling in the ____________ (Blank)

Adam Hathaway, PRP The role of presiding officer is crucial in keeping a meeting orderly, timely and productive. A confident, well-prepared, and resourceful presider can make or break a meeting, especially in the face of disruptive members and unexpected challenges. This session will focus on real-life situations using specific examples.

Atul Kapur, PRP This interactive, practical session will explain why, when, and how to create and fill blanks. You will practice/observe the methods to create a blank, make and debate suggestions, and decide how to fill the blank. You will be able to confidently handle blanks with ease and introduce the concept to organizations and guide them through the process.

26 National Parliamentarian • Summer 2022

This list is subject to change. Please check www.napconference.org for an updated listing.

Strike Out a Strike Out

Ratification Ramifications

Henry Lawton, PRP This presentation will explore 12:4612:50, to Strike Out Words. This can be confusing. After primary and secondary amendments to strike out word(s) have been adopted, the question is, what is left in the proposal?

Weldon Merritt, PRP This interactive session will explore the motion to Ratify, including the purpose of the motion, actions that can and cannot be ratified, and the dangers of relying on subsequent ratification to validate an otherwise invalid action. After an initial background discussion, participants will use a series of scripted scenarios to explore the topic.

The Test of a Model: Presiding Virtually Cynthia Mayo, PRP; Margie Booker, PRP This workshop will introduce an educational model designed for emerging and new presidents to use to develop skills of virtual presiding. It is a self-taught model for learning and practicing presiding virtually, as well as in person. It comprises six lessons (modules) with the opportunity to self-assess and make changes based on the self-assessment. A coach will assess and offer recommendations for improvements.

“All Good Things Must Come to an End” Or “It Ain’t Over ‘Til...” Laura Meade, PRP This workshop will explore the motions to Adjourn and Fix the Time to Which to Adjourn. We’ll have some basic information, some situations to share and consider, and then we’ll adjourn.

Wait a Minute! Making Sense of Meeting Minutes Rob Moore, RP In a disorganized association (or even an organized one!) minutes can be the only thing that keeps track of what qualifies as business. RONR (12th edition) only sets aside 11 pages for the treatment of minutes, though the topic receives numerous mentions throughout the text. How do we cobble this guidance together and apply it? How do we ensure that minutes are clear, comprehensive, and focused on the business of the meeting? How do we provide guidance to associations that are recording their own minutes for their own meetings? In this program, participants will explore answers to these questions, drawing from RONR, personal experience, and case studies of minutes from real associations.

www.parliamentarians.org

2022 NTC The Perfect Motion: How to Get What You Want at a Meeting Carl Nohr, PRP So you’re a member of an organization and you have a great idea! The chair tells you to write a main motion, move it, and try to get it adopted. In this workshop, we will study the essentials of a main motion, how to write a great motion, and how to persuade others to support it. We will also discuss how to amend main motions.

Intricacies of Amending Kirk Overbey, PRP Take a deep dive into the longest chapter in RONR, covering the concepts of germaneness, taking a bigger bite, and the settled rule. What further actions are allowed after a primary amendment is adopted or once it is lost? Participants will grapple with complex amending situations.

Emergence of the Two-Thirds Vote Kirk Overbey, PRP Nothing protects the democratic process like the two-thirds vote. But why not three-fourths or another ratio? Take a fun romp through history, from medieval family feuds and papal conclaves to the constitutional convention of 1787. Then add a little math and music theory for spice. Could there be a connection between Pythagoras and Henry Robert?

28 National Parliamentarian • Summer 2022

Albuquerque, NM Sept. 8-11, 2022

What Happened to My Script? Brian Pelkie, RP Scripts are a guide map the presider uses to make sure all parts of the meeting are properly addressed. Scripts are helpful to all the players; chair, secretary, parliamentarian and others, that help run a meeting or convention. Participants will receive tips and tricks to setting up a meeting script book that is useful for beginner and experienced chairs.

Remaining Impartial in a HIGHLY Charged Meeting Mark Schwarzbauer, RP As our culture and politics become increasingly polarized, the parliamentarian must rise up to the challenge of keeping meetings functioning smoothly and effectively. We need to HELP the chair remain impartial. We must demonstrate BEING impartial. And, we must PROTECT the minority in politically or selfishly motivated tense environments.

Now You’re a Parliamentarian: Where Do You Go from Here? Miriam Simmons, PRP; Lucy Hamilton Johnson, PRP Not everyone who gets a credential wants to go into business. What do you want to do? How can you find where you are needed? When does an organization need a parliamentarian? Participants will gain an understanding of developing a parliamentary practice, whether paid or not, and using the right skills to meet the needs of clients.

This list is subject to change. Please check www.napconference.org for an updated listing.

Effective Parliamentary Writing Alison Wallis, PRP Parliamentarians must be careful and effective writers in such areas as drafting bylaws and amendments to bylaws, writing parliamentary opinions that will be read by courts and clients, and in taking minutes and writing reports that may be read by posterity. Parliamentarians should use language to convey information and to be persuasive. Examples and recommended reference materials will be shared.

