PEDAGÓGUSKÉPZÉS
PEDAGÓGUSKÉPZŐK ÉS -TOVÁBBKÉPZŐK FOLYÓIRATA
2010 1.szám
TARTALOM TANULMÁNYOK • Bevezetés: Tanárok Európában és hazánkban • Szegedi Eszter: Egész életen át tartó tanulás, szakmai fejlődés a tanári pályán. A Tempus Közalapítvány közreműködése az európai gondolatok terjesztésében • Falus Iván: A pedagógusképzés korszerűsítése – európai tendenciák • Stéger Csilla: A pályakezdő tanárok bevezető támogatási rendszerével kapcsolatos uniós törekvésekről ESZMECSERE • Bevezető az Eszmecsere rovathoz • Hatvani László: A hazai tanárképzés: diagnózis és javaslatok • Csermely Péter: A tanárképzés megújítása, mint a magyar oktatás megújításának kulcseleme • Patkós András: Az együttműködés hiánya: a hazai természettudományi tanárképzés csődje • Hunyady György: Kurta hívószavak egy átmeneti helyzetben: a csőd, a minőség, a szak és az ár • Gáspár Mihály: Javaslatok a tanárképzés ál- és valós problémák halójából való kiszabadításához • Chrappán Magdolna: Tudóstanárok a közoktatásban • Buda András: Szaktudomány kontra pedagógia • Katona András: Tanárképzésünk reformjáról négy év után, és benne újra a szakmódszertanokról, szakdidaktikáról • Trencsényi László: Az én Bologna-vízióm • Petneki Katalin: Hozzászólás a TKSZ 2010. ápr. 23-i rendezvényén • Csernus Sándor – Forgács Tamás: Új típusú egységes tanárképzés vagy a bolognai tanári mesterképzés korrekciós modellje? Hogyan tovább a tanárképzésben? Helyzetelemzési kísérlet és megvalósítási javaslatok. • Az ELTE Pedagógiai és Pszichológiai Kar Neveléstudományi Intézetének állásfoglalása a tanárképzés néhány kritikus – és kritika alá vett – kérdéséről • Reflexiók az MTA Oktatási Munkacsoportja által készített „Helyzetfelmérés és javaslatok a tanárképzésről és a tanárok helyzetéről” című anyag és az MRK PB 2010. május 26-ai plenáris ülésén elhangzottak alapján MŰHELY • M. Nádasi Mária: Innovációk a tanárképzésben - alulnézetből • Radnóti Katalin: A természettudományi nevelés problémái, a tanárképzés válsága KÜLFÖLD • Óhidy Andrea: A Bologna-reform és a németországi pedagógusképzés SZEMLE • Torgyik Judit: A fényképezés kutatásmódszertani felhasználásának lehetőségei a pedagógiában • Tugyi Katalin: Oktatás-Informatika
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E*e6= e/(7(1 È7 7$57Ï«
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T$18/0È1<2.
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FALUS
A 3('$*Ï*86.e3=e6«
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T$18/0È1<2.
