MODEL STREETSCAPE OF ARTERIAL MIRPUR ROAD (FROM DHANMONDI ROAD 27(OLD) TO NILKHET INTERSECTION) REGISTRATION NO. DSCC005216 city noun, often attributive \ˈsi-tē\ 1a : an inhabited place of greater size, population, or importance than a town or villageb : an incorporated British town usually of major size or importance having the status of an episcopal seec capitalized (1) : the financial district of London (2) : the influential financial interests of the British economyd : a usually large or important municipality in the United States governed under a charter granted by the statee : an incorporated municipal unit of the highest class in Canada montage noun mon•tage \män-ˈtäzh, mōⁿ(n)-\ 1: the production of a rapid succession of images in a motion picture to illustrate an association of ideas 2a : a literary, musical, or artistic composite of juxtaposed more or less heterogeneous elementsb : a composite picture made by combining several separate pictures 3: a heterogeneous mixture : jumble <a montage of emotions> landscape noun, often attributive land•scape \ˈlan(d)-ˌskāp\ 1a : a picture representing a view of natural inland sceneryb : the art of depicting such scenery 2a : the landforms of a region in the aggregateb : a portion of territory that can be viewed at one time from one placec : a particular area of activity : scene <the political landscape> swarm noun \ˈswȯrm\ a : a great number of honeybees emigrating together from a hive in company with a queen to start a new colony elsewhereb : a colony of honeybees settled in a hive 2a : a large number of animate or inanimate things massed together and usually in motion : throng <swarms of sightseers> <a swarm of locusts> <a swarm of meteors>b : a number of similar geological features or phenomena close together in space or time <a swarm of dikes> <an earthquake swarm> Dhaka (Bengali: , pronounced: [ɖʱaka]; English /dɑːkɑː/ dah-kah, /dɑːkə/ dah-kuh, or /dækə/ dack-uh) is the capital and largest city of Bangladesh. It is one of the world's most populated cities, with a population of 17 million people in the Greater Dhaka Area.[3][6] Located in an eponymous district and division, it lies along the east bank of the Buriganga River in the heart of the Bengal delta. The city is a microcosm of the entire country, with diverse religious and ethnic communities. Its name was romanised as Dacca until the current spelling was adopted in 1983.[7] It is the largest city in the Bengal region. It is also a major city of South Asia and among the OIC states. The old city of Dhaka was the Mughal capital of Bengal.[8] The city's name was Jahangir Nagar (City of Jahangir) in the 17th century. It was a cosmopolitan commercial centre and the hub of the worldwide muslin and silk trade. The city hosted two important caravansaries of the subcontinent: the Bara Katra and Choto Katra, located on the riverfront of the Buriganga. The Mughals decorated the city with well-laid out gardens, tombs, mosques, palaces and forts. Dhaka became known as the City of Mosques in Bengal.[8] It was also described as the Venice of the East.[9] The old city was home to various Eurasian merchant groups. At the height of its medieval glory, Dhaka was regarded as one of the wealthiest and most prosperous cities in the world.[10] It was central to the economy of Mughal Bengal, which generated 50% of Mughal GDP.[10]
DHAKA METROPOLITAN REGION (DMR) AND ITS SURROUNDINGS
PLANNING REGION OF DHAKA METROPOLITAN REGION (DMR)
DMDP STRUCTURE PLAN (1995-2015) STRATEGIC ZONNING OF DHAKA METROPOLITAN REGION (DMR)
LAND CONDITION OF DHAKA METROPOLITAN REGION (DMR), 2014
CONCEPT OF GREEN NETWORK AND BLUE NETWORK
Modern Dhaka developed from the late 19th century under the British Raj. Between 1905 and 1912, it was the capital of British Eastern Bengal and Assam. In 1947, after the Partition of British India, it became the administrative capital of the eastern wing of Pakistan. It was declared as the legislative capital of Pakistan in 1962. In 1971, it became the capital of an independent Bangladesh. Architect Louis Kahn's acclaimed modernist National Capital Complex, based on the geography and heritage of Bengal, was inaugurated in Dhaka in 1982 as one of the largest legislative complexes in the world. The city has endured periods of martial law, war and natural calamities. It continues to confront challenges faced by growing metropolises in developing countries, including poverty, pollution and congestion.