Trivia Party Kevin Wendt, PRP Come join us for a RONR-flavored trivia game! All levels are welcome as we learn and compete. We will be using a trivia scoring system to find out who the fastest experts might be! Team up or compete individually, but answer fast! An electronic device with internet capabilities will be required to participate in the scoring, but all can join us to learn more about parliamentary procedure.

When Statute and Bylaw Collide – Truth Is Stranger Than Fiction! David Whitaker, PRP; Brian Pelkie, RP; Barbara Proctor, PRP Believe it or not, there are statutory requirements all across the country that supersede bylaws, no matter

how well-intentioned the governing documents may be. This interactive workshop will illustrate some of those requirements so parliamentarians know what to look for in their states. Participants will share their own strange encounters when a bylaw contradicts the very essence of parliamentary law.

Answering Parliamentary Questions Tim Wynn, PRP This workshop examines principles and techniques for providing clear and accurate responses to parliamentary questions. Participants will review common and seemingly simple parliamentary questions from different points of view. The workshop will also analyze the components of drafting a written parliamentary opinion and provide practical tips for a smooth and efficient workflow.

Wielding the Ballot Tim Wynn, PRP This workshop is an extensive practical guide to voting by ballot, covering the applicable rules of parliamentary law, along with helpful tips and explanations, clearing up the common misunderstandings on balloting, elections, electing multiple board or committee members, appointing tellers, tabulating the votes, and handling doubtful ballots and illegal votes.

www.parliamentarians.org

2022 NTC

Albuquerque, NM Sept. 8-11, 2022

Where to Stay & How to Get There

The historic Hotel Albuquerque at Old Town will host the 2022 NTC. It combines the modern with the old-world charm that distinguishes this area and is just steps away from the cultural dining venues in Old Town. The 2022 NTC rate is $159 (plus taxes) for king or double rooms* The easiest way to reserve your room is online at www.napconference.org. Or call the hotel at 866.505.7829 and reference NAP Conference of 2209NATION_001. The conference rate is effective for stays beginning Friday, September 4, thru Monday, September 12. The discounted rate will also be extended for those arriving and departing three days before or after these dates, based on availability—so reserve your room early! * Reservation deadline is August 15. 30 National Parliamentarian • Summer 2022

Transportation to and from the Airport Hotel Albuquerque at Old Town is 6.2 miles from the Albuquerque Sunport airport. Ride sharing or taxis are the most affordable options at $25-$30 one way. If using Lyft, apply the discount code “hotelgold” for added savings. If driving to the hotel, the hotel offers complimentary self-parking. Hotel Albuquerque at Old Town 800 Rio Grande Blvd. NW Albuquerque, NM 87104 www.hotelabq.com

Our Gift to You When you check in at the NTC in Albuquerque, you will receive a special gift—this sharp polo shirt with this year’s theme embroidered on it. Select your size when registering for the in-person conference.

Saturday, September 10 will be NAP Shirt Day! If you registered prior to June 17, call the NAP office to let us know what size you need. www.parliamentarians.org

Albuquerque, NM Sept. 8-11, 2022

2022 NTC How to Register

Choose one of these convenient, secure options to register for the 2022 NAP Training Conference: • Register online at www.napconference.org/register • Register by mail or fax using the accompanying registration form • Register by calling 816.833.3892 Whichever method you use, be sure to register early and save!

Registration & Activity Fees Convention registration fees include online access to all submitted handouts; Member Celebration lunch Thursday; welcome reception Thursday; buffet breakfasts and lunches Friday and Saturday. One-day registration includes meals offered only on the selected day. FULL CONFERENCE

MEMBERS NON-MEMBERS STUDENTS

Early Bird (by July 31)

$450

$500

$225

Regular (August 1-24)

$475

$525

$240

On-site (after August 24)

$495

$550

$250

ONE-DAY CONFERENCE Early Bird (by July 31)

$235

$285

$115

Regular (August 1-24)

$260

$310

$130

On-site (after August 24)

$300

$330

$140

CANCELLATION POLICY Registration refund requests must be received in writing by NAP Headquarters no later than August 24, 2022. A $75 cancellation fee will apply. No refunds will be issued for no-shows or cancellations received after August 24, 2022. A $30 handling fee will be assessed for all returned checks.

32 National Parliamentarian • Summer 2022

www.parliamentarians.org

Book Review

A Book Review Elizabeth Wong

Professor Joseph F. O’Brien, Henry Martyn Robert: Writer of the Rules, An American Hero. Compiled, Edited, and Expanded by Dr. Leonard M. Young, PRP. Independence, Missouri, 2019, National Association of Parliamentarians®, 275pp.

Heroes of the nineteenth century in America include many notable persons. One additional person who should be added to this list is Henry Martin Robert (HMR) (1837-1923).

