Pei-Yao Liu's Architecture Portfolio

P E I YA O L I U ARCHITECTURE PORTFOLIO

Contents: Architectural projects: 01 Drone City

01

02 Magic-Realism Environment Show

09

Sep - Dec, 2017 | San Francisco, CA

Oct 2017 - Jan 2018 | New York, NY

03 Mixed-Use Complex In The City Feb - April, 2016 | New York, NY

04 Ecology Classroom Building Oct - Dec, 2015 | Ames, IA

16

19

Fabrication projects: 05 Flat To Fold - Origami Mold

23

06 The Virtual To Reality

28

07 The Synthetic + The Natural

31

Fall, 2018 | Ann Arbor, Michigan

Fall, 2018 | Ann Arbor, Michigan

Winter, 2019 | Ann Arbor, Michigan

01 Drone City This speculative project anticipates a time when technology becomes responsible for building anew the land, culture, peoples, and social contracts erased by its aggressive advances.

Sep - Dec, 2017 | Iowa State University

Collaborator: Binhan Tang, Peizhou Yue, Weijie Li Instructor: Mitchell Squire

Site Location: San Francisco, CA

Contribution: Research, Site Analysis, Conceptual and Architectual Design, Analytical Mappings and drawings, Physical Models

American’s high-technology economic sector has taken root in the San Francisco Bay Area.

Ironically, as they promote human productivity as the purpose for their work—a notion that all human beings regardless of their position in the social structure can take advantage of technological achievements—we can begin to see that technological innovation and scientific development, from bio-tech research to venture capital investment, increasingly occurs for the benefit of a few people. The way the world appears compared to the way that it functions has gone through a drastic evolution. This evolution has been accelerating in the past few decades, at a pace much greater than it did in previous centuries.

digital technology in the field of architecture today, we must imagine how it might reshape a city like San Francisco in the aftermath of its own abuses on the city and its people.

Because technology is a double-edge blade that destroys the old as it creates the new, the focus of our project is on the technology boom of the past few decades in the Bay Area, and its fallout on the culture, the environment, social and political life, and the physical construct of the city of San Francisco. As we keep in mind that this boom is part of a historical continuum occurring over the past 200 years in the area, particularly since the gold rush of 1848, we are attempting to imagine what it might be like in the distant future. Connecting ourselves with the legacy of visionary works in the discipline of architecture—from Piranesi to Ledoux and Boullee, from Hugh Ferris to Rem Koolhass and Lebbeus Woods, and from the avant-garde works of Brodsky and Utkin to American academic futurists such as Douglas Darden and John Hedjuk—we think because of the wide use of

As a work of visionary activism, we propose a project that exists in the future. In 2150, a citylike platform levitates from the earth and stays at a height approximately 783 meters above sea level. It hovers over the land consumed by the same technology that keeps it floating. It is a drone. Its purpose is to sustain a critical conversation with the technology that sustains it.

Our visit to the city convinced us that San Francisco is experiencing the inevitable: it is both thriving on and suffering from technology.

Excessive concentration of tech companies in San Francisco has led to urban degradation, excessive extraction of environmental resources, the overproduction of waste, conflicts in space allocation, and the expulsion and incarceration of everyday people who cannot afford to live there. Our question is whether the social problems caused by technology can find solution in technology.

The Drone City Project anticipates a time when technology becomes responsible for building anew the land, culture, peoples, and social contracts erased by its aggressive advances. At the heart of this work is a call to care enough for the institutions, environment, and cultural forms that have provided us identity, to preserve them amid technological advancements.

TIMELINE OF MAJOR EVENTS IN SAN FRANCISCO

OVERWHELMING TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY IN SF BAY-AREA

Record of technology taking over the city

0 mi

1940s

Golden Gate International EXPO

Shipyard ironworkers

The Tin Angel Nightclub

Getting one's hair done

People on street

2 mi

4 mi

6 mi

8 mi

10 mi

12 mi

14 mi

16 mi

18 mi

0 mi

0 mi

2 mi

2 mi

4 mi

4 mi

6 mi

6 mi

8 mi

8 mi

1950s

Poetry reading

1960s

Candlestick Park

Kids play around home

Vietnam War protestors

1970s

People at waterfront

LGBT Pride Parade

49ers’ sports fans

Recreational and medical marijuana movements

The first Intel processor

Xerox Alto 2

10 mi

10 mi

12 mi

12 mi

14 mi

14 mi

16 mi

16 mi

18 mi

18 mi

1980s

Apple’s advertisement

Macintosh computers

1990s

50th anniversary of Golden Gate Bridge

New startups’ valuations soared.