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GÈ63È5
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D Ă&#x201E;SHGDJyJLDL-SV]LFKROyJLDL´ PRGXO V~O\D D NpS]pVHQ EHO O (] XWyEEL SUREOpPD szinte minden HGGLJL V]DNPDL WDQiFVNR]iV VRUiQ IHOYHWÄ&#x2DC;G|WW WHKiW H]]HO NH]GHQ QN kell valamit.) Ugyancsak a SUREOpPiN N|]|WW V]HUHSHO V D V]tQYRQDOQDN pV D SUHV]Wt]VQHN LV HUÄ&#x2DC;WHOMHVHQ iUW D 2- IpOpYHV NLHJpV]tWÄ&#x2DC; MHOOHJÄŚ WDQiUV]DNRN  J\H N O|Q|VHQ RO\DQ N|U OPpQ\HN N|]|WW DPLNRU Ă&#x201E;HO|]|QO|WWpN´ D WDQiUL PHVWHUNpS]pVW a szakmai HOÄ&#x2DC;]PpQ\HN QpON OL Âą J\DNUDQ QRPHQNODW~UiMXNEDQ LV LJHQ VDMiWRV HOQHYH]pVÄŚ Âą PHVWHUV]DNRN D PXOWLNXOWXUiOLV QHYHOpV WDQiUD EiEMiWpNWDQiU pV WiUVDLN DPHO\HNQHN YDOyMiEDQ VRNNDO LQNiEE D V]DNLUiQ\~ WRYiEENpS]pV WHU OHWpQ OHQQH OpWMRJRVXOWViJXN 4./ A PHVWHUV]LQWÄŚ WDQiUNpS]pV V]DNPDL V]tQYRQDOiQDN JDUDQWiOiVD pUGHNpEHQ OpQ\HJHVQHN WDUWMXN KRJ\ H] D NpS]pV PLQGHQHNHOÄ&#x2DC;WW az RNWDWiVL WpUHQ is NLHPHONHGÄ&#x2DC; V]HUHSHW MiWV]y NXWDWyHJ\HWHPHNKH] illetve NLYiOyViJL N|]SRQWokhoz NDSFVROyGMpN (Mint ismeretes, pl. orvosNpS]pV RO\DQ HOLWNpS]pV, PHO\HW KD]iQNEDQ QpJ\ nagy RNWDWiVL pV HJ\EHQ WXGRPiQ\RV N|]SRQW OiW HO $ WDQiUL PHVWHUNpS]pVL SURJUDPRNQDN nem automatikusan NHOOHQH N|YHWQL H]W D ORJLNiW GH PLQGHQNpSSHQ figyelembe NHOOHQH YHQQLH 9DOyV]tQÄŚOHJ aligha NHU OKHWÄ&#x2DC; el, hogy itt is PHJKDWiUR]WDVVDQDN pV QHYHVtWWHVVHQHN Âą PpJ KD D] HOÄ&#x2DC;EELHNKH] NpSHVW sokkal rugalmasabban is Âą RUV]iJRV WDQiUL PHVWHUNpS]pVL NHUHWV]iPRN pV N|]SRQWRN.) 5./ Ugyanakkor nagyon fontosnak tartjuk, KRJ\ D]RN D WRYiEEL NpS]Ä&#x2DC; LQWp]PpQ\HN, amelyekben ma WDQiUNpS]pV, illetve SHGDJyJXVNpS]pV IRO\LN pV amelyek az adott UpJLyEDQ QHP HJ\V]HUÄŚHQ FVDN RNWDWiVL N|]SRQWRN, hanem a helyi WiUVDGDORP pOHWpEHQ komplex IXQNFLyNDW W|OWHQHN EH PHJWDOiOMiN a KHO\ NHW a rendszerben. (KKH] D]RQEDQ PHJ NHOOHQH YiOWR]WDWQL D]W D ILQDQV]tUR]iVVDO is IpOUHRULHQWiOW EHOVÄ&#x2DC; szerkezeti ORJLNiW, mely ezeknek az LQWp]PpQ\HNQHN D] HVHWpEHQ LV D PLQpO magasabb V]LQWÄŚ %$ 0$ GRNWRUL NpS]pVHN PHJYDOyVtWiViQ NHUHV]W O NtQiOMiN D NLW|UpV OHKHWÄ&#x2DC;VpJpW (]HNHW D NpUGpVHNHW N O|Q HJ\ HUUH D SUREOpPDN|UUH NRQFHQWUiOy DQ\DJEDQ NHOOHQH IHOPpUQL pV D] pULQWHWWHN EHYRQiViYDO ]DMOy szakmapolitikai HJ\H]WHWpV VRUiQ PHJWiUJ\DOQL $] DOiEELDNEDQ PHJSUyEiOXQN egy olyan modellt IHOYi]ROQL DPely a jelenlegi NpWV]LQWÄŚ NpS]pVW QHP J\|NHUHVW O IRUJDWMD IHO YLV]RQW PLN|]EHQ WHNLQWHWWHO YDQ az RV]WDWODQViJ HOÄ&#x2DC;Q\HLUH, sokkal NLHJ\HQV~O\R]RWWDEE DUiQ\RNDW EL]WRVtW D NpW V]DN N|]|WW HJ\~WWDO Âą DUUD D] HVHWUH KD YDODNL UiM|Q KRJ\ PpJVHP DNDU WDQiU lenni Âą YLV]RQ\ODJ NHYpV Ă&#x201E;YDUJDEHWÄŚYHO´ PyGRW DG D NpWV]LQWÄŚ NpS]pVEH YDOy YLVV]DWpUpVUH LV LOOHWYH PiV NLPHQHWHW LV OHKHWÄ&#x2DC;Yp WHV]. (QQHN D PHJROGiVQDN W|EE HOÄ&#x2DC;Q\H LV YDQ $] HJ\LN KRJ\ ha az osztatlan WDQiUNpS]pV valami IRUUDGDOPLDQ ~M V]DNVWUXNW~UD vaJ\ DNiU D UpJL WDQiUNpS]pVL tantervekre DODSR]YD M|QQH OpWUH DNNRU |W GH OHJDOiEE QpJ\ NpS]pVWtSXV PDUDGQD D
CSERNUS - F25*È&6
Ò- 7Ë386Ò«
rendszerben, ami Q\LOYiQYDOyDQ RNWDWiVV]HUYH]pVL QHKp]VpJHNHW RNR] pV D GLV]FLSOLQiULV WHU OHWHNNHO LV konfliktusokhoz vezethet. $ PiVLN RN D] hogy az RV]WDWODQ WDQiUNpS]pV HOOHQ]ĘL N|] O VRNDQ PHJNpUGĘMHOH]LN V]HUHQFVpV GRORJ-e az, hogy a WDQiU V]DNRV KDOOJDWyQDN PiU 18 pYHV NRUiEEDQ PHJ NHOO KR]QLD D]W D] HJ]LV]WHQFLiOLV G|QWpVW KRJ\ Ę NpVĘEE WDQiU DNDU OHQQL V KD tJ\ G|QW DNNRU NpVĘEE PiU FVDN LJHn NRPRO\ SiO\DNRUUHNFLyYDO OHV] NpSHV PiV V]DNPiN IHOp YiOWDQL 7HNLQWV QN HO PRVW DWWyO KRJ\ mennyire MRJRV H] D IHOYHWpV KLV]HQ HJ\ orvos vagy HJ\ MRJiV] LV pYHVHQ KR]]D PHJ H]W D SiO\DYiODV]WiVL G|QWpVW V KD KDUPDGpYHVHQ M|Q Ui KRJ\ Ę EL]RQ\ ~MViJtUy YDJ\ V]tQpV] V]HUHWQH OHQQL DNNRU pSSRO\DQ komoly NRUUHNFLyUD NpQ\V]HU O PLQW HJ\ ÄSiO\DWpYHV]WHWW´ WDQiU 3UyEiOMXQN YLV]RQW D OHKHWVpJHV NpS]pVL V]HUNH]HWWHO HOpEH menni HQQHN D SUREOpPiQDN (] D NpW IHQWHEE HPOtWHWW WpQ\H]Ę D]W D praktikus megoldiVW NtYiQQi PHJ KRJ\ az osztatlan WDQiUNpS]pV QDJ\MiEyO D PDL NpS]pVHLQNUH pS OM|Q D]RNEyO WiSOiONR]]RQ GH PiV EHOVĘ DUiQ\RNNDO pV NUHGLWV]iPRNNDO 6ĘW D]W VHP WDUWMXN NL]iUWQDN KRJ\ D szakmai szempontok ILJ\HOHPEH YpWHOpYHO DNiU ~M NXU]XVRN LV NHU OMenek a rendszerbe. $ PHJROGiV HJ\LN OHKHWVpJHV ~WMD WHKiW D] OHKHWQH KD D MHOHQOHJL NpS]pVW ~J\ PyGRVtWDQiQN