The Origins of the Cold War Objective – 100% A-C on end of year exam What We Need To Do
How We Can Evaluate Success
1) You must be secure on the origins of the Cold War 1945-1955
• Your revision sheet is completed • You see a model 4 mark answer and use it to guide your own response to a GCSE question.
1) You must understand how this atmosphere changed after the death of Stalin
• You are able to successfully answer a 4 mark source work question on Khrushchev
Connection – What we covered. Ensure your revision sheet is completed. • Differences in the political system; Name two differences between communism and capitalism. (2) • Why Russia and America fell out between Yalta (Feb 45) and Potsdam (Aug 47) Name three reasons for the falling out. (3) • Why the Truman Doctrine (1947) changed US policy What did the doctrine call for? Why was this different? (2) • Why the Berlin Crisis (1947)occurred. (CABAN) Name 5 reasons for the crisis (5) • What happened as a result of the crisis. (CENA) What was the outcome of the Berlin Airlift? (4)
Activation • What does the source suggest was one of the main reasons for the Berlin crisis of 1947? (4) • You have four minutes……
Found the question tricky? You know the answer, but you may struggle with exam technique. What is it asking for? • Remember this technique; 1) Translate the question. List the reasons for the Berlin crisis! Now it is easy!!! 2) The source suggests that one of the reasons that the crisis occurred was 3) However, there were other reasons why the crisis occurred. For example,
Kizzie Price, 2011 • This works – Check the examplar below on TGI Space.
Activation 2 • What does the source suggest was one of the main reasons for the Berlin crisis of 1947? (4)
Activation 3 • What does the source suggest was one of the main reasons for the Berlin crisis of 1947? (4)
The Korean War • Between 1950-1953, the Korean War had been fought – Refer to your last formative assessment.
1953 • The Korean War had taken the Cold War to a new level. • China had been pulled into the conflict. • Over 1.5 million were dead. 1 million of these dead were communists. It was clear that communism was on the move in Asia, and Asians were willing to pay a heavy price to spread it. • Truman had to replace General Macarthur because of his desire to use nuclear weapons on China and extend the War. Some in America wanted to roll back communism, Truman now favoured containment. • Russia now had nuclear weapons. It was clear that the world was entering a more dangerous phase. • The Berlin airlift was the first major crisis. Yet the Korean War could have ended in Nuclear War. • Many believed the peace treaty in Korea was going to be short lived.
Now these sort of questions should be easy! Let us try it the last topic we need to review. • QUESTION: • Imagine a class with a really tough and nasty teacher. After a while, that teacher leaves, and a more gentle, reasonable teacher takes over • Will behaviour in the class get better, or worse?
Stalin died in 1953. He was replaced by Nikita Khrushchev
Truman had lost the 1952 election to Eisenhower
• Stalin had been hated across Eastern Europe. Where people had risen up against him either in Russia or in Eastern Europe, they had been killed. America hoped that Khrushchev would bring a “thaw” in the Cold War.
Did he want a “thaw”? • Source A • You do not like Communism. We do not like capitalism. There is only one way out – peaceful co-existence. Khrushchev speaking on a visit to Britain in 1956. • Source B • We may argue. The main thing is to argue without using weapons. Khrushchev speaking in 1959
Arguments that a thaw occurred. 1) 2) 1)
3)
Stalin was now dead. Khrushchev often met western leaders at ‘summit’ meetings. Stalin had made all Communist countries do what he wanted – and he had fallen out with President Tito of Yugoslavia. But in 1955 Khrushchev went to Yugoslavia, telling Tito that ‘there are different roads to communism. Western leaders thought he would no longer insist that all communist countries take orders from Russia. In a speech at the Twentieth Party Congress in 1956, Khrushchev attacked Stalin, saying that Stalin was a murderer and a tyrant. Political prisoners were set free and Beria (Stalin’s Chief of Secret Police) was executed.
4) Khrushchev said that he wanted ‘peaceful co-existence’ (see Source A) with the West. Western leaders hoped this meant the end of the Cold War. “You do not like Communism. We do not like capitalism. There is only one way out – peaceful coexistence” 1956 Record in your book the following; DEATH STALIN CAUSED PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE DEATH/SUMMITS/COMMUNIST FREEDOM/POLITICAL PRISONERS FREED/COESITENCE IN PEACE
Demonstration (Homework) • What does the source suggest was one of the main reasons for the thawing in Cold War relations in 1953?
Review/Evaluate • Did you know • While denouncing Joseph Stalin in a speech one day, Khrushchev was interrupted by a voice from the audience: "You were one of Stalin's colleagues," the man declared. "Why didn't you stop him?" • "Who said that!?" Khrushchev roared. This was followed by a terrified silence - only broken at last by Khrushchev himself. • "Now..." he said in a quiet voice, "Now you know why."