Administration
1
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
zl-Vh-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-¾Å-ºV¼ü TIBETAN TERMINOLOGY PROJECT
º²Ûm-BôP-zl-Vhü ADMINISTRATIVE TERMS
ÁïÅ-¼ÛG-¯ô¤-OÛG-±m-qü PUBLICATION CELL / DOE
Administration
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
2
abandonment
1ü ÇtôP-zºÛ-¾Åü 2ü Mz-Bô¼-xÛ¼-ºfïmü
abate
GTôG-V-‚ïh-qü ZÝP-hÝ-GbôP- ‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-IPÅ-ºzô¼-hP.ü zü ƒÛ-zü ±h-GŸÛº¤-P¼-ÁÝGÅ-Wï-VßP-hÝ-GbôP-zü
abbreviation
1ü zÇkÝÅ-»ÛG zÇ+ÝPÅ-»ÛG 1ü ±ÛG-G¤-±ÛG-±ôGÅ-fÞP-hÝ-zbP2ü ±ÛG-±ôGÅ-zBåPÅ-qü zºÛ-n¤-qü 2ü V-ÁÅ-¼ï-ºGº-h‚ãP-zº¤-xÛÅbï-fÞP-hÝ-GbôP-zü
abdication
Gô-GmÅ-ºhô¼-zü
¾ÞGÅ-¤fÞm-HÛ-hGôPÅ-ŸÝ-hP.ü hzPV-hô¼-zº¤-„ÀôÅ-GbôP-ü
abditory
Ç~-Åü Z¼-±GÅ-‚ïh-Åü
¼Ûm-fP-Tm-HÛ-T-hPôÅ-¼ÛGÅ-Ç~-ºWôGG¤-GTïÅ-Z¼-‚ïh-Åü
abduction
z®m-FÛhü
Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-z®m-qô-hzP-Áïh-ˆÛÅz¸ÞP-Z¼-‚ïh-q-hP.ü ºFÛh-qºÛ-FۤźG¾-‚-GŸG
abetment
PG-GÛ-zMãh-Ç+ݾü Pm-Ç+ݾü
PG-GÛ-Ç+ݾ-ÇÀôP-‚ïh-±ß¾ü
abettor
zMãh-Ç+ݾ-‚ïh-qôü Pm-Ç+ݾ-‚ïh-qôü
GŸm-¾-zMãh-Ç+ݾ-¾¤-Åï¤Å-ÁÝGÅÇtô¼-zº¤-¼ôGÅ-‚ïh-¤Dmü
abeyance
GmÅ-Ç+zÅ-PP-ºfïmü
‚ïh-ÇKô-GP-ŸÛG-GmÅ-Ç+zÅ-¼ÛP-
1ü ‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-ÇôtP-zºÛ-‚-GŸG 2ü ¾Å-ºGm-m¤-¤ôÅ-q-»ôh-zŸÛm-hݼôGÅ-¼¤-¤¤-Mz-Bô¼-xÛ¼-ºfïm‚ïh-qü
Administration
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
3
¤±¤Å-ºWôG ‚ïh-ÇKô-GP-ŸÛG-Çtï¾-Oæz-fÞz-qºÛ¼P-zŸÛmü
ability
ºWôm-fP.ü
abinitio
fôG-¤-ZÛh-mÅü ºGô-Çôeh-mÅü fôG-¤¼-ºGô-º²âGÅ-hÝÅ-mÅü
abnormal
uÛ¼-zbP-¤Ûm-qü
uÛ¼-zbP-P¤-uÛ-ljô¤Å-ˆÛ-V-¾Ån¤-q-f-hh-qü
abolition
1ü ¯-Gbô¼ü ÇoÝz-qü 2ü ±ï-G»ôG-¾¤-¾ÞGÅ-¯ÇoÝzü
1ü ÇÀh-¤¼-¯-º²Ûm-¾G-zÇe¼-¤ÛhGôÅ-q-z¸ô-zºÛ-‚-GŸG 2ü ±ï-G»ôG-¾¤-Æô¾-¯-Gbô¼ü
aboriginal
Å-BïÅ-lô-BïÅ-ˆÛü Ghôh-¤ºÛü fôG-¤-ZÛh-mÅ-Å-DÞ¾-hï-¼P-hÝGmÅ-qºÛü
Above cited
GôP-ǨôÅü
¯ô¤-ƒÛÅ-Ť-hqï-hïz-ˆÛ-V-ÁÅ-ÇS¤¼-ǨôÅ-¸Ûm-qºÛü
above mentioned
GôP-Gžü GôP-ºDôhü
hï-GºÛ-mP-ÇSôm-mÅ-zXôh-¸Ûm-qºÛü
abridge
1ü zÇkÝÅ-qü 2ü ljÛP-zÇkÝÅ-z¸ô-zü
1ü zXôh-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-»ÛG-GŸÛZÝP-ºyÛ-‚ïh-qü 2ü ljÛP-hôm-¤-z½ÀG-q¼-zÇkÝÅ-ÅÞGbôP-zü
abridgement
ljÛP-qô¼-zÇkÝ-±ß¾ü
¤hô¼-zÇkÝ-zº¤-fÞP-hÝ-GbôP-zºÛ-‚GŸG
Administration
4
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
abrogation
¯ÛÅ-¤ïh-z¸ô-±ß¾ü
mÝÅ-q-hP.ü V-ºWôG-¿-e zÞ-¤ïh-q-z¸ô±ß¾ü
absconder
Gz-‚ô¾-zü
º²Ûm-z¸ÞP-P¤-FÛ¤Å-GbàGÅ-¾ÅG»ô¾-fzÅ-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-mG-Tm-qü
absence
1ü ¤ïh-qü 2ü ±ôGÅ-Vhü Pô-Vhü
1ü GmÅ-hï¼-¤ïh-qºÛ-GmÅ-Çz+ Å-Ť¼P-zŸÛmü 2ü ¤Û-Pô-hPôÅ-ÅÞ-Pô-zT¼-¤-fÞz-qü
absentee
1ü ±ôGÅ-Vh-qü 2ü Çkôh-GmÅ-ÅÞ-¤ïh-qºÛGP-¸G
1ü ¼P-GÛ-¾Å-;-‚ïh-ż-¤-ÇïÀzÅqºÛ-GP-¸G 2ü ¼P-GÛ-Çôkh-GmÅ-ÅÞ-¤ïh-qºÛ-Bï-zôü
absenteeism
¾Å-‚ô¾ü ¾Å-G»ô¾ü
Mãm-Gbm-mÅ-¾Å-zT¼-¤Û-‚ïh-qºÛ-¼PGÁÛÅü
absolute
1ü ¿eôÅ-¤ïhü V-±P-zü 2ü ¿Ëh-¤ïhü
1ü ¿eôÅ-¤ïh-ˆÛ-Eh-VôÅ-Ť-Pô-zô»ôPÅ-ÅÞ-µôGÅ-qü 2ü zÆïÅ-¿Ëh-¤ïh-qü
absolve
1ü h;¼-ºhôm-‚ïh-qü 2ü ºGm-¾Å-Iô¾-zü
1ü mG-ZïÅ-Ť-ZïÅ-Bôm-¤ïh-qºÛzTh-F-OôG-qü 2ü ¾Å-ºGm-¾Å-GÝ-»PÅ-GbôP-zü
absorption
1ü ÅÛ¤-qü ºfÛ¤-qü 2ü ljô¤Å-ºWâG
1ü Vß-¿-e zÞ-mP-hÝ-ÅÛ¤-qºÛ-‚-GŸGG¤-zMãh-¼Û¤ü 2ü h¤ÛGÅ-q-¾-¯ï-GTÛG-bà-GmÅ-qºÛÅï¤Å-ˆÛ-GmÅ-Ç+zÅü
Administration
5
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
abstract
1ü ljÛP-hômü 2ü uÛ-¤±mü
1ü Gmh-hôm-G¾-ºGPÅ-Vï-zn¤Å-zÇkÝÅ-qºÛ-zXôh-qü 2ü ¼P-¤±m-HÛ-¿ôkG-¹-Çïeü ‚hPôÅ-GP-»P-¼ÞP-zºÛ-dôGzbGÅ-®¤-HÛ-Pô-zô-hP-EhVôÅü
abstractor
ljÛP-hôm-ÇkÝh-qôü
Gmh-hôm-GTïÅ-zbàÅ-‚ïh-qôº¤Ç‰ÛP-zÇkÝÅ-ºGôh-¤Dmü
absurd
1ü Mã-¤±m-hP-¤Û-¤fÞm-qºÛü 1ü ¼ÛGÅ-qº¤-Mã-¤±m-»P-hGDÞPÅ-¾ÞP-¤ïh-qºÛü hP-¤Û-¤fÞm-qü 2ü n¤-hrôh-ˆÛÅ-hzïm-qü 2ü n¤-hrôh-h¤-z¸P-qôºÛ-ÁïÅVô-¤ïhü ¼z-hP-»ôPÅ-ÅÞ-hzïm-qü
abundance
ºzï¾-qôü ºzï¾-¿ËàG-¿ËàG
hGôÅ-PïÅ-¾Å-¿ËG-qºÛ-IPÅ-ºzô¼¼¤-¤Dô-vôhü
abuse
1ü ¾ôG-q¼-uôh-qü 2ü h¤º-ºzïzÅ-qü
1ü hzP-V-¿e-zÞ-±ß¾-¤fÞm-¤Ûmqº¤-¾ôG-q¼-uôh-qü 2ü h¤º-ºzïzÅ-Ť-¤fôP-VßPGÛÅ-±ÛG-Pm-zXôh-qü
academic
ÁïÅ-»ôm-HÛü G®ßG-¾G-GÛ
ÇÀôz-I-Ô hP.ü ¤fô-ÇôÀzü G®ßG-¾GÇÀôz-DP-Åô-ÅôºÛ-ÁïÅ-»ôm-m¤-hï-hGhP-ºƒï¾-zºÛü
academician
1ü G®ßG-¾G-¼z-º‚¤Å-qü 1ü G®ßG-¾G-ÇôÀz-DP-GÛ-ÁïÅ-¿mk 2ü G®ßG-¾G-ÇôÀz-hqômü ¤Û-Çoü
Administration
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
6
2ü ¤fô-ÇÀôz-z¤-G®ßG-¾G-ÇÀôz-GZï¼DP-hÝ-ÁïÅ-»ôm-‚-z-Çtï¾-¤Dmü academics
G®ßG-¾G-ÇÀôz-±mü
¤fô-ÇÀôz-z¤-G®ßG-¾G-ÇÀôz-DP-GÛ-ÇÀôz±m-hP-ÇÀôz-¢ôP.ü
academy
G®ßG-¾G-ÇÀôz-DP.ü
¼ÛG-GmÅ-‚ï-ƒG-q-GTÛG-G¤-hÝ-¤-ÇÀôz¢ôP-‚ïh-źÛ-ÇÀôz-GZï¼-DP.ü
accede
1ü ºhôh-Çàme -‚ïh-qü 2ü ºGm-GmÅ-¾ïm-qü 3ü ¤ôÅ-¤fÞm-‚ïh-qü
1ü GŸm-HÛ-ºhôh-qº¤-zŤ-±ß¾-¾Pô-ÆâP-‚ïh-qü 2ü ¾Å-;ºÛ-ºGm-ºDÞ¼-„PÀ Å-qü 3ü ¤ôÅ-¤fÞm-Mz-Bô¼-‚ïh-qü
acceleration
1ü ¥ã¼-±h-ºw¼-Vü 2ü ¥ã¼-±h-Çôom-ÇPe Åü
1ü Wï-¤HôGÅ-Wï-¤HôGÅ-Å-Þ ºIô-zºÛ-Vü 2ü ¥ã¼-±h-Çôt¼-zºÛ-‚-GŸG
accept
1ü DÅ-¾ïm-qü 2ü hP-hÝ-¾ïm-qü 3ü ¤ôÅ-¤fÞm-‚ïh-qü
1ü PôÅ-¾ïm-‚ïh-qü 2ü ¢Ûm-qºÛ-hPôÅ-qô-GP-ŸÛG-hGºqôºÛ-PP-¾ïm-qü 3ü ¤ôÅ-¤fÞm-‚ïh-qü
acceptability
DÅ-¾ïm-ºôÅ-qºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü
ºhôh-„Àô-DïPÅ-qº¤-PôÅ-¾ïm-‚ïh-¼ÞPzºÛ-Eh-VôÅü
acceptable
DÅ-¾ïm-¼ÞP-zºÛü
PôÅ-¾ïm-‚-ºôÅ-qºÛü
accession
1ü ¤ôÅ-¤fÞmü 2ü Gô-ż-ºDôh-qü
1ü ‚-z-GP-ŸÛG-¾-¤ôÅ-¤fÞm-‚ïh-qü 2ü Gô-GmÅ-hP.fôz-fP-Gż-q-
Administration
7
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
3ü hïz-ºGôhü
ºfôz-fzÅü 3ü hqï-¤²ôh-¿-e zÞºÛ-¤-hïz-mP-hïzºGôh-‚ïh-qü
accessory
1ü ‚-Pm-¤fÞm-IôGÅü 2ü ¸Þ¼-Çôom-V-¾G
1ü ¾Å-hôm-hï¼-hPôÅ-ÅÞ-¤Z¤ŸÝGÅ-¤ïh-ˆP-ü ¤Û-GŸm-ŸÛG¾-FÛ¤Å-ºG¾-HÛ-‚-z-z¯¤Mã¼-¼ôGÅ-‚ïh-¤Dmü 2ü ºyâ¾-VÅ-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-Ÿô¼GbôGÅ-V-ÁÅü
accident
1ü Aïm-VG 2ü ÇeïÅ-hzP.ü
1ü ©Å-Bôm-m¤-ºVÛ-Aïm-º‚ãPGŸÛºÛ-VG-ÇKôü 2ü Mã-Aïm-D-Gž-¤Û-¿mk -mºP¼P-zŸÛm-ÇezÅ-¾ïGÅ-ˆÛÅ‚ãP-zü
accidental
ÇeïÅ-hzP-GÛ
¼ï-ºhÝm-hP-;Ým-ÇÀôP-¤ïh-q¼-‚ãPzºÛü
accommodate
1ü GÝ-ÁP-‚ïh-qü 2ü hGôÅ-¤Dô-¢ô¼-zü 3ü Çkôh-DP-vôh-qü
1ü hGôÅ-hôm-Gż-q-ŸÛG-¾-¼mqºÛ-ºHã¼-z-GbôP-zü 2ü hGôÅ-¤Dô-¿¼e -¤Dô-ºhôm-‚ïh-qü 3ü GmÅ-DP-¢Ûm-qü
accommodation
1ü GÝ-ÁP.ü 2ü Çkôh-DP.ü 3ü ºhݤ-qü
1ü ºôÅ-ÁÛP-º±¤Å-q¼-z¸ô-zü 2ü ¤P-±ôGÅ-ˆÛ-¤fÞm-Aïm-ÇÀh-hÝ¢¼-zºÛ-GmÅ-DP.ü 3ü zŤ-±ß¾-¤Û-¤fÞm-q-n¤ÅºIÛGÅ-ºWGÅ-‚ïh-qü
Administration
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
8
accompanist
(¼ô¾-¤ôºÛ-)¼¤-ºhïGÅ-qü
¼ô¾-¤ôºÛ-¼¤-Bô¼-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-GP-¸G
accomplished
1ü ‚P-Vßz-qºÛü 2ü hrÛÅ-xÛm-qºÛü
1ü ¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-¾-¢PÅ-¯¾wÞ¾-hÝ-‚ãP-zºÛü 2ü ¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-¾ïGÅ-q¼zOæzÅ-qº¤-¤WâG-Bï¾-‚Å-qºÛü
accord
1ü „Àô-D-¤fÞm-qü 2ü VÛPÅ-»ÛG-ºWôG-ÇPe Åü 3ü VÛPÅ-»ÛG
1ü zŤ-±ß¾-¤fÞm-qü 2ü ¾ÞGÅ-¤fÞm-HÛ-ÇKô-mÅ-IôÅ-¤fÞmºWôG-±ß¾ü 3ü ¼P-hzP-G®P-¤ºÛ-zhG-qôº¤-M¾Dz-wm-±mß -IôÅ-¤fÞm-»GÛ -Vü
accordance
1ü ¤fÞm-qü 2ü GmP-±ß¾ü 3ü ¤-IôÅ-zŤ-q-GTÛG¤fÞmü
1ü hï-hP-zÇeàm-bïü 2ü GmP-z-vôh-qºÛ-‚-GŸG 3ü Bï-zô-wm-±ßm-hz¼-HÛ-zŤ-±ß¾GTÛG-bà-¤fÞm-qü
accordingly
hï-hP-zÇemà -bïü GŸÛ¼-z¸ÞP-Çïüe ¾Å-hmô -GP-ŸGÛ -GŸm-hP-Ç-ôK zÇemà -‚Å-büï
account
1ü Mã-¤±m-ºIï¾-zXôhü 2ü ¯ÛÅ-Fü
1ü ‚-uôh-h¤-hôm-Aïm-‚ï-ƒG-qºÛhGôÅ-hôm-ºIï¾-zXôhü 2ü hPÞ¾-ºw¼-vôh-±ß¼-¾ïm-hP.ü ‚ãP-ÅôP-GÛ-¯ÛÅ-fôü
account book
¯ÛÅ-hïzü
GbôP-»ôP-¯ÛÅ-FºÛ-hïzü
account for
1ü hïºÛ-Mã-¤±mü hïºÛ-Gž- 1ü GŸÛ-GP-»P-¼ÞP-zºÛ-Mã-¤±m-m¤zÁhü Gž-zÁhü 2ü Mã-¤±m-ºiïm-qü 2ü Mã-¤±m-ºGôh-qü
Administration
9
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
accountability
¾ï-fôGÅü ºGm-ºFÛü
Bï-zôº¤-¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-¾-zzÅqºÛ-ºGm-DÞ¼ü
accountable
1ü ºGm-ºFÛ-»ôh-qºÛü 2ü ºIï¾-¼ÞP.zºÛü
1ü Mã-¤±m-Gž-zÁh-ˆÛ-ºGmDÞ¼-»ôh-qºÛü 2ü ¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-Vïh-GžzÁh-‚-¼ÞP-zºÛü
accountancy
¯ÛÅ-qºÛ-¾Å-¼ÛGÅü
¯ÛÅ-qºÛ-¾Å-;-Çïeü ¯ÛÅ-F-Z¼ºWôG-hP-ŸÛz-ºWâG-GÛ-¾Å-hômü
accountant
¯ÛÅ-qü
¯ÛÅ-F-Z¼-ºWôG-¾Å-hôm-HÛ-Vïh¾Å-qü
accoutrements
(h¤G-¤ÛºÛ-)»ô-VÅ-hˆãÅ-¤ü Hôm-q-hP-Gô-¤±ôm-¾Å-GŸm-qºÛh¤G-¤ÛºÛ-»ô-VÅü
accretion
ºwï¾-Bïhü
D-Çoôm-m¤-M-zBïh-¾-zdïm-mÅ-‚ãPzºÛ-Mã-hPôÅ-ºwï¾-Bïhü
accrual
1ü GÅôG-±ß¾ü 2ü ºwï¾-Bïhü
1ü GÅôG-ºWôG-GÛ-‚-GŸG-G¤zMãh-¼Û¤ü 2ü Mã-hPôÅ-¿-e zÞ-ºwï¾-Bïh-h¤GÅôG-ºWôG-‚ïh-qü
accrue
1ü ¼P-zŸÛm-HÛÅ-º‚ãP-zü 2ü ¼P-zŸÛm-HÛÅ-ºwï¾-zü
1ü ¼P-‚ãP-fôm-Bïh-h¤-ºƒÅ-zÞ-¿-e zÞ¼-º‚ãP-zü 2ü ¼P-zŸÛm-ºwï¾-z-¿-e z¼Þ -º‚ãP-zü
accumulation
1ü GÅôG-ºWôG
1ü ÇtäPÅ-GÅôG-‚ïh-±ß¾ü
Administration
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
10
ÇtäPÅ-GÅôG 2ü ºwï¾-±ß¾ü
2ü IPÅ-ºzô¼-Wï-Vï¼-ºwï¾-zºÛ-zMãh¼Û¤ü
accuracy
1ü ºFâ¾-ƒ¾ü 2ü bG-bG
1ü Bôm-hP-mô¼-ºFâ¾-¤ïh-qºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü 2ü ±h-bG-bG-G¤-WÛ-¤-WÛ-zŸÛm-»ÛmqºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü
accurate
1ü bG-bG 2ü ºxãGÅ-¤ïhü
1ü hPôÅ-GmÅ-hP-»ôPÅ-ÅÞ-¤fÞm-qºÛü 2ü Bôm-hP-mô¼-ºFâ¾-¤ïh-qºÛü
accurately
¤-ºxãG-q¼ü
VïÅ-ºxãG-q-¤ïh-q¼ü
accusation
1ü mG-ZïÅ-Bôm-º²âGÅü 2ü Bôm-º²âGÅü
1ü GP-¸G-TÛG-¾-mG-ZïÅ-»ôh-q¼zXôh-qºÛ-¾ÞGÅ-¤fÞm-HÛ-Bômº²âGÅü 2ü Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-FÛ¤Å-ºG¾-¾¤mG-Tm-»Ûm-q¼-zXôh-±ß¾ü
accuse
1ü mG-ZïÅ-º²âGÅ-qü 2ü Bôm-º²âGÅ-qü
1ü mG-ZÅï -»hô -qºÛ-Bmô -º²âGÅ-‚hï -qü 2ü GŸm-¾-DG-h=Û-‚ïh-qü
accused
mG-ZïÅ-º²âGÅ-»Þ¾ü
FÛ¤Å-ºG¾-mG-º²âGÅ-‚ïh-źÛ-GP¸G-GTÛG-G¤-hÝ-¤ü
achieve
Åôm-qü fôz-qü
ºzh-z¯ôm-HÛÅ-fôz-qü
achievement
Iâz-ºƒÅü
¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-¾ïGÅ-q¼-Åôm-qºÛºƒÅ-zÞü
achiever
‚Å-XïÅ-Tmü ½‰ïh-q-Tmü
Iâz-ºƒÅ-¾ïGÅ-qô-fôz-qºÛ-GP-¸G
Administration
11
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
acknowledge
1ü DÅ-¾ïm-qü 1ü »ôh-qº¤-hPôÅ-qôºÛ-GmÅ2ü º‚ô¼-¾m-vôh-qü ¾ÞGÅ-Ť-zhïm-q-»Ûm-q-DÅ3ü fÞGÅ-Xï-¾ïGÅ-GÅô¾-Ÿ-Ý zü ¾ïm-‚ïh-qü 2ü »Û-Gï-¿-e zÞ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-º‚ô¼¾m-vôh-qü 3ü z;º-iÛm-zŤ-ÁïÅ-Ť-fÞGÅXï-¾ïGÅ-GÅô¾-zXôh-qü
acknowledgement
1ü DÅ-¾ïmü 1ü ¾Å-hôm-GP-»P-zOæzÅ-q¼-»2ü º‚ô¼-¾mü ¾m-Gžü ¾m-m¤-¾m-ºhïzÅü 3ü fÞGÅ-Xï-¾ïGÅ-GÅô¾ü 2ü z;º-iÛm-zŤ-ÁïÅ-Ť-XïÅÅÞ-»Û-¼P-GÛ-fÞGÅ-Xï-¾ïGÅGÅô¾-ŸÝ-zºÛ-n¤-qü 3ü ¾Å-hôm-ŸÛG-zOæzÅ-q¼-z;ºiÛm-Vï-ŸïÅ-¤±ôm-qºÛ-»-¾mü
acquaintance
1ü Pô-ÁïÅü 2ü MãÅ-¤Pºü
1ü ¼P-GÛÅ-Pô-ÁïÅ-qºÛ-¤Ûü 2ü Bï-zôº¤-hPôÅ-qô-GP-ŸÛG-Çô+¼HÛ-ÁïÅ-dôGÅü
acquire
1ü Oæz-qü 2ü ¥ôP-zÅ-Iâz-qü
1ü ¼P-GÛÅ-ºzh-z¯ôm-‚Å-mÅfôz-qü 2ü Z¤Å-¥ôP-GÛ-¾¤-mÅ-‚ãP-zü
acquisition
1ü fôz-±ß¾ü 2ü fôz-qü
1ü ºfôz-q¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-‚-GŸG 2ü fôz-qº¤-‚ãP-zºÛ-hPôÅ-qôü
acquit
1ü Bôm-º²âGÅ-¾Å-Oô¾-zü 1ü ZïÅ-Bôm-z®ßGÅ-q-¾Å-Oô¾-zü 2ü ¾Å-ºGm-¾Å-Oô¾-zü 2ü ¾Å-ºGm-mÅ-zÁô¾-zü 3ü ZïÅ-¤ïh-zTh-F-OôG-qü 3ü FÛ¤Å-ºG¾-mG-ZïÅ-Tm-¤Ûm-