He wrote Robert’s Rules of Order (now in its 12th Edition) and Parliamentary Law in addition to several other books. His contribution to American society was to improve the process of democracy at the grassroots level. Being taught to understand parliamentary principles and procedure has not only provided the average person with the tools to conduct meetings fairly and efficiently, it has also improved organizational performance. The importance of learning parliamentary principles and procedure cannot be overstated. As the son of three generations of Huguenot pastors beginning with Pastor Pierre Robert, who came to 34 National Parliamentarian • Summer 2022

America in 1686 to “worship God as he chose”, HMR would have undoubtedly heard the biblical verse, Hosea 4:6 “My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge” during a church sermon reminding the congregation to remember your past. HMR’s birthplace, Robertville, South Carolina, was named after his great-grandfather and the War for Independence (a.k.a. Revolutionary War) hero John Robert, who served under Swamp Fox General Francis Marion. His son, James Jehu Robert, owned a plantation and was the Minister for the local Baptist church for 50 years. One of his 19 children, Dr. Joseph Thomas Robert, became a physician, an ordained Baptist minister, a college teacher, and president of Burlington University in Iowa. Dr. Robert is reported to have taken on much of the responsibility for educating his three children,

Book Review

including HMR. In this respect, HMR was fortunate to receive an excellent education that contributed greatly to his life and the development of our fledgling Judeo-Christian Constitutional Republic. In 1853, HMR entered the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, whose superintendent was Robert E. Lee, known for his “famous” and “infamous” exploits during the Civil War. The discipline and dedication that HMR displayed during this time helped to hone his exemplary mathematical skills which he applied to becoming a member of the Army Corps of Engineers and a soldier. He served in the U.S. Army for 44 years, earning the rank of “Brigadier General and Chief of Engineers.” His engineering accomplishments included forts, wagon trails, bridges, harbors, and the Galveston Sea Wall. During the time he was sent to Fort Cascade, Washington Territory to build a bridge over the Columbia River, HMR also found time to teach Sunday School at the Methodist Church. After a three-year courtship with Miss Helen Marie Thresher of Dayton, Ohio, during which time he saved $2000, he felt confident enough to propose. They were married in 1860 and eventually raised three children. In the midst of HMR’s career and marriage, Fort Sumter, South Carolina,

was fired upon on April 12, 1861, which set off the Civil War. A serious decision had to be made as to whether HMR would fight for the Confederacy or the Union. Despite the fact that his family lineage was originally from France via South Carolina, the Robert family was ardently against slavery and set an example by freeing all of their slaves in 1850. The family believed that “all people were their brother’s keepers.” As his conscience would permit, HMR made the fateful decision to fight for the Union, where he designed and helped build batteries at the Delaware breakwater and seaports in Massachusetts. During the Civil War in 1863, HMR was stationed in New Bedford, Massachusetts, and continued with extracurricular activities that included a reading circle where he was elected chair. He believed that he was woefully unprepared to be the chair as he “did not know the least thing about the difference in rank of motions, which were debatable, or which could be amended” and was, in fact, “just as ignorant as anyone could be” about parliamentary principles and rules of order. His ignorance and embarrassment did not prevent him from performing his duty as he appealed to Providence to help him lead the group. After the meeting, HMR determined that he would not be placed in such an awkward www.parliamentarians.org

Book Review

position again. He began educating himself about the proper rules of “ordinary motions according to rank, debatable questions, and of those that could not be amended.” Writing a biography about a prominent person is a daunting undertaking, but O’Brien and Young tackled this task by compiling numerous historical documents.

In addition, they interviewed HMR’s family members who provided his personal correspondence for review. They used this information to provide insight into how this great achiever critically examined his life experiences and applied his knowledge in a creative manner to solve a problem that benefitted himself and others into posterity. One example that O’Brien and Young provided included a time (1870-1871) when HMR was working full-time as an engineer while simultaneously serving as the Chair for both the Society for Fallen Women and the Chinese Sabbath School of the First Baptist Church in San Francisco, California. A handwritten report by HMR to the Chinese Sabbath School committee is the first parliamentary document obtained that demonstrated organizational skills and parliamentary acumen that HMR honed over the ensuing years after his initial reading circle debacle. Subsequently, HMR served on the board of several organizations and 36 National Parliamentarian • Summer 2022

recognized the need for a set of standardized rules of order for the lay person. He began an analytical study of the parliamentary manuals of his day that included, Barclay’s Digest of the Rules of the House of Representatives and Rules of the U. S. House of Representatives and Senate; Cushing’s Manual Rules of Proceedings and Debate in Deliberative Assemblies; Wilson’s A Digest of Parliamentary Law; and Robinson’s Warrington Manual. Notable differences between legislative bodies and ordinary societies began to take shape in his mind which would require HMR to modify parliamentary principles and procedure for the lay person. One such example contrasts legislative practice, wherein the two-party system requires that the parties are in nearly constant opposition, while the exact opposite—or cooperation—is required in ordinary societies. After his earnest study, he drafted A Pocket Manual of Rules of Order (1876) that every church or society member could use as a reference. The Pocket Manual was a rousing success and sold over 11,000 copies by 1890. Over the ensuing years, HMR was in demand as a presiding officer and served on twenty-five boards of engineers in addition to church and community organizations. He received numerous questions in-person and by mail regarding