Yahoo! was founded

Paypal was established

2000s

The dot-com bubble collapsed.

YouTube was founded

IPO took place Google

Twitter was created

2010s

0 mi

Tesla launched its IPO

700,000 nights booked

1 million Dropbox users

Tax exemption announced

2 mi

4 mi

6 mi

8 mi

10 mi

12 mi

14 mi

16 mi

18 mi

City Transportation

Info-Tech Company

Apple bus

Electronic Arts bus

Google bus

Public Park

Bio-tech Company

eBay bus

Facebook bus

Yahoo bus

Since the very first sign of the emergence of the Information Revolution, due to the advantages in resources of talents, promoting policies and natural condition, SF-Bay Area has quickly become the center of high-tech companies. While the regional economy has been drastically stimulated by the growth of the tech-industry, the continuously overwhelming trend of expansion of the industry is intensifying the conflict, on aspects of public resource, living expenditure, and social inequality, between the beneficiaries and the people who have lived in this place for a long time.

2020s

2

RECIPROCICAL SYSTEM OF ITEMS

ANALITICAL MODEL OF SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF SAN FRANCISCO

Municipal Government beneficial policy

cultivates economic growth

Universities & Federal research institutions

provides talents

High-tech Industry

financial support

offers high salary educates

work for

High-paid employees

Middle income

Low incom

S a n Fr a n c i s c o

Unchallenged reciprocal interactions among the major factors that actually affect the political and economic development of San Francisco determined the outcome and consequence which appear on the aspects of the operation of the society in entire SF Bay-area. The narrow scope focusing too much on single category of industry led to an unhealthy social structure. As more high-paid techies swarm into this area, the regional level of consumption has dramatically increased. This phenomenon forces those whose income can not afford the expenditure leaving the city to find other livable places. Due to the unbalanced social structure, problems gradually emerge.

HOUSING CRISIS AND ITS CAUSAL PROBLEMS Zoning code (40ft tall maximum)

Existing landlords sustain easy-money from current market

Limited available land

Housing demand

Historical protection

Housing only for tourists (Airbnb)

Communities of tents

Crisis of homelessness

Social structure problem

Protests about housing crisis and tech industry

Empty local businesses

Complaint of high-tech

Housing supply

Housing price and living expenditure soar

3

MOTIVATION FOR IMAGINING THE DRONE CITY

DEVELOPMENT OF FLYING TECHNOLOGY

Leading Technology Companies

thermodynamics

World Changing

1783 hot-air baloon

500 BC kite 200 AD sky lantern

Ethos as Inovators

newton's third law

aerodynamics

1852 airship

1903 fiexed-wing airplane

1942 space rocket 1939 jet aircraft

first cosmic velocity

1961 manned spaceflight

1957 artificial satellite

rf resonant cavity thruster

2150 levitated city 1971 space station

STUDY OF CITY FORM Human beings live on the floating artificial land 1. Establish the visual and mental connection to the city fabric which the original San Francisco had.

2. Various formal compositions out of those the key cultural institutions and monuments that give the city identity.

3. Emphasis natural elements, opennings connecting all levels visually and physically.

4. Duplication of integration of operational parts of city and natural environment.

Instinct as Capitals

Expanding

Advanced technologies take over the land of SF

4

ZONING DETAIL OF DRONE CITY AND MECHANICAL BASE

FEATURED DISTRICTS WITH DISTINCTIVE CULTURES

1 7

3 5

8

4

6

9 10

2 14

1. North beach 2. Finacial district 3. Chinatown 4. The Tenderloin 5. The Fillmore 6. Japantown 7. The Presidio 8. Golden gate park 9. Haight-Ashbury 10. The Castro 11. Market street 12. Noe valley 13. The Mission 14. SoMa

3

9

6 4

5

2

10

7

8

1

13

12

12

FORM TRANSFORMATION OF CULTURALLY RICH DISTRICTS

1

Convention Center

2

Transportation Station

3

Airport

4

Hospital

5

Financial District

6

Agriculture Lab

7

Education Center

8

Culture and Recreation Center

9

Residential Tower

10

Mechanical Center

6 9 2 1

11 3

10

7

North Beach

Mission District

Chinatown

8

SoMa

5

4

Financial District

The Castro

Haight-Ashbury

1

Noe valley

Multi-energy Mobile Plant

2 Energy Reservoir

3 Innovation Center

5

4 5 6

Monitor Port

Recycling Station

7 8

9

Heat-Removal System Command Post Smart Factory

10 Mega Data Station 11 Tadal Power Plant

12 Resource Transit

ZONING DETAIL OF CULTURE AND RECREATION CENTER

Sports + Music festival

Library

Amusement Park +Transportation Station

Museum + Art Gallery

Shopping Mall

Winery +World Food District

6

Theater + Cinema

Theater + Cinema

EXPLODED AXONOMETRIC DRAWING

7

PHYSICAL MODEL OF CENTER OF CULTURE AND RECREATION

Sports Complex

Theater

Vineyard

Museum

Flea Market

Art Galleries

Library

8

PHYSICAL MODEL OF DRONE CITY

Great Lawn

Titanium Alloy Frame

02 Magic-Realism Environment Show

This curitorial project arranges an exhibition containing a collection of seemingly irrational installations, but all express primarily realistic views of the real world.

when

Individual Work

Oct 2017 - Jan 2018

you

Site Location: Pier 92+94, New York, New York

are talking about "environment," what Environment, by the definition from dictionary, is the conditions, circumstances, or objects by which one is surrounded. However, The word "environment" nowadays are usually be used to only denote the natural conditions away from modification of human activities. Does not today's universal meaning of it have a negative impact on our scopes of observing and understanding the substantial circumstances surrounding us? Does not it mistakenly draw too much of our attention to the specific "nature", so that we barely have time to take an introspection about the role of us in the present world?

are you thinking about?

In this show, a series of galleries and installations will take visitors to a journey full of eccentric and magic scenes, while all pieces are expressing realistic issues of the real world. The contrast between the strange and unfamiliar experiences in the show, and the physical atmosphere of

9

Manhattan just separated by the walls encourages thingking of the current situation of visitors' selves and other numerous living beings in the environment of globalization era.

The venue of the show was selected at the Pier 92/94, New York. A connecting platform embedded into the surface of water is created to link the ends of two piers, which makes the circulation of the space a continuous one providing visitors the more consecutive experiences. The collection of artwork contains pieces that designed by myself and ones selected from works of other artists.

13 12

14

11

15

10

1 9

2 4

8

3 5 6

Galleries: 1. Mass-production of Labor 2. Colorful Blind 3. Seasons 4. Iceberg in Freezer 5. The Boxed Lake 6. Waste Labyrinth 7. Golden Sunset 8. Touch The Sea

7

9. Scaffolded Waterfall 10. Haze-Tasting Fair 11. Nucleared House 12. "Dark Chocolate" 13. "The Bloody Oil" 14. Imag`es of Change 15. Heritage

10

Gallery #1 - Mass Production of Labor I.

Gallery #2 - Colorful Blind II.

gallery layout

I.

elements

gallery layout

elements

II.

III.

artist

120’

10’

110’ 100’

20’

90’ 80’

30’

70’ 60’

40’

fog maker

fog

50’ 40’

50’

30’

Olafur Eliasson

20’

60’

10’

10’

20’

30’

40’

50’

60’

70’

behavior analysis

III.

2h

6h

10h

80’

IV.

14h

18h

90’

100’

110’

artificial topography

colored fluorescent light

120’

locus

V.

artist

22h

Jinghu Li

Gallery #3 - Seasons

spring

summer

fall

winter

11

Gallery #4 - Iceberg in Freezer

Gallery #5 - The Boxed Lake

gallery layout

I.

I.

pieces of ice from iceberg

gallery layout

10’

II.

30’

II.

20’

30’

40’

50’

60’

70’

80’

90’

100’

110’

110’

120’

130’

140’

150’

160’

170’

180’

190’

200’

III.

artist

wood wood floor

20’

10’

elements

water

210’ 40’

elements

water

freezers

50’

Olafur Eliasson 60’

aquatic plant

grassland III.

locus

base

Gallery #6 - Waste Labyrinth

Inspired by luzinterruptus

Photo Credits: Gustavo Sanabria

12

Gallery #7 - Golden Sunset

Gallery #8 - Touch The Sea

Gallery #9 - Waterfall

mirror

semi-circle lighting equipment

Photo Credit: Studio Olafur Eliasson

Photo Credit: Studio Olafur Eliasson

Gallery #10 - Haze-Tasting Fair I.

gallery layout

Gallery #11 - Radiated House II.

III.

elements

haze analysis

gallery layout

elements

locus

10’

20’

30’

do-not-cross tape haze from Xi'an

haze from Beijing

haze from Shanghai

haze from Guangzhou

Fukushima, Japan 40’

50’

60’

Breathing Mask

Transparent haze container

1 to 1 copied house from Fukushima

Data resource: Nature Magazine

13

clear cover

Gallery #12 -"The Dark Chocolate" & Gallery #13 - "The Bloody Oil" Gallery #12

Issue - Chocolate Industry Child Labor

For a decade and a half, the big chocolate makers have promised to end child labor in their industry—and have spent tens of millions of dollars in the effort. But as of the latest estimate, 2.1 million West African children still do the dangerous and physically taxing work of harvesting cocoa.

What will it take to fix the problem?

Image Source: http://fortune.com/big-chocolate-child-labor/

locus

Image Source: http://fortune.com/big-chocolate-child-labor/

Gallery #13

Gallery #13

Gallery #12

Gas Station & Rest Area

Issue - Oil Spill Disastser

Chocolate Shops 2nd Floor Cocoa Tree Trunk

locus

Oil-like liquid Performing Art of Child Labor in Chocolate Industy

Aquarium 1st Floor

Image Source: Copyright by geology.com

14

Gallery #14 - Images of Change

Gallery #15 - Heritage

gallery layout

gallery layout

artist

Source: climate.nasa.gov

Gallery of Image of Change exhibits over 150 pairs of phtographs showing change in different locations globally over time periods ranging from centuries to days. Some of these effects are related to climate change, some are not. Some document the effects of urbanization, or the ravage of natural hazards such as fires and floods.

All show our planet in a state of flux.

Pedersen Glacier melt, Alaska

Summer, mid-1920s to early 1940s

August 10, 2005

Cai Guo-Qiang

Earlier image is from a postcard by an unknown photographer, courtesy of Kenai Fjords National Park. L ater image is a USGS photograph by Bruce F. Molina.

Columbia Glacier melt, Alaska

July 28, 1986

July 2, 2014

Images taken by the Thematic Mapper onboard Landsat 5 and the Operational Land Imager onboard Landsat 8.

Arctic sea-ice coverage hits record low

1984

2012

Images by NASA Scientific Visualization Studio

Photo credit: Natasha Harth, Queensland Art Gallery | Gallery of Modern Art

Binhai New Area growth, China

July 30, 1992

April 8, 2012

1992 image taken by the Thematic Mapper sensor onboard Landsat 5. 2012 image taken by the Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus sensor onboard Landsat 7.

15

03 Mixed-Use Complex In The City This project is to design a mid-rise, mixed-use complex with affordable housing units, a NYC outpost of the The Andy Warhol Museum and a new and expanded home for the historic Essex Street Market.

Feb - April, 2016 | Iowa State University Collaborator: Binhan Tang Instructor: Calvin Lewis

Site Location: New York, New York

Contribution: Research, Site Analysis, Conceptual and Architectual Design, Floor Plans, Renderings, Physical Model

The project site is in Manhattan’s lower east side in the former Seward Park Urban Redevelopment Area. As has been the historically multi-cultural community for mid to low income people for decades, in the context of the most modern and highly-developed city in the world, the debate about whether is this area should be developed in a direction of cultural or commercial and more affordable or market-rate has recently emerged.

Clinton Street

Suolk Street

Norfolk Street

Essex Street

Ludlow Street

Aerial perspective view

Delancey Street

The goal of this project is trying to explore the possibility of the harmonious integration of cultural and commercial development, while boosting and maintaining a healthy interaction between local communities and the capitalist activities.

The whole complex is made up of a gallery space for a branch department of Andy Wa r h o l M u s e u m , a n e w a n d e x p a n d e d home for the historic Essex Street Market originally on the north side of Delancey Street and a series of 6-floor apartment buildings with affordable housing units.

Broome Street

T h e n e w h o m e o f E s s ex S t r e e t M a r ke t , touching Delancey Street and Essex Street, will accommodate the more street merchants to do business in the community, which allows

Ground floor plan

16

the local residents to get personalized service from local vendors as they gather to browse an ethnically diverse collection of goods. Beyond its original identity as a shopping destination, the new market will be developed into a social environment where people around come to enjoy spare time.

To optimise the potential of the Warhol Museum as a landmark of this area, it is placed on top of the market, along the Delancey Street which has the most busy traffic of vehicles and pedestrians.

Furthermore, as an auditorium/film screening venue, the Warhol Museum can contribute a new multi-use cultural location for the local community.

Residences in this project are a mix of small units for single or double occupancy and larger, family-based units with more than one bedroom.

All apartments have private and quiet interior space and exposure to natural light and air.

what define the warhol's museum?

Programing Essex Street Market

35,900 sq. ft.

Andy Warhol Museum 56,886 sq. ft.

Residential

203,718 sq. ft.

3. Museum lead the identity of the site, extand the museum to delancy, create the connection between museum and market.

1. Linear organition on site.

4. Enable units to gain sunlight, create a opening on delancey serving for residential, meanwhile response to the urban form.

2. Maximize market's business opportunity, public spaces protect residential from busy streets.

5. Emphasis the identity of the museum and the site (museum defines this neighborhood).

Campbell’s soup cans

Warhol’s time capsules

Technical strategies used in the museum:

The Combination of Market and Gallery

Vertical shading system control gallery daylighting exposure and visual accessbility from outside

Diagram of North Side Facade campbell’s soup can

museum lobby

main open gallery

market

residential

passage serves residence and market

special gallery

time capsules

market

17

State of the art gallery lighting

Natural space seperates long gallery to two parts

ANDY WARHOL MUSEUM 1

LOBBY

2

ART SHOP + GALLERY

3

ADMINISTRATION

4

PROJECT SPACE

5

CAMPBELL'S SOUP CAN GALLERY

6

OPEN GALLERY SPACE

7

ART GARDEN

8

TIME CAPSULES GALLERY

9

AUDITORIUM

RESIDENTIAL

THIRD FLOOR

TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN (3~6 FL) Studio

1 bdrm

SECOND FLOOR

ESSEX STREET MARKET 10

PERMANENT STALLS

11

FLEXIBLE STALLS

12

FOOD COURT

13

BAKERY

14

ADMINISTRATION

SECOND FLOOR RESIDENTIAL PLAN 2 bdrm

3 bdrm

GROUND FLOOR RESIDENTIAL PLAN

GROUND FLOOR

AXONOMATRIC PLANS OF MARKET AND MUSUM

1

TYPICAL STUDIO UNIT

2

TYPICAL ONE BEDROOM UNIT

3

TYPICAL TWO BEDROOM UNIT

4

TYPICAL THREE BEDROOM UNIT

5

BIKE MAINTENANCE

6

LAUNDRY

7

BIKE PARKING

8

TOWER CORE

9

RECREATION CENTER

1/32” = 1’-00” 1/32” = 1’-00” 0”

16”

32” 0”

BASEMENT

18

16”

32”

04 Ecology Classroom Building This project is a learning center shared by the Ames Middle School and Ames High School science departments for their science and ecology curriculum. Science and education students from Iowa State University will use the facility as a teaching laboratory.

Individual Academic Work

Oct - Dec, 2015 | Iowa State University Instructor: Bruce Bassler

Site Location: Ames, Iowa

This ecology classroom building will serve for middle school and high school students as an architectural device for engaging nature. It will accommodate 3 classrooms for middle school and high school science students as well as support spaces and public rooms that facilitate a multi-purpose science classroom. Students should experience and understand nature differently after periodic attendance at this school.

The site, located northwest of the campus of Iowa State University, is forested land defined by edges of manmade development. Elegant,

19

mature trees; topographical axes; the quality of its light; the complexity of the forest floor and tree canopy; its unrelenting view of the sky — all conspire to make it exceptional.

The building’s relation to site should encourage school children and all who experience the b u il d in g t o ‘ t h in k d if f e r e n t l y ’ a b ou t t h e relationship between the man-made and natural environment.

CONCEPT DRAWING

PHYSICAL MODEL

EXTERIOR RENDERING

20

Basement Plan

1st Floor Plan

A

Section A-A

A

+62’-06”

+53’-06”

13

13

4 3

+40’-00”

2

8

5

7

B

B

1

+27’-00”

6

+13’-00”

14

+0’-00”

3rd Floor Plan

2nd Floor Plan

13

Section B -B

13

+62’-06”

+53’-06”

3 9 3

B

B

12

10

+40’-00”

11

10

+27’-00”

14

14

+13’-00” A

A

1 "Basic Life Science Research" laboratory

5 Main entrance area

9 Exterior play area

3 Restroom

7 Science/ecology staff office

11 Small kitchen/catering prep area

2 Equipment storage

6 Exterior drop-off space

10 Multi-purpose classroom

4 Mechanical room

8 Balcony

12 Outdoor classroom

13 General Circulation

+0’-00”

14 Emergency staircase

21

ELEVATIONS

22

05 FLAT TO FOLD ORIGAMI MOLDS Since the industrial revolution one of the primary methodologies of fabrication has been both the production and transformation of standardized sheet goods into formed units through mechanical techniques of stamping, extruding, and/or cutting and folding. In this project the research team explored cutting, folding and joining techniques with ZUND cut PETG plastic sheets to produce molds for casting building elements out of concrete.

Material & Tools: concrete, PETG, staple gun, plywood, ZUND Teammates: Joon Kang, Leon Ko

Fall, 2018 | University of Michigan Instructor: Glenn Wilcox

Working as a group we are to design and construct an assembly of cast elements from plastic folded molds. The producing process

are concentrated on unit form design, inherent properties of the sheet material, and logistics of casting.

We utilized both physical and computational

modeling techniques, methods of translation from 3D to 2D to 3D, Yupo plasticized paper,

PETG plastic sheeting, hand staple gun, and the ZUND cutter as our primary fabrication tool.

23

PETG Sheets Cut Line on ZUND TYPE 1

TYPE 2

TYPE 3

24

Fabrication Process

Cut PETG on ZUND

PETG pieces sort

Mold in box ready to cast

concrete poured in 25

Finished mold

Joints for assembly

Casted Concrete Modules with Notch System

11”

18”

18”

12”

26

Final Assembly

27

06 THE VIRTUAL TO REALITY Fabrication in Mixed Reality The construction industry’s reliance on two-dimensional documentation results in inefficiency, inconsistency, waste, human error, and increased cost, and limits architectural experimentation with novel form, structure, material or fabrication approaches. By displaying design models at scale and in the context of a construction environment rather than traditional 2D drawings, the new method of fabrication powered by augmented reality not only eliminates these redundancies, but also explores the potential of revolutionizing the bridge between design and construction.

Teammates: Joon Kang, Mohammadamin Aghagholizadehsayar, Yutao Hu Fall, 2018 | University of Michigan Instructor: Matias del Campo

This prototypical project was to design and

construct a small pavilion from bent mild steel rods. The process illustrates the use of the

software to assist with the design, fabrication, assembly and analysis of the structure. We

further recogoized that fabrication within mixed reality environments can enable basictrained construction teams to assemble complex structures in short time frames and with

minimal errors, and outline possibilities for further improvements.

28

Test bending with AR

Labeling pieces

Assembled test model

Metal rod bending with AR

Joint unit

Final pavilion assembly

Connection detail

Final ajustment

Assemble the test model with AR

29

Parametric Design & Assembly Assistance Grasshopper scripts:

30

07 THE SYNTHETIC + THE NATURAL A Casted Living Green Wall This project is looking at the interactive relationship between the built environment and nature through the scope of architectural fabrication advanced by the digital technology and material exploration. The researching and fabraction process have gone through the design and construction of cast elements to create the living green wall.

Teammates: Yutao Hu Winter, 2019 | University of Michigan Instructor: Glenn Wilcox

This research project aims at developing a bio-system in a vertical format supported by a designed concrete block system. At the first stage of this research project which has been developed so far, the main focus was on the design of the geometry of the concrete block based on the functionality and aesthetics and to design and deduce a doable work flow of fabricating the physical piece of concrete components. Implementing the digital tools and exploring the materiality of the casting media, a series of molding and demolding processes have been developed for the final version method. Silicon rubber was utilized as the key material of the mold for casting concrete pieces, because of its flexibility and reusability.

31

32

33

34

35

THE END

36

'Thank you'

P E I YA O L I U

liupeiyao13@gmail.com +1.515.520.4283