Administration
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
12
qºÛ-zTh-F-OôG-qü acquittal
1ü ZïÅ-¤ïh-zTh-Fü 2ü ZïÅ-Iô¾ü
1ü mG-ZïÅ-º²âGÅ-»Þ¾-hï¼-Zïź²âGÅ-‚Å-q-¿e¼-HÛ-ZïÅ-q-¤ïhqºÛ-fG-GTôhü 2ü Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-mG-Tm-¤Ûm-q-¼ºyôh-‚ãP-±ß¾ü
act
zTÅ-FÛ¤Åü
IôÅ-±ôGÅ-ˆÛÅ-Gbm-¾-wz-qºÛ-FÛ¤Åü
acting
¾Å-±zü
ºy¾-Åï¾-¼ÛP-GŸm-HÛ-¾Å-±z-‚ïh-qôü
action
(FÛ¤Å-GTôhü)¾G-zÇe¼ü
OÛG-FÛ¤Å-¯-º²Ûm-HÛÅ-ZïÅ-ºGï¾-¾GzÇe¼-‚ïh-±ß¾ü
actionable
(FÛ¤Å-GTôhü)¾G-zÇe¼ºôÅ-qºÛü
FÛ¤Å-GTôh-‚-MãºÛ-GŸÛ-¯-»ôh-qºÛü
active
OÛ¤-qôü Èà¼-qôü
¾Å-;¼-Èà¼-z¯ôm-hP-IâP-Á-hôh-qôü
actively
Èà¼-qôºÛ-ÇKô-mÅü OÛ¤-qôºÛ-ÇKô- Èà¼-z¯ôm-hP-IâP-Á-hôh-qôºÛ-ÇKô-mÅü mÅü
activity
‚-GŸG ‚ïh-ÇôKü
‚ïh-ÇKô-‚ï-ƒG-q-GP-»P-¼ÞP-zü
actual
hPôÅü hôm-hPôÅü
mÝÅ-q-¿km-qº¤-ÆÛh-q-®¤-¤Ûm-q¼-h¿eºÛ-Ç+zÅ-hPôÅ-ÅÞ-»ôh-qü
actuary
ºGm-ÆâP-¤-ºWôG-¯ÛÅ-qü
Zïm-ÆâP-¤-ºWôG-GÛ-»-Zïm-hP-¹-hÝÅvôh-ºzz-¯ÛÅ-MG-‚ïh-¤Dmü
Administration
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
13
ad hoc
Vïh-º²âGÅü
Gmh-hôm-‚ï-ƒG-q-GTÛG-hP-ºƒï¾zº¤-hïºÛ-ÇÀh-hÝü
ad infinitum
¤fº-»Å-q¼ü
‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-¤fº-¤ïh-qº¤-¤Þ¤fº-¤ïh-qü
ad interim
z¼-zL¾ü
z¼-¤ºÛ-hÝÅ-»Þm-Vïh-hÝü
ad valorem
¼Ûm-fP-¾-zÇ+ô¼-zºÛü
F¾-zMzÅ-¸Ûm-qºÛ-hPôÅ-¸ôG-GÛ±ôh-hqG-¼Ûm-fP-hP-hô-¤Z¤-qü
adaptable
ºyôh-ºiÛÅ-fÞz-qºÛü
Gô¤Å-ºiÛÅ-fÞz-qºÛ-mÝÅ-q-hP-¿kmqü
addendum
D-Çôomü D-Çô+P.ü
q¼-ºIï¤Å-‚Å-qºÛ-hqï-hïz-ÅôGňÛ-D-Çoôm-»ÛG-Vü
addressee
GbôP-»Þ¾ü
hPôÅ-qô-GP-ŸÛG-GbôP-źÛ-»Þ¾ü
addressograph
D-‚P-ºyâ¾-ºDô¼ü
D-‚P-¼P-ºGݾ-q¼-ºhïzÅ-‚ïhqºÛ-ºyâ¾-ºDô¼-ŸÛG
adequate
ºhP-PïÅü
hGôÅ-¤Dô-Ç+ôP-fÞz-PïÅ-Ť-ºhPPïÅü
adherence
zTôÅ-¤Ûm-Mz-Bô¼ü zTôÅ-¤Ûm- ÆÛh-hôm-±ôGÅ-qº¤ü ¯-hôm-m¤ü VôÅ-¾ÞGÅ-¿e-zÞ¼-D-Ÿï-GZÛÅ-¤ïhXïÅ-ºƒP.ü ˆÛ-Mz-Bô¼ü
adhesive
º‚¼-±Ûü
hPôÅ-qô-wm-±ßm-¤Z¤-hÝ-¢ô¼-‚ïh-
Administration
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
14
ˆÛ-º‚¼-zG-Tm-HÛ-µÅü adjacent
1ü Zï-ºFÛÅü 2ü ¤fº-£ï¾-HÛü
adjoin
1ü £ï¾-zü 1ü GŸÛ-GP-ŸÛG-hP-Zï-z¼-ºƒï¾-zü 2ü ºhzÅ-ºƒï¾-hÝ-GmÅ-qü 2ü GŸÛ-GŸm-ŸÛG-hP-Zï-z¼-GmÅ-qü
adjourn
1ü ¤±¤Å-ºWôG-‚ïh-qü 2ü z¼-GÅïP-ºWôG-qü 3ü xÛ¼-zÁô¾-‚ïh-qü
adjournment
1ü ±ôGÅ-ºhÝ-¤±¤Å-ºWôG 1ü ±ôGÅ-ºhÝ-z¼-¤±¤Å-ºWôG-qü 2ü hÝÅ-±ôh-GŸm-ŸGÛ -z¼-x¼Û -ºHPÅü 2ü xÛ¼-zÁô¾ü
adjudge
1ü FÛ¤Å-fG-GTôh-qü 2ü ZïÅ-Vh-GbôP-zü
1ü FÛ¤Å-¾ÞGÅ-ˆÛ-fôG-mÅ-fG-GTôh‚ïh-qü 2ü FÛ¤Å-fôG-mÅ-ZïÅ-Vh-GbôP-zü
adjudicate
Zm-ŸÛzü
D-¤Vß-GbàG-zÁï¼-Ç+zÅ-FÛ¤Å-hqôm-HÛPô-zô¼-zŸÝGÅ-bï-Gmh-hôm-hrh-ŸÛz‚ïh-qü
adjudicator
zTh-F-GbôP-¤Dmü Ÿ¾-¿Uï-zü
¯ôh-½‰ôG-hP-D-¤Vß-¿e-zÞºÛ-Gmh-hôm-ZmŸÛz-ˆÛÅ-fG-GTôh-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-GP-¸G
1ü GŸÛ-GP-ŸÛG-hP-Zï-¾ôGÅ-hï-¤-fGqºÛü 2ü ¸Þ¼-¼¤-¤fº-¤±¤Å-fÞm-¤ôPTmü
1ü ±ôGÅ-fïPÅ-¤±¤Å-ºWôG-‚ïh-qü 2ü ºhÝ-º²ô¤Å-Ť-±ôGÅ-ºhÝ-z¼¤±¤Å-ºWôG-qü 3ü ±ôGÅ-ºhݺÛ-¾Å-¼Û¤-hÝÅ-±ôhGŸm-ŸÛG-z¼-w¼-ºHPÅ-‚ïh-qü
Administration
15
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
adjust
1ü ljô¤-OÛG-‚ïh-qü 2ü ºiÛÅ-Gô¤Å-‚ïh-qü
1ü ‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-±h-GŸÛ-bGbG-G¤-¼m-qô-»ôP-Vïh-ÇePź²Ûm-‚ïh-qü 2ü ¼P-ZÛh-GmÅ-ÇPe Å-Gżqº¤-¤Û-ºi-z-ŸÛG-¾-ºiÛÅGô¤Å-‚ïh-qü
adjustment
1ü ljô¤-OÛG 2ü zTôÅ-OÛG
1ü ‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-¼m-º±¤Åz¸ô-±ß¾-¾¤-VGÅ-±ß¾ü 2ü Hôm-VÅ-ˆÛ-V-±h-¿e-zÞ-zNå¼zTôÅ-zbP-Çeï-¤Û-ºi-z-z¸ô±ß¾ü
adjustor
ljô¤-OÛG-qü
Zïm-ÆâP-¤-ºWôG-GÛ-GÝm-GÅz-fôzVºÛ-fG-GTôh-Gmh-ǨÛm-»ôP-VïhŸÛz-ºWâG-hP-ºV¼-ºzÞ¾-‚ïh-¤Ûü
adjutant
h¤G-hqôm-HÛ-º²Ûm-BôP-¾Å¼ôGÅü
h¤G-hqôm-ŸÛG-¾-º²Ûm-BôP-¾Åhôm-fh-xG-¼ôGÅ-GmP-¤Dm-HÛ¾Å-‚ïh-q-ŸÛG
administer
º²Ûm-BôP-‚ïh-qü
º²Ûm-BôP-z;ôh-OÛG-GÛ-¾Å-GmÅOæz-qü
administration
º²Ûm-BôP.ü
1ü º²Ûm-BôP-z;ôh-OÛG-GÛ-‚-GŸG 2ü GŸÝP-GÛ-¾Å-‚ïh-ˆÛÅ-¤P±ôGÅ-ˆÛ-¾Å-hôm-z;ôh-‚ãÅ‚ïh-ÇePÅü
administrative
º²Ûm-BôP-GÛ
º²Ûm-BôP-hP-ºƒï¾-zº¤-º²Ûm-BôP-
Administration
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
16
GÛ-¾Å-ºGm-»ôh-qºÛü admissibility
PôÅ-¾ïm-fÞz-qºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü
DÅ-¾ïm-hÝ-¼ÞP-zºÛ-Mã-¤±m-HÛÅ-Pôžïm-fÞz-qºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü
admissible
1ü DÅ-¾ïm-ºôÅ-qºÛü 2ü º²â¾-ŸÝGÅ-¼ÞP-zºÛü
1ü DÅ-¾ïm-‚-¼ÞP-zºÛü 2ü º²â¾-ŸÝGÅ-ˆÛ-Eh-VôÅ-±P-zºÛü
admission
ŸÝGÅ-hôhü
ÇÀôz-IÔ-¿e-zÞ-ŸÛG-¾-º²â¾-ŸÝGÅ-‚-MãºÛVïh-vôh-hGôÅ-qºÛ-»ômü
admit
1ü DÅ-¾ïm-qü 2ü ŸÝGÅ-ÅÞ-ºWâG-qü 3ü Çkï-I¾-hÝ-ºWâG-qü
1ü hPôÅ-»ôh-GmÅ-±ß¾-¾¤-zhïm-q¼PôÅ-¾ïm-‚ïh-qü 2ü mP-hÝ-º²â¾-ŸÝGÅ-‚-MãºÛ-GmP-zvôh-qü 3ü Çkï-±m-m¤-±ôGÅ-I¾-GP-¼ÞP-hÝŸÝGÅ-MãºÛ-Gô-Ç+zÅ-vôh-qü
admittance
ŸÝGÅ-ºfÞÅü
Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-¾-¾Å-hôm-GP-¼ÞP-mPº²â¾-ŸÝGÅ-‚ïh-hÝ-ºWâG-qºÛ-‚-GŸG
admonish
1ü „ÀP-hô¼-¾¤-Çôem-qü 2ü D-b-ÇÝ+¾-¿GU -‚ïh-qü
1ü Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-;Ým-uôh-ºEＱ߾-fh-¾-ÇÀôz-Çeôm-GmP-zü 2ü OÛG-ºG¾-‚ïh-¤Û-¿-e zÞºÛ-GP-¸GTÛG-¾-iG-mm-Vï-zºÛ-Zïm-zlGbôP-zü
admonition
D-b-Ç+ݾ-¿UG
º‚ãP-Zï-zºÛ-Zïm-±zÅ-GP-ŸÛG-¾hôGÅ-¸ôm-‚ïh-hGôÅ-qºÛ-zÇÀz-‚-ZïmzlºÛ-ÇÀôz-Çeômü
charge
Administration
17
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
adolescent
1ü h¼-¾-¤-zz-qºÛü 2ü GŸôm-mÝü 3ü ¾P-±ô-h¼-Çz+ Å-ˆÛü
1ü m-±ôh-¤-¾ôPÅ-qºÛ-GmÅÇ+zÅü 2ü m-GŸôm-(¾ô-13mÅ-19z¼ü) 3ü ¾P-±ô-h¼-zŸÛm-q-mÅ-m¼-Åômz¼-HÛ-º±¼-¾ôP-º‚ãP-zŸÛmqºÛ-GmÅ-Ç+zÅü
adopt
1ü zÞ-±z-Z¼-zü 2ü ¤ôÅ-ºhï¤Å-‚ïh-qü
1ü FÛ¤Å-¤fÞm-HÛ-ÇôK-mÅ-GŸm-HÛyâ-GÝ-¼P-ZÛh-ˆÛ-mP-¤Û¼-Z¼-bïGÅô-BôP-‚ïh-qü 2ü DÅ-¾ïm-‚-Mã¼-ºôÅ-ºwïm-qü
adopter
zÞ-±z-Z¼-¤Dmü
GŸm-HÛ-yâ-GÝ-zÞ-±z-bà-Z¼-bï-GÅôBôP-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-GP-¸G
adult
1ü Lm-±h-¾ôPÅ-qü m¼-Åôm-qü 2ü h¼-¤ü
1ü FÛ¤Å-¤fÞm-HÛ-¾ô-±h-¾ôPÅqº¤-m-±ôh-ǨÛm-qºÛ-Bï-zôü 2ü ¾ô-zTô-zMh-h¤-Zï¼-GTÛG-¿-e zÞ-¾ô-IPÅ-PïÅ-Tm-¾Å-ºhÅqºÛ-Bï-wô-¤ôü
adulterant
¿Ëhü
ÇtäÅ-;-Ÿm-qº¤-hPôÅ-µÅ-GŸm-DÇoôm-zHÛÅ-bï-Bôm-Tm-z¸ô-zº¤-zÆïBôm-GbôP-‚ïhü
adultration
zÆïÅ-¿Ëhü
hPôÅ-qô-ÇtäÅ-;-¾ïGÅ-q-¿e-zÞ-ŸÛG¾-ÇtäÅ-;-Ÿm-qº¤-hPôÅ-µÅ-GŸmzÆï-zü
advance
1ü ÇS-ºhôm-vôh-qü
1ü Zï¼-¤DôºÛ-hPÞ¾-hPôÅ-TÛ-¼ÛGÅ-
Administration
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
18
2ü ÇS-ºhômü
ÇS-Çoݼ-HÛÅ-ºhôm-GbôP-‚ïh-qü 2ü hPÞ¾-hPôÅ-TÛ-¼ÛGÅ-ÇSôm-±ßh-mÅvôh-qºÛ-‚-GŸG
advantage
Dï-wmü hGï-¤±mü
‚-hPôÅ-Ť-‚-GŸG-GP-ŸÛG-mÅ-‚ãPzºÛ-wm-ºƒÅü
adverse
1ü ¤Û-¤fÞm-qºÛü 2ü ºG¾-¹ºÛü ¿kôG-xôGÅ-ˆÛü
1ü D-Gbh-‚ïh-qºÛü 2ü Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-wm-zhﺤ-Dï-wmhP-ºG¾-¹¼-ÅôP-zºÛü
adverse party
xôGÅ-ºG¾-±ôGÅ-qü
¿e-z-¤Û-¤fÞm-qºÛ-ÆÛh-hôm-±ôGÅ-q-¿e-zÞD-Gbh-ÁôG-DG
advertise
Ez-zOGÅ-‚ïh-qü
±ôP-ƒÛm-qô-»ôP-z-hP.ü ±ôP-¸ôG-GÛ-Ehn¤-ºzÞ¼-ºfôm-ÇÀh-¤P-±ôGÅ-¾-iÛ¾zOGÅ-‚ïh-qü
advertiser
Ez-zOGÅ-‚ïh-¤Dmü
±ôP-hôm-iÛ¾-zOGÅ-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-GP¸G
advice
zÇÀz-‚ü D-bü
¾¤-Çeôm-HÛ-D-b-ÇÀôz-GÅôü
advise
zÇÀz-‚-MG-qü
Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-¾-D-b-ÇÀôz-GÅô-‚ïh-qü
advisory
ÇÀôz-Çeôm-ŸÝ-źÛü
ÇÀôz-Çeôm-±ôGÅ-VßP-¿e-zÞ-¾Å-hôm-GP»P-¼ÞP-zºÛ-Vïh-¾¤-Çeôm-‚-MãºÛ-hzP±h-Tmü
advisory board
ÇÀôz-Çeôm-¿Ëm-MÅü
¾¤-Çeôm-»ô-zÆP-‚-MãºÛ-ºGm-hzP-Tm-
Administration
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
19
HÛ-ºhÝÅ-±ôGÅü advisory committee
ÇÀôz-Çeôm-±ôGÅ-VßP.ü
¾¤-Çeôm-HÛ-D-b-ÇÀôz-GÅô-‚ïh-¤DmHÛ-±ôGÅ-VßP.ü
advisory council
ÇÀôz-Çeôm-¿Ëm-±ôGÅü
¾¤-Çeôm-HÛ-D-b-ÇÀôz-GÅô-‚ïh-¤DmHÛ-¿Ëm-±ôGÅü
advocacy
ŸÝ-GbàG GbàG-zÁï¼ü
GmÅ-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-Vïh-hÝ-¯ôh¾ïm-m¤-ŸÝ-GbàG-‚ïh-±ß¾ü
advocate
ŸÝ-¯ôh-qü
FÛ¤Å-DP-mP-D-¤Vß-ŸÝ-GbàG-‚ïh¤Dm-HÛ-FÛ¤Å-¯ôh-qü
aerial
Gm¤-Ç+Ýhü
G¸ÞGÅ-¤fôP-z½‰m-ºyÛm-m¤-½ÀâPºyÛm-HÛ-G¸ÞGÅ-z½‰m-hP-OºÛ-zlGbôP-¾ïm-‚-MãºÛ-ºyâ¾-ºDô¼-HÛ-¤¾G-¿UGÅ-Ç+Ýh-¿e-zÞ-ÇeïP-hÝ-ºIïP-MãŸÛG
aerodrome
Gm¤-fP-VßP-zü
Gm¤-Iâ-ºzz-Å-hP.ºwÞ¼-źÛ-¿eïGmÅ-VßP-IÅü
aeronautical
Gm¤-Iâ-z¸ô-GbôP-GÛ
Gm¤-Iâ-GbôP-¾Å-hP.ü z¸ô-¾Å¼ÛG-qº¤-hï-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛü
aeroplane
Gm¤-Iâ
m¤-¤D¼-ºwÞ¼-Bôh-‚ïh-qºÛ-»ô-VÅü
affect
ÁÝGÅ-Aïmü
‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-¾-ÁÝGÅ-mÝÅ-fïzÅPïÅ-ˆÛ-±ô¼-z-iG-qôü
Administration
20
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
affidavit
ºzº-»ÛG
»ÛG-fôG-z;ôh-qºÛ-Gmh-hôm-GP-ŸÛGhPôÅ-zhïm-»Ûm-qºÛ-DÅ-¾ïm-h¤-zTºü
affiliate
ºƒï¾-DôPÅü
±ôGÅ-q-Vï-z-ŸÛG-GÛ-DôPÅ-GbôGÅ-ÅÞŸÝGÅ-qºÛ-Bï-zôº¤-OÛG-º²âGÅü
affiliation
1ü ºƒï¾-DôPÅ-PôÅ-¾ïmü 2ü ºƒï¾-DôPÅ-ÅÞ-ŸÝGÅ-qü
1ü ÆÛh-hôm-±ôGÅ-qº¤-OÛG-º²âGÅVï-DG-bà-¿Ëm-ŸÝGÅ-ˆÛ-ºƒï¾-¾¤ü 2ü ±ôGÅ-q-GP-ŸÛG-mP-¾ÞGÅ-¤fÞmHÛÅ-ºƒï¾-¾¤-¤¤-±ôGÅ-ŸÝGÅ‚ïh-±ß¾ü
affinity
1ü GZïm-OÛG-ºƒï¾-zü 2ü ¤±ßPÅ-VôÅü
1ü GZïm-OÛG-¾-zdïm-mÅ-‚ãP-zºÛºƒï¾-¾¤ü 2ü hPôÅ-qôº¤-Bï-zô-wm-±ßm-hz¼-HÛ¿Ëm-BïÅ-ˆÛ-ºi-zºÛ-Eh-VôÅü
affirmation
1ü »Ûm-q¼-Oæz-qü 1ü Gmh-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-Gbm-¾-ºzïzÅ2ü zhïm-±ß¾-Gž-zOGÅü qºÛ-‚-GŸG-G¤-Gbm-¾ºzïz-±ß¾ü 2ü GP-ŸÛG-zhïm-q-»Ûm-¾ÞGÅ-ˆÛGž-zOGÅü
affirmative
1ü »Ûm-q¼-Oæz-qºÛü 2ü Mz-Bô¼-HÛü ¤ôÅ-¤fÞm-HÛü
1ü Gbm-¾-ºzïzÅ-qº¤-¤ôÅ-¤fÞm‚ïh-qºÛü 2ü zŤ-„ôÀºÛ-ºEï¼-ÇPe Å-ŤÆÛh-‚ãÅ-GP-ŸÛG-¾-Mz-Bô¼‚ïh-qºÛü
affirmative
Ǩm-qºÛ-‚-GŸG
zÞh-¤ïh-h¤-IPÅ-ZÝP-±ôGÅ-Çkï-DG-GÛ-
action
Administration
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
21
DôPÅ-ÅÞ-GbôGÅ-q-n¤Å-¾-ÇÀôz¢ôP-hP-¾Å-;ºÛ-Gô-Ç+zÅ-ÇS¼-¿ËG»¼-MÅ-GbôP-MãºÛ-ºzh-z¯ôm-mmqôü affix
¤Z¤-¢¼ü Ám-¢¼ü
hPôÅ-qô-GP-ŸÛG-wm-±ßm-OôG-q-hP¤fÞh-qü »P-m-hïºÛ-ÇïeP-D-ÇôomMG-qü
afford
1ü ºIô-Iôm-GbôP-fÞz-qü 2ü „ÀôÅ-GbôP-fÞz-qü
1ü ‚-z-GP-ŸÛG-‚-M㺤-hPôÅ-qôGP-ŸÛG-Zô-Vïh-hÝ-hq¾-º‚ô¼¤fÞm-Aïm-»ôh-qü 2ü „ÀôÅ-GbôP-wôh-qü
afforestation
mGÅ-±¾-ºhïzÅ-º²âGÅü
Å-ÇeôP-P¤-ŸÛP-Å-ÁÛP-mGÅ-ÅÞzNå¼-zü
affranchise
1ü ¼P-hzP-¢Ûm-qü 1ü ±ï-G»ôG-G¤-ƒm-G»ôG-¾¤2ü ºôÅ-ºhï¤Å-fôz-fP-vôh-qü ¾ÞGÅ-¿-e z-Þ mÅ-¼P-hzP-¢mÛ -qü 2ü ºôÅ-ÁGô -ºwP-Mºã -Û fzô -fP-vhô -qü
aforesaid
ÇS¼-ǨôÅ-qºÛü
ÇSôm-hÝ-zXôh-¸Ûm-qºÛ-Gmh-hôm-GP»P-¼ÞP-zü
afresh
ÇÀ¼-»P.ü
Gż-hÝü »P-zB¼ü zB¼-hÝü
afternoon
xïh-»ô¾ü ZÛm-Mzü
ZÛm-hGÝP-Vß-±ôh-zTß-GZÛÅ-»ô¾zºÛ-XïÅ-ˆÛü
afterward
xÛÅ-ÅÞü XïÅ-Åô¼ü
hÝÅ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-XïÅ-¾ü
Administration
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
22
against
¿kôG-xôGÅ-ÅÞü
D-Gbh-ˆÛ-xôGÅ-ÅÞü
ageism
m-±ôh-h‚ï-º‚ïhü
¾ô-m-Lm-ºDôGÅ-hP.ü h¼-»ô¾-¾h¤º-ºzïzÅ-ˆÛ-¿e-±ß¾ü
agenda
IôÅ-GŸÛü
±ôGÅ-ºhÝ-¿e-zÞ¼-IôÅ-zÇkݼ-Vïh-ºEï¼MãºÛ-hôm-Gmh-DG
agent
1ü Pô-±zü 2ü GÅP-zºÛ-¾Å-‚ïhü
1ü Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-ºfÞÅ-¤Ûº¤-Pô-±z¤±ôm-q¼-‚ïh-qü 2ü ÆÛh-GŸÝP-GÛ-GÅP-zºÛ-¾Å-hôm-HÛ¤Û-ºIô
aggrandizement
¤Pº-fP-GôP-ºwï¾ü