Book Review

parliamentary principles and procedure. These inquiries, as many as thirty to forty per week, and HMRs thought-provoking responses helped to guide the subsequent revisions of his original work now titled, Robert’s Rules of Order. In effect, HMR became the de facto teacher of parliamentary principles and procedure to our nation. One year before his death, HMR published Parliamentary Law, where he describes the principles by which “the rules and customs governing deliberative assemblies” aid in ascertaining the will of the group on a question placed before it. Of note is the extensive Question and Answer section that is currently used by parliamentarians as a reference of professionalism when responding to inquiries. O’Brien and Young are to be commended for furnishing insight into the life of HMR, whose early education provided him with a biblical world view of fairness, order, and hard work. He demonstrated this ethos by the way he conducted his life— not only serving in the military as an engineer, but also serving as a volunteer board member for numerous

organizations. Two organizations have been developed to carry the torch lit by HMR: the Robert’s Rules Association (robertsrules.com), which continually updates the Robert’s Rules of Order now in its 12th edition, and the National Association of Parliamentarians® (NAP) (parliamentarians.org), whose mission is “To educate leaders around the world in effective meeting management through the use of parliamentary procedure”. NAP boasts a global membership, and uses Robert’s Rules of Order as its parliamentary principles and procedure bible. These two organizations, in addition to the books he wrote for the benefit of society worldwide, are evidence that Brigadier General Henry Martyn Robert is a true unsung hero of democracy and should be posthumously considered for the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian honor, or the Presidential Citizen’s Medal and/or the Congressional Gold Medal on the 100th anniversary of his death in 2023. The reviewer appreciates Teri Lentvogt, Vivian Jung, and Gerald Olsen, Retired Registered Parliamentarian, for reviewing the manuscript.

Elizabeth Wong (left) and Gerald Olsen, Retired Registered Parliamentarian (right). In 2010, Elizabeth became a member of the Zeta Chi / Channel Islands Unit, California Association of Parliamentarians, and NAP Member-at-Large. This book review is an effort to combine several passions: a love of reading, an interest in U. S. history, and an appreciation of Henry Martyn Robert’s life’s work and the benefit that it has provided in improving democracy for organizations in the U. S. and worldwide. www.parliamentarians.org

Test Yourself

Questions Answers The intent of this column is to provide general answers or advice (not formal, official opinions) about the questions asked. The answers are based on the most recent edition of Robert’s Rules of Order Newly Revised, unless otherwise indicated, and do not take into account such governing authorities as statutes, bylaws, adopted special rules of order, other parliamentary authorities, or earlier editions, except as specifically mentioned. The abbreviations used in these questions and answers are explained in National Parliamentarian Vol. 83, No. 1, Fall 2021, p. 18. Questions should be emailed to npquestions@nap2.org. Appreciation is expressed to Thomas J. Balch, PRP and Steve Glanstein, PRP, for their assistance with this research question and answer.

Question 11: Our group meets monthly and does not publish their minutes as provided for by RONR (12th ed.) 48:16. We had a few questions regarding the best practices for minutes: 1. Is the heading “New Business” included in the minutes even if there was no new business introduced at the meeting? 2. Should announcements be placed in the minutes? 3. Is it okay to use footnotes in the minutes? Answer: RONR (12th ed.) 48:2 states that: “In an ordinary society, the minutes should contain mainly a record of what was done at the meeting, not what was said by the members.” If no new business was introduced, then there is no need to include the heading, “New Business”, since there were no motions made in that category and so nothing was done. As provided by RONR (12th ed.) 48:4, a separate paragraph should be provided for each subject matter in the body of the minutes, and should include main motions and motions to bring a question again before the assembly (except usually those that were withdrawn), and their disposition. Adopted secondary motions may be referenced if they are necessary for completeness or clarity. The

38 National Parliamentarian • Summer 2022

Test Yourself

Questions Answers continued

substance of oral committee reports, notices of motions, points of order and appeals, and any naming of offending members by the chair should also be included. RONR (12th ed.) 48:5-6 contains additional rules and practices relating to the content of minutes, but doesn’t specify announcements as items that should be placed in the minutes. In general, announcements need not be included in the minutes. However, many organizations do include the optional heading of “Announcements” in their order of business, as explained in RONR (12th ed.) 41:35, and some of these organizations follow a custom of including those announcements in their minutes. If, on the other hand, the “announcement” referred to in the question is a member’s giving (previous) notice of a motion, it should always be included in the minutes. In any event, if your group wants to memorialize announcements in its minutes, this can be done either by directing the inclusion of the specific information, which would require a majority vote, or by adopting a special rule of order that announcements may or shall be included in the minutes. Nothing in RONR (12th ed.) 48:1-8 precludes using footnotes in the minutes, as long as the information in the footnote complies with the requirements noted above. The footnote should still be action taken at the meeting, not just something that was said. RONR doesn’t mention the use of headers or footers for minutes, but often groups will use them to note the name of the group, the type of meeting, the date of the meeting, and the page numbers. Consequently, if a group uses a header or footer, then it seems that there should be no problem with employing footnotes if needed.