KRJ\ D] ~M RV]WDWODQ WDQiUNpS]pVUH MHOHQWNH]ĘN GLV]FLSOLQiULV WHU OHWHQ QDJ\UpV]W a mai BA-UHQGV]HU yUiLW OiWRJDWQiN GH QHP ± 50 szakmai krHGLW DUiQ\EDQ KDQHP D] HOVĘ KiURP pYEHQ SO NUHGLWHW WHOMHVtWHQpQHN D PD ÄIĘV]DN´-QDN WHNLQWKHWĘ NpS]pV N|Q V D] KHO\HWW -DW D PiVLNRQ ËJ\ PiU sokkal NLHJ\HQV~O\R]RWWDEE OHQQH D V]DNPDL WXGiVXN szerkezete. Emellett a 10 SHGDJyJLDL-SV]LFKROyJLDL NUHGLWHW N|WHOH]ĘHQ HOĘUH NHOOHQH KR]QL D] HOVĘ WDQpYUH V]HPHV]WHU (QQHN D] OHKHWQH D] pUWHOPH KRJ\ D IHQWHEE HPOtWHWW SiO\DYiODV]WiVL EL]RQ\WDODQViJRW ROGDQi $NLN H]HNQHN D] yUiNQDN D Q\RPiQ XJ\DQLV ~J\ pUH]QpN PpJVHP DNDUQDN WDQiURN OHQQL tJ\ PpJ PLQGHQ WRYiEEL QpON O YLVV]D WXGQiQDN V]iOOQL D E|OFVpV], ill. WHUPpV]HWWXGRPiQ\RV Ä%$-YRQDWUD´ V D WRYiEELDNEDQ ± 50 ± 10 NUHGLWDUiQQ\DO D]D] D PD PHJV]RNRWW PyGRQ IRO\WDWKDWQiN WDQXOPiQ\DLNDW $ mai rendszer WHKiW LWW DQQ\LEDQ PyGRVXOQD FVXSiQ, hogy a WDQiU V]DNRVRN a QRUPiO %$szakok 120 NUHGLWMpEĘO -cal kevesebbet YpJH]QpQHN HO XJ\DQDNNRU D PiVLN szakjukon a mai 50 kredit PHOOp D V]DN NUHGLWHV YiOWR]DWiEyO ± LUiQ\tWRWW PyGRQ HOĘUH PHJKDWiUR]YD PHO\ WiUJ\DNUyO YDQ V]y ± WRYiEEL NUHGLWHW eSS H] WHQQp OHKHWĘYp D] HVHWOHJHV NpVĘEEL SiO\DNRUUHNFLyW KLV]HQ KD LGĘEHQ M|Q Ui D KDOOJDWy KRJ\ QHP WDQiU DNDU OHQQL DNNRU D ÄIĘV]DN´ NUHGLWMH PHOOp PHJV]HU]L D PDUDGpN -at D PHOOpNV]DNRQ SHGLJ HOHJHQGĘ QHNL D] NUHGLW Az RV]WDWODQ WDQiUNpS]pV azonban ± pUWHOHPV]HUĦHQ ± nem szakadna meg a 6. IpOpY XWiQ KDQHP HJ\HQHV YRQDO~DQ IRO\WDWyGQD WRYiEE $ WRYiEELDNEDQ ± szakmai PpUOHJHOpV DODSMiQ ± IHOWHKHWĘHQ D PDL WDQiUL 0$-V]DNRN NUHGLWHV EORNNMiQDN WDQWiUJ\DLW YROQD pUGHPHV WDQXOQLXN KLV]HQ H]HN W|EEQ\LUH RO\DQ LVPHUHWHNHW tartalmaznak, amelyek D] LVNRODL RNWDWiV V]HPSRQWMiEyO UHOHYiQVDN
ESZMECSERE
Ebben az esetben ± QDJ\MiEyO PHJWDUWYD D PDL IpOpYHV V]HUNH]HWHW de azt GLSORPDNLDGiVVDO pV ~M IHOYpWHOLYHO PHJ QHP ERQWYD ± D N|YHWNH]Ę VWUXNW~UD DODNXOKDWQD NL D] iOWDOXQN MDYDVROW Ä~M WtSXV~´ RV]WDWODQ WDQiUNpS]pV V]iPiUD
1. WiEOi]DW /HKHWVpJHV VWUXNW~UD
1- IpOpY 7- IpOpY gVV]HVHQ
1. szak
2. szak
90 kredit 30 kredit 120 k redit
80 kredit 40 kredit 120 k redit
SHGDJyJLDLSV]LFKROyJLDL modul 10 kredit 40 kredit 50 k redit