fôz-Gô-ź¤-¤±m-Çm‰ ü Mã-mô¼-ÅôGÅGôP-Çtï¾-hÝ-GbôP-zºÛ-‚-GŸG
aggravation
1ü ¯çz-uôhü 2ü Wï-ÇÝkG-bà-GbôP-±ß¾ü
1ü GŸm-¾-zÅÞm-ÇPo -hP-Fô-z-ÇôÀP-z¼‚ïh-qºÛ-¤Û-ºfh-qºÛ-;Ým-uôhü 2ü h;º-P¾-Wï-Vï¼-¼¤-mh-GŸÛ-WïÇkÝG-bà-GbôP-zºÛ-‚-GŸG
aggregate
1ü wÞP-qô¼-ºhÝ-zü 2ü Eôm-zÇkô¤Åü
1ü hPôÅ-qô-¤P-qô-GôP-zÞ¼-xôGÅ-qº¤ºhÝÅ-qü 2ü IPÅ-ºzô¼-f¤Å-Th-GTÛG-bàzÇkïzÅ-qºÛ-Eôm-ºzô¼ü
aggregation
wÞP-GÅôG ¤Z¤-Çïkzü
‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-¤Z¤-hÝ-Çkïz-qºÛ-‚GŸG
aggrieved
1ü „Àô-w¤ü »Ûh-Vhü
1ü ¼P-ZÛh-¾-iP-zhïm-‚Å-¤-‚ãP-
Administration
23
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
2ü GhÝP-zÅ-môm-qºÛü
lj¤-qºÛ-±ô¼-zü 2ü iP-zhïm-¤-»Ûm-qº¤-FۤźG¾-HÛ-‚-GŸG-GÛÅ-AïmqºÛ-hô-wôG-‚ãP-zºÛ-ŸÝ-ºzôhü
agitation
1ü ¸ÛP-ÇôÀP.ü 2ü Ç+ݾ-ÇôÀP.ü
1ü ½‰ôG-¸ÛP-ÇôÀP-zºÛ-‚-GŸG-G¤½‰ôG-¸ÛP-GÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅü 2ü ¯ôh-GŸÛ¼-Hã¼-zºÛ-uÛ-±ôGÅŤ-Vz-ÆÛh-ˆÛ-Gmh-hôm-fh¤P-±ôGÅ-¾-Ç+ݾ-ÇÀôP-‚ïhfzÅü
agitator
¸ÛP-ÇÀôP-‚ïh-qôü ¸ÛP-ÇÀôP-¤Dmü
uÛ-±ôGÅ-mP-ÆÛh-hôm-HÛ-½‰ôG-i-¿e-zÞz¸ô-¤Dm-HÛ-GP-¸G
agrarian
Åô-m¤-ŸÛP-¾Å-ˆÛü
Åô-m¤-ŸÛP-¾Å-Ť-IôP-GÅïz-ˆÛGmh-hôm-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛü
agreement
IôÅ-¤fÞmü ¤fÞm-IôÅü
M¾-Dz-z¤-GP-¸G-wm-±ßm-Gmhhôm-GP-¼ÞP-fôG-GZÛÅ-¤ôÅ-ˆÛÅzŸG-qºÛ-Gm-Mü
agriculture
ŸÛP-¾Åü
Å-ŸÛP-ºhïzÅ-¾Å-ˆÛ-¾Å-;
aid
1ü ¼ôGÅ-Bô¼-‚ïh-qü 2ü ¼ôGÅ-Bô¼ü
1ü GŸm-¾-¼ôGÅ-q-hP-Mz-Bô¼‚ïh-qü 2ü ¼ôGÅ-¼¤-hP-Mz-Bô¼ü
air base
Gm¤-h¤G-¿eï-GmÅü
Gm¤-h¤G-GÛ-Gm¤-Iâ-ºzz-fPhP.ü h¤G-ǼK -Í-¤ü
Administration
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
24
air force
Gm¤-h¤G ¤Dº-h¤G
Gm¤-Iâ-¾-zdïm-mÅ-h¤G-ºfz-‚ïhqºÛ-hqÞP-Çkïü
air hostess
Gm¤-ºIâ¾-Ÿ¾-b-¤ü
Gm¤-IâºÛ-mP-ºIâ¾-q¼-¤Iôm-zhG-GÛzÅÞ-z-ŸzÅ-bôG-Oæz-¤Dm-zÞh-¤ïhü
air mail
Gm¤-£G
Gm¤-fôG-GbP-MãºÛ-£G-»ÛG
aircraft
Gm¤-Iâ
m¤-¤D¼-ºwÞ¼-Bôh-fÞz-qºÛ-Iâ
alarm
1ü ºiôG-ºGô 2ü Zïm-zl-GbôP-zü
1ü Zïm-±zÅ-»ôh-q-ÁïÅ-dôGÅ-‚ãP-AïmHÛÅ-JÀô-zÞ¼-hÝ-‚ãP-zºÛ-ºWÛGÅ-ÇoP.ü 2ü Zïm-D-»ôP-GÛ-»ôh-qºÛ-zl-GbôP-zü
alcohol
VP-¼G
z¸Û-D-Tm-HÛ-zbàP-z-VP-hP-Í-¼G-GÛ¼ÛGÅü
alderman
Lm-qôü
IôP-Çïk-¿Ëm-±ôGÅ-GôP-¤ºÛ-±ôGÅ-¤-Û ŸGÛ
alertness
1ü zG-¸ômü 2ü OÛ¤-qôü
1ü hô-ÇPo -G¸z-mm-¤Þ-¤fÞh-vôh-qºÛ-‚¼Û¤ü 2ü G¸z-mm-HÛÅ-ÇôK-mÅ-hô-ÇPo -vôh-qü
alias
¤ÛP-GŸmü
Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-¼P-GÛ-hPôÅ-¤ÛP-GÛ±z-bà-zïh-uh-qºÛ-¤ÛP-GŸm-ŸÛG
alien
1ü »Þ¾-Çôkh-xÛ-¤Ûü 2ü xÛ-M¾-HÛü
1ü ¼P-ZÛh-GmÅ-Çkôh-‚-»Þ¾-hï-GºÛ-¤ÛÅï¼-¤-»Ûm-qºÛ-Bï-zôü 2ü »Þ¾-¾ÞP-GŸm-HÛü
Administration
25
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
alienable
zhG-hzP-ºwô-¾ïm-¼ÞP-zºÛü
zhG-hzP-GŸm-¾-ºwô-¾ïm-‚-ºôÅqºÛü
alienation
1ü ¼ÛG-º±ô-¤-¸Ûm-qü ºxô-zü 2ü D-H¼-zü
1ü Åï¤Å-ºVô¾-z-¿e-zÞºÛ-Åï¤Åº±ô-¤-¸Ûm-qºÛ-GmÅ-Ç+zÅü 2ü IôGÅ-ºiÛÅ-¤Û-‚ïh-q¼-¾ôGÅÅÞ-h‚ï-zºÛ-‚-GŸG
alignment
1ü xôGÅ-OÛ¾ü 2ü ljô¤-OÛG
1ü Çkï-DG-ÁôG-OÛ¾-¾¤-Gô-¼Û¤OÛG-ÇePÅü 2ü ¿Ëà-¾G-ÅôGÅ-fh-;¼-OÛGÇePÅü
allegation
1ü ZïÅ-º²âGÅü 2ü ljôm-º²âGÅü
1ü Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-¾-z®ßGÅ-qºÛ¾ÞGÅ-¤fÞm-Bôm-º²âGÅü 2ü zhïm-q-hG-Bï¾-‚-MãºÛ-IOÛG-»ôh-qºÛ-Gmh-hôm-ŸÛGDÅ-¾ïm-qº¤-¤Û-¾ïm-qºÛzXôh-qü
alleged
1ü zOGÅ-qºÛü 2ü hôGÅ-GŸÛ-Tmü
1ü »Ûm-q¼-DÅ-ºVï-»P-DÞPÅBï¾-¼-vôh-¤-fÞz-qºÛü 2ü Gmh-hôm-hôGÅ-GŸÛ-Tmü
allegiance
Á-Ÿïmü
ºzPÅ-¤Û-Åï¼-n¤Å-ˆÛÅ-Åô-ÅôºÛM¾-Dz-¾-zTPÅ-qºÛ-hGº-ŸïmhP-¾-Mü
alliance
1ü xôGÅ-OÛ¾ü 2ü ¤mº-ºƒï¾ü
1ü wm-±ßm-¤fÞm-xô‡-zOÛ¾-qº¤xôGÅ-zOÛ¾-zºÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅü
Administration
26
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
2ü h¤ÛGÅ-»Þ¾-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛG-zOæzVïh-¤Û-Çkﺤ-M¾-Dz-wm-±ßmhz¼-¤Z¤-¤fÞm-‚-Mã¼-zŸG-qºÛ¾ÞGÅ-¤fÞm-HÛ-¤fÞm-IôÅü allied
1ü ¤fÞm-xôGÅ-ˆÛü 1ü ¤fÞm-±ôGÅ-ÅÞ-ŸÝGÅ-qº¤-xôGÅ2ü IôÅ-¤fÞm-HÛÅ-£ï¾-zºÛü GbôGÅ-ÅÞ-£ï¾-zºÛü 2ü VÛPÅ-»ÛG-G¤-¤fÞm-IôÅ-ˆÛÅ£ï¾-zºÛü
allocation
1ü ¸Þ¼-zThü 1ü hGôÅ-hôm-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛG-GÛ-Vïh-hÝ2ü zGô-zÁºü zGô-ºIï¤Åü h¤ÛGÅ-bï-¸¼Þ -ºWôG-‚Å-qºÛ-fôz-Vü 2ü V-zGôÅ-Ť-zGô-ºIï¤Å-ˆÛ-‚GŸG
allottee
zGô-»Þ¾ü
‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-zGô-ºIï¤Å-‚Å-qºÛV-ÁÅ-fôz-¤Dm-HÛ-GP-¸G
allow
1ü ‚ïh-hÝ-ºWâG-qü 2ü GmP-z-vôh-qü
1ü ‚-GŸG-GP-ŸÛG-¾-ºG¾-¹º¤ºGôG-Çkô¤-¤Û-‚ïh-qü 2ü z;º-ºFô¾-GmP-zü
allowable
VôG-qºÛü
PôÅ-¾ïm-‚ïh-ºôÅ-qº¤-VôG-¤Vm-vôh¼ÞP-ü
alteration
1ü ºHã¼-¿ôkG 2ü z¸ô-zTôÅü 3ü zTôÅ-zNå¼ü
1ü ‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-GmÅ-Çz+ ÅGTÛG-mÅ-GŸm-hÝ-ºwô-zºÛ-Ç+zňÛ-‚ãP-zü 2ü Hôm-VÅ-ˆÛ-V-±h-¿-e zÞ-zNå¼-zTôÅGbôP-zºÛ-‚-GŸG
Administration
27
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
3ü zB¼-zTôÅ-Ť-zNå¼-zTôÅGbôP-±ß¾ü altercation
D-º²ÛP.ü D-ºFâG
wm-±ßm-Gb¤-Pm-Áôh-¼ïÅ-ˆÛ-¯ôhJÀïP.ü
alternate
1ü ¼ïÅ-¤ôÅ-‚ïh-qü 2ü ¼ïÅ-¤ôÅ-ˆÛÅ-‚ãP-zü 3ü zXï-¾ïm-‚ïh-qü
1ü ‚-z-GP-ŸGÛ -zXï-¼ïÅ-ˆÅÛ -‚ïh-qü 2ü zXï-¾ïm-HÛ-ÇôK-mÅ-‚ãP-zü 3ü ¾Å-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-hôm-Gô-±P-zOæz-ÇÀh-GmÅ-Ç+zÅ-¼ÛP-Bï-zôGTÛG-GÛ-Gô-ż-GŸm-¼ïÅ-¤ôÅÅÞ-ºWôG-qü
alternative
1ü ¼ïÅ-¤ôÅ-ˆÛü 2ü Gh¤-;
1ü Gh¤-;-hP-¼ïÅ-¤ôÅ-ˆÛü 2ü hPôÅ-qô-GZÛÅ-Ť-hÝ-¤ºÛ-FôhˆÛ-Gh¤-;
alternatively
¼ïÅ-¤ôÅ-‚Å-bïü Çtï¾-¤¼ü
GTÛG-GÛ-Gô-ż-GTÛG-ºWôG-qº¤hïºÛ-±z-bàü
amalgamate
1ü hPÞ¾-Vß-hP-Æï-¢ô¼-‚ïh-qü 1ü ¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-GŸm-hP-hPÞ¾-VߤZ¤-zÆïÅ-‚ïh-qü 2ü ¤Z¤-hÝ-¢ô¼-zü 2ü GôP-zÞ-V-±P-z-GTÛG-Iâz-qºÛVïh-hÝ-¹-OÛ¾-zü
amalgamation
¤Û-¼ÛGÅ-¤Z¤-ºiïÅü
¼ÛGÅ-¼ÞÅ-wm-±ßm-ºiï-±ß¾ü
amateur
hP-Ÿïm-qü
1ü Nå-¯¾-hP.ü ±m-¯¾ü ¯ïh¼ÛGÅ-ÅôGÅ-¾-hGº-Ÿïm-HÛźWâG-qºÛ-GP-¸G
Administration
28
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
2ü hÝÅ-±ôh-ºhº-‚ïh-hÝ-ÇÀôz-¢ôP-P¤¯ïh-¼GÛ Å-ÅôGÅ-¾-ºWâG-qºÛ-Bï-zôü ambiguous
1ü Gô-hôm-¤P-zºÛü 2ü Gž-D-¤ïh-qºÛü
1ü Gô-hôm-GZÛÅ-Ť-GZÛÅ-¾Å-¤P-z»ôh-ÆÛh-qºÛü 2ü zXôh-hôm-D-Gž-¤ïh-qºÛü
amend
1ü ¾ïGÅ-zTôÅ-‚ïh-qü 2ü zB¼-zTôÅ-‚ïh-qü
1ü »¼-MÅ-Ť-Wï-¾ïGÅ-ˆÛ-ºHã¼-zGbôP-zü 2ü FÛ¤Å-z¸ôºÛ-Gmh-hôm-¿-e zÞ¼-ÇôomºyÛ-Çtô¼-GTôG-zHÛÅ-bï-zNå¼zTôÅ-GbôP-zü
amenity
1ü »Ûh-hÝ-ºôP-zºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü 1ü „Àô-¾-ºfh-qº¤-ÇPo -z-ºIô-zôºÛ2ü ¤fÞm-Aïmü Eh-VôÅü 2ü xÛ-hPôÅ-qôºÛ-zhï-z¼-IôGÅ-‚ïhqºÛ-V-Aïmü
amicable
¤²º-¤fÞm-HÛü
¤fÞm-ºƒï¾-hP-IôGÅ-ºiÛÅ-ˆÛ-Eh-VôÅ¿km-qºÛü
ammunition
1ü µÅ-¤hï¾ü 2ü ¤±ôm-Vü
1ü ¤ï-¤hº-hP-¤ï-NôGÅ-ˆÛÅ-ºwïmMãºÛ-¤hïºÞü 2ü ¤Û-ºzô¼-Vïm-qô-Çïkz-GÅôh-‚ïh-q¼¤±ôm-V-¿e-zÞ-zïh-uôh-GbP-MãºÛlݾ-ym-hP.ü µÅ-ºHã¼ü BïhPôÅ-y-¤ôºÛ-µÅ-¼ÛGÅü
amnesty
1ü ZïÅ-»P-hÝÅ-»Þmü 2ü ZïÅ-Vh-VG-»P.ü
1ü FÛ¤Å-ºG¾-z-n¤Å-¾-ZïÅ-VhVG-»P-GbôP-zºÛ-hÝÅ-±ôhü
Administration
29
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
2ü Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-¾ÞGÅ-¤fÞm-HÛÇKô-mÅ-ZïÅ-q-GÝ-»P-GbôP-zºÛ‚-GŸG amount
Eôm-ºzô¼ü ºzô¼ü
IPÅ-¤P-ZPÝ -P¤-Eôm-Vï-VPß -G-Û ±hü
amplifier
Çtô¼-‚ïhü
JÀôG-ÁÝGÅ-¾-zdïm-qºÛ-zl-¾m-HÛmÝÅ-ÁÝGÅ-Çtô¼-‚ïh-ˆÛ-JÀôG-GÛ-»ô-‚hü
amplitude
1ü ºzï¾-¿ËàG-¿ËàG 2ü ºzï¾-qôü
1ü ºzï¾-qôºÛ-GmÅ-ÇPe Å-Ť-¼PzŸÛmü 2ü hGôÅ-¤Dô-¾Å-¤P-zºÛ-ºzô¼ü
amputation
»m-¾G-GTôh-ºƒïG
h¤ÛGÅ-zž-GÁG-zTôÅ-¾-zdïmmÅ-¾ÞÅ-ˆÛ-@P-¾G-»ôPÅ-µôGÅŤ-V-ÁÅ-GTôh-ºƒïG-‚ïh-±ß¾ü
analogous
1ü V-®¤-ºi-zºÛü 2ü ‚ïh-¾Å-®¤-ºi-zºÛü
1ü Gmh-hôm-ºGº-¼ï-ºi-¤±ßPÅ»Ûm-qºÛü 2ü º‚ãP-DÞPÅ-hP-Oô¤-GŸÛ-¤Û¤±ßPÅ-ˆP-‚ïh-¾Å-¤±ßPÅ-qü
analyse
1ü h‚ï-ŸÛz-‚ïh-qü hrh-ŸÛz-‚ïh-qü 2ü V-Åô-Åô¼-º‚ïh-qü
1ü ÁïÅ-dôGÅ-ŸÛz-y-»ôP-ÇhÀ -ŸÛzºWâG-G¤-hrh-ŸÛz-‚ïh-qü 2ü Iâz-VºÛ-µÅ-Ť-G¾-VïºÛ-VÁÅ-Åô-Åô¼-h‚ï-zü
ancestor
1ü ¤ïÅ-qôü 2ü w-¤ïÅü
1ü w-GŸÛÅ-¿-e zÞ-GP-mÅ-¾ïm-źÛGP-¸G 2ü ¼P-ZÛh-ˆÛ-¼ÛGÅ-Mãh-DÞPÅ-
Administration
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
30
ºhïh-‚ïh-źÛ-GP-¸G anchorage
1ü zdôh-Åü 2ü dôh-JüÀ
1ü M-¤±ôºÛ-¤f¼-Iâ-G¸ÛPÅ-ºhôGÅźÛ-GmÅü 2ü Iâ-G¸ÛPÅ-dôh-GmÅ-ÅÞ-zbGÅqºÛ-JÀ-ºzzü
ancillary
1ü ¾G-G»ôG 2ü GÁ¤-ºôG
1ü ¾Å-;¼-¼ôGÅ-‚ïh-¤Dmü 2ü GmÅ-¼Û¤-ºôG-¤ü
animal
ÇKô-xãGÅ-GÅô-BôP.ü
d-¾ÞG-¾-ÅôGÅ-qºÛ-ÇKô-xãGÅ-Åï¤ÅTm-n¤Å-Bï-Çtï¾-‚ïh-qü
animosity
1ü ºDôm-Åï¤Åü 2ü ÇkP-Åï¤Åü
1ü ÇkP-¸ÞG-iG-qô-º‚ãP-GŸÛºÛ-Åï¤Å±ô¼ü 2ü ÇkP-Åï¤Å-ˆÛ-±ô¼-zº¤-‚-uôhü
animus
1ü ºDôm-º²Ûmü 2ü ÇkP-º²Ûmü
1ü ºDôm-qºÛ-Åï¤Å-±ô¼ü 2ü Ÿï-ÇPk -iG-qôºÛ-„ôÀü
annexe
GŸôGÅ-DP.ü zÞ-DP.ü
¤-DP-ŸÛG-M-Bïh-GbôP-zºÛ-Vïh-hÝ-MzqºÛ-DP-qü
annihilation
1ü ¯-Gbô¼ü 2ü ¯-ÇôePÅü
1ü ¯-¤ïh-GbôP-±ß¾-HÛ-zMãh-¼Û¤¤¤-‚-GŸG 2ü GP-ŸÛG-¯-Gbô¼-zbP-zºÛ-ÇôKmÅ-zTô¤-qü
anniversary
¾ô-ºDô¼-hÝÅ-imü
‚-GŸG-GP-ŸÛG-¾ô-¼ï-ºDô¼-zºÛ-hÝŤ±¤Åü
husbandry
Administration
31
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
annotation
¤Vm-ºIï¾ü
ºIï¾-zÁh-hP-¸¼Þ -¤Vm-ºGôh-±¾ß ü
announcement
Gž-zOGÅü
GmÅ-hôm-ŸÛG-ÁïÅ-dôGÅ-Vïh-Çtï¾zºÛ-zl-Ezü
announcer
1ü Gž-zOGÅ-qü 2ü ¾Å-¼Û¤-Pô-vôh-qü
1ü GmÅ-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-Ez-zOGÅ‚ïh-¤Dmü 2ü ½ÀâP-ºyÛm-hP.ü ±ôGÅ-ºhÝÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-‚ïh-ÇKô-Pô-vôh-‚ïh-¤Ûü
annoyance
ÅÞm-G®ï¼ü
Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-¾-ÅÞm-qôº¤-½‰ôG-iz¸ô-zºÛ-‚-GŸG
annual account
¾ô-ºDô¼-¯ÛÅ-Fü
¾ô-GTÛG-GÛ-‚ãP-ÅôP-¯ÛÅ-Fü
annual
¾ô-ºDô¼-º²Ûm-BôP-ljm-fôü
º²Ûm-BôP-¾Å-hôm-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-¾ôGTÛG-GÛ-ljm-fôü
administrative report annual financial statement
¾ô-ºDô¼-hPÞ¾-¯ÛÅ-ˆÛ-¯ÛÅ-ÁôG ¾ô-¼ïºÛ-hPÞ¾-¯ÛÅ-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-ˆÛ¯ÛÅ-ÁôG
annual report
¾ô-ºDô¼-ljm-fôü
hÝÅ-»Þm-¾ô-GTÛG-GÛ-¾Å-hôm-GP»P-¼ÞP-zºÛ-ljm-fôü
annual review
¾ô-ºDô¼-zB¼-ŸÛzü
¾ô-GTÛG-GÛ-¾Å-hôm-GP-¼ÞP-hPºƒï¾-zºÛ-zB¼-ŸÛzü
annuity
1ü ¾ô-ºzzü 2ü ¾ô-¼ïºÛ-¾ôG-ºzzü
1ü ¾ô-GTÛG-GÛ-xôGÅ-zÇkô¤ÅwôGÅ-Ť-»ôP-ºzzü
Administration
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
32
2ü ¤-º²âGÅ-GP-ŸÛG-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛBïh-;-fï-zºÛ-¾ô-¼ïºÛ-hPÞ¾-ºzzü annul
mÝÅ-¤ïh-z¸ô-zü
anomaly
1ü uÛ-hP-¤Û-Çô‰¤Å-qü 1ü uÛ-Çô‰¤Å-Ť-±h-GŸÛ-hP-ºG¾2ü ;Ým-hP-¤Û-ºi-zºÛ-GP-¸G zºÛ-Vü 2ü uÛ¼-zbP-hP-¤Û-ºi-zºÛ-GP-¸G
anonymous
1ü ¤ÛP-¤ïh-qºÛü 2ü ¤ÛP-¬ôÅ-¤ïh-qºÛü
1ü ¤ÛP-¤ïh-qºÛü 2ü ÅÞ-»Ûm-¤ÛP-¬ôÅ-¤ïh-qºÛ-GP-¸GŸÛG-mÅü
answer book
¾m-hïzü
iÛ-¾m-ºƒÛ-źÛ-hïzü
answer sheet
¾m-ÁôG
iÛ-¾m-ºƒÛ-źÛ-ÁôG-zÞü
answerability
1ü ºGm-ºDÞ¼ü 1ü ¾Å-hôm-HÛ-ºGm-hzP-»ôh-qºÛ2ü ¾m-ºGm-»ôh-qºÛ-GmÅPP-±ß¾ü ÇePÅü 2ü ¾m-ºhïzÅ-ˆÛ-ºGm-ºFÛ-»ôh-qºÛGmÅ-ÇePÅü
answering
¾m-ºhïzÅ-ºyâ¾-VÅü
D-q¼-zMãh-mÅ-O-wz-hP-zl-¾m-vôh‚ïh-ˆÛ-ºyâ¾-VÅü
antagonist
D-Gbh-qü
GŸm-hP-ºIm-Çkݼ-¼¤-D-Gbh-‚ïh¤Dm-HÛ-GP-¸G
antecedent
ÇS-GmÅ-ˆÛü
‚-hPôÅ-GP-»P-¼ÞP-zºÛ-ÇSôm-hÝ-‚ãPzº¤-ºIô-zºÛü
machine
FÛ¤Å-fôG-mÅ-¯ÛÅ-¤ïh-z¸ô-zü
Administration
33
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
antedated