To him the shiny, enameled signs of businesses are at least as good a wall ornament as an oil painting is to a bourgeois in his salon. The walls are the desk against which he presses his notebooks; news-stands are his libraries and the terraces ofcafés are the balconies from which he looks down on his household after his work is done. (Baudelaire 37) According to Benjamin, the flâneur disappeared as the commercial world slowly deserted the interior-exteriors of arcades for the carpeted, artificially lit department stores that were to replace them: "If in the beginning the street had become an intérieur for him, now this intérieur turned into a street, and he roamed though the labyrinth of merchandise as he had once roamed though the labyrinth of the city" (Baudelaire 54). The physical placement of the traditional flâneur in a setting that is an interior-exterior or an exterior-interior is essential to its significance in literary analysis. The flâneur's dual interior-exterior nature, his ability to be both active and intellectual, to be reading the past of the city while existing entirely in the present, and his manner of coloring the landscape with a bit of his own psyche places the flâneur at the center point of a whirlwind of contradictions. The manner in which the flâneur resolves the opposing stimuli that pelt him from every which way, while maintaining an aloof, yet empathic perspective of his surroundings--always alone in the crowd--makes him a powerful literary device that is capable of outdoing the omniscient narrator in objectivity and the first-person narrator in intimacy. The flâneur is like a ghost who is physically manifest in the material world, but not opaquely. His translucent personality, like a phantom, haunts his own narrative, leaving a tinge of himself, of his latent, repressed personality, on every detail of his interior-exterior universe, as though he were leaping into and out of his surroundings. The flâneur may be a ghost in more ways than one: for Benjamin he may be a cold, dead thing from an epoch of old. However, the death of Benjamin's flâneur in the sterile capitalist wastelands of department stores does not necessarily mean the death of the flâneur for everyone else. Because Benjamin's flâneur is weighted with such political and socioeconomic importance, being as he is an icon of bourgeois "conspicuous leisure," the critic does not apply the concept to later literary figures who may have merited the same title, nor does he examine in much detail its manifestation in American literature outside of Edgar A. Poe Ref: 1.Draft Dhaka Structure Plan Report 2016-2035 2. Emergence:The Connected Lives of Ants, Brains, Cities, and Software Emergence by Steven Johnson.
PROPOSED RING ROADS FOR RAJUK AREA
PROPOSED INTEGRATED TRANSPORT NETWORK PLAN FOR RAJUK AREA
City is a living organism. City can be designed from scratch as an experimental exercise. As a living organism it has its own traits and norms that evolve over a period of time. Throughout history for political and economic reasons city has been identified with certainties. For numerous reasons city has always been put under scalpel; that has been defied long term development plan. It is imperative to acknowledge the death of master is immanent as of the existing condition. After industrialization in 1750, development of car inchoate different mode of labor forces; that allows spreading the city horizontally rather then vertically. In developed world cities largely has reached its saturation point while innovative ideas immerse to develop within. The developing world has more room to play with to make the city more sustainable. Zoning and traffic pattern has always been used as a political tool, which has been a precursor of ‘Capital’. Positive influx overpowers city while revision writ large.
EXISTING AND PROPOSED STRATEGIC LOCATIONS FOR OPEN SPACES IN DHAKA METROPOLITAN REGION (DMR)
PLANNING REGION OF DHAKA METROPOLITAN REGION (DMR)
PLANNING REGION OF DHAKA METROPOLITAN REGION (DMR) Existing Internal Roads
EXISTING CONDITION ANALYSIS
Existing unbuilt area used for amenities
We believe the city has not been designed to accommodate the extent of growth. Enforcement and regulatory bodies were not in tuned at all, while the professionals were not accountable either. On the proposed site lack of public and private space and overcrowded traffic makes the largest impact on the development. Informal sector has not been brought under the regulatory net. It’s important to introduce empirical approach with in the daily realities reveals the premise of humble architectural manifestos. We want to introduce a unique serpentine landscape in the middle of the city as a place for congregation, while the arterial traffic would be subsumed below ground. It’s an experience through the eye of a Flâneur. Flâneur walks though the city to reimagine through a mnemonic device. It is the memory of the meta-traits. Conclusive metanarratives are analogically parallel to the techniques of intellectual montage. Movements are dependent on attractors, which is similar to swarm. These attractors changes its position over a period of time and develop an array of surface orientations which will always been shifting over a period of time. Mostly transitional activities can be placed where no permanent activity is placed. “Swarm intelligence (SI) is the collective behavior of decentralized, self-organized systems, natural or artificial. The concept is employed in work on artificial intelligence. The expression was introduced by Gerardo Beni and Jing Wang in 1989, in the context of cellular robotic systems. SI systems consist typically of a population of simple agents or boids interacting locally with one another and with their environment. The inspiration often comes from nature, especially biological systems. The agents follow very simple rules, and although there is no centralized control structure dictating how individual agents should behave, local, and to a certain degree random, interactions between such agents lead to the emergence of "intelligent" global behavior, unknown to the individual agents. Examples in natural systems of SI include ant colonies, bird flocking, animal herding, bacterial growth, fish schooling and microbial intelligence.”