Question 12: My organization held a special meeting to consider a certain important topic between regular meetings. At this special meeting, all members were present, and the president allowed a motion that was on a topic not mentioned in the call of the meeting. Isn’t it true that no other items can be brought up at a special meeting other than the topics mentioned in the call of the meeting? www.parliamentarians.org

Test Yourself

Questions Answers continued

Answer: Business transacted at a special meeting is limited to that which has been specified in the call of the meeting, as indicated by RONR (12th ed.) 9:15. This doesn’t prevent the consideration of motions that arise in connection with the transaction of business listed in the call of the meeting or regarding the conduct of the meeting. The call of a special meeting must state the purpose of the meeting, but it doesn’t need to give the exact content of motions that will be considered, and motions that arise may be amended. If action is taken outside the business mentioned in the call of the meeting, it must be ratified at another meeting (either a regular meeting or a special meeting called for that purpose) to become valid. The rule limiting the transaction of business at a special meeting to that which has been specified in the call of the meeting is a rule that protects absentees. RONR (12th ed.) 25:10 provides that rules protecting absentees can’t be suspended if any member is absent. However, if all members are present, there are no absentees to protect, and the rules may be suspended by a two-thirds vote to allow the transaction of business that has not been specified in the call of the special meeting. Furthermore, if business that was not mentioned in the call is transacted at a special meeting in which all members are present, a point of order to that effect would have to be raised promptly at the time of the breach. Otherwise, it would be too late to raise a point of order, since this would not constitute a continuing breach, as explained in RONR (12th ed.) 23:6.

Questions & Answers Research Team

Ann Homer, PRP, Editor

Rachel Glanstein, PRP

40 National Parliamentarian • Summer 2022

Azella Collins, PRP

Timothy Wynn, PRP, Parliamentarian/Consultant

NAP Connections

South Carolina House of Representatives H.5149

A House Resolution To recognize and commend the work of the South Carolina Association of Parliamentarians and to Declare April as “Parliamentary Law Month” in the state of South Carolina. Whereas, the South Carolina Association of Parliamentarians promotes effective meetings across the State by providing seminars and workshops to schools and community organizations, serving as judges for parliamentary contests, mentoring and coaching parliamentary competition teams, and providing information and suggestions for improving meetings; and Whereas, the South Carolina Association of Parliamentarians was chartered by the National Association of Parliamentarians in 1985, and since its founding has served as the leading organization in this State dedicated to promoting meeting management through the use of parliamentary procedure; and Whereas, the South Carolina Association of Parliamentarians has promoted the processes and principles of democracy and fostered civic and organizational participation in communities across the Palmetto State; and Whereas, the National Association of Parliamentarians and the American Institute of Parliamentarians designate the month of April as Parliamentary Law Month to reflect on the importance of the use of parliamentary procedure in meetings in providing for civil discourse, protecting the rights of individuals, ensuring fairness, and promoting orderly deliberations and order; now, therefore, be it Resolved by the South Carolina House of Representatives, That the members of the South Carolina House of Representatives, by this resolution, recognize and commend the work of the South Carolina Association of Parliamentarians and declare April as “Parliamentary Law Month” in the State of South Carolina; and Be it further resolved, That a copy of this resolution be presented to the leaders of the South Carolina Association of Parliamentarians, National Association of Parliamentarians, and American Institute of Parliamentarians.

Lavon Moore, PRP, National Association of Parliamentarians® District Three Director (center) and Brandon Walters, PRP, American Institute of Parliamentarians Board member (right) were presented with a South Carolina House of Representatives resolution from State Representative Chandra Dillard (left) recognizing Parliamentary Law Month and the work of parliamentarians in South Carolina.

www.parliamentarians.org

NAP Connections

NEW REGISTERED PARLIAMENTARIANS* NP congratulates the following individuals on becoming Registered Parliamentarians: Dara Bergdoll (FL) Bertrand Bonnick (NC) D’Borah Bunn (VA) Erika Correa (NY) Yoseph Elkayal (NJ) Steve Evans (TX) Venita Hawkins (DC) Joyce Henderson (VA)

La-Dana Jenkins (NJ) Danne Johnson (OK) Gail Kovacs-Felici (NJ) Cheryl Lawrence (DC) Lucretia McClenney (VA) Shari McCoy (DC) Gregg McCullough (OH) Marsha McFadden (EL)

Gail McFadden-Roberts (PA) Jackie Morrison (NY) Priscilla Murphy (DE) Teri Northern (NY) Teleesa Payne Mason (TN) Kelly Reid (PA)

Lydia Richardson (NJ) Loraine Richardson McCray (NY) Elliott Rogers (TX) Shirley Smith (NC) April-Michelle Valmont (NJ) Terri Woods-Campbell (EL)

Silent Gavels* NP commemorates members who have passed from our midst; may they rest in peace: Vi Crabtree (MO)

Judith Joe (TX)

Claire Stein (AZ)

Stran Trout (VA)

