Artificial Intelligence: How knowledge is created, transferred, and used Focus on Taiwan Michiel Kolman, PhD SVP, Academic Ambassador Elsevier February 2019
AI in the news – AI is helpful
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AI in the news – AI is change
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AI in the news – AI is the future
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AI in the news – AI is inadequate
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AI in the news – AI is doom
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Our partners
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Achieving policy objectives requires actions across sectors How is AI being taught?
How is AI researched?
How is AI being w talked about in media?
How is AI being described in patents? 8
AI seems to lack a common language Teaching 268
Keywords shared across all 4 perspectives: • Artificial Intelligence • Deep Learning
Media 82
Industry 641
• Machine Learning 9
• Neural Network • Reinforcement Learning • Speech Recognition`
Research 42 9
Globally, AI structures into seven research clusters Using AI to define and structure AI • Trained classifier to distinguish AI papers from non-AI papers • Supervised learning using keyword cooccurrence to structure the field
Search and Optimization Fuzzy Systems
Machine Learning and Probabilistic Reasoning
Planning and Decision Making
Natural Language Processing and Knowledge Representation
Neural Networks
Computer Vision
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Data on scholarly AI publications from Scopus
Other sources used for quantitative analysis • Preprint servers (arXiv) • PlumX dashboard • Online competitions (Kaggle) • ScienceDirect • Graduate information (CAS,IAS China)
Article 70+ million Journal, conference, & Book records
Author 16+ million
Affiliation 70,000+
Author profiles (active)
Affiliation profiles
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Published research volume growing quickly Scholarly AI publications, all document types, worldwide
13% p.a.
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China is the most prolific country in AI research Scholarly AI publications, all document types 16,000 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 2013
2014
2015 China
USA
India
UK
2016 Germany
Japan
2017 13
China, EU, India, and the US are growing, but not equally Global share of scholarly AI publications, all document types 100% 90%
29%
26%
23%
20%
3%
5%
9%
15%
17%
80% 70% 60%
2%
20%
25%
50% 31%
40% 30%
30%
33% 35%
20% 10% 0%
18%
9% 1998-2002
2003-2007 China
Europe
United States
26%
24%
2008-2012
2013-2017
India
Other
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US in the lead, EU solid second in citation impact. China catching up
Rebased FWCI and FWCI
Rebased Field-Weighted Citation Impact and Field-Weighted Download Impact 2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
FWCI FWDI 0.00 1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004 2005 China China
2006 2007 Europe Europe
2008
2009 India India
2010
2011 2012 2013 United States United States
2014
2015
2016
2017 15
116
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AI and Taiwan • 2013-2017 dataset on AI: ¼ m articles, FWCI 1.44, 19.5% International Collaboration, 3% academicindustry collaboration. • Output in Asia-Pacific: Taiwan in Top 10 at # 6 (5.3 k articles). Top 5 is: 1. China – 57.9 k 2. India – 22.0 k 3. Japan – 8.5 k 4. Australia – 6.7 k 5. S. Korea – 5.6 k • Quality impact – FWCI in Asia-Pacific: ⎻ Taiwan in Top 15 (# 14) with FWCI of 1.00 ⎻ Top 15: Hong Kong (3.26), Singapore (2.68), Australia (1.95), New Zealand (1.55), S. Korea (1.46), China (1.30), Pakistan (1.26), Malaysia (1.25), Bangladesh (1.23), Vietnam (1.17), Indonesia (1.11), Japan (1.02), India (1.00), Taiwan (1.00)
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119
220
Taiwan Institutes ranked on impact (institutes with > 100 articles, impact as in FWCI) 1. Academia Sinica (AS) 263 1.55 AS Centr IT Innovation
113 2.05
AS Inst Info Science 138 1.18 2. Nat. Taiwan U. S&T
376 1.37
3. NTHU
218 1.31
4. NTU
529 1.28
5. Nat. Chiao Tung U.
393 1.23
6. Nat. Central U.
254 1.14
7. Nat. Taipei U. of Tech. 195 1.14
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Discussion points for Taiwan 1. How can Taiwan further accelerate growth so that it keeps up with top AI countries in the region? Are there regional collaboration partners (part of the South Bound strategy?). 2. How can Taiwan improve the citation impact of its research? Is AI research too scattered around too many institutes / universities? 3. Collaboration could be an answer to questions 1-2. a. How can Taiwan increase its international and national collaboration? b. How can Taiwan leverage its corporate and government sector? 29
Further research • How can we further improve the ontology and field definition? • Is there a relationship between research performance in AI and research performance in more traditional fields that support AI (such as computer science, linguistics, mathematics, etc.)? • How does AI research translate into real-life applications, societal impact, and economic growth? • Where do internationally mobile AI researchers come from and go to? • How sustainable is the recent growth in publications, and how will countries and sectors continue to compete and collaborate?
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Thank you! Find out more: Download AI Report: https://www.elsevier.com /research-intelligence/ai-report AI Resource Center: https://www.elsevier.com/connect/ai-resour ce-center
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