Existing built area
Existing public amenities within private realm
Existing Informal Sector spills over
Existing Green Zone Existing Parking on the ground level
LACK OF PUBLIC SPACE
LAGRE SCALE FOOT PRINT
COMMERCIAL AND MIXED USE ON STREET FRONT
Major Padestrian
Existing Major Crossing
SIX SPEED MODE OF TRAFFIC
SELECTIVE CROSSING
MAJOR HEALTH CARE FACILITIES
EXISTING CONDITIONS ANALYSIS:
Existing circulation and crossing
Exisitng circulation Parking Public and Buseness entity Existing site conditions
Parking Public and Buseness entity Public and Buseness entity
Parking Informal sector
Informal Sector Spilling over to the six speed Traffic Lane
Parking Public and Buseness entity BRT (Ref: Draft Dhaka Structure Plan Report 2016-2035)
Parking Public and Buseness entity
Intended obstruction on existing Traffic flow
Parking Public and Buseness entity Redefining the Form and Ground
Parking Public and Buseness entity Possible public connections and existing obstructions
Parking Public and Buseness entity
BRT (Ref: Draft Dhaka Structure Plan Report 2016-2035)
Hi Speed vehicular access Vehicular crossing Public and Buseness entity Possible zoning regulation with Sky exposure plane P1
The Flâneur "'Man as civilized being, as intellectual nomad, is again wholly microcosmic, wholly homeless, as free intellectually as hunter and herdsman were free sensually.' Spengler, vol. 2 p. 125" (AP 806) "Taking a walk is a haeccity . . . Haecceity, fog, glare. A haecceity has neither beginning nor end, origin nor destination; it is always in the middle. It is not made of points, only of lines. It is a rhizome". (1000 P 263) "Flâneur" is a word understood intuitively by the French to mean "stroller, idler, walker." He has been portrayed in the past as a well-dressed man, strolling leisurely through the Parisian arcades of the nineteenth century--a shopper with no intention to buy, an intellectual parasite of the arcade. Traditionally the traits that mark the flâneur are wealth, education, and idleness. He strolls to pass the time that his wealth affords him, treating the people who pass and the objects he sees as texts for his own pleasure. An anonymous face in the multitude, the flâneur is free to probe his surroundings for clues and hints that may go unnoticed by the others. As a member of the crowd that populates the streets, the flâneur participates physically in the text that he observes while performing a transient and aloof autonomy with a "cool but curious eye" that studies the constantly changing spectacle that parades before him (Rignall 112). As an observer, the flâneur exists as both "active and intellectual" (Burton 1). As a literary device, one may understand him as a narrator who is fluent in the hieroglyphic vocabulary of visual culture. When he assumes the form of narrator, he plays both protagonist and audience--like a commentator who stands outside of the action, of whom only the reader is aware, "float[ing] freely in the present tense" (Mellencamp 60). The flâneur has no specific relationship with any individual, yet he establishes a temporary, yet deeply empathetic and intimate relationship with all that he sees--an intimacy bordering on the conjugal--writing a bit of himself into the margins of the text in which he is immersed, a text devised by selective disjunction. Walter Benjamin posits in his description of the flâneur that "Empathy is the nature of the intoxication to which the flâneur abandons himself in the crowd. He . . . enjoys the incomparable privilege of being himself and someone else as he sees fit. Like a roving soul in search of a body, he enters another person whenever he wishes" (Baudelaire 55). In this way the flâneur parasite, dragging the crowd for intellectual food--or material for his latest novel (Ponikwer 139-140). In so doing, he wanders through a wonderland of his own construction, imposing himself upon a shop window here, a vagrant here, and an advertisement here. He flows like thought through his physical surroundings, walking in a meditative trance, (Lopate 88), gazing into the passing scene as others have gazed into campfires, yet "remain[ing] alert and vigilant" all the while (Missac 61) . The flâneur is the between routine perambulation, in which a person is only half-awake, making his way from point A to point B, and the moments of chiasmic epiphany that one reads of in Wordsworth or Joyce. Like Poe’s narrators, he is acutely aware, a potent intellectual force of keen observation--a detective without a lead. If he were cast a character in the "drama of the world," he would be its consciousness. There is little scholarship surrounding the subject of the flâneur that does not in some way refer to Benjamin's writings on Baudelaire or The Arcades Project. This character first appeared in Benjamin's work in 1929 in "Die Wiederkeht des Flâneur," a work reviewing Hessel's Spazieren in Berlin, the title of which "suggests that the flâneur is properly a creature of the past". In his later work on nineteenth-century Paris, however, Benjamin re-examines the figure in what he deems its true dwelling place: Paris. The flâneur figures prominently in his 1935 sketch for The Arcades Project, "Paris--Capital of the Nineteenth Century" and in the two studies of Baudelaire written in 1938 (Rignall 113). Much of Benjamin's