¹-±ïÅ-ÇS-ºGôh-‚Å-qºÛü
hPôÅ-ÅÞ-º‚ãP-MãºÛ-±ïÅ-IPÅ-¾ÅÇS-z¼-z;ôh-qºÛü
antedated cheque
¹-±ïÅ-ÇS-ºGôh-‚Å-qºÛ-TïGº²Ûmü
±ïÅ-IPÅ-ÇS-ºGôh-‚Å-qºÛ-TïGº²Ûmü
anticipated
ÇSôm-hqG-ºIô-Iômü
¼ôz-¯ÛÅ-±ôh-hqG-GÛ-ºIô-ÅôP.ü
anticipated income
ÇSôm-hqG-»ôP-ºzzü
¼ôz-¯ÛÅ-±ôh-hqG-GÛ-»ôP-ÇKôü
anticipated profit
ÇSôm-hqG-Dï-ºzzü
¼ôz-¯ÛÅ-±ôh-hqG-GÛ-Dï-z¸P.ü
anticipated saving
ÇSôm-hqG-GÅôG-ºWôG
¼ôz-¯ÛÅ-±ôh-hqG-GÛ-GÅôG-ºWôG
anticipation
1ü ¼ï-ºhÝmü 2ü ÇSôm-hqG
1ü ¼ï-z-zMz-qº¤-±ôh-hqG-‚ÅqºÛ-PP-±ß¾ü 2ü Mã-¤±m-ÅôGÅ-¾-zdïm-qºÛÇSôm-±ßh-ˆÛ-±ôh-hqG
antique
Gmº-zôºÛü Gmº-¼zÅ-ˆÛü
Gmº-zôºÛ-hÝÅ-mÅ-‚ãP-zº¤-hï-hPºƒï¾-zºÛü
antiquity
1ü ÇS-¼zÅü 2ü ½‰ÛP-Z¤Åü
1ü Gmº-hÝÅ-bïü h¤ÛGÅ-zžhÝ-hÝÅ-¼zÅ-z¼-¤ºÛ-ÇS-¼ô¾-hÝ‚ãP-zü 2ü Gmº-zôº¤-½Û‰P-qºÛ-Eh-VôÅü
apartheid
¤Û-¼ÛGÅ-h;¼-mG-h‚ï-º‚ïh(ˆÛ-ÆÛh-WâÅü)
¿Ëô-Íw-¼Û-;ºÛ-mP-¾G-zÇe¼-‚ÅqºÛ-¤Û-¼ÛGÅ-h;¼-mG-h‚ï-º‚ïh-ˆÛ-
expenditure
Administration
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
34
ÆÛh-WâÅü apathy
vô-ÇoP-Ÿm-qü
Gmh-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-¾-hô-ÇoP-hP-Åï¤Å±ô¼-¤ïh-qü
apex
1ü »P-¯ïü 2ü ¤f¼-fÞG
1ü ‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-GmÅ-¤fô-ÁôÅü 2ü Gb¤-zXôh-¿e-zÞºÛ-¤fô-½ÀzÅ-ˆÛ-¯ï¤ôü
apology
z¸ôh-GÅô¾ü hGôPÅ-Åï¾ü
wôG-fÞG-G¤-mô¼-ºFâ¾-‚ãP-¼ÛGÅ-¾ºHôh-Åï¤Å-Ť-hGôPÅ-hG-fÞGÅzhïm-ŸÝ-±ß¾ü
apparatus
»ô-‚hü ¤Dô-VÅü
‚ïh-ÇKô-PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛG-zOæz-ÇÀh-hÝ-z;ô¾MãºÛ-Vïh-z¸ôÅ-qºÛ-hPôÅ-VÅü
apparent
1ü n¤-q¼-Gž-zºÛü 2ü ¤Pôm-ÅÞ¤-HÛü
1ü »Ûh-hP-hzP-qô¼-Gž-qô-ºV¼-zºÛü 2ü zhïm-qº¤-¤Pôm-ÅÞ¤-hÝ-ÇPo -zºÛü
appeal
1ü ŸÝ-ºzôh-‚ïh-qü 2ü GôP-ŸÝ-‚ïh-qü
1ü Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-¾-¼ôGÅ-Bô¼-Vïh-²iG-ºzôh-Ç+ݾ-‚ïh-qü 2ü FÛ¤Å-DP-ºôG-¤-ŸÛG-mÅ-fGzTh-¸Ûm-qºÛ-D-¤Vß-ŸÛG-FÛ¤Å-ÅGôP-¤¼-zB¼-hÝ-ŸÝ-GbàG-‚ïh-qü
appearance
1ü xÛ-±ß¾ü 2ü ÇoP-±ß¾ü
1ü hPôÅ-qôº¤-Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛxÛºÛÇoP-±ß¾ü 2ü hPôÅ-qô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-ÇPo -±ß¾-¾¤ºV¼-±ß¾ü
Administration
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º²Ûm-BôP-ü
appeasement
1ü Pô-ÆâP.ü 2ü ŸÛ-fzÅ-Pô-ÆâP.ü
1ü ºhôh-„ôÀ-Çô+P-fzÅ-ˆÛ-‚-GŸG 2ü wm-±ßm-ŸÛ-¤fÞm-¿ËÛP-ºWGÅGmÅ-fzÅ-ÅÞ-hI-zôº¤-z®mÁïh-Tm-HÛ-¤Pôm-ºhôh-Ç+ôPfzÅ-ˆÛ-ÆÛh-‚ãÅü
append
D-Çôom-MG-qü Çoôm-qü
GP-ŸÛG-D-Çoôm-HÛ-±ß¾-hÝ-¢ô¼-zº¤¤fÞh-qü
appendix
1ü ¿Ëm-fzÅü 2ü Mã-¿ËG
1ü hïz-ˆÛ-¤WâG-bà-z;ôh-qºÛ-D-ÇôomHÛ-¯ô¤-OÛG-Mã-Vü 2ü Mã-¤-hP-¾ôP-G-GZÛÅ-ºƒï¾¤±¤Å-mÅ-¾ôGÅ-ÅÞ-m¼-zºÛ¸Å-Ç+ô¤-¤Û-Mã-zºÛ-Mã-¤-y-¾fÞP-z-ŸÛG
appliance
»ô-‚hü
¾Å-hôm-‚ï-ƒG-Oæz-Vïh-ˆÛ-ºyâ¾VÅ-Ť-»ô-VÅü
applicability
¢ô¼-¼ÞP-zºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü
¢ô¼-¼ÞP-zº¤-ºWâG-qôºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü
applicable
¢ô¼-¼ÞP-zºÛü ºWâG-qºÛü ¾G-zÇe¼-¼ÞP-zºÛü
¾G-zÇe¼-Vïh-uôh-fÞz-qºÛü
applicant
ljm-ŸÝ-ºzÞ¾-¤Ûü
¾Å-;-hPü Gô-GmÅü º²â¾ŸÝGÅ-‚-Mã-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-Vïh-hÝ-ljm-ŸÝºzÞ¾-¤Dm-HÛ-GP-¸G
application
ljm-ŸÝü
GôP-¼Û¤-hP-¾Å-GmÅ-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛVïh-hÝ-ºzÞ¾-MãºÛ-»Û-Gï
Administration application
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º²Ûm-BôP-ü
ljm-ŸÝºÛ-ºGïPÅ-ÁôG
ljm-ŸÝ-ºzÞ¾-MãºÛ-Gmh-hôm-ºGôh-źÛÁôG-¿Ëïü
appointee
zÇ+ôÅ-qºÛ-¤Ûü
¾Å-Çoﺤ-Gô-GmÅ-GP-ŸÛG-bà-zÇ+ôÅqºÛ-GP-¸G
appointment
1ü zÇ+ô-GŸG 2ü hÝÅ-¼ü
1ü ¾Å-Çoï-¿e-zÞ¼-zÇ+ô-º²âGÅü 2ü Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-hP-¤Z¤-hÝ-GmÅGP-hÝ-fÞG-ºyh-‚-MãºÛ-hÝÅ-z;Gz¸ô-zü
appointment
zÇ+ô-GŸG-»Û-Gï
¾Å-Çoï-¿e-zÞ¼-zÇ+ô-º²âGÅ-ˆÛ-»Û-Gï
apportionment
zGô-zÁºü
Ç+¾-zº¤-hݤ-zÞ¼-zGô-ºIï¤Å-‚ïh-±ß¾ü
appraisal
1ü ¼Ûm-fP-Gbm-ºzïzÅü 2ü dôG-ŸÛzü
1ü hPôÅ-qô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-GôP-±h-h¤¼Ûm-fP-Gbm-ºzïzÅü 2ü ¾ïGÅ-ZïÅ-¿-e z-Þ h‚ï-º‚ïh-ˆ-Û hrh-qü
appraise
1ü ¼Ûm-fP-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-‚ïh-qü 1ü ¼Ûm-fP-fG-GTôh-h¤-Gbm-ºzïzÅ2ü ±ôh-hqG-‚ïh-qü ‚ïh-qü 2ü Mã-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-¼Ûm-fP-P¤ÇtäÅ-;ü »P-m-Eôm-ºzô¼-±ôhhqG-‚ïh-qü
appraiser
¼Ûm-fP-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-‚ïh-qôü Å-DP-P¤-mP-ºiïm-hPôÅ-¸ôG ¤D¼¼Ûm-fP-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-‚ïh-¤Dmü hzP-¿e-zÞºÛ-T-hPôÅ-ˆÛ-¼Ûm-fP-GbmºzïzÅ-‚ïh-MãºÛ-hzP-±h-Tm-HÛ-Bï-zôü
form
letter
Administration
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º²Ûm-BôP-ü
apprehend
1ü º²Ûm-z¸ÞP-‚ïh-qü 2ü Gô-hôm-dôGÅ-qü
1ü FÛ¤Å-fôG-mÅ-º²Ûm-z¸ÞP-‚ïh-qü 2ü Gmh-hôm-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-Gô-hômÁïÅ-qü
apprehension
1ü º²Ûm-z¸ÞP.ü 2ü Gô-dôGÅü
1ü ZïÅ-Tm-¾-ÅôGÅ-q-º²Ûm-z¸ÞP‚ïh-±ß¾ü 2ü Gô-dôGÅ-¾ôm-qºÛ-Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛGGÛ-„ÀôºÛ-º²Ûm-ÇePÅü
approach
1ü Zï-z¼-zT¼-zü 2ü fzÅ-¾¤ü ºWâG-ÇôKü
1ü ºI¤-hÝ-Wï-Zï-Wï-Zï¼-ÇÀïzÅ-±ß¾ü 2ü GP-ŸGÛ -hP-Zï-ż-ºWâG-qºÛ-Çô-K hP.ü fzÅ-¾¤ü Gô-Çz+ ÅzTÅü
appropriate
1ü ºôÅ-qôü ºôÅ-ÁÛP-º±¤Å- 1ü hÝÅ-Çz+ Å-Ť-GmÅ-ÇPe Å-‚ïqºÛü ƒG-q-ŸÛG-Vïh-hÝ-¼m-qôº¤2ü ¸Þ¼-ºWôG-‚ïh-qü ºIÛG-qôü 2ü ¾Å-hôm-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸGÛ -G-Û Vïh-h-Ý zïh-uôh-‚-M¼ã -¸¼Þ -ºWôG-‚ïh-qü
approval
1ü z;º-ºFô¾ü 2ü VôG-¤Vmü ºFô¾-Vü
1ü GôP-¼Û¤-HÛÅ-GmP-z-vôh-±ß¾ü 2ü VôG-¤Vmü ¤ôÅ-¤fÞmü z;º-ºFô¾ü
approximate
1ü w¾-Vï¼ü 2ü Zï-z¼-ÇïÀzÅ-qü 3ü ±ôh-hqôG-qü
1ü È-¾¤-bG-bG 2ü GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-Zï-¾ôGÅ-hï-¤-fGbà-ÇÀïzÅ-qü 3ü Çtô¤-±ôh-h¤-¼ôz-¯ÛÅ-ˆÛÅ-fGGTôh-qü
Administration
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º²Ûm-BôP-ü
approximately
È-¾¤ü w¾-Vï¼ü
TßP-¸h-¤-GbôGÅ-xôGÅ-»ôPÅ-mÅ-ºizº¤-¤fÞm-q-¿e-zÞü
appurtenance
V-¾G-ºw¼-¤ü
mÝÅ-±h-GôP-ºwï¾-GbôP-‚ïh-ˆÛ-D-GÅzˆÛ-V-¾G
aptitude
1ü BïÅ-¯¾ü 1ü ÁïÅ-ÇeôzÅ-Vï-z-¿e-zÞ-BïÅ-ÇeôzÅ-ˆÛ2ü ºWâG-q-¥ã¼-qü „Àô-nô-zü ¯¾-»ôh-qºÛ-mÝÅ-qü 3ü mÝÅ-qü ºWôm-fP.ü 2ü ¼ÛG-qºÛ-GmÅ-GP-ŸÛG-¾-¢ôP-zhP.ü Gô-dôGÅ-¥ã¼-zºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü 3ü ‚-z-GP-ŸÛG-‚ïh-fÞz-qºÛ-mÝÅÁÝGÅ-Ť-»ôm-bmü
aptitude test
BïÅ-¯¾-±ôh-¿eü
Bï-zô-ŸÛG-¾Å-;-hP.ü ÁïÅ-»ômü ¾G¯¾-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-¼ÛGÅ-WÛ-ºi-ŸÛG-¾-h¤Û‡zž-hÝ-¼m-¤Ûm-zdG-fzÅ-ˆÛ-±ôh-¿eü
arbitrary
¼P-ÇoP-GP-im-HÛü
FÛ¤Å-¤ïh-¾ÞGÅ-¤ïh-‚Å-q-Çïeü ¼PZÛh-ˆÛ-ºhôh-hôm-hP-zŤ-±ß¾-¾¤ºhÝm-q-Dô-m¼-GŸÛ-zTô¾-zºÛü
arbitrate
1ü z¼-ºhݤ-‚ïh-qü 2ü z¼-ºhݤ-q¼-vôh-qü
1ü xôGÅ-wm-±ßm-hz¼-HÛ-¤Û-¤fÞm-qn¤Å-ºhݤ-q¼-‚ïh-qü 2ü fG-GTôh-‚-MãºÛ-Vïh-hÝ-z¼-ºhݤq¼-¯ÛÅ-vôh-qü
arbitrator
z¼-ºhݤ-qü
¯ôh-hôm-fG-GTôh-‚-Mã¼-ºGm-hzP»ôh-qºÛ-GP-¸G
architecture
1ü DP-z¸ô-¼ÛG-qü
1ü DP-qºÛ-z¸ô-z;ôh-ˆÛ-¼ÛG-qº¤-
Administration
39
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
2ü DP-qºÛ-z¸ô-z;ôhü
Nå-¯¾ü 2ü DP-q-WÛ-¿¼e -z¸ô-zºÛ-ºIôÅŤ-z;ôh-qü
back out
D-hm-±ÛG-¾-¤Û-GmÅ-qü
DÅ-¾ïm-h¤-zTº-¾-¤Û-GmÅ-qü
back payments
vôh-Çkh-ºw¼-ºzzü
¾Å-¤Û-ŸÛG-¾-ÇS-Å-mÅ-JÀ-wôGźw¼-zºÛ-Mã-¤±m-HÛÅ-fôz-qºÛhPÞ¾-ºzzü
backdated
1ü ºhÅ-±ïÅ-z;ôh-qºÛü 2ü ºhÅ-±ïÅ-»¼-¾ôG-GÛ
1ü »ÛG-V-¿-e zÞ-ºhÅ-qºÛ-±ïÅIPÅ-Pô-¤-¾Å-ÇS-zºÛ-±ïÅIPÅ-z;ôh-qü 2ü hÝÅ-±ïÅ-ÇôSm-¤-ŸÛG-mÅ-¯º²Ûm-HÛÅ-Çt¼-V-‚-Mãü (h¤ÛGÅ-zž-J-À wôGÅ-¿-e zÞü)
background
Mz-¿YôPÅü
1ü q¼-hP-¼Û-¤ô-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-Mz-ˆÛ»Þ¾-¿YôPÅ-Ť-z;ôh-qü 2ü GP-¸G-TÛG-GÛ-¾Å-;ºÛ-¢ôPzl¼-hP.ü ÁïÅ-»ômü Z¤Å¥ôP- ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-¾ô-MãÅü
background paper
1ü Mz-¿ôYPÅ-Gž-zOGÅü 1ü GŸÝP-ŸzÅ-q-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-Gż2ü Mz-¿ôYPÅ-Gż-ºyÛmü ºGôh-q¼-GŸÝP-GÛ-ÆÛh-‚ãÅŤ- ¾Å-hôm-ŸÛG-GÛ-Mz-¿YôPÅŸÛz-y-Gž-zÁh-‚ïh-źÛGż-ºGôh-¿Ëm-±ôGÅ-ŤzT¼-ºiÛü 2ü GŸÝP-GÛ-ÆÛh-‚ãÅ-Ť-‚ïh-ÇKôºÛ-
(backgrounder)
Administration
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
40
Mz-¿YôPÅ-Ç+ô¼-ŸÛz-y-Gž-zÁh‚ïh-qºÛ-GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-Gż-ºyÛmm¤-Gż-ÁôG backhander
¯Ûz-lôü
¿+ôG-Qm-HÛ-w¾-Ç+hü
backlog
1ü Mz-ÁÛP.ü iôh-ÆâP.ü 2ü ¾Å-ºyôü 3ü Vïh-Z¼ü
1ü ¤ï-iôh-¤Û-fô¼-zºÛ-Vïh-fz-ˆÛ-Mz¾ôGÅ-ÅÞ-ºWôG-MãºÛ-ÁÛP-hݤ-Vïm-qôŸÛG 2ü ‚Å-¤-±¼-z¼-wÞP-GÅôG-fïzÅqºÛ-¾Å-;ü 3ü ‚ïh-ÇôK-h¤ÛGÅ-zž-ŸÛG-G¤-¤ºôPÅ-qºÛ-Vïh-hÝ-Z¼-±GÅ-‚ÅqºÛ-hPôÅ-qôü
backup
Mz-dïmü
1ü ¼ôGÅ-±z-bà-Z¼-zºÛ-GP-¸G-G¤hPôÅ-qôü 2ü ;¤-qÞ-‡¼-mP-GÛ-»ÛG-V-GP-¼ÞPŸÛG-GÛ-ºi-zÁÝÅ-;¤-qÞ-‡¼-hï-¾Å¾ôGÅ-ÅÞ-Z¼-±GÅ-‚Å-qºÛ-ºizÁÝÅü
backward class
XïÅ-¾ÞÅ-I¾-¼Û¤ü
uÛ-¤±ßPÅ-¿e¼-»¼-MÅ-ºIô-¤-fÞz-qºÛ¤Û-Çkïü
backward tribe
XïÅ-¾ÞÅ-±ô-qü
XïÅ-¾ÞÅ-fïzÅ-qºÛ-±ô-qü
bad conduct
uôh-Pmü
uôh-¾¤-¤Û-¾ïGÅ-qü
bad debt
zÞm-mG
xÛ¼-vôh-¤Û-fÞz-qº¤-ºhïh-DÞPÅ-¤ïh-
Administration
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
41
qºÛ-zÞ-¾ômü badge
1ü hqÞP-dGÅü 2ü dGÅ-¤ü
1ü ±ôGÅ-q-ŸÛG-GÛ-±ôGÅ-¤Ûº¤Gô-GmÅ-¤±ôm-Vïh-¾ÞÅ-ÇeïP-hÝGhGÅ-MãºÛ-¤±ôm-dGÅü 2ü GP-¸G-ŸÛG-¾-G¸ïPÅ-zÇeôhh¤-Vï-zÇeôh-ˆÛ-ÇÀh-hÝ-wÞ¾-zºÛ¤±ôm-dGÅü
baggage
Ç+Ý-VÅü hô-VÅü
ºIâ¾-zBôh-Ç+zÅ-ºEï¼-MãºÛ-T-¾G
bail
1ü Gbº-hPÞ¾ü 2ü DG-ºEG 3ü Gbº-hPÞ¾-HÛÅ-„â-À zü
1ü ZïÅ-º²âGÅ-‚Å-qºÛ-Bï-zô-GPŸÛG-FÛ¤Å-DP-hÝ-GbàG-zÁï¼Ç+zÅ-Pô-zT¼-¤-‚Å-±ï-ºGmDG-¾ïm-¤ÛÅ-FÛ¤Å-DP-hݺzÞ¾-Mã¼-DÅ-„ÀPÅ-qºÛ-hPÞ¾ºzzü 2ü ºGm-¾ïm-Gbº-hPÞ¾-ºzÞ¾MãºÛ-DÅ-¾ïm-‚ïh-qôü 3ü Gbº-hPÞ¾-zŸG-Çïe-JôÀhz=ô¾-GbôP-zº¤-Gbº-hPÞ¾HÛÅ-„Àâ-zü
bailiff
FÛ¤Å-¼ºÛ-hô-h¤-qü
FÛ¤Å-DP-GÛ-ºGm-ÆâP-¾Å-‚ïhü
bailment
1ü Gbº-hPÞ¾-ºzÞ¾-ºWôG 2ü zTô¾-ºWôG
1ü ZïÅ-º²âGÅ-‚Å-qºÛ-Bï-zô-ŸÛGGÛ-Vïh-hÝ-Gbº-hPÞ¾-ºzÞ¾±ß¾ü 2ü T-hPôÅ-Ť-D¼-hzP-¤Û- GŸm¾-zTô¾-ºWôG-‚-fzÅü
Administration
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º²Ûm-BôP-ü
balance
1ü ÆP.ü M-¤ü Z-G 2ü ;ü ‚ãP-ÅôP-D-ºfzü Dü ‚ãP-ÅôP-z¼-Ehü 3ü ¿ËG-ºyôü
1ü ¿YÛh-±h-ºW¾-‚ïh-ˆÛ-»ô-VÅü 2ü ;ü ¯ÛÅ-FºÛ-‚ãP-ÅôP-GZÛÅ-ˆÛ-hô¤Z¤-Çkô¤-ºzô¼ü Dü ¯ÛÅ-FºÛ-‚Pã -ÅôP-hz¼-H-Û Èï-zG 3ü Áݾ-hÝ-¾ÞÅ-qºÛ-¿ËG-¤ü
balance sheet
¯ÛÅ-FºÛ-D-ÁôG ¤fº-Çôk¤¯ÛÅ-ÁôG
±ôP-¾Å-Ť-¾Å-DÞPÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-¯ÛÅhÝÅ-PïÅ-Tm-HÛ-D¼-hzP-hP.ü ¤-¯ü zÞ-¾ôm-ÅôGÅ-D-Gž-z;ôh-qºÛ-¯ÛÅ-Fü
balance to trade
±ôP-ºƒï¾-z¼-Ehü
M¾-Dz-TÛG-GÛÅ-hÝÅ-»Þm-PïÅ-Tm-¼ÛPM¾-mP-fôm-Bïh-xÛ¼-º±ôP-‚Å-q-hï-hPxÛ-M¾-HÛ-±ôP-¸ôG-mP-ºiïm-‚Å-qGZÛÅ-ˆÛ-¼Ûm-fP-z¼-Ehü
balanced budget
hô-¤Z¤-ÇSôm-¯ÛÅü
hÝÅ-»Þm-PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛG-GÛ-ºIô-Iôm-hP»ôP-ºzz-V-¤Z¤-qºÛ-ÇSôm-¯ÛÅü
ballot
1ü ºôÅ-ÁôG 2ü (GÅP-zºÛ)ºôÅ-zÇkÝü
1ü ‚ï-ƒG-bà-GÅP-zºÛ-ºôÅ-ÁôG-ºwïmÇ+zÅ-ˆÛ-ºôÅ-zÇkݺÛ-ÁôG-¿Ëïü 2ü ‚ï-ƒG-bà-GÅP-zºÛ-ºôÅ-ÁôG-zÇkݾïm-‚ïh-ÇePÅü
ballot box
ºôÅ-ÇK¤ü
ºôÅ-zÇkݺÛ-Ç+zÅ-ºôÅ-ÁôG-¿kÝG-źÛÇK¤ü
ban
1ü z;G-Mü 2ü z;G-Çôk¤ü 3ü GmÅ-h‚ãP-ü