New Members* NP welcomes the following individuals as new members: Kaamilyah Abdullah-Span (IL) Allyson Abrams (MD) Jankail Adams (PA) Shirlice Adams-Golden (IL) Aris Agee-Mayes (AR) Jennifer Alexander (AR) Jerald Alexander (TX) Candi Alfred (MD) Bridgitte Allen (GA) Cynthia Alm (HI) LaDina Alston (MD) Melissa Amison (IL) Nana Anane (NY) Katrina Anderson (NJ) Marcia Anderson (MD) Chinelle Andrews (NY) Connie Anglin (TX) Bernice Arnold (MD) Emma Ashford (SC) Panayotta Augustin-Birch (FL) Michelle Bailey-Brown (NJ) Amanda Baker (FL) Patty Ball Thomas (FL) Janet Barnes (NY) Cortnee Barnett (NC)

Sandra Barron Rutherford (MD) Josephine Barton (MD) Deborah Bass Artis (NC) Stacey Battles (NJ) Nancy Baxter (Ohio) Safiyyah Beckford (NJ) Patricia Belton-Bates (VA) Rhonda Berryhill (IL) Alicia Bettes (AL) Brandi Billings (NY) Janet Bivins (DE) Sherita Blue (NC) Caira Boggs (MI) Patricia Booth Magee (MS) Marla Bouffard (ON) Tamiko Bowman (GA) Martin Brack (TX) Anita Brannon (AR) Ashley Breuer (TX) Barbara Brisbon-Rivers (GA) Katina Briscoe (AR) Melissa Brooks (NJ) Amanda Brown (TX) Brenda Brown (MD) Cherie Brown (MD) Rita Bryant-Ertha (AL)

James Bundy (TX) Jasmine Bundy (NJ) Rasheena Bungy (DE) Ivory Burden (GA) Tina Burke (IL) Angela Burton (NC) Vincent Burzi (PA) Sharyl Butler (TX) Beverly Byam-Hercules (VA) Carla Cabral (GA) Deborah Caddell (MD) Augie Cahee (TX) Annette Campbell (NJ) Shari Campbell (MD) Matthew Carnagie (MI) Erica Carter (NJ) Kathy Charles (PA) Atiya Charley (NEAP) SiJing Chen (China) Kimberly Christian (GA) James Christine (MO) Fern Clarke (GA) Rhonda Clarke (NY) Loren Clive (HI) Karen Cobbs (NJ) Alexandra Coe (FL) Robert Cohen (TX)

Delmaria Cole (TX) Shamayne Coles (DC) Nicole Collins (AR) Audancie Constant (NC) Beverly Cook (AR) Tara Cook (TX) Shondra Cooper (GA) Cynthia Cooper-King (NC) Catherine Costello (FL) Judith Cox (PA) Stephanie Cox (AR) Tamekka Crawford (GA) Carlette Cuff (NJ) Rudella Cullen (GA) Carol Curley Davis (TX) Donna Dailey (MD) Kristina Daley (NY) Ericka Davis (TX) Rosetta Davis (TX) Marlene Davis-Lilly (AR) Tyra Dear-Williams (MI) Melissa DePuy (VA) Marlene Dibrell (TX) Barbara Dillard (TX) LaShawn Dillard (NJ) Annie Dixon (AR) Jamie Dixon (MD)

* For the period March 15, 2022 through June 6, 2022 42 National Parliamentarian • Summer 2022

NAP Connections

New Members* Janet Dotson Ray (TX) Ellen Douglas Smith (MD) Nathalia Drew (MD) Arnitra Duckett (DC) Wilma Dunn (AR) Valencia Dutton Hall (TX) Cheryl Dyer (NJ) Cynthia Eaton (PA) Aaron Edelman (DC) Erica Efros (TX) Leslie Elum (NEAP) Angela Epperson (PA) Elizabeth Eskew (AR) Karen Ethier (ON) Erica Eugene (NJ) Linda Evans (IL) Anissa Evans Buckner (AR) Sylvia Flen (GA) Charisse Flewellen (GA) Annie Ford (IL) Gwendolyn Ford (GA) Mateus Forte (ON) Joanne Foster (GA) Wanda Foster (VA) Este Frazier (AR) Lou Frazier-Brown (GA) Temperance Gaines (NC) Caleb Garcia (TX) Erica Garcia-Young (NEAP) Alisha Garner (NJ) Heather Gilbert-West (AR) Roxie Glenn (TX) Vernita Glenn-White (FL) Marion Godine (TX) Tameke Goggins (GA) Kimberley Golden (NJ) Tamica Gomillion (GA) Susette Gooden (GA) Barbara GoodwinRedmond (MD) Dorothea Graddy (AL) Yvette Graham (IL) Shanda Grant (GA) Andress Gray (AR) Leslie Green (GA) Demetria Greene (GA) Mary Greene (GA)

continued Annie Griffin (MS) Belinda Griffin White (SC) Celeste Griffith (GA) Danielle Grimes (MO) Salin Guttormsson (MB) Courtney Hall (MD) Linda Hall (FL) Marcia Hall (TX) Donna Hamilton (MD) Elissanne Hammonds (TN) Dannette Hargraves (NY) Daviada Harris (GA) Gina Harris (AR) Lena Harris (GA) Lisa Harris (GA) La-Toya Harris-Freeman (GA) Brittany Harris-Nelson (NC) Nicole Harrison (MD) Valerie Harrison (SC) Kay-Dean Hayden (DE) Markea Haywood (IL) Jessica Healy (VA) Leticha Heflin (GA) Tywana Hemby (SC) MyKeya Henderson (AR) Erica Hickman (GA) Judy Hill (NJ) Melanie Hillard (AR) Gwendolyn Hinson (GA) Glenda Hogue Worsham (GA) Dionne Hollingsworth Bailey (GA) Pamela Holmes (TX) Victoria Holmes (DE) Rebecca Huerta (TX) Mekisha Hugh-Abban (NY) DeAndrea Hughes (TX) Alexis Hunter (NY) Ayatta Hunter-James (GA) Patricia Isaac (TX) Patrice Jackson (GA) Rebecca Jackson (TX) Schmekia Jackson (MD) Wendy Jacques (EL) Sonja Jennings (MD) Adriana Jianelli (FL)

Omar Jimenez (TX) Dianne Jinwright (NC) Jasmine Johnson (NC) Jemina Johnson (WI) Kennie Johnson (NJ) Lisa Johnson (GA) Nina Johnson (NJ) Judy Johnson Cooper (AR) Gerald Jones (TX) Kathy Jones (FL) Kendra Jones (NC) Sheryl Jones (TN) Tanya Jones Bosier (DC) Gloria Jordan (AR) Vivian Jordan (TX) Kimberly Kambeya (GA) Gwendolyn Kelley (AR) Dawn Kemp (MD) Cynthia Kendrick (NEAP) Jacqueline Kennedy (GA) Robilyn Key (AR) Nykisha Kimble (MD) Wanda King (AR) Aisha Kinslow (IL) Diane Kirby (DE) Dana LaMon (CA) Michelle LanghamRobinson (GA) Hermelyn Latouche (GA) Lisa Lea (NC) Benita Lefft (SC) Alexandria Leonard (GA) Saundra Leonard (SC) Alice Lewin (CA) Telischa Lewis (AR) Tara Lockett (GA) Nicole Lowry (GA) Tiffany Luckett (TN) Marcella Lunn (TX) Kaylyn Mabry (NJ) Melinda Mack (MD) Robin Mack (TX) Preeti Maroju (WA) Angela Marshall (MD) Shakeena Marshall (NJ) Sylvia Marshall Lewis (AR) Crystal Martin (MD)

Michele Martin (TX) Miriam Martin (MD) Shellea Mason (TX) Cynthia Mattocks (NC) Diamond Mayo (GA) Chelsea Mazur (AB) Ebony McCain (MO) Janelle McClain (WI) Danielle McClinton (MD) Alexis McCoy (GA) Mildred McCoy (GA) Marilyn McFarland (AR) Nicole McLean (NY) Miya McMillion (DE) Macy McNair (GA) Elaine McNeill (FL) Carol Merriam (ON) Triahnna Miles (NC) Ashia Miller (NJ) Hattie Miller (NC) Rhonda Miller (TX) Shawana Mills (MO) Dawn Mitchell (GA) Carlitta Moore (AR) Micah Moore (TX) Vanessa Moore (MD) Clai Morehead Hall (AR) Meta Morrison (NY) Adrianne Morton (NY) Angela Morton (MD) Blanche Morton (WV) TyRonda Mott (TX) Shellisa Multrie (NC) Arthur Murphy (TX) Maurita Mussawwir (MI) Leisa Myles (AR) Hilary Negron (TX) LaFaundra Neville (DC) Merrie Nichols Dixon (MD) Doris Nicholson (NJ) Stephanie Nicholson (GA) Aqila Noble (NJ) Tamela Odom (IL) Keisha O’Neal (NJ) Charlean Outler Lawton (FL) Nicole Owens (EL) Monique Pace (NJ)

* For the period March 15, 2022 through June 6, 2022 www.parliamentarians.org

NAP Connections

New Members* Contessa Paige (GA) Faye Parker (AR) Ortese Parker (MD) Susan Parris Ray (MD) Lucille Patrick (GA) Yvette Patterson Harper (AL) Teresa Payne (GA) Triniece Pearson (IL) Vicki Pearson (GA) Kendra Perry (MI) Tangie Phair (VA) Kristina Phillips (MS) Christina Picioccio (TX) Rosalind Pickens-Johnson (GA) Amonna Pinkney (PA) Susan Pires (NEAP) Amanda Plain (AL) Keya Pointer (AR) Mack Porter (IN) Anjanette Powell (PA) April Prewitt (AR) LeShawndra Price (MD) Latoshia Pritchett (VA) Twila Proctor (MS) Debbie Racca-Sittre (TX) Esceniath Rankins (IL) Veronica Ransom (GA) Christine Redmond (MD) Gerri Reed-Harris (NJ) Youdlyne Renard (GA) Valeria Reynolds Darby (GA) Tyleata Richardson (MD) Apryl Riley (IL) Lybria Rivers (GA) Amelia Roberson (GA) Saundra Roberts (DC) Maurecia Robinson (AR) Renee Robinson (GA) Kathryn Robinson Wallace (TX) Sandra Rodriguez (NJ) Angela Rogers (MI) Salathia Rorie (NC) Sheila Rozar Jordan (GA) Gwendolyn Rucker (AR) Ermea Russell (MS)

continued Colette Safford (IL) Jeanine Salfiou (MD) Benjamin Samples (TX) Donell Samuels-Bassett (GA) Carolyn Saterfield (AR) Shannon Sattiewhite-Beaty (TX) Natalie Schoen (OH) Jim Schultz (NE) Cecile Scoon (EL) Lena Scott (GA) Loretta Scott (GA) Veronique Scott (TX) LaLeche Seay (TX) Redessa Shaw (TX) Donna Sherrer-Gantt (GA) Michelle Shuravloff-Nelson (AK) Shawn Simmons (EL) Teresa Simms (MD) Andrel Sims (GA) R’iele Sims (IL) Maia Skeete (PA) Audra Smith (TX) Brandi Smith (MD) Marva Smith (IL) Michelle Smith (MD) Sylvia Smith (AR) Robbie Smith Latimore (GA) Lisa Smith-Jack (OK) Cozette Snead (OH) Dorothy Sparrow (MD) Elise Spears (CA) LeTitia Speed (TX) Leticia Spencer (NJ) Joy Springer (AR) Shannon Staton (IL) Caryn Stevens (TX) Ginina Stevenson (MD) Thea Stewart (DE) Renea Stitt (NC) Malinda Stovall (GA) Tracey Straker (NY) Carcel Surratt (GA) Tamara Swinson (MD) Shalonda Tanner (NJ)

LaShonda Tate (IL) Kathy Tatum (AR) Tameka Tennison (TX) Amanda Terrell (GA) Latanda Terry-Graves (IL) Sheryl Theriot (MI) Geneva Thomas (GA) Hariri Thomas (TX) Robin Thomas (NJ) Tresa Thompkins (GA) Antonetta ThompsonWood (MD) Ruby Thornton Bracy (NC) Ruby Toliver (KY) Davon Truitt (MD) Linda Trumbo (Ohio) Amanda Valdez (TX) Tonya Valdez Mahoney (GA) Phillip Van Leuven (OR) Alexus Vassell (NJ) Winifred Vetter (TX) Mia Waldron (MD) Cassandra Walker (TX) Lynn Walker (GA) Olivia Walker (NJ) Kheesha Walls (NJ) Georgia Walton (AR) Eurydicea Warren (TX) Deetra Washington (LA) Varnell Washington (DC) Allison Watkins (GA) Felisha Way (NJ) Meshea Web (GA) Alexander Whitaker (TN) Melissa White (Ohio) Vivian White (AR) Dana Wilkerson Lynch (GA) Carolyn Williams (NC) Jacqueline Williams (AR) Latosha Williams (IN) Lindsey Williams (OK) Pastella Williams (MI) Sherri Williams (GA) Michelle Willis (IL) Nicole Willis (NJ) Brenda Wilson (AR) Mia Wilson (AR)

Sonja Wilson (MD) Angela Winston (AR) Denese Wolff-Hilliard (TX) Shana Woodard Graves (AR) Cherina Wright (NEAP) Katura Wright (GA) Canessa Yancey (GA) Tiffany Yancey (NC) Tyla Yancey (PA) Gervaise Yarde (NY) Frances Young (AR) Jasmine Young (MD)

Thank you instructors! A special thank you to the instructors of the aforementioned new members: Toyin Ajasin Byron Baxter Sharon Brooks Liza Burton Kevin Connelly Kay Crews Emma Faulk Joyce Gleason Joy Jackson-Guilford Henry Lawton Ramona Marsalis Hill Larry Martin Elise Mason Donna Mitchell Doris Moore Jennifer Reed Shenetha Releford-Dickey Frances Rizo Eleanor Siewert Gregory Short Beverly Tatham Marsha Turner HongKun Wang Nichole Wilson Candice Williams-Hickman Amber Williamson Fashika Willis Sheryl Womble

* For the period March 15, 2022 through June 6, 2022 44 National Parliamentarian • Summer 2022

Parliamentary Resources at Your Fingertips

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National Parliamentarian (Vol. 83, No. 4)

Articles inside

Registration and Activity Fees

Where to Stay & How to Get There

South Carolina House of Representative Resolution

Schedule at a Glance

Questions & Answers

An American Hero

Educational Sessions

A Unique Experience to Remember

The Power of NO

Drawing the Line on Amendments

Innovation: The Road to Great

Soar to New Heights

From the Editor

Leading Through Transition

Developing a “Presiding Presence”

Are You Sure You Want to Censure?