gVV]HVHQ 180 k redit 120 k redit 300 k redit
0LQGH]HNKH] WiUVXOKDW WRYiEEUD LV D IpOpYEHQ D] HJ\EHI JJĘ V]DNPDL gyakorlatok rendszere, ha a szakma fenntartja DQQDN V] NVpJHVVpJpW V D IRUUiVRN is UHQGHONH]pVUH iOOQDN 7. / $] LWW IHOYi]ROW PRGHOO HOĘQ\H OHKHW KRJ\ NpW V]DNPDLODJ D]RQRV V~O\~ WDQiUV]DN YpJ]pVpW WHQQp OHKHWĘYp, ami PXQNDHUĘ-piaci szePSRQWEyO NpWVpJWHOHQ O ÄIDMV~O\RVDEE´ WXGiVW NpSYLVHO PLQW D PDL ÄPiVIpO V]DNRV´ PHJROGiV HPHOOHWW PyGRW DG ± D NpS]pV NH]GHWL V]DNDV]DLEDQ PLQGHQ N O|Q|VHEE SUREOpPD QpON O ± D SiO\DNRUUHNFLyUD QHP WDQiUL V]DNRN LUiQ\iED LV 7XGDWiEDQ vagyunk annak, hog\ PLQGH] My HVpOO\HO IHOWpWHOH]L D WDQiUL PHVWHUV]DNRN ~MUD DNNUHGLWiOiViQDN V] NVpJHVVpJpW GH KD H] iOWDO MDYtWDQL lehet D YpJ]HWW WDQiURN WiUJ\L WXGiViQDN pV NpS]HWWVpJpQHN V]LQWMpW DNNRU H]W D PXQNiW ± N O|Q|VHQ ha EtUMXN KR]]i D PHJIHOHOĘ RNWDWiVSROLWLNDL WiPRJDWiVW ± HO NHOO WXGQL YpJH]Q QN $ IHQWL MDYDVODWRN WHUPpV]HWHVHQ D WDQiUNpS]pV iWDODNtWiViQDN FVDN HJ\LN OHKHWVpJHV LUiQ\iW UDM]ROMiN PHJ +D ez a modell HOIRJDGKDWyQDN OiWV]LN DNNRU Q\LOYiQ VRNNDO UpV]Oetesebb NLIHMWpVpUH YDQ V] NVpJ pV VRNROGDO~ HJ\H]WHWpVUH a szakmacsoportok NpSYLVHOĘLYHO 0LQW MHOH]W N PHJ YDJ\XQN DUUyO J\Ę]ĘGYH hogy D NpS]pVL V]HUNH]HW iWDODNtWiVD NRUiQWVHP HOHJHQGĘ |QPDJiEDQ D WDQiUNpS]pV PLQĘVpJL PHJ~MtWiViKR] HKKH] W|EE HJ\PiVVDO |VV]HI JJĘ LQWp]NHGpVUH YDQ V] NVpJ .|] O N a legfontosabb D WDQiUL V]DNPD SUHV]Wt]VpQHN iOWDOiQRV Q|YHOpVpW FpO]y LQWp]NHGpVHN PHJKR]DWDOD, a PHJIHOHOĘ pV D WHKHWVpJHV KDOOJDWyNDW D WDQiUL SiO\iUD YRQ]y EpUH]pV NLDODNtWiVD V D] HKKH] NDSFVROyGy N|YHWHOPpQ\- pV WHOMHVtWPpQ\-PpUpVL UHQGV]HU NLGROJR]iVD HJ\ YDOyGL ± QHPFVDN D N|]pSLVNRODL HUHGPpQ\HNHQ DODSXOy KDQHP OHKHWĘVpJ V]HULQW D SiO\DDONDOPDVViJRW LV PpUĘ ± IHOYpWHOL UHQGV]HU ~MEyOL EHYH]HWpVH D] RNWDWiVL IRO\DPDW VRUiQ N|YHWNH]HWHVHQ alkalmD]KDWy PLQĘVpJL V]HOHNFLy EL]WRVtWiVD HJ\ RO\DQ V]LOiUG ILQDQV]tUR]iVL rendszerben, mely a PLQĘVpJHW pV D WHOMHVtWPpQ\W, nem pedig csak a PHQQ\LVpJHW KRQRUiOMD
CSERNUS - F25*È&6
Ò- 7Ë386Ò«
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ESZMECSERE
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