1ü ‚-GŸG-GP-ŸÛG-ºGôG-Çôk¤-‚ïhqºÛ-z;º-Mü 2ü ZïÅ-Vh-¿-e zÞÅ-¼P-GÛ-GmÅ-»Þ¾mÅ-fG-¼ÛP-hÝ-ºzÞh-qü
(trade balance)
Administration
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º²Ûm-BôP-ü
3ü ±ôGÅ-qº¤-BÛh-ÇÝkG-¿-e zÞ-mÅxÛ¼-ºzÞh-‚ïh-qü band
1ü ºVÛP-fG Çkï¤-fG 2ü ¼ô¾-VºÛ-¼Þ-DG
banishment
MP-ºzÞhü (»Þ¾-)uåGÅü Åô-ÅôºÛ-»Þ¾-mÅ-xÛ¼-ºzÞh-qº¤MP-ºzÞh-GbôP-zü
bank
1ü hPÞ¾-DP.ü 2ü PôGÅü Vß-ºI¤ü 3ü z;¼-ºWâG
1ü hPÞ¾-HÛ-±ôP-hôm-¾Å-DÞPÅÁÛG-Çeï-GP-hÝ-hPÞ¾-¾ô¼-zTô¾ºWôG-hP.ü ¤-hPÞ¾-º²âGÅqü zÞm-G»¼-GbôP-zü hPÞ¾¾ô¼-zXï-¾ïm-‚-»Þ¾ü 2ü ¤±ô-hP-¤±ïºÞ-º¤-G®P-qôºÛD-ºI¤-HÛ-Å-Mãh-PôGÅü 3ü GmÅ-±ß¾-²-iG-G¤-¤-ºôPÅqºÛ-hGôÅ-¤DôºÛ-Vïh-GÅôGºWôG-‚Å-qºÛ-Gm-¤²ôhü
bank account
hPÞ¾-DP-¯ÛÅ-Fü
¤Û-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-¼P-GÛ-hGôÅ-¤Dô-¿e¼hPÞ¾-ºhôm-ºWâG-‚ïh-VôG-qºÛhPÞ¾-DP-GÛ-¯ÛÅ-ºGô
bank balance
hPÞ¾-DP-¿ËG-zÇkhü
hÝÅ-PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛG-¾-hPÞ¾-DP-¯ÛÅFºÛ-mP-»ôh-zŸÛm-qºÛ-hPÞ¾-ºzô¼ü
bank book
hPÞ¾-DP-¾G-hïzü
hPÞ¾-DP-mÅ-hPÞ¾-zTô¾-¤Dm-¼ï-
1ü T-hPôÅ-¿-e zÞ-¤P-qô-¤Z¤-hÝÇkï¤-‚ïh-ˆÛ-OôG-fG-Æz-¤ôü 2ü ¼ô¾-V-¤Z¤-GbôP-‚ïh-¤DmHÛ-Çkï-DG
Administration
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º²Ûm-BôP-ü
¼ï¼-hïz-VßP-ŸÛG-GÛ-mP-¤Û-Åô-ÅôºÛ-hPÞ¾‚ãP-ÅôP-GÛ-¯ÛÅ-F-ºGôh-źÛ-hïz-VßP.ü bank credit
hPÞ¾-DP-zÞ-¾ômü
hPÞ¾-DP-ŸÛG-GÛ-mP-Gbº-¤-zŸG-XïÅhPÞ¾-DP-hï-mÅ-G»ô¼-¾ïm-VôG-qºÛhPÞ¾-ºzô¼-PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛG
bank draft
hPÞ¾-DP-^z-º²Ûmü
hPÞ¾-DP-GTÛG-mÅ-GTÛG-zMãh-fh¾ïm-‚-MãºÛ-hPÞ¾-º²Ûm-ŸÛG
bank guarantee
hPÞ¾-DP-ºGm-¾ïmü
zÞ-¾ôm-zbP-z-ŸÛG-¾-xÛÅ-ÅÞ-vôh-ºW¾¤-fÞz-±ï-hPÞ¾-DP-¾-ºW¾-vôh-‚ïhMãºÛ-ºGm-¾ïm-HÛ-Gm-Mü
bank holiday
hPÞ¾-DP-GÝP-ÅïP.ü
hPÞ¾-DP-GÛ-GŸÝP-hôm-GÝP-ÅïP-GÛ-ZÛm¤ôü
bank rate
hPÞ¾-DP-Bïh-fP.ü
M¾-Dz-TÛG-GÛ-hPÞ¾-DP-hzÞÅ-¤ÅM¾-mP-GÛ-M¾-»ôPÅ-hPÞ¾-DP-DG-¾hPÞ¾-zÞm-G»ô¼-zºÛ-Bïh-;ºÛ-ºzz-±hü
bank statement
hPÞ¾-DP-GÛ-¯ÛÅ-zXôhü
hPÞ¾-DP-ŸÛG-mÅ-hPÞ¾-DP-hïºÛ-mPhPÞ¾-zTô¾-¤Dm-¤Û-¼ï-Pô-¼ï¼-hÝÅÇ+zÅ-Åô-Åô¼-z¸ô-zºÛ-‚ãP-ÅôP-zÇkhGÅÞ¤-HÛ-¯ÛÅ-Fü
banker
hPÞ¾-DP-hô-h¤-qü hPÞ¾-DP-zhG-qôü
hPÞ¾-DP-ŸÛG-GÛ-zhG-qôº¤-ºGm-»ôhqºÛ-¾Å-Çoïü
banking
1ü hPÞ¾-DP-¾Å-hômü
1ü hPÞ¾-DP-GÛ-Dï-¾Å-hP-ºƒï¾-
Administration
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
45
2ü hPÞ¾-DP-GÛ-¾Å-;ü
zºÛ-¾Å-¼ÛGÅü 2ü hPÞ¾-DP-zhG-qôº¤-ºGmº²Ûm-HÛ-¾Å-;ü
banking company
hPÞ¾-DP-±ôP-Çkïü
hPÞ¾-zTô¾-ºWôG-hP-zÞm-GbôP-‚ïhqºÛ-Dï-¾Å-OÛG-º²âGÅ-ÁÛG
banking facilities
hPÞ¾-DP-GÛ-¤fÞm-Aïmü
hPÞ¾-DP-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-¾Å-¼ÛGňÛ-V-Aïmü
banking service
hPÞ¾-DP-ŸzÅ-ŸÝü
hPÞ¾-¾Å-¼ÛGÅ-ˆÛ-ÆÛ-ŸÝü
bankrupt
¤-¯-lÛz-qü
FÛ¤Å-fôG-mÅ-zÞ-¾ôm-G®P-ºW¾‚ïh-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛ-PôÅ-º²Ûmü
bankruptcy
¤-¯-lÛz-qºÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅü
Dï-¾Å-Ť-¤Û-ÇKï¼-q-GP-ŸÛG-GÛÅzÞ-¾ôm-G®P-ºW¾-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛ-GmÅÇePÅü
banner
1ü ºyïh-h¼ü 2ü ºGô-zXôh-Vïm-¤ôü
1ü ¤²ïÅ-z;ôh-h¤-Ez-zOGÅ-ˆÛ¼Å-GŸÛ-m¼-¤ôü 2ü ±GÅ-q¼-H-Û ºGô-zXôh-Vï-ŸPÛ ¼ÛP-zü
banquet
GÅô¾-Çeôm-MÅ-qü
1ü I-MÅ-ÁÛP-¸Å-¼ÛGÅ-Ç-o º²ô¤Å-Tm-HÛ-Çeôm-¤ôü 2ü GP-¸G-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛG-¾-Vï¤fôP-P¤-hÝÅ-±ÛGÅ-ÁÛG-GÛVïh-hÝ-zÁ¤Å-qºÛ-Çeôm-¤ôü
Administration
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
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bar
1ü 2ü 3ü 4ü
bar code
GÅP-fÛG
±ôP-¸ôG-GÛ-¼Ûm-ºzz-D-IPÅ-GTÛG-mÅhGÝ-z¼-¤±ôm-‚ïh-ˆÛ-fÛG-¼ÛÅ-y-Ç~ô¤-Ço±ôGÅ-¤Z¤-zÁÛzÅ-ÅÞ-z;ôh-qºÛ-GÅPdGÅü
bargain
1ü ±ôP-OÛG-qü 2ü Zô-¤Dm-HÛ-Dï-wmü
1ü hPôÅ-µÅ-Zô-±ôP-P¤-zXï-±ôP-Çz+ żÛm-GôP-Gb¤Å-qº¤-OÛG-qü 2ü hPôÅ-µÅ-Zô-¤Dm-ŸÛG-¾-fôz-qºÛDï-wmü
bargaining
¼Ûm-GôP-Gb¤Å-qü
Zô-±ôP-Ç+zÅ-ˆÛ-¼Ûm-q-Çtô¼-GTôG-GÛ-GôzÇkݼü
barrack
h¤G-¤ÛºÛ-Çkôh-DP.ü
h¤G-hqÞP-zTº-Çôhk -‚ïh-źÛ-DP-qü
barrage
1ü zTh-¼GÅü 2ü ¤±ôm-¼GÅü
1ü G®P-qô-ŸÛG-mÅ-ŸÛP-Vß-ºiïm-qhP.ü JÀôG-¤Dô-ºhôm-‚ïh-qü ;ô-z-w¼-±ß¼-ºIô-zBôh-zhï-zÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-Vïh-hÝ-ºyïh-zTh-hÝzMz-qºÛ-¼GÅü 2ü hI-xôGÅ-ÅÞ-¤hÝm-¤VôP-‚ïhÇ+zÅ-±ß¼-Lô¾-ºGôG-fzÅ-ÅÞ¤ï-NôGÅ-¿e-zÞ-¤±ôm-¤±¤Å-
VP-DP.ü z;G-ºGôG FÛ¤Å-¯ôh-qü FÛ¤Å-¼ü
1ü 2ü 3ü 4ü
VP-¼G-ºfÞP-źÛ-DP-qü z;G-Çkô¤-HÛ-‚-GŸG FÛ¤Å-¯hô -qºÛ-Eh-VÅô -±P-zºÛ-¤-Û Çüïk FÛ¤Å-DP-ŸÛG-GÛ-mP-Zm-ŸÛzÇ+zÅ-FÛ¤Å-hqôm-hP.ü Fۤůôh-q-zTÅ-ˆÛ-Çkôh-źÛ-¼-zü
Administration
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º²Ûm-BôP-ü
ºWôG-¤ïh-q¼-ºwïm-qºÛ-Lô¾fzÅ-ÁÛG barren
¼zÅ-Vhü
zÞ-yâG-¿e-zÞ-¼P-GÛ-Mãh-xÛ-¤-Bï-ÇtﾤÛ-fÞz-qü
barren land
Å-Lôhü
wm-fôGÅ-¿km-qºÛ-¯Û-ÁÛP-¤Û-Bï-zºÛÅ-V-f-Lôhü
barrier
1ü ºGG 2ü zTh-¤±¤Åü
1ü ¼-Ç+ô¼-¿e-zÞ-¤Û-hP-hÝh-ºIô-Åô‡w¼-±ß¼-ºIô-ºôP-ºGôG-‚ïhü 2ü Å-V-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-h‚ï-¤±¤Åü
barter
zXï-±ôP.ü
hPÞ¾-zïh-uôh-¤-zbP-z¼-±ôP-¸ôGG¤-ŸzÅ-ŸÝºÛ-¾Å-¼ÛGÅ-wm-±ßmzXï-¼ïÅ-ˆÛ-±ôP-¾Åü
base
¤-ÇK¼ü
OÛG-º²âGÅ-hP.ü ‚ïh-ÇôKü ¤fÞmAïm-¤Dô-vôh-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-¿eï-GmÅü
baseless
GŸÛ-¤ïhü
Mã-¤±m-hP-hPôÅ-»ôh-GmÅ-±ß¾HÛ-GŸÛ-¯-¤ïh-qü
basement
ºôG-DP.ü
DP-q-ŸÛG-GÛ-Å-PôÅ-¾Å-V-ÁÅ-ŤÉÛ¾-qô-h¤º-zºÛ-DP-qü
basic
©P-GŸÛºÛü GŸÛ-¯ºÛü
1ü ¤ïh-hÝ-¤Û-¼ÞP-qºÛ-©P-GŸÛºÛIâz-Vº¤-Pô-zôü 2ü basic training ¾-¿ôeÅü
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basic training
©P-GŸÛºÛ-¢ôP-zl¼ü
h¤G-¤Û-Gż-ŸÝGÅ-q¼-vôh-MãºÛ-GŸÛ¼Û¤-HÛ-¢ôP-zl¼ü
basis
GŸÛ-¯ü
¯-hôm-m¤-Mã-¤±m-¿e-zÞ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-ÇeïPhÝ-‚-hPôÅ-Vï-Gï-¤ô-GP-»P-©P-GŸÛºhÛP-Åü
batch
1ü Çkïz-z¸ôÅü 2ü ; ¤Dô-ºzô¼ü D fôm-ºzô¼ü 3ü Çkïü hݤ-zÞü
1ü hÝÅ-GTÛG-bà-¤Z¤-z¸ô-‚Å-qºÛzG-¾ïz-ˆÛ-IPÅ-ºzô¼ü 2ü ; ¾Å-fïPÅ-GTÛG-¾-hGôÅ-qºÛºzô¼ü D ¾Å-fïPÅ-GTÛG-GÛ-fôm-ºzô¼ü 3ü ¤Ûº¤-hPôÅ-qôºÛ-±ôGÅ-DG
batten
1ü ÆâzÅ-ÁÛP.ü 2ü qP-GT¾ü
1ü ÇKô-hP-HP-¯ÛG-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-qP-¾ïzhz¼-HÛ-ÆâzÅ-D-ºGïz-MãºÛ-ÁÛP¾ïz-Æz-qô-m¼-¤ô-ŸÛG 2ü DP-qºÛ-Ÿ¾-z¼-ºhÛP-MãºÛ-qP-¾ïzm¼-¤ôü
beauty spot
¿e-m-ÇkÝG-qºÛ-GmÅü
¤²ïÅ-ÁPÛ -»hÛ -h-Ý ºôP-z¼-º²Ûm-qºÛ-Å-Vü
bedding
1ü ¤¾-VÅü 2ü hÝh-ºIôºÛ-ºôG-Çme ü
1ü ÇeïP-hÝ-Hôm-MãºÛ-Z¾-VÅü 2ü ºWG-¯Ó-¿e-zÞ-hÝh-ºIô-Z¾-żºhÛP-MãºÛ-hPôÅ-¼ÛGÅü
bee keeping
£P-¤-GÅô-BôP.ü
£P-¯Û-fôm-Bïh-ˆ-Û Vïh-h-Ý £P-¤-GÅô-zü
before hand
ÇS-Å-mÅü
hÝÅ-Ť-hGôÅ-¤Dô-¾Å-ÇS-zü
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behaviour
uôh-¾¤ü
ºIô-ºhÝG-uôh-¾¤-GÅÞ¤-HÛ-GÁÛžÞGÅü
belief
»Ûh-VïÅü
fï-±ô¤-¤ïh-q¼-zhïm-q¼-º²Ûm-qºÛ„Àôü
bellhop / boy
¾G-hôü
¤Iôm-DP-ŸÛG-mÅ-Ç+Ý-¤Iôm-HÛ-hôVÅ-ºô¼-ºiïm-¿e-zÞºÛ-xG-¼ôGÅ-ŸÝ¤Dm-hÝ-JÀÅ-qºÛ-¾Å-¤Ûü
below par
±h-GŸÛ-¾Å-Ÿm-qºÛü
Mãm-¿km-m¤-hGôÅ-PïÅ-ˆÛ-±h-GŸÛ¾Å-h¤º-zºÛü
bench
1ü FÛ¤Å-hqôm-¿Ëm-±ôGÅü 2ü ¾Å-FÛü 3ü FÛ-ÁÛP-m¼-¤ôü
1ü FÛ¤Å-¾ÞGÅ-ÇPe Å-º²Ûm-‚ïh¤Dm-HÛ-ºhÝÅ-±ôGÅü 2ü ÁÛP-z¸ôº¤-ºyâ¾-¾Å-qºÛ-z¸ôÇeïGÅü 3ü ¤Û-GZÛÅ-Ť-hï-¾Å-¤P-zÇkôh-źÛ-@Ýz-ÇeïGÅ-¼ÛP-¤ôü
benchmark
±h-GŸÛü
‚-hPôÅ-ÁÛG-¾-±h-ºW¾-zº¤hrh-q-GbôP-Ç+zÅ-zïh-uôh-qºÛºW¾-GŸÛü
beneficial
Dï-wm-Tmü
wm-fôGÅ-»ôh-qºÛü
beneficiary
Dï-wm-fôz-¤Dmü
D-Vï¤Å-hP.ü Zïm-ÆâP-¿-e zÞ-mÅ-Mãmô¼-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-Dï-wm-fôz-¤Dmü
benefit
1ü Dï-wmü
1ü wm-fôGÅ-Ť-¤fÞm-qºÛ-Aïm-hÝ-
Administration
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º²Ûm-BôP-ü
2ü hGôÅ-hPÞ¾-ºhÝ-ºGôhü
ºHã¼-zºÛ-‚-hPôÅü 2ü ¤Û-ÇïK¼-ŸÛG-G¤-¾Å-hôm-ŸÛG-¾h¤ÛGÅ-qºÛ-hq¾-º‚ô¼-ºhÝ-ºGôhˆÛ-Vïh-GZï¼-¾Å-ºGݾü
benefit of doubt
hôGÅ-GŸÛºÛ-Dï-wmü
FÛ¤Å-fG-GTôh-Ç+zÅ-FÛ¤Å-ºG¾-HÛzhïm-hqP-V-¤-±P-zºÛ-hzP-GÛÅ-ZïŤïh-hÝ-¯Û-zü
benevolence
1ü wm-Åï¤Åü 2ü GŸm-wmü
1ü ¤Û-GŸm-¾-zhï-BÛh-Cæm-ºhôh-ˆÛzŤ-qü 2ü GŸm-¾-wm-q-Oæz-qºÛ-‚-zü
benevolent fund
GŸm-wm-fïzÅ-¯ü
GŸm-¾-wm-IôGÅ-ˆÛ-Vïh-hÝ-h¤ÛGÅqºÛ-fïzÅ-¯ü
bequeath
1ü Áݾ-º²Ûm-D-Vï¤Å-ºWôG-qü 1ü Áݾ-º²Ûm-zhG-fôz-ˆÛ-D-Vï¤ÅºWôG-qü 2ü zMãh-vôh-‚ïh-qü 2ü ‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-GTÛG-GÛÅ-GŸmŸÛG-¾-vôh-qü
bequest
Áݾ-µÅü Áݾ-zŸG
Áݾ-º²Ûm-zhG-fôz-ˆÛ-D-Vï¤Å-zŸGqºÛ-Mã-mô¼ü
bereaved
¥-Pm-HÛÅ-môm-qºÛü
¼P-GÛ-hGº-Zï-IôPÅ-qºÛ-¥-Pmü
betray
1ü mP-Gb¤-xÛ¼-Bï¾ü 2ü ÇÀâ-zü
1ü ¤Ûº¤-‚-hPôÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-Çô+¼-HÛ-¼PxôGÅ-ˆÛ-GmÅ-±ß¾-hI-zô¼-¤Dôvôh-‚ïh-qü 2ü ¼P-¾-»Ûh-VïÅ-„Àô-ºGï¾-‚ïh-
Administration
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º²Ûm-BôP-ü
¤Û¼-h¤-±ÛG-¾-M-¤-ÆâP-z¼Ÿïm-q-¾ôG-bà-ºWâG-qü betterment
»¼-MÅ-GôP-ºwï¾ü
»¼-MÅ-ˆ-Û xôGÅ-Å-Þ Bôh-qºÛ-ºHã¼-zü
beverage
zbàP-zü Ç+ô¤ü
Vß-¤-»Ûm-qºÛ-zbàP-zºÛ-¼ÛGÅü
bias
xôGÅ-¿ËàP.ü xôGÅ-¼ÛÅü
¯ôh-½‰ôG-fG-GTôh-ˆÛ-Gmh-hôm-hPºƒï¾-zºÛ-iP-zhïm-¤-»Ûm-qºÛ-¿e±ß¾ü
bibliography
hqï-fôü
¯ô¤-q-qô-ŸÛG-GÛ-z¯¤Å-VôÅ-ˆÛ-¤ÛPÅôGÅ-D-Gž-z;ôh-qºÛ-fôº¤-¯ô¤q-qô-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-z¯¤Å-VôÅ-GP-ŸÛGºƒÛ-Ç+zÅ-hïºÛ-mP-¾ÞP-ºiïm-‚ÅqºÛ-hqï-VºÛ-¤ÛP-ÅôGÅ-D-Gžz;ôh-qºÛ-fô-GŸÝP.ü
bicameral
IôÅ-±ôGÅ-¸ÞP-¿kmü
IôÅ-±ôGÅ-GôP-ºôG-GZÛÅ-¿km-HÛFÛ¤Å-z¸ô-¿Ëm-±ôGÅü
bid
¼Ûm-GôP-MG-qü
‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-¾-Gb¤Å-qºÛ-¼ÛmGôP-ü
biennial
¾ô-GZÛÅ-¼ïºÛü
¾ô-GZÛÅ-¼ïºÛ-mP-fïPÅ-¤-¼ï-º‚ãPzºÛ-‚ãP-zü
biennial report
¾ô-GZÛÅ-¼ïºÛ-ljm-fôü
¾ô-GZÛÅ-¼ïºÛ-mP-fïPÅ-¤-¼ï-º‚ãPzºÛ-ljm-fôü
Administration
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º²Ûm-BôP-ü
bifurcate
GZÛÅ-ÅÞ-h‚ï-zü
hݤ-zÞ-GZÛÅ-ÅÞ-zGô-zº¤-»m-¾GGZÛÅ-ÅÞ-HïÅ-qü
bigamy
z¸º-GÅÞ¤-mG-ZïÅü
Bï-zô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-¼P-GÛ-z¸º-¹-º±ôGmÅ-»ôh-zŸÛm-hÝ-FÛ¤Å-fôG-mÅ-D-¤HïÅ-q¼-¹-zô-GŸm-ŸÛG-z®¾-mÅ-GZïmOÛG-‚Å-qºÛ-mG-ZïÅü
bilateral
xôGÅ-GZÛÅ-ˆÛü
xôGÅ-GZÛÅ-ˆÛÅ-‚Å-qº¤-xôGÅGZÛÅ-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-‚-GŸG
bilingual
Ç+h-GZÛÅ-(ˆÛü)
Ç+h-GZÛÅ-hP-ºƒï¾-zº¤ü »P-m-Çh+ GZÛÅ-Ám-¢¼ü
bill
1ü fôz-º²Ûmü 2ü FÛ¤Å-ºV¼ü 3ü ¢¼-»ÛG zl-»ÛG
1ü T-hPôÅ-ˆÛ-¼Ûm-ºzz-z¤-¾Å-hôm-HÛn¤-IPÅ-ÅôGÅ-z;ôh-qºÛ-º²Ûm»ÛG 2ü FÛ¤Å-z¸ô-¿Ëm-DP-ŸÛG-¾-GbmºzïzÅ-Vïh-ºV¼-ºzÞ¾-‚Å-qºÛFÛ¤Å-»ÛG-¸Ûm-ƒÛÅü 3ü ‚ïh-ÇôK-GP-»P-¼ÞP-zºÛ-Çô+¼-GžzOGÅ-ˆÛ-¢¼-»ÛG
bill of entry
±ôP-F¾-fô-GŸÝP.ü
Áô-F¾-¾Å-DÞPÅ-ÅÞ-xÛ¼-±ôP-P¤ü »Pm-mP-ºiïm-Vïh-º‚ô¼-zºÛ-hPôÅ-¸ôG-fôGŸÝP.ü
bill of exchange
vôh-º²Ûm-Gm-»ÛG
uÛ¼-M¾-uÛºÛ-±ôP-ºƒï¾-Ç+zÅ-±ôGÅ-qGTÛG-GÛÅ-GŸm-ŸÛG-¾-hPÞ¾-ºzô¼PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛG-Bïh-;-¤ïh-q¼-ÇSôm-±ßh-
Administration
53
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
mÅ-fG-zTh-qºÛ-¹-±ïÅ-¾-vôh-MãºÛz;º-ÁôG bill of lading
hôÅ-º²Ûmü
hôÅ-¸ôG-hzô¼-ºiïm-qÅ-zhG-qô¼-vôhqºÛ-hPôÅ-¸ôG-G-Û n¤-IPÅ-hP.ü hzô¼-ºiïm-V-Aïm-Gž-zºÛ-»GÛ -Vü
bimonthly report
1ü ¹-xïh-Çm‰ -fôü 2ü ¹-GZÛÅ-Çm‰ -fôü
¹-¼ï¼-fïPÅ-GZÛÅ-¼ïº¤-¹-z-GZÛżïºÛ-¤±¤Å-ˆÛ-ljm-fôü
binder
1ü hïz-z¸ô-¤Dmü 2ü º²Ûm-Dïzü