research into the flâneur was inspired by the work of George Simmel, who notes that the relationships between members of a large city are more deeply influenced by the activity of the eye than of the ear. His interest in the surrealist movement of the early twentieth century also played a crucial part in his development of the flâneur as a literary concept. Combining "the casual eye of the stroller with the purposeful gaze of the detective" (Rignall 113), Benjamin constructs a literary creature capable of seeing the city as "landscape, lying either desolately or seductively open before the fictional characters, and . . . as a room enclosing them either protectively or oppressively" (Rignall 113). In this context, the city for Benjamin is both an interior and an exterior, "knowable and known, and . . . mysteriously alien and fantastic" (Rignall 113-114). Benjamin collected notes and reflections from mid 1927-1929 in preparation for an article-length essay to be titled "Paris Arcades: A Dialectical Enchantment." In response to the surrounding surrealist influences of the time, Benjamin's "ambition was to read the arcades as phantasmagorical images, 'the hollow mold' from which the image of the 'modern' was cast" (McCole 229); this would place the flâneur in its twentieth-century incarnation, as a product of surrealism; however, Benjamin disagreed with much of the surrealists' theory of images, which, in his opinion, "remain[ed] ensnared in pernicious romantic prejudices that left them prey to the mythic forces they had discovered" (McCole 229). Regardless of Benjamin's perception into the intellectual shortcomings of his surrealist contemporaries, Benjamin's study of Aragon and the architectural theories of his time influenced his work with the flâneur a great deal, allowing him to examine the resident mythologies of the modern city while preserving "fresh antitoxins against the vitalist strains of romanticism" (McCole 231). His favorite flâneur was Charles Baudelaire, who in his poem "A une passante," perhaps best articulates the relationship between the flâneur and the inhabitants of his city. (See section on "A une passante" by clicking HERE.) Charles Baudelaire begins with a chapter on the flâneur. Benjamin commences his argument with a discussion of the rise of the physiologie as a literary genre. He refers to these "modest-looking, paperbound, pocket-sized volumes" as examples of "panorama literature" devised to orient the individual in the market-place in light of all the social changes brought on by the French Revolution (Baudelaire 35), while remaining "innocuous" enough and safely within the demands of the September Laws, which tightened censorship in 1836 (Baudelaire 36). These little books examined "types" that one might encounter while walking around Paris; from "the itinerant street vendor of the boulevards to the dandy in the foyer of the opera-house, there was not a figure of Paris life that was not sketched by a physiologue" (Baudelaire 35). They went by titles such as "Paris la nu it, Paris à table, Paris dans l'eau, Paris à cheval, Paris pittoresque, Paris marié" (Baudelaire 36). Benjamin notes that in "1841, there were seventy-six new physiologies. After that year the genre declined, and it disappeared altogether with the reign of the citizen-king Louis-Philippe" (Baudelaire 35-36). Benjamin dismisses these writings as "a basically petty-bourgeois genre" (Baudelaire 36) that was somewhat "socially dubious": "The long series of eccentric or simple, attractive or severe figures which the physiologies presented to the public in character sketches had one thing in common: they were harmless and of perfect bonhomie" (Baudelaire 37). These booklets attempted to articulate the textual representation of flânerie, while at the same time giving people "a friendly picture of one another" (Baudelaire 38). The governing principle behind these works was the idea that a person could be sized-up in a glance: "If that sort of thing could be done, then, to be sure, life in the big city was not nearly so disquieting as it probably seemed to people" (Baudelaire 39). However, their superficiality and safe adherence to the black-and-white prevented them from fitting the role of the flâneur as Benjamin defines it. According to Benjamin, the flâneur came to rise primarily because of an architectural change in the city of Paris. This change, which was rooted in budding capitalism, involved the creation of the arcades, which were passageways through neighborhoods which had been covered with a glass roof and braced by marble panels so as to create a sort of interior-exterior for vending purposes. These passages were "lined with the most elegant shops, so that such an arcade is a city, even a world in miniature" (Baudelaire 36-37). Within these arcades, the flâneur is capable of finding a remedy for the ever-threatening ennui. He is able to stroll at leisure; one might even go to the extreme of allowing a pet turtle to set his pace, observing the people, the building facades, the objects for sale--entertaining and enriching his mind with the secret language of the city (Baudelaire 36-37). The flâneur is completely at home in this cross between interior and exterior worlds because his own personal interior-exterior boundaries are also ambiguous: