Behavioural disorders
What is a Behavioural disorder All children will engage in challenging behaviours at some times It is the frequency and severity of these behaviours that can lead to a diagnosis of a behavioural disorder
Some behavioural disorders • ADD/ ADHD •Oppositional defiance disorder •Conduct Disorder • Tourette’s Syndrome •Foetal alcohol Syndrome
Positive Aspects full of energy sense of humour creative enthusiastic/passionate loyal forgiving willing to take risks inventive thinkers easily motivated
Att en tio n
Reasoning Planning g n i v ol S em l b Pro
ADHD is‌ a lifelong disorder a genetic disorder partially caused by a dopamine deficiency found among all ethnic and social groups
ADHD is not‌ caused by poor diet caused by inadequate parenting confined to childhood manageable with strict discipline
Learning Differences 25%
Bipolar 6%
Anxiety Disorders 25%
ADD/ADHD Comorbids Depressive Disorders 15-20%
Oppositional Defiant Disorder 35%
Conduct Disorders 20%
Symptoms of ADHD physical
mental
behavioural
Physical Symptoms Restlessness Hyperactivity Clumsiness Insomnia Enuresis Poor Coordination Headaches
Mental Symptoms Extreme Mood Swings Low Self-Esteem Learning Difficulties Low Attention Span Forgetfulness Obsessive Thinking Poor Short-Term Memory
Behavioural Symptoms Poor Social Skills Excessive Talking Risky Behaviour Attention Seeking Sensation Seeking Extremely ‘Short Fuse’ Lying Impatience Swearing Interrupting Others Daydreaming Disorganisation
Domains of Impairment Health/Safety Academic/ Occupational Self-Esteem
Substance Abuse Impairments
Social Functioning
Criminality
Sexual Behaviour
Current Treatments Occupational Occupational Therapy Therapy
Yoga Yoga
Holistic Holistic Therap Therap yy Anger Anger Management Management Training Training
Physical Physical Exercise Exercise
Medication Medication
Social Social Skills Skills Training Training
ADHD Medications‌ are only one option for ADHD are not addictive are not sedatives are class A drugs don’t increase use of other drugs can have side-effects are not new drugs are available in slow-release form
The Student is‌ unable to stay on task easily distracted making inappropriate comments restless disorganised constantly interrupting slow to copy information not interested tense/agitated unable to follow instructions unable to recognize body language and facial expressions
Classrom Tips Seating
Place the student in the front of the room Position him/her between two sensible peers Keep him /her away from distractions (doors, windows, colourful displays, etc.) Avoid sudden changes (content,venue, etc.) Allow structured seat-breaks Agree on a ‘Distress Signal’ Allow quiet fiddling Greet students at the door
Lesson Material/Planning Increase font size Highlight key information Provide handouts to avoid board copying Use a lot of visual aids Allow or provide voice recordings Include plenty of IT opportunities Do warm –up exercises immediately after breaks Encourage Check-Lists to be ticked off Extract texts for research rather than giving whole books to read Break assignments down into smaller parts
Lesson Delivery Praise often, specific and immediately Provide a visible agenda Vary your pace, methods and intonation frequently Assign specific roles during group work Change your questioning style to allow the student to respond immediately (notes, drawings, peer work) Be consistent and avoid idiomatic speech Keep instructions short and precise Keep choices to a minimum
Pastoral Care Promote relaxation techniques Practise the ‘5 Second Break’ Help the student to identify ways to deal with anger Avoid ‘preaching’ and interrogation tactics Challenge the student away from peers Arrange for a ‘quiet place’ and somebody who is available to talk in a crisis situation Be positive and a motivator
Oppositional Defiance Disorder What is ODD •Persistent refusal to comply with instructions or rules •Stubbornness to compromise with adults or peers •Failure to accept responsibility •Easily annoyed, angered or irritated •Being deliberately annoying or aggravating to others •Verbal hostility •Deliberate testing of limits
Current treatments for ODD Cognitive behavioural therapy Anger Management classes Social skills training
Conduct Disorder Symptoms Aggression to people and animals Destruction of property Deceitfulness Serious violation of rules
Treatments for Conduct disorder As ODD
Tourette’s Syndrome Symptoms
Tourette’s Syndrome Treatments • • • • • •
Habit Reversal Therapy Social Support and Reward System Relaxation Training Deep Brain Stimulation Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Medication
Classroom Management of Tourette’s Syndrome It is important to have routines and solid structuring of the day when working with students with TS. Pay close attention to the child during unstructured times like recess and lunch hours. When giving the child tests, try and provide a quiet environment and allow additional time if necessary. Avoid stressful situations
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Symptoms •Particular appearance •Attention deficits •Hyperactive •Poor problem solving •Poor impulse control
Treatment There is no treatment only strategies for management
Strategies for managing FAS http://www.youtube.com /watch? v=v1jphhbS9rg