1ü hqï-hïz-¿Ëà-OÛG-hP.ü Mz-ÁMG-¤Dmü 2ü ÁôG-zÞ-¿ËàG-¤-¤Z¤-hÝ-º²ÛmqºÛ-»ô-VÅ-Tm-HÛ-Mz-ÁôG
binding
1ü (hïz-ˆÛ-)Mz-Áü 2ü G»ô¾-fzÅ-¤ïh-qºÛü
1ü hqï-hïz-ˆÛ-Mz-¤hÝm-xÛ-Dïzü 2ü G»ô¾-hÝ-¤Û-¼ÞP-zºÛ-DÅ-¾ïmm¤-¾Å-ºGmü
bio data
¤Û-±ïºÛ-¾ô-MãÅ-ljÛP-zÇkÝÅü
GP-¸G-ÇïK¼-HÛ-Bï-±ïÅ-hP.ü Áïűh-Z¤Å-¥ôP-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-¾ô-MãÅ-ljÛPzÇkÝÅü
bipartite
ÁôG-DG-GZÛÅ-ˆÛü
V-ÁÅ-Ť-xôGÅ-DG-GZÛÅ-»ôh-qºÛü
bipartite
ÁôG-DG-GZÛÅ-ˆÛ-IôÅ-¤fÞmü
xôGÅ-DG-GZÛÅ-ˆÛÅ-fÞm-¤ôP-hÝzŸG-qºÛ-IôÅ-¤fÞmü
BïÅ-±ïÅ-¾G-ºEï¼ü
BïÅ-¾ô-BïÅ-±ïÅ-hP.ü Bï-»Þ¾ü w-¤ºÛ-¤ÛP-zTÅ-z;ôh-qºÛ-GŸÝP-
agreement birth certificate
Administration
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
54
ºƒï¾-»ÛG-Vü birth control
Bï-ºGôG
h¤ÛGÅ-zž-Bï-ºGôG-GÛ-fzÅ-¾¤zïh-uh-hï-¼P-ºhôh-zŸÛm-zÞ-yâG-Bïºwï¾-±ôh-º²Ûm-‚ïh-fzÅü
birth date
BïÅ-±ïÅü
Bï-hÝÅ-ˆÛ-±ïÅ-IPÅü
birth day
BïÅ-Ç+¼ü
BïÅ-qºÛ-ZÛm-¤ôº¤-hïºÛ-¾ô-ºDô¼-HÛ-ZÛm¤ôü
birth mark
Á-¤±mü Á-dGÅü
Bï-hÝÅ-mÅ-Á-qGÅ-ˆÛ-ÇeïP-hÝ-»ôh-qºÛ-©ïzÞ-hP-Á-¤±mü
birth place
Bï-»Þ¾ü
¼P-ZÛh-GP-hÝ-Bï-źÛ-GmÅü
birth rate
Bï-ºwï¾-IPÅ-±hü
Å-DÞ¾-ŸÛG-GÛ-¤Û-ºzô¼-¾-GŸÛGÅ-qºÛyâ-GÝ-WÛ-BïÅ-ˆÛ-IPÅ-±hü
biweekly
1ü zhÝm-yG-GZÛÅ-¼ï¼-fïPÅ-¼ï-‚ãP1ü zhÝm-GZÛÅ-¼ïºÛü zºÛü 2ü zhÝm-¼ï¼-fïPÅ-GZÛÅ-¼ïºüÛ 2ü zhÝm-yG-GTÛG-GÛ-mP-fïPÅGZÛÅ-¼ï-‚ãP-zºÛü
black economy
¾ôG-qºÛ-hq¾-º‚ô¼ü hq¾-º‚ô¼-mG-qôü
GŸÝP-GÛ-ÁïÅ-dôGÅ-¤ïh-q¼-¿+ôG-bà-ÇKï¼DG-GÛ-hPÞ¾-w¼-vôh-±ß¼-¾ïm-‚ïh-źÛhq¾-º‚ô¼-HÛ-±m-qü
black market
mG-±ôP-Fô¤-¼ü
FÛ¤Å-ºG¾-HÛÅ-hPôÅ-¼ÛGÅ-Zô-±ôP‚ïh-Åü
Administration
55
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
blackleg
F¤-q-@P-mG wô-¼ôG-h;¼-qôü
¾Å-¤Û-GŸm-n¤Å-ˆÛÅ-¾Å¤±¤Å-Pô-Lô¾-‚ïh-Ç+zÅ-¤Z¤ŸÝGÅ-¤-‚Å-q¼-¤Þ-¤fÞh-¾Å-;‚ïh-¤Ûü
blacklist
fô-GŸÝP-mG-qôü
hzP-º²Ûm-q-GTÛG-G¤-hÝ-¤Å-Džïm-hP.ü »Ûh-dôm-¤Û-¼ÞP-z¼-¯ÛÅqºÛ-GP-¸G-G¤-M¾-Dz-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛfô-GŸÝP.ü
blackmail
¤±P-ºhôm-ÇkÛGÅ-Ç+ݾü
GŸm-HÛ-GÅP-zºÛ-GmÅ-±ß¾-¾¤mG-ZïÅ-xÛ-zOGÅ-‚-MãºÛ-ÇkÛGÅÇ+ݾ-‚Å-bï-hPÞ¾-hPôÅ-Ȥ-ºyôG‚ïh-qº¤-¼P-GÛ-¾Å-hôm-Oæz-bàºWâG-qü
blacksmith
¤G¼-zü ¿UGÅ-z¸ô-zü
¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-zlÝPÅ-mÅ-»ô-‚h-z¸ô¤Dm-HÛ-¾G-ÁïÅ-z¸ô-¾Å-qü
blame
DG-h=Ûü Bôm-º²âGÅü DG-h=Û-zü Bôm-º²âGÅ-qü
ZïÅ-ºGm-G»ôG-qº¤-ljh-ºhôGÅqü
blank
1ü ÇeôP-qü 2ü Åï¤Å-ÇôeP.ü >Àh-ÇôeP.ü
1ü hPôÅ-qô-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-ÇïeP-»Û-GïhP.ü G¸ÞGÅ-z½‰mü dGÅ¿e-zÞ-GP-»P-¤ïh-qü 2ü zŤ-„ôÀº¤-ºV¼-ÇPo -HÛÅhzïm-qºÛ-Åï¤Åü
blank cheque
TïG-º²Ûm-ÇeôP-qü
hô-zhG-GÛ-¤ÛP-dGÅ-z;ôh-¼ÞPhPÞ¾-HÛ-IPÅ-ºzô¼-¤-z;ôh-qºÛ-
Administration
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
56
TïG-º²Ûm-ŸÛG blank
¤ÛP-¤ïh-VôG-¤Vmü
TïG-º²Ûm-ÅôGÅ-hPÞ¾-DP-GÛ-hPÞ¾º²Ûm-ÇeïP-vôh-»Þ¾-¤ÛP-Gž-¤-ºDôhq¼-vôh-º²Ûm-hï-¤Û-ÅÞºÛ-¾G-bà-»ôh-q-hï¾-vôh-ºfÞÅ-ˆÛ-VôG-¤Vmü
blast
ºz¼-GÅü
µÅ-¤ïº¤-ºz¼-µÅ-¿e-zÞºÛ-ÁÝGÅ-iGVï-zºÛ-ºz¼-fô¼ü
blending
zÆï-¢ô¼ü
D-hôG-¿e-zÞ-¤Z¤-hÝ-zÆï-zº¤-Çkïz-qü
blind school
¾ôP-zºÛ-ÇÀôz-IÔ
¤ÛG-GÛ-hzP-qô-Bôm-Tm-HÛ-ÇÀôz-IÔ
block
1ü IôP-JÛPÀ .ü 2ü DP-Çïkü
1ü IôP-Eï¼-mP-GÛ-DP-q-hÝ-¤-hP.ü ¾¤-GŸÝP-Tm-HÛ-Å-Eôm-Iâ-zŸÛ-m¼¤ô-ŸÛG 2ü GŸÛ-M-Vï-zºÛ-DP-q-ŸÛG-V-zGôÅzbP-zºÛ-±m-qü
block letter
»ÛG-Vïmü
ºEãG-»ÛG-¤-»Ûm-qºÛ-»ÛG-G¸ÞGÅü
blockade
z;G-ºGôG
M¾-Dz-hP.ü Å-DÞ¾ü IôP-Eï¼ü ¤±ô-D-ÅôGÅ-GP-»P-¼ÞP-z¼-hI-zôÅhqÞP-ÁÝGÅ-ˆÛÅ-±ôP-¾Å-hP-ºIÛ¤ºIâ¾-HÛ-ºIô-ºôP-z;G-Çkô¤ü
blocked
z;G-M-Tm-HÛ-¯ÛÅ-Fü
Gbº-¤-Gż-ºWôG-¤-‚Å-q¼-¤-@Pºw¼-¤-Zô-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅü
endorsement
account
Administration
57
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
blocked currency
z;º-M-Tm-HÛ-hPÞ¾ü
M¾-mP-hÝ-ºIô-MãG-®¤-¾Å-xÛºÛzXï-±ôP-Fô¤-¼¼-ºIô-MãG-VßP-zºÛhPÞ¾ü ºhÛ-¾-zXï-Nå¼-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛhPÞ¾-»P-¸ï¼ü
blood bank
FG-¤²ôhü
uÛ¼-Ǩm-DP-ŸÛG-GÛ-±ôh-¿e-DP-GÛ-Çkï±m-ŸÛG-Çïeü GP-hÝ-FG-¢Ûm-‚ÅqºÛ-FG-¼ÛGÅ-Åô-Åô¼-xï-Çeï-¤-ºôPÅqºÛ-mh-q-±ôºÛ-hGôÅ-¤DôºÛ-Vïh-hÝGÅôG-ºWôG-hP-zhG-Z¼-‚ïh-Åü
blood donation
FG-¢Ûmü
mh-q-±ôºÛ-²-iG-GÛ-hGôÅ-¤DôºÛVïh-hÝ-¼P-GÛ-¾ÞÅ-qôºÛ-FG-¢Ûm-qü
blood relations
Á-Zïü
FG-GÛ-Mãh-q-GTÛG-q-»Ûm-qºÛGZïm-ºƒï¾ü
blotting paper
B-ÁôG ºWÛz-ÁôG
ÇoG-µôz-ºWÛz-‚ïh-ˆÛ-ÁôG-zÞü
blue collar job
GôP-z-ÇSôm-qôºÛ-¾Å-;ü
z¸ô-IÔºÛ-mP-¾Å-DÞPÅ-ˆÛ-¾Å-;-¤»Ûm-qºÛ-P¾-¯ô¾-HÛ-¾Å-¼ÛGÅü
blueprint
1ü ÇSô-¼ÛÅü 2ü ºV¼-¼ÛÅü
1ü DP-qº¤-ºyâ¾-VÅ-¿-e zÞ-z¸ôºV¼-HÛ-z;ôh-q-Mz-¿YôPÅÇSôm-qôºÛ-ÇeïP-fÛG-¼ÛÅ-h;¼-qô¤Pôm-qºÛ-hqï-¼ÛÅü 2ü ‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-±ß¾-WÛ-¿¼e Oæz-q¼-Çeôm-qºÛ-ºV¼-GŸÛü
bluff
¸ôG-zÇÀâ-‚ïh-qü
¾¤-mô¼-zÇem-qº¤-¤Gô-Ç+ô¼-GbôP-
Administration
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
58
zü board
¿Ëm-MÅü
ÇePÅ-º²Ûm-‚-MãºÛ-hzP-±h-¿km-qºÛ±ôGÅ-VßP.ü
board of
PïÅ-Çeôm-¿Ëm-MÅü
Dï-¾Å-Ť-OÛG-º²âGÅ-Vï-DG-GÛ-¾Åhôm-º²Ûm-BôP-Vïh-zh¤Å-qºÛ-¤Û-±ôGÅÁÛG
boarder
1ü GmÅ-J¼À -Çôkh-¤Dmü 2ü Gbm-Çôkh-ÇôÀz-yâG
1ü DP-J-À hP-¿ôe-¼Ûm-vh-mÅ-Çôkh¤Dm-m¤-¿eô-¼Ûm-vh-mÅ-¸-¤-¸¤Dmü 2ü Gbm-ºWGÅ-ÇôÀz-IºÔ Û-mP-Çôkh¤Dm-HÛ-ÇÀôz-yâG
bodyguard
Ç+Ý-ÆâP-zü
hqôm-¼ÛGÅ-¿e-zÞºÛ-GP-¸G-TÛG-¾-ZïmÆâP-‚ïh-qôü
bogey/bogie
¼Û-¾ÛºÛ-DP-¤ÛG
ºDô¼-¤hº-GTÛG-hP-ºDô¼-¾ô-GZÛÅŤ-ºDô¼-¤hº-GZÛÅ-hP-ºDô¼-¾ôzŸÛºÛ-ÇeïP-GmÅ-qºÛ-¤ï-ºDô¼-HÛ-DPOô¤ü
bold letter
»Û-Gï-ºzÞ¼-mG
«åG-D-Vïm-qô-hP-ÇoG-±-G¼-qôÅ-ƒÛÅ-q¿e-zÞºÛ-»ÛG-G¸ÞGÅü
bombardment
ºz¼-¤hï¾-Lô¾-lÝP.ü
ºz¼-µÅ-G»ÞG-mÅ-w¼-Lô¾-‚ïh-±ß¾ü
bonafide
1ü Åï¤Å-q-n¤-hG-GÛ 2ü Pô-¤ü
1ü Åï¤Å-q-n¤-hG-G¤-G»ô-¿Ëh-¤ïhqºÛ-ÇKô-mÅ-Oæz-qºÛü
directors
Administration
59
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
2ü DÞPÅ-¿mk -hP-zTôÅ-¿Ëh-¤ïh-qü bonafides
zhïm-hqP-Mz-GZï¼ü
Åï¤Å-q-n¤-hG-G¤-zTôÅ-¿Ëh-¤ïhqºÛ-DÞPÅ-Bï¾ü Pô-¤-»Ûm-qºÛzhïm-dGÅü
bond
1ü Gm-Mü 2ü Gm-º²Ûmü
1ü xôGÅ-GZÛÅ-Ť-hÝ-¤Å-¯ºG¾-¤Û-‚ïh-q¼-DÅ-„ÀPÅqºÛ-IôÅ-¤fÞmü 2ü GŸÝP-P¤-Dï-¾Å-ÁÛG-GÛÅhPÞ¾-zÞm-ºWôG-¤Dm-¾-GbmºzïzÅ-hÝÅ-±ïÅ-ÁÛG-¾-¤-BïhIPÅ-±P-vôh-MãºÛ-»Û-Gï
bonded labour
P¾-¯ô¾-Gbº-G»ôG
JÀ-zô¼-ºWôG-¤Dm-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-¼P-GÛJÀ-z-±ô¼-Bïh-;-¤fô-zºÛ-zÞ-¾ômG»¼-XïÅü zÞ-¾ôm-¾ïm-¤Dm-HÛ-zÞ¼zÅ-±-Mãh-ˆÛÅ-¤Û-±ï-ÉÛ¾-qô¼-¾ÅJÀ-VßP-PÞºÛ-P¾-¯ô¾-‚Å-bï-zÞ-¾ômvôh-ºW¾-HÛ-FÛ¤Å-ºG¾-HÛ-¾¤¾ÞGÅ-ÁÛG
bonus
ºzz-Çoômü
¾Å-;ºÛ-Iâz-ºƒÅ-z¸P-qô-»ôP-z¼h¤ÛGÅ-bï-vôh-MãºÛ-JÀ-wôGÅ-ºw¼¤ü
bonus system
ºzz-Çoôm-vôh-Æô¾ü
hÝÅ-±ôh-PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛG-GÛ-mP-JÀ-ºzzºw¼-¤-vôh-qºÛ-¾¤-Æô¾ü
book
¯ÛÅ-hïzü
±ôP-hôm-Zô-±ôP-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-Vïh-hPÞ¾-
Administration
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
60
ºzz-vôh-¾ïm-ºGôh-hïzü book of
¯ÛÅ-FºÛ-hïzü
±ôP-ºƒï¾-HÛ-¯ÛÅ-F-ºGôh-źÛ-¤-hïzü
book post
hïz-£G
£G-DP-zMãh-mÅ-hïz-ˆÛ-¼ÛGÅ-GbôPÇePÅü
book value
hïz-z;ôh-¤-GmÅü
Fô¤-¼ºÛ-mP-hPôÅ-qô-ŸÛG-¾-hPôÅ-ÅÞ¼Ûm-fP-TÛ-®¤-DÞG-¤Ûm-¾-¤-¿eôÅ-q¼-uÛºIôÅ-®¤-hÝ-z;ôh-qºÛ-¼Ûm-fP.ü
booking
ÇSôm-¤PGÅü zÞG-;ÛP.ü
¹ôÅ-G¼-DP-hP.ü ºIâ¾-Bôh-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛVïh-ÇSôm-±ßh-mÅ-º²Ûm-ÁôG-¤PGÅ-Zô‚ïh-qü
booking office
zÞG-;ÛP-¾Å-DÞPÅü
¿eh-¤ô-hP.ü ºIâ¾-ºDô¼-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ¾G-º²Ûm-Zô-Åü
book-keeper
hïz-GZï¼-zü
Zô-±ôP-hP.ü vôh-¾ïm-¯ÛÅ-F-fô-ºGôh‚ïh-qôü
book-keeping
hïz-GZï¼-¾Å-¼ÛGÅü
Zô-±ôP-hP-ü vôh-¾ïm-HÛ-¯ÛÅ-F-VïhZ¼-HÛ-¾Å-;ü
booklet
hïz-VßP.ü
ÁôG-zÞºÛ-Mz-Á-Tm-HÛ-hqï-hïz-VßP-PÞ.ü
booth
uÛ¾-zÞü (¸Þ¼-zTh-)DP-zÞü hGôÅ-q-h¤ÛGÅ-zž-ÇÀh-hÝ-¾ôGÅ-ÅÞzTh-qºÛ-DP-VßP.ü
accounts
Administration
61
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
booth capturing
uÛ¾-zÞ-z®m-z¸ÞP.ü
ºôÅ-ÁôG-ºwïm-źÛ-uÛ¾-zÞ-hqÞPÁÝGÅ-ˆÛÅ-±ß¾-¤Ûm-ÇePÅ-º²Ûm-‚ïhqü
border line
¤±¤Å-fÛG
h‚ï-¤±¤Å-¤±ôm-‚ïh-ˆÛ-fÛG
borrow
BÛ-zü G»¼-zü
GŸm-ŸÛG-mÅ-hPÞ¾-hPôÅ-zÞ-¾ôm-hݾïm-qü
borrower
BÛ-¤Dmü G»ô¼-¤Dmü
hPÞ¾-hPôÅ-ÅôGÅ-GŸm-mÅ-zÞ-¾ôm¾ïm-¤Dmü
borrowing power
G»ô¼-BÛºÛ-mÝÅ-qü
Dï-¾Å-ÁÛG-GÛÅ-hPÞ¾-ºzô¼-wôm-VïG»ô¼-¾ïm-‚-MãºÛ-mÝÅ-qü
boss
hqômü
OÛG-º²âGÅ-DG-GÛ-ºGm-ºDÞ¼-‚ïhqôü
bottleneck
1ü 2ü 3ü 4ü
ºGG-hôG-Åü ºGôG-Aïmü h¤-zïºÛ-Çï+ü ºGôG-Aïm-z¸ô-zü
1ü GŸÝP-¾¤-¤¤-Çä~-GÝ-¿-e zÞºÛ-yź¤-hôG-Åü 2ü »¼-MÅ-Ť-fôm-Bïh-¾-z¼-hÝGTôh-qºÛ-Aïmü 3ü Áï¾-h¤-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-Çï+-y-Åü 4ü ‚-hPôÅ-ÁÛG-Oæz-q¼-ºG¾-Aïm‚ïh-qº¤-z¼-Vh-GbôP-zü
bottom line
1ü ŸzÅ-fÛG 2ü Gmh-ºGG-Vï-ÁôÅü
1ü hPÞ¾-¯ÛÅ-ˆÛ-¯ÛÅ-ÁôG-fôG-»ôPºzz-z¤-HôP-GÝm-ºGôh-źÛfÛG 2ü G¾-Gmh-G®ô-zôº¤-Gmh-
Administration
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
62
ºGG-Vï-ÁôÅü boundary
¤±¤Åü
h‚ï-¤±¤Å-Ť-¤fº-¤±¤Åü
boundary mark
¤±¤Å-dGÅü
h‚ï-¤±¤Å-¤±ôm-qºÛ-dGÅü
boycott
ºƒï¾-fG-GTôh-qü xÛ¼-¿kôG
Pô-Lô¾-¤±ôm-‚ïh-hÝ-hPôÅ-µÅ-Zô-±ôPuôh-GÅÞ¤-hP.ü ‚ïh-ÇôK¼-¤Z¤-ŸÝGŤÛ-‚ïh-qü
bracket
Áh-GÝG
Gž-D-ºhôm-MãºÛ-±ÛG-zXôh-ÅôGźWâG-źÛ-GÝG-dGÅü
bracketing
Áh-GÝG-mP-ºWâG-qü
±ÛG-zXôh-ÅôGÅ-GÝG-dGÅ-ˆÛ-mP-hݺWâG-qü
brain drain
>Àh-q-xÛ-Áô¼ü ¤DÅ-q-xÛ-Áô¼ü ¤DÅ-q-hP.ü ºyâ¾-¾Å-¾G-¯¾-TmHÛ-¤Û-Ço-M¾-Dz-z¤-Å-GmÅ-GTÛG-mŤfÞm-Aïm-z¸P-źÛ-Å-GmÅ-GŸm-hÝGmÅ-Çtô-‚Å-qºÛ-Aïm-HÛÅ-¤ÛºÛ-mÝÅÁÝGÅ-¤Û-ºhP-zºÛ-GmÅ-ÅÞ-H¼-zü
brake
ºGôG
Çoݤ-ºDô¼-¿e-zÞ-D-ºGôG-qº¤-h¾-hÝGbôP-‚ïh-ˆÛ-±ôh-º²Ûm-¤-¾G
branch office
»m-¾G-¾Å-DÞPÅü
¾Å-DÞPÅ-¿eï-z-GTÛG-GÛ-»-H¾-HÛ-¾ÅDÞPÅü
brand
±ôP-dGÅü ¾Å-dGÅü
Fô¤-¼ºÛ-mP-Dï-¾Å-;¤-q-mÛ-¿e-zÞÅ-ÅôÅôºÛ-fôm-µÅ-hP.ü GŸm-HÛ-fôm-µÅ-
Administration
63
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
h‚ï-º‚ïh-Gž-qô-»ôP-fzÅ-ˆÛdGÅ-hP-¤ÛP-ÅôGÅü breach
Gh¾-zÁÛG ºG¾-º²ô¾ü
OÛG-FÛ¤Å-Ť-FÛ¤Å-hôm-HÛ-ºGmDÞ¼-hP.ü DÅ-¾ïm-¿-e zÞ-¯ÛÅ-¤ïhlôG-¼ô¾-GbôP-zü
breach of contract
Vôh-Gm-ºG¾-º²ô¾ü
Vôh-Gm-HÛ-ºƒâ-hôm-¾-¤-GmÅ-qºÛºG¾-º²ô¾ü
breach of peace
ŸÛ-zhï-Gh¾-zÁÛG
¤P-±ôGÅ-ˆÛ-ŸÛ-zhï-¿ËÛP-ºWGÅ-¾Gmôh-GŸÛºÛ-OÛG-ºG¾-HÛ-uôh-±ß¾ü
breach of promise
D-hm-±ÛG-¾-¤-GmÅ-qü
DÅ-„ÀPÅ-qºÛ-h¤-zTº-¾-¤-GmÅq-Çïeü ¿ËG-q¼-hÝ-GZïm-OÛG-‚-MãºÛh¤-zTº-hP-ºG¾-zü
breach of trust
»Ûh-VïÅ-ºG¾-º²ô¾ü
Åô-Åô¼-zTPÅ-qºÛ-»Ûh-VïÅ-Ť¾Å-ºGm-¯ÛÅ-¤ïh-GbôP-zü
break down
1ü V-GÅïÅ-GbôP-zü 2ü mÝÅ-¤ïh-hÝ-Hã¼-qü
1ü Iâz-VºÛ-V-ÁÅ-Åô-Åô¼-h‚ï-zü 2ü ºyâ¾-VÅ-¿e-zÞºÛ-‚ïh-¾ÅºGG-qº¤-mÝÅ-¤ïh-hÝ-Hã¼-qü
break point
Vh-¤±¤Åü ºHã¼-¤±¤Åü ‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-‚ïh-¤±¤Å-Vh-qhP.ü ºHã¼-zº¤-ºGG-źۺGG-¤±¤Åü ¤±¤Åü
breakage
VG-Bôm-D-GÅzü
±ôP-¸ôP-VG-Bôm-m¤-zô¼-z½ÀG-Áô¼z¼-GÝm-GÅz-‚ïh-±ß¾ü
Administration
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
64
break-up
1ü D-ºfô¼-zü ÅÛ¾-zÞ¼-ºfô¼-zü 2ü ºƒï¾-fG-Vh-qü
1ü M¾-Dz-z¤-±ôGÅ-Çïk-¿-e zÞ-D-fô¼hÝ-xÛm-qü 2ü z¸º-±P-P¤-IôGÅ-qôºÛ-ºƒï¾¾¤-¿e-zÞ-Vh-qü
breed
Mãh-qü
¤ÛÅ-zhG-bà-z¸ÞP-zºÛ-¼ÛGÅ-GTÛG-qºÛhÝh-ºIôºÛ-mP-GÅïÅ-ˆÛ-Mãh-q-‚ï-ƒG-qŸÛG
breeder
Mãh-Çtï¾-‚ïh-qôü
ÆôG-VGÅ-hP-¯Û-ÁÛP-Bï-ºwï¾-‚ïh¤Dm-HÛ-GP-¸G
breeding
Mãh-Çtï¾ü
ÆôG-VGÅ-hP-¯Û-ÁÛP-¼ÛGÅ-¤fÞm-qº¤¤Û-¤fÞm-q-wm-±ßm-¢ô¼-Çkïz-ˆÛÅ-MãhÇtï¾-‚ïh-qü
brevity
ÇkÝh-qºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü
zXôh-q-fÞP-PÞ¼-uôh-±ß¾ü
brewery
VP-¼G-z¸ô-IÔ
VP-¼G-z¸ô-IÔ
bribe
¿+ôG-Qmü
¼P-hôm-Oæz-Vïh-hÝ-¿+ôG-bà-vôh-qºÛM㺤-hPôÅ-qôü
bribery
¿+ôG-Qm-vôh-¾ïmü
¿+ôG-Qm-vïôh-¾ïm-HÛ-‚-uôhü
brief
1ü Gmh-zÇkÝÅü 2ü MãÅ-Çôem-‚ïh-qü
1ü hôm-Gž-¾-±GÛ -ZPÝ -zºÛ-zXôh-qü 2ü z;ôh-‚Åã -¾¤-Çôme -m¤-ÇômS -±hß -h-Ý GmÅ-±ß¾-MãÅ-Çôem-‚ïh-qü
briefing
MãÅ-Çeômü
¤Û-ŸÛG-¾-z;ôh-‚ãÅ-¾¤-Çeôm-m¤-ÇSôm-
Administration
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
65
±ßh-hÝ-MãÅ-Çeôm-‚ïh-±ß¾ü brigade
h¤G-Çkïü
hqÞP-Çïk-hP.ü ¤hº-ÁôG-GÛ-IPÅPïÅ-Tm-¤ïh-qºÛ-h¤G-ÇkïºÛ-±m-qü
brilliant
¼ÛG-¯¾-Tmü
Eh-hÝ-ºwGÅ-qºÛ-ÁïÅ-¼z-¤Pº-zü
broadcast
MP-ÆÛP-‚ïh-qü
z½‰m-ºyÛm-m¤-½ÀâP-ºyÛm-HÛ-¾Å¼Û¤-¤P-±ôGÅ-ˆÛ-Vïh-M-Ez-bàzÆÛPÅ-qü
broadsheet
zOGÅ-ÁôG-Vïm-¤ôü
ÁôG-¿Ëï-Vïm-qôºÛ-ÇeïP-q¼-z;ôh-‚ÅqºÛ-Ez-zOGÅü
brochure
Pô-vôh-hïz-VßP.ü
OÛG-º²âGÅ-Ť-fôm-µÅ-ÁÛG-GÛÇ+ô¼-q¼-¼ÛÅ-Tm-HÛ-Pô-vôh-hÝ-z½‰mhïz-VßP-PÞºÛ-¼ÛGÅ-ÁÛG
broker
z¼-±ôP-qü z¼-Dï-zü
±ôP-q-wm-±ßm-hz¼-Pô-±z-‚Å-Çeï-Zô±ôP-‚Å-qºÛ-VP-¼Ûm-¾ïm-¤Ûü
brokerage
1ü z¼-Dï-zºÛ-±ôP-¾Åü 2ü z¼-Dïü
1ü z¼-±ôP-‚ïh-qôºÛ-¾Å-hômü 2ü z¼-±ôP-‚ïh-qô¼-vh-MãºÛ-JÀ-Vü
budget
ÇSôm-¯ÛÅü
¾Å-hôm-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛG-GÛ-Vïh-hÝGbP-MãºÛ-hPÞ¾-ºzzü
budget allocation
ÇSôm-¯ÛÅ-zGô-ºIï¤Åü
¾Å-hôm-Vï-Gï-¤ôºÛ-Vïh-ºV¼-hPÞ¾zGô-ºIï¤Å-MÅ-zThü
Administration
66
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
buffer
z¼-GmÅü
M¾-Dz-¿e-zÞ-wm-±ßm-¤Û-¤fÞm-q-GZÛňÛ-z¼-hÝ-GmÅ-qºÛ-GôP-zÞ-wÞP-GÅÞ¤-qü
building
DP-qü
¤ÛºÛ-ºhÝG-GmÅ-Ť-hPôÅ-µÅ-ºWôGźÛ-¯ÛG-hPôÅ-ˆÛ-¤ÛP.ü
bulk
1ü wôm-Vïmü 2ü Iâ-hôÅü Iâ-G¸ÛPÅ-ˆÛ-hôÅ-DP.ü
1ü zôPÅ-±h-h¤-Eôm-ºzô¼-Vïm-qôü 2ü Iâ-G¸ÛPÅ-ˆÛ-hôÅ-¸ôG-G¤-hï-hGºWôG-źÛ-GmÅü
bulletin
(GŸÝP-ºƒï¾ü)Gż-ºyÛmü hï-¤-fG-bà-q¼-Cæm-m¤-MP-zÆÛPÅ-‚MãºÛ-GŸÝP-ºƒï¾-Gż-GmÅ-GžzOGÅü
bumper
1ü zlz-¾ïmü „ˤ-q¼ü 2ü VïÅ-ºzï¾-qôü
1ü Çoݤ-ºDô¼-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-Mz-¤hÝm-hÝzÇK¼-zºÛ-zlz-ÁÝGÅ-¾ïm-‚ïh-ˆÛºHÛG-G¤-¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-m¼-¤ôü 2ü Mãm-¿mk -¾Å-¿ËG-qºÛ-ºzï¾-qôü
bumper crop
¾ô-¾ïGÅü
Mãm-¿km-hP-¤Û-ºi-zºÛ-Çeôm-ºƒÅ¾ïGÅ-qôü
bungling
1ü ÁïÅ-ºWôm-¤ïh-qºÛü 2ü ¯¾-¾G-¤ïh-qºÛü
1ü ¯¾-¾¤-ºWôm-fP-hzïm-qºÛü 2ü ¾G-q-G®ô-zô¼-‚Å-qºÛ-¾ÅÞ -qôº-Û ºGݾ-Bôh-ˆ-Û ¯¾-¾G-¤ïh-qü
burden
1ü DÞ¼-¿ÛüU 2ü IâºÛ-EôG-±hü
1ü ¾Å-ÇÀ-zô¼-ºDÞ¼-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛ-¾ÞÅÅï¤Å-GP-¼PÞ -G-Û lôG-FïÅ-¿-ÛU ¤ôü 2ü Iâ-G¸ÛPÅ-ÁÛG-GÛÅ-EôG-±ôh-ˆÛhôÅ-¸ôG
Administration
67
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
bureau
1ü GŸÝP-¾Å-DP.ü 1ü GŸÝP-ŸÛG-GÛ-¾Å-DÞPÅ-Ťhôm-GTôh-DP.ü ¾Å-DÞPÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-mP-GÅïÅ2ü GmÅ-±ß¾-zÇkÝ-vôh-¾Å±m-qü DÞPÅü 2ü GmÅ-±ß¾-zÇkÝ-¾ïm-m¤-¤Dôvôh-‚ïh-¤Dm-HÛ-Dï-¾Å-ŤOÛG-º²âGÅ-ÁÛG
bureaucracy
hqôm-hzP-ÆÛh-GŸÝP-¼ÛP¾ÞGÅü
GŸÝP-ŸÛG-GÛ-º²Ûm-BôP-Çïeü GŸÝPhïºÛ-hqôm-¼ÛGÅ-±P-¤-hP-¾ÅDÞPÅ-±P-¤ºÛ-uÛºÛ-¤ÛP.ü
burst
JÀô-zÞ¼-ºz¼-GÅü
JÀô-zÞ¼-hÝ-‚ãP-zºÛ-GÅ-ºfô¼-¼¤ºz¼-GÅü
business
±ôP-¾Åü
1ü ¼P-GÛ-º±ô-dïm-HÛ-¾Å-;-G®ô-zôü 2ü ±ôP-¾Å-Ťü z¸ô-¾Åü Vïh-¾Å-zTÅ-ˆÛ-Zô-±ôP-¾Åhômü
business agent
±ôP-hôm-Pô-±z-qü
¤Û-GŸm-ŸÛG-GÛ-Vïh-hÝ-±ôP-hômGZï¼-¤Dm-HÛ-Pô-±zü
businessman
±ôP-qü
±ôP-ºƒï¾-¾¤-z¸ô-¾Å-ˆÛ-¾Å¼ÛGÅ-‚ïh-qôü
buy-back
ÇÀ¼-Zôü
hï-ÇS¼-z®ôPÅ-¸Ûm-qº¤-zhG-qºÛhPôÅ-qô-GP-ŸÛG-ÇÀ¼-»P-Zô-zü
buyer
Zô-¤Dmü
T-hPôÅ-¿e-zÞ-¼Ûm-ºzz-vh-hï-Zô¤Dmü
Administration
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
68
by hand
¾G-¯ô¾-¾-zdïm-qºÛü ¾G-fôG
¾G-qºÛ-¯ô¾-z-¾-zdïm-qºÛü
by post
£G-fôG
»Û-Gï-ÅôGÅ-£G-DP-zMãh-mÅ-GbôP-zü
bye election/by
D-Ç+ôP-ºôÅ-zÇkÝü
IôÅ-±ôGÅ-ºfÞÅ-¤Û-¿e-zÞ-ŸÛG-¾Å-hÝŤ-G®P-GôP-±ï-¾Å-ºhÅ-qº¤ü hGôPÅ-ŸÝ-‚Å-qºÛ-@P-±z-Gh¤-MãºÛºôÅ-zÇkÝü
bye law/by law
mP-FÛ¤Åü
OÛG-º²âGÅ-ÁÛG-GÛÅ-¼P-ZÛh-ˆÛ-º²ÛmBôP-ÇePÅ-º²Ûm-Vïh-hÝ-z¸ôÅ-qºÛ-h¤Û‡zž-HÛ-FÛ¤Å-hP-OÛG-GŸÛü
cabin
;ï-zÛmü
1ü I⺤-Iâ-G¸ÛPÅ-mP-GÛ-¤Û-Z¾-źÛDP-VßP.ü 2ü ÁÛP-mGÅ-ˆÛ-Fôh-hÝ-z¸ôÅ-qºÛ-ÁÛPDP-VßP-VßP.ü 3ü Gm¤-Iâ-hP-¤Dº-IâºÛ-mP-ºIâ¾q-Çkôh-Åü
cabinet
z;º-ÁG
M¾-Dz-ˆÛ-hzÞ-º²Ûm-HÛÅ-GŸÝP-GÛ-º²ÛmBôP-¾Å-DÞPÅ-Ťü ¿Ëm-DP-DG-GÛºGô-FÛh-h¤ü ºGm-DÞ¼-‚ïh-qô¼-zÇ+ôÅqºÛ-z;º-„Àôm-¿Ëm-±ôGÅü
cablegram
¤±ô-ºôG-b¼-ºyÛmü
¤±ô-ºôG-¿UGÅ-Ç+Ýh-zMãh-mÅ-xÛ-M¾-hÝGbôP-zºÛ-b¼-ºyÛmü
cadre
1ü @P-¾ïm-¾Å-‚ïhü
1ü OÛG-º²âGÅ-Vï-z-ŸÛG-GÛ-z;ôh-OÛG-
election
Administration
69
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
OÛG-IÅ-¾Å-‚ïhü ¾-PïÅ-q¼-¤Dô-zºÛ-¢ôP-zl¼Ç+¾-IÅ-¾Å-‚ïhü Tm-HÛ-¤Û-Vü 2ü ;ü (Gż-zXïºÛ-) 2ü ;ü Gż-zXïºÛ-±ôGÅ-q-ŸÛGÈà¼-z¯ôm-hqÞP-Çkïü GÛ-Dï-wm-HÛ-ÇÀh-hÝ-¾Å-TÛDü (Gż-zXïºÛ-) »P-Oæz-fÞz-qºÛ-Èà¼Èà¼-z¯ôm-qü z¯ôm-¤Û-ÇoºÛ-Çkï-DG Dü hï-¿-e zÞºÛ-Èà¼-z¯ôm-hqÞPDG-GÛ-±ôGÅ-¤Û-ŸÛG calamity
Aïm-Pm-±zÅ-Vïü
Gôh-VG-Vïm-qô-hP-ÇkÝG-zÇS¾-iGqô-»ôP-GŸÛºÛ-hôm-Aïmü
calculating
¯ÛÅ-MG-ºyâ¾-ºDô¼ü
¯ÛÅ-ºƒÅ-ºhôm-q¼-z;ô¾-zºÛºyâ¾-VÅ-VßP-IÅ-ÁÛG
calculation
¯ÛÅ-MG
ÍP-¯ÛÅ-Ť-Gbm-±ÛGÅ-¼ÛG-qºÛfzÅ-¾-zdïm-mÅ-¯ÛÅ-zÇ+ô¼-zº¤fG-GTôh-‚ïh-fzÅü
calculator
1ü ¯ÛÅ-MG-ºyâ¾-ºDô¼ü 2ü ¯ÛÅ-¤Dmü
1ü calculating machine ¾¿eôÅü 2ü ¯ÛÅ-Ť-¯ÛÅ-MG-ºyâ¾-ºDô¼z;ô¾-uôh-¾-¤DÅ-qü
calendar
¾ô-fôü ¹-fôü
¾ô-GTÛG-GÛ-¹-hÝÅ-±ïÅ-IPÅ-ÅôGÅz;ôh-qºÛ-¾ô-fô-ÁôG-AP-¤º¤-ÁôG¿Ëï-ZÝP-ÁÅ-Tmü
calendar month
xÛ-¹ü
¾ô-GTÛG-¹-z-zTß-GZÛÅ-ÅÞ-zGôÅqºÛ-V-GTÛG
machine
Administration
70
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
calendar year
xÛ-¾ôü
xÛ-¹-1±ïÅ-1mÅ-xÛ-¹-12±ïÅ-31z¼-HÛhÝÅ-»Þmü
calling
º±ô-fzÅ-¾Å-¼ÛGÅü
¤Û-Åô-Åô¼-¢ôP-zl¼-hP-ÇÀôz-¢ôP-fôz-qºÛ¾Å-¼ÛGÅü
camp
ÇK¼ü
h¤G-¤Ûº¤ü ºƒôG-qü ºIâ¾-q-¿-e zÞºÛ-ºy¾-Åï¾-Çkôh-GmÅ-ˆÛ-Vïh-hÝ-GݼhP.ü uÛ¾-zÞ-¿-e zÞ-ÅôGÅ-I-zOÛGÅqºÛ-Å-Vü
campaign
1ü h¤G-ºGݾü 2ü ¾Å-ºGݾü
1ü h¤ÛGÅ-»Þ¾-Vïm-qô-ŸÛG-ºIâz-ÇÀh¼Û¤-q¼-zMz-qºÛ-h¤G-ºfzü 2ü h¤ÛGÅ-»Þ¾-Vï-Gï-¤ô-ŸÛG-GÛ-ÇÀhhÝ-±-±-ºÞ¼-ºÞ¼-hÝ-Çtï¾-zºÛ-¾Åhômü
campus
1ü Dô¼-»ÞG 2ü ÇÀôz-GZï¼-HÛ-¤Û-±ïü
1ü ¤fô-ÇôÀz-z¤-ÇôÀz-I-Ô ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-DP-qhP.ü hïºÛ-¤fº-Çô+¼-HÛ-Å-V»ôPÅ-µôGÅü 2ü ¤fô-ÇÀôz-ˆÛ-¤Û-±ïº¤-ÁïÅ-»ôm-HÛhˆÛ¾-ºDô¼ü
cancel
1ü ¤ïh-q¼-z¸ô-zü 2ü z;ô¾-dGÅ-MG-qü 3ü mÝÅ-¤ïh-z¸ô-zü
1ü I-OGÛ -‚Å-¸mÛ -qºÛ-‚-GŸG-TGÛ -¤-Û hGôÅ-qºÛ-fG-GTôh-‚ïh-qü 2ü £G-dGÅ-¿-e zÞ¼-zïh-uôh-‚Å-¸ÛmqºÛ-dGÅ-zMz-Çeï-»P-zB¼-zïhuôh-¤ïh-q-z¸ô-zü 3ü FÛ¤Å-fôG-GÛ-ºGm-ŸÛG-mÝÅ-¤ïhz¸ô-zº¤-¤ïh-q¼-z¸ô-zü
Administration
71
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
cancellation
1ü ¤ïh-q¼-z¸ô-zü 2ü z;ô¾-dGÅü 3ü mÝÅ-¤ïh-z¸ô-zü
1ü ÇS¼-I-OÛG-‚Å-¸Ûm-qº¤ü fG-zTh-qºÛ-¾Å-hôm-ŸÛG-XïÅÅô¼-¤Û-hGôÅ-qºÛ-fG-GTôhü 2ü £G-dGÅ-¿-e zÞ-zB¼-hÝ-zïhuôh-¤ïh-q-z¸ô-MãºÛ-dGÅü 3ü FÛ¤Å-hôm-HÛ-ºGm-ºFÛ-¿-e zÞ¾G-zÇe¼-¤Û-hGôÅ-qº¤ü ¯ÛºWôG-¤Û-hGôÅ-q-z¸ô-zºÛ-‚GŸG
candidate
ºôÅ-GŸÛü ºôÅ-¤Ûü
1ü ¾Å-GmÅ-Ť-ºôÅ-ºhï¤Å‚Å-qºÛ-Gô-GmÅ-ºfôz-fzÅ-ˆÛºIm-Çkݼ-mP-ŸÝGÅ-¤Ûü 2ü Gô-GmÅ-hP.ü ‚-hGºü VïzÇeôh-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-ÇÀh-hÝ-ºôÅ-¢ô¼‚Å-qºÛ-Bï-zôü
candidature
ºôÅ-GŸÛºÛ-GmÅ-zzÅü
ºôÅ-GŸÛºÛ-DôPÅ-ÅÞ-GbôGÅ-qºÛGmÅ-ÇePÅü
cantonment
h¤G-ÇK¼ü
h¤G-¤Û-GmÅ-Çkôh-‚ïh-źÛ-ÇK¼ü
canvassing
ºôÅ-ÁôG-Ç+ݾ-ÇÀôP.ü
ºôÅ-ÁôG-ºwïm-¤Dm-n¤Å-¾-Ç+ݾÇÀôP-‚ïh-fzÅü
capability
ºWôm-fP.ü
¾Å-hôm-¾ïGÅ-qô-‚ïh-fÞz-qºÛ-mÝÅ-q¿km-qºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü
capable
ºWôm-fP-Tmü
¾Å-hôm-¾ïGÅ-qô-‚ïh-fÞz-qºÛ-mÝÅ-qhP-¿km-qü
Administration
72
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
capacity
1ü ÁôP-±hü 2ü ;ü ºWôm-fP.ü Dü (fôm-Bïh-ˆÛ-) ¤P-¤fºÛ-±hü 3ü ºGmü 4ü hzP-Vü
1ü DP-q-hP.ü Çoôh-¿-e zÞºÛ-mP-WÛ-®¤ÁôP-zºÛ-±hü 2ü ;ü ¾Å-;-‚ïh-qº¤-fôm-Bïm-‚ïhfÞz-qºÛ-mÝÅ-qü Dü fôm-Bïh-¤P-¤fºÛ-±hü 3ü ¤Û-ŸÛG-GÛ-¾Å-;ºÛ-ºGmü 4ü FÛ¤Å-fôG-GÛ-ºôÅ-zzÅ-Ť-hzP±hü
capital
1ü ¤-¯ü ¤-º²âGÅü 2ü ;ü M¾-Åü Dü ¿eï-GmÅü 3ü G®P-zhG-D¼-hzP.ü
1ü D¼-hzP-M-Bïh-ˆÛ-Vïh-hÝ-¤º²âGÅ-‚-MãºÛ-h¤ÛGÅ-dïmü 2ü ;ü GŸÝP-GÛ-¿ïe-GmÅü Dü ¾Å-ºGݾ-Vï-Gï-¤ôº¤z¸ô-¾Å-ˆÛ-zÇeÛ-GmÅü 3ü ±ôP-¾Å-ÁÛG-GÛ-Mã-hPôÅ-¾ÅGŸm-¾-vôh-ÇKô-WÛ-»ôh-ºyÛÅ-¸ÛmqºÛ-¿ËG-¤ü
capital account
1ü ¤-º²âGÅ-¯ÛÅ-Fü 2ü ¤-GmÅ-¯ÛÅ-Fü
1ü M¾-Dz-TÛG-GÛ-mP-M¾-uÛºÛ-uÛÇKï¼-ÅÞ-¼ÞP-GÛÅ-¤-¯-zŸG-qhP-ü M¾-Dz-hï-mÅ-xÛºÛ-M¾Dz-hÝ-¤-¯-zŸG-q-GZÛÅ-ˆÛ-z¼Ehü 2ü ±ôP-¾Å-ÁÛG-GÛ-hÝÅ-¤±¤Å-PïÅTm-ŸÛG-GÛ-¤-GmÅ-¯ÛÅ-ÁôG
capital expenditure
¤-¯ºÛ-ºIô-Iômü ¤-º²âGÅ-ºIô-Iômü
hÝÅ-¼ÛP-D¼-hzP-zhG-fôz-Vïh-hÝ-ºIôIôm-zbP-zºÛ-¤-hPÞ¾ü
capital
¤-º²âGÅü
Å-DP-hP.ü ºyâ¾-VÅ-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-Vïh-
investment
Administration
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
73
¤-¯-GbôP-zü capital punishment
ÆôG-fôG-ZïÅ-Vhü
ZïÅ-Tm-q-ŸÛG-¾-FÛ¤Å-fG-zThqºÛ-ÆôG-fôG-GÛ-ZïÅ-Vhü
capitulation
¤Gô-zbGÅ-¯ÛÅ-ºzÞ¾ü
V-Aïm-m¤-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-PïÅ-Tm-ºôGDÅ-¾ïm-‚Å-qºÛ-¤Gô-ºzÞ¾ü
capture
1ü ;ü Dü 2ü ;ü Dü
1ü ;ü iG-ÁÝGÅ-Ť-G»ô-fzž-zdïm-mÅ-z®m-z¸ÞPz;G-Z¼-‚ïh-qü Dü »Ûh-Åï¤Å-¿-e zÞ-ºGÝG-qü 2ü ;ü iG-ÁÝGÅ-Ť-fzÅ-¾zdïm-mÅ-º²Ûm-q-hP.ü ºEï¼-zü fôz-qºÛ-‚-uôhü Dü z¸ÞP-zº¤-fôz-qºÛ-¤Ûº¤hPôÅ-qôü
carbon copy
1ü ÇoG-ÁôG-ºi-zÁÝÅü 2ü q¼-zÁÝÅü
1ü ÇoG-ÁôG-zïh-uôh-zbP-mÅz¸ôÅ-qºÛ-»Û-Gï-¿e-zÞºÛ-ºizÁÝÅü 2ü GŸm-ŸÛG-hP-ÁÛm-bà-ºi-zºÛ¤Ûº¤-hPôÅ-qôü
card index
ÁôG-‚P-h;¼-VG
Gô-¼Û¤-Vï-Gï-¤ôºÛ-ÇeïP-zOÛGÅ-qºÛÁôG-‚P-h;¼-VG
care
1ü ¿e-BôP.ü 2ü G¸z-mmü 3ü Åï¤Å-DÞ¼-‚ïh-qü
1ü ¤Ûº¤-hPôÅ-qô¼-ÆâP-Bôz-hP-¿-e BôP.ü 2ü ŸÛz-yºÛ-GmÅ-ÇPe Å-ÅôGÅ-¾-
ºWâ-z¸ÞP-‚ïh-qü »Ûh-ºGÝG-qü ºWâ-z¸ÞP.ü z¸ÞP-zºÛ-¤Ûº¤hPôÅ-qôü
Administration
74
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
G¸z-mm-Vï-zºÛ-hô-ÇoP.ü 3ü ‚-hPôÅ-ÁÛG-G¾-Vïm-hÝ-z¯ÛÅ-bï-hï¾-hô-DÞ¼-‚ïh-qº¤ü »P-m-„ôÀ-w¤qü career
1ü ¤Û-±ïºÛ-ºIôÅü 2ü ¤hÝm-¾¤ü
1ü uÛ¼-zbP-¤Û-±ïºÛ-‚-GŸG-GÛ-zMãh¼Û¤ü 2ü ¤Û-±ï-Bï¾-ÇPe Å-bïü º±ô-fzÅŤ-º±ô-¾Åü
caretaker
¿e-dôG-ÆÛh-GŸÝP.ü
ÆÛh-GŸÝP-GTÛG-¤WâG-OÛ¾-z-hP.ü ÆÛh-GŸÝP-GŸm-ŸÛG-¤-ÇÀïzÅ-z¼-HÛhÝÅ-»Þm-fÞP-PÞºÛ-¼ÛP-GŸÝP-GÛ-¾Å-hôm¿e-dôG-‚ïh-qôºÛ-GŸÝP.ü
cargo
hôÅ-¸ôG
Iâ-G¸ÛPÅ-hP-Gm¤-Iâ hôÅ-Bï¾-ÇÝo¤ºDô¼-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-mP-hzô¼-ºiïm-‚ïh-zŸÛmqºÛ-hPôÅ-¸ôG
carriage
1ü 2ü 3ü 4ü
1ü dÅ-ºfïm-MãºÛ-ºDô¼-¾ô-zŸÛ-Tm-HÛÁÛP-dü 2ü ¤ï-ºDô¼-HÛ-ºIâ¾-q-Çôkh-źÛ-DPOô¤ü 3ü hPôÅ-¸ôG-Bï¾-ºiïm-HÛ-ºIô-Iômü 4ü ¤Û-ŸÛG-»¼-¾PÅ-q-hP.ü ºIô-zü Çkôh-q-zTÅ-ˆÛ-GmÅ-Ç+zÅ-ˆÛG¸ÞGÅ-qôºÛ-ºEï¼-z¸ôü
carrier
ºô¼-ºiïm-qü
government
ÁÛP-d-ºDô¼-¾ôü ¤ï-ºDô¼-DP-¤ÛG hôÅ-JüÀ ¾ÞÅ-ˆÛ-n¤-ºHã¼ü
hPôÅ-¸ôG-G¤-ºIâ¾-q-Å-V-GTÛG-mÅGŸm-ŸÛG-bà-Bï¾-ºiïm-‚ïh-qºÛ-Dï-¾Å-
Administration
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
75
ÁÛG carry forward
¤hÝm-ºEï¼ü
¯ÛÅ-F-¿e-zÞºÛ-ÁôG-¿Ëï-ÇSôm-¤ºÛ-Çkô¤ºzô¼-XïÅ-¤¼-ºEï¼-z-¿e-zÞü
carry out
1ü ¾G-¾ïm-zÇe¼-zü 2ü D-Vh-¾G-zÇe¼-‚ïh-qü
1ü Gô-OÛG-hP-ºV¼-GŸÛ-hGôÅqºÛ-¾Å-;-ŸÛG-‚ïh-qü 2ü ¼P-GÛÅ-‚-Mã-DÅ-„PÀ Å-qº¤GŸm-HÛÅ-¤PGÅ-qºÛ-¾Å-hômOæz-qü
carry over
1ü xÛ¼-ºHPÅ-‚ïh-qü 2ü mÝÅ-qºÛ-Mãm-GmÅ-qü
1ü ‚-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-ºV¼-GŸÛ¿e¼-‚ïh-¤-fÞz-qº¤-zïh-uôh‚ïh-¤-fÞz-q¼-ºHPÅ-qü 2ü GmÅ-ÇPe Å-ºHã¼-¸Ûm-ˆP-¤Þ¤fÞh-hï-GmÅ-qº¤-ÁÝGÅ-Aïm‚ïh-qü
cartage
1ü ÁÛP-dºÛ-Bï¾-ºiïmü 2ü ÁÛP-dºÛ-JüÀ
1ü ÁÛP-dºÛ-Bï¾-ºiïm-m¤-hzô¼ºiïm-HÛ-‚-GŸG 2ü ÁÛP-dºÛ-Bï¾-ºiïm-HÛ-ºIô-Iômü
Administration
76
º²Ûm-BôP-ü
Medicine & Astrology
77
Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅü
zl-Vh-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-¾Å-ºV¼ü TIBETAN TERMINOLOGY PROJECT
Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅ-ˆÛ-zl-Vhü MEDICAL & ASTROLOGICAL TERMS
zôh-GŸÝP-Ǩm-¯ÛÅ-DP.ü MEN-TSE-KHANG / TMAI
Medicine & Astrology
78
Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅü
abacterial
y-ÆÛm-¤ïh-qü
abortion
¤P¾-h‚ãP.ü ¤P¾-GmÅ-h‚ãP- ‚ÛÅ-q-z®º-hÝÅ-¤-¼m-GôPzü ¤P¾-mÅ-xÛ¼-h‚ãP-zº¤-Bå¼zü
abscess
nG-Cmü nG-ºzÞ¼ü
¤±ôm-hP-±ï¼-¤-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛÅzÇoh-ż-¾ÞÅ-ˆÛ-wÞP-Iâz-ÁÛ-z-¾zdïm-mÅ-GmÅ-GTÛG-bà-nGGÅôG-qü
acedia
»Ûh-ŸÝ¤-qü »Ûh-¤Û-hGº-zü
‚-z-GP-»P-‚-ºhôh-¤ïh-q¼Zôz-ÇoP-Bï-zºÛ-Åï¤Å-mhü
acidity
Vß-Bå¼ü
zh-;m-mh-GŸÛÅ-Aïm-qºÛ-wô-zºÛmP-Bå¼-µÅ-ºwï¾-zü
acidosis
Bå¼-hÝG
FG-GÛ-mP-Bå¼-±Ð-±h-¾ÅzL¾-zºÛ-Bômü
acne
ÆÛm-fô¼ü zh-fô¼ü
¾P-±ô-h¼-Ç+zÅ-GhôP-hP-ƒPDôG-ÅôGÅ-¾-‚ãP-zºÛ-fô¼-q-nG¤Gô-Tmü
acroarthritis
Åô¼-±ÛGÅ-Iâ¤-zÞü
@P-¾G-GÛ-¤²âz-¤ôºÛ-±ÛGÅGŸÛ¼-GZm-D-zMz-qºÛ-mhü
acrobphobia
¤fô-ºWÛGÅü
È-TP-¤fô-ż-ºIô-¤Û-mÝÅ-qºÛhPPÅ-CG
ÁÛm-bà-y-zºÛ-Bï-¿km-Bï-ºwï¾-¤ÛmÝÅ-qº¤-¤ïh-qºÛü
Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅü
79
Medicine & Astrology acromegaly
¾ÞÅ-zôPÅ-¿ËG-qü
zh-;m-©ïm-zÞÅ-Bïh-qºÛ-Ç+ݾ-µÅˆÛ-‚ïh-¾Å-¤P-zºÛ-Bôm-HÛÅG¸ÞGÅ-qôºÛ-º±¼-¾ôP-±h-¾ÅzL¾-zü
acropathy
»m-¾G-GÛ-mhü
@P-¾G-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-mhü
actinomycosis
xãGÅ-ˆÛ-GZm-mhü
mh-ºzÞ-y-¤ô-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-Aïm-qºÛxãGÅ-mh-¤Û-¾ºP-ºGô-ÆÛh-q-ŸÛG
adenalgia
©ïm-zÞºÛ-m-¸ÞG
Çoï-Å-DÞh-hP-¤Vm-DÞP-©ïm-zÞÅôGÅ-¾ÞÅ-ˆÛ-©ïm-zÞ¼-m-¸ÞG-º‚ãPzü
adenitis
©ïm-zÞºÛ-GZm-±hü
©ïm-zÞ¼-GZm-D-MÅ-qü
adenofibroma
¯-Cmü
¤P¾-hP-mÝ-¤-ÅôGÅ-¾-¤P-hÝ-‚ãPzºÛ-¯-MãÅ-hP-©ïm-zÞºÛ-Cm-lôG-TmHÛ-GôP-zÞü
adenoma
©ïm-Cmü
©ïm-zÞºÛ-Mã-¾Å-Iâz-qºÛ-Cm-lôG
aerocele
½ÀâP-Cmü ½ÀâP-ºEÛ¤ü
Mã-¾ôP-ÅôGÅ-¼P-‚ãP-ÇeôP-VºÛ-mP½ÀâP-GôP-zÞ¼-iÛ¾-mÅ-Ç~ôÅ-MPÅ‚ïh-qºÛ-mhü
aging
L-zü
¾ô-m-LÅ-qºÛ-zMãh-¼Û¤ü
agitation
ÁïÅ-q-º±ßz-qü
½ÀâP-mh-h¤-Åï¤Å-D¤Å-¤Û-zhï-zºÛhzP-GÛÅ-Åï¤Å-ŸÛ-h¾-hÝ-¤Û-GmÅ-
Medicine & Astrology
Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅü
80
qü aglecemia
FG-;¼-¸h-qü
FG-mP-GÛ-;-¼ºÛ-µÅ-¸h-qºÛ-Bômü
aglutation
¤Ûh-h;º-zü
D-¸Å-¤Ûh-Hã¼-GbôP-h;º-zºÛ-mhü
agony
m-¸ÞG-iG-qôü Í-mºÛ-¸ÞG
m-¸ÞG-ÁÛm-bà-Vïm-qôü
ague
ºh¼-±hü
ºh¼-±h-ÅôGÅ-±-zºÛ-mh-ˆÛ-zl-½‰ÛP.ü
AIDS
GZm-mh-¼ïG-hÝG
¤ÛºÛ-¾ÞÅ-¸ÞPÅ-¸h-qºÛ-GZm-mh(HIV) ¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-GZm-¼Û¤Å-ÆÛmºzÞ-ºFâGÅ-qºÛ-mhü hïÅ-¾ÞÅ-ˆÛ-mh¼ÛGÅ-ÇSôm-ºGôG-GÛ-mÝÅ-q-Z¤Å-q¼‚ïh-qÅ-ÆôG-¾-Zïm-±zÅ-Vïü
akalamathesia
JÀïm-qü
Gô-ÇeôzÅ-Ÿm-qºÛ-JÀïm-qºÛ-¼ÛGÅü
alastrim
ºƒâ¤-q-h;¼-qôü Á-¼-B-Á¼ü zh-;m-Hã¼-zºÛ-ºƒâ¤-zÞºÛ-mh-¼ÛGÅ-¿Ëºƒâ¤-»P-zºÛ-IÅ-ÁÛG
aldebran
Ço¼-¤ü
Mã-Ç+¼-Zï¼-zhÝm-HÛ-Ç+¼-EÛ¤-zŸÛqü(¼P-¾ÞGÅ-Mã-Ç+¼-Zï¼-zhÝm-HÛ-hPqô-f-Ç+¼-¾-PôÅ-º²Ûm-qºÛ-Gô-¼Û¤-¿e¼¼ôü)
algesia
¸ÞG-G¸ï¼-Vï-VßP.ü
m-¸ÞG-GÛ-±ô¼-z-iG-Ÿmü
algophobia
G¸ï¼-ºWÛGÅ-iG-qôü
m-¸ÞG-¾-CG-hPPÅ-iG-qôü
Medicine & Astrology
Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅü
81
alkalosis
»-z->Ä-¼-¤P-Bômü
FG-Mãm-mP-mÅ-±ÛG-f¾-z-¤P-iGÅqºÛ-Bômü
allergy
¤Û-ºyôh-qü
D-¸Å-hP-ü Ǩmü f¾-lݾ-ÅôGÅ-¤ºyôh-qºÛ-Aïm-HÛÅ-qGÅ-q¼-h¤¼CPÅ-VGÅ-qü ¸-ºyâG-¾P-zü £Ûhq-MG-q-ÅôGÅ-±ô¼-Bïm-qºÛ-Bômü
almanac
¾ô-fôü ¹-fôü
¾ô-GTÛG-GÛ-mP-G¸º-Ç+¼-HÛ-zIôh-q-¾GŸÛGÅ-bï-ºwô-ºHã¼-hP-zhï-ÇkÝG-GÛGmÅ-±ß¾-TÛ-º‚ãP-Gž-zºÛ-hïz-VßP-ü
alopecia/
C-‚Ûü
C-ÆÛm-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-Aïm-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-C-‚ÛzºÛ-mhü
altair
Iô-zŸÛmü
Mã-Ç+¼-Zï¼-zhÝm-mP-GÛ-Ç+¼-EÛ¤-Zï¼GZÛÅ-qü
altitude
¾-hÝG
M-¤±ôºÛ-PôÅ-mÅ-wÛ-‡Û-zMh-ÇeôP-zL¾zºÛ-¤fô-ż-º‚ãP-zºÛ-Aïm-hzÞGÅ-¤ÛºhP-q-hP-¤Gô-m-z-¿e-zÞºÛ-½ÀâP-mhü
;-²-¤Û¼-mhü
hzP-¯ºÛ-mÝÅ-ÇeôzÅ-ƒÛ-mÅ-im-ÁïÅZ¤Å-qºÛ-Bômü
amaurosis
¾ôP-zºÛ-PP-±ß¾ü
¤ÛG-GÛÅ-¤Û-¤fôP-zºÛ-Bômü
amebiasis
Mã-Lm-HÛ-mhü
Ç~äz-GTÛG-hݤ-BïÅ-y-ÆÛm-HÛÅ-Aïm-qÅMã-¤¼-GZm-D-zMzÅ-mÅ-FG-hP-zïÇozÅ-zÁ¾-zü
acomia
sickness
Alzhemer disease
Medicine & Astrology amebic
Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅü
82
Mã-G¸ï¼ü
Ç~äz-GTÛG-hݤ-BïÅ-ˆÛ-mh-ºzÞ-ŸÛG-GÛ-AïmHÛÅ-Mã-¤¼-GZm-D-MÅ-mÅ-FG-hP-zïÇozÅ-zÁ¾-zü
¹-¤±m-Çkô¤-qü
¹-¤±m-hÝÅ-fôG-¤Û-ºzz-qº¤-ºGGqºÛ-¤ô-mhü
ljÛP-FG-Mã-z-Z¤Å-qü
ljÛP-GÛ-Á-Gmh-ˆÛ-mÝÅ-q-Z¤Å-Bôm-HÛÅljÛP-¯-ºGG-qºÛ-²-iG-GÛ-mh-±zÅVïmü
amnesia
im-q-¤Û-Gž-zü
>Àh-qºÛ-hzP-¯¼-Bôm-GP-¼ÞP-GÛÅ-imÁïÅ-Z¤Å-mÅ-»Þm-¾ôm-HÛ-GmÅ-±ß¾im-GÅô-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛ-Bômü
amplyopia/
¤ÛG-IÛzü ¼z-¼Ûzü
¤ÛG-GÛ-hzP-qô¼-Bôm-¤ïh-q-¿e¼-ÇoP»P-¤fôP-ÁÝGÅ-Ÿm-qºÛ-Bômü
amulet
ÆâP-ºDô¼ü ÆâP-P.ü
mh-Ghôm-ÅôGÅ-¤Û-¤fÞm-qºÛ-º±ï-z¾Å-ÆâP-ŸÛP.ü ±ï-zÅôh-ÅôGÅ-¤fÞmqºÛ-Aïm-ºIâz-Vïh-Mãm-hÝ-¾ÞÅ-¾-zTPMãºÛ-‚Ûm-µÅü
amyotrophic
zÁ¾-mhü ºxïÅ-mhü
MãPÅ-z-Z¤Å-q-¾-zdïm-mÅ-‚ãP-zºÛ-¯h;¼-HÛ-mh-TÛG
anadipsia
Ç+ô¤-hh-Vï-zü
Ç+ô¤-q-ÁÛm-bà-Vï-zºÛ-mhü
anandria
wô-VôÅ-¤Û-¿km-qü
wô-¾ÛP-hP-D-Çtä-ÅôGÅ-wô-»Û-Eh-VôÅ-¤Û-
dysentry
amenia/ amenorrhea AMI heart attack (acute myocardial infraction)
anopsia
leteral sclerosis
Medicine & Astrology
Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅü
83
¿km-qü anaphia
¼ïG-±ô¼-Z¤Å-qü
¼ïG-‚-±ô¼-z-hP-ƒ¾-zü
anaphrodisia
¼ô-®-Z¤Å-qü
ºFÛG-uôh-ˆÛ-ºhÝm-q-Z¤Å-qºÛ-Bômü
anaplasia
Cm-HÛ-Pô-zôü
Cm-HÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü
anasmia
iÛ-±ô¼-Z¤Å-qü
Ço-»Û-iÛ-±ô¼-Ÿm-qº¤-Z¤Å-qü
andomia
Ço-ÁïÅ-Z¤Å-qü
Ço-»ÛÅ-iÛ-¤Û-±ô¼-zºÛ-Bômü
anemia
B-¡zü
¤FÛÅ-q-¤hPÅ-zNå¼-HÛ-‚ïh-¾ÅZ¤Å-Aïm-¸ÞPÅ-FG-GÛ-Ç~äG-ym-h¤¼qô-hï-BïÅ-q-¾-IPÅ-zTß-zŸÛ-hP-zÞh¤ïh-¾-zTß-GZÛÅ-¾Å-VïÅ-ZÝP-zºÛ-Bômü
anepia
PG-¿+ÝGÅ-qü
PG-GÛÅ-¬-zXôh-¤Û-fÞz-qü
aneuria
½ÀâP-¸hü
hzP-¯ºÛ-mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅ-¤Û-ºhP-zºÛ-Bômü
anginal pain
ljÛP-GÛ-½ÀâP-G¸ï¼ü
ƒP-GÛ-mÝ-G»ôm-ÇeïP-mÅ-¾G-G»ôm-PôÅÅÞ-Gmôm-z®Û¼-HÛÅ-Mã-zºÛ-½ÀâP-G¸ï¼ü
angitis
¯-GZmü
FG-¯ºÛ-GZm-Dü
animal sign
¾ô-dGÅü
¾ô-Åô-Åô-¤±ôm-‚ïh-ˆÛ-ÆôG-VGÅ-(‚Û-zmÅ-wG-z¼-zTß-GZÛÅ-qô-GP-¼ÞP.ü)
ankylosing
ÁÛP-¼ïPÅü
±ÛGÅ-GŸÛ¼-GZm-D-zMz-mÅ-¼ÞÅ-
spondylitis
Medicine & Astrology
Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅü
84
±ÛGÅ-ºGݾ-h;º-zü annular eclipse
GhÝz-º²Ûmü
¤Þ-Eãh-¿km-qºÛ-ZÛ-º²Ûmü ZÛ-¤ºÛ-hˆÛ¾ºDô¼-»ôPÅ-ÅÞ-zOÛzÅ-ˆP-¤fºÛ-¤Þ-EãhÇKô¼-¤ô¼-¤fôP-zºÛ-ZÛ-º²Ûm-‚ï-ƒG
anopsia
¤ÛG-G»ÞP.ü
¤ÛG-GÛÅ-G¸ÞGÅ-Gž-qô¼-¤Û-¤fôPzºÛ-Bômü
anorchism
¼ô-±ô¼-Z¤Å-qü D-¤P¾ü
¿Uï-»ÛÅ-ƒô-z-¤Û-±ô¼-zºÛ-Bômü
anorexia
»Û-G-ºVßÅ-qü
Åï¤Å-mh-h¤-½ÀâP-mh-ˆÛ-Aïm-qÅ-D-¸ÅˆÛ-hP-G-ºGG-qü
antares
pômü
Mã-Ç+¼-Zï¼-zhÝm-mP-GÛ-Ç+¼-EÛ¤-zTôzMh-qü
anthracosis
mG-µÅ-JÀô-mhü
mG-µÅ-ˆÛ-f¾-lݾ-mP-hÝ-Qâz-qºÛ-AïmHÛÅ-JÀô-z¼-GZm-D-MÅ-qü
anthrax
xãGÅ-mh-GZm-¼Û¤Åü
¯Ó-G¸m-ÆôG-VGÅ-ˆÛ-FG-Mãm-mP-mhÆÛm-h‚ã-GݺÛ-G¸ÞGÅ-Tm-ŸÝGÅ-qºÛ-Aïm¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-GZm-¼Û¤Å-±zÅ-Vïm-ŸÛG
antidote
1ü z¹ôG-¼Û¤ü 2ü GZïm-qôü
anxiety/
Åï¤Å-º±zü
1ü Pm-ºƒÅ-z¹ôG-fzÅ-ˆÛ-GZïm-qôºÛŸzÅ-¼Û¤-¤¤-zTôÅ-fzÅü 2ü ¾ÞÅ-ˆÛ-mP-hÝG-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-Gmôh-qºÛmÝÅ-q-z¹ôG-fÞz-qºÛ-µÅ-GP-»P¼ÞP-zü Åï¤Å-F¾-‚ãP-zºÛ-Aïm-HÛÅ-Åï¤Å-mP-
nervosa
Medicine & Astrology
Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅü
85
psychoanalysis
Zïm-D-hP-ºWÛGÅ-ÇPo -ü ¸ô¾-¤Û-zhï-zÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-hPPÅ-±zÅ-º‚ãP-zºÛ-½ÀâPmhü
aortitis
ljÛP-GÛ-ºw¼-¯ºÛ-GZm-±hü
ljÛP-GÛ-ºw¼-¯-G®ô-zô¼-GZm-D-MÅ-qü
aphagia
¤Ûh-h;º-zü
D-¸Å-¤Ûh-h;º-zºÛ-mhü
aphephobia
¼ïG-ºWÛGÅü
GŸm-HÛÅ-¼ïG-q¼-hôGÅ-qºÛ-ºWÛGÅÇoP.ü
aphthous
GTïmü
DºÛ-mP-hP-¤Vß-bô¼-Vß-¿KP-ºi-zºÛ-CPºzÞ¼-»P-»P-fôm-mhü
apoplexy
G¸º-IÛzü IÛz-Bômü
>Àh-q-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-FG-¯-¼¾-lô¾-‚ãP-AïmJÀô-zÞ¼-hÝ-hzP-¯-IÛz-mÅ-¼Û¾-zº¤zM¾-zºÛ-mhü
appendicitis
Mã-¿ËG-GZm-±hü
Mã-¿ËG-Q-¤¼-GZm-D-MÅ-qºÛ-Aïm-HÛűzÅ-Vï-zºÛ-mhü
apsithyria
hPPÅ-¿+ÝGÅü
hPPÅ-º±z-iG-qôÅ-PG-¿+ÝGÅ-bï-¬zXôh-¤Û-fÞz-qü
apsychia
zM¾-zü ºzôG-qü
½ÀâP-mh-iG-qôÅ-im-q-Z¤Å-qü
aquari
¤ôm-Iâ
aquarius
zÞ¤-qü
Mã-Ç+¼-Zï¼-zhÝm-mP-GÛ-Ç+¼-EÛ¤-Zï¼zŸÛ-qü hÝÅ-¢ô¼-zTß-GTÛG-q-Çeïü ZÛ-¤ºÛ-EÛ¤-
stomatitis (canker sores)
Medicine & Astrology
Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅü
86
Mãh-ˆÛ-G¸º-zTߺÛ-Mã-¾¤-zTß-GTÛG-qzÞ¤-qºÛ-EÛ¤-hÝ-Åômü arcturus
Å-¼Ûü
Mã-Ç+¼-Zï¼-zhÝm-mP-GÛ-Ç+¼-EÛ¤-zTô-¿Sqü
aries
¾ÞG
hÝÅ-¢ô¼-hP-qô-Çïeü ZÛ-¤-ÅôGÅ-G¸ºzTߺÛ-Mã-¾¤-hP-qô-¾ÞG-GÛ-EÛ¤ü
arietic
f-Ç+¼ü
Mã-Ç+¼-Zï¼-zhÝm-mP-GÛ-Ç+¼-EÛ¤-hP-qôü
artery
ºw¼-¯ü
ljÛP-D¤Å-mÅ-¾ÞÅ-»ôPÅ-¾-º±ô-½ÀâPxãG-qºÛ-¸ÞPÅ-FG-Bï¾-ºiïm-‚ïh-qºÛFG-¯ü
arthralgia
±ÛGÅ-G¸ï¼ü
qÞÅ-¤ô-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-GZm-D-¤ïh-qºÛ-±ÛGÅGŸÛºÛ-m-¸ÞG
arthritis
Iâ¤-zÞü cï¤ü
±ÛGÅ-GŸÛ¼-GZm-D-MÅ-mÅ-CPÅ-qhP-ºIô-zBôh-h;º-zºÛ-mhü
arthrosclerosis
±ÛGÅ-HôP.ü
h¤ÛGÅ-zž-¾ô-m-LÅ-Ç+zÅ-º‚ãPzºÛ-¯-MãÅ-hP-FG-¯-¤FïGÅ-ºHã¼HÛÅ-ºGݾ-zBôh-h;º-zºÛ-mhü
Ascendant
ºV¼-EÛ¤ü
¾ÞÅ-Ť-BïÅ-qºÛ-Åü hÝÅ-¢ô¼-Å-¤¾hP-qôü
ascending node
O-GTmü
O-Tm-GhôP-P¤-¼×-Èàü
of moon
Medicine & Astrology
87
Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅü
asthma
hzÞGÅ-¤Û-zhï-zü
JÀô-mh-hzÞGÅ-¤Û-zhï-zºÛ-Çôeh-hÝ-º±PzºÛ-mhü
astrologer
Ç+¼-¯ÛÅ-qü
G¸º-Ç+¼-¾-hrh-hï-Bï-zôºÛ-zhï-ÇkÝGºƒÅ-zÞ-¾ÞP-hÝ-Çeôm-¤Dmü
astrology
Ç+¼-¯ÛÅü
G¸º-Ç+¼-HÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-¾-GŸÛGÅ-bïºIô-zºÛ-zhï-ÇkÝG-zdG-qºÛ-¼ÛG-qü
astronomer
Gm¤-¼ÛG-Ç+¼-hrh-qü
ZÛ-¹-G¸º-Ç+¼-ÅôGÅ-¾-zdG-hrhh¤-ÇÀôz-¢ôP-‚ïh-¤Dmü
astronomy
Gm¤-¼ÛG-Ç+¼-hrhü G¸º-Ç+¼-hrh-¼ÛG
ZÛ-¹-G¸º-Ç+¼-ÅôGÅ-¾-zdG-qºÛ-¼ÛGqü
atactitia
¼ïG-±ô¼-Z¤Å-qü
¼ïG-qºÛ-±ô¼-z-Z¤Å-qºÛ-Bômü
atherosclerosis
ºw¼-¯-HôP-qôü
FG-¯-¤FïGÅ-qô¼-Hã¼-qºÛ-mhü
audiogenic
O-zM¾ü
½ÀâP-mh-Tm-HÛÅ-O-ÁÝGÅ-Vïm-qô-fôÅ-q¾-zdïm-mÅ-‚ãP-zºÛ-zM¾-ºzôG
auspicious
z=-ÁÛÅ-qºÛü hGï-zºÛü
G¸º-Ǽ+ -ÅôGÅ-hGï-zºÛü dGÅ-dïmºƒï¾-z¸P-qôü
autism
¼P-G»ïPÅü
uÛ-hP-¤Û-¤fÞm-qºÛ-Åï¤Å-VïÅ-mP-hÝxôGÅ-ÁÛP.ü xÛºÛ-»Þ¾-¾-¤Û-ºWâG-q¼mP-GÛ-h¤ÛGÅ-q-¾-Åï¤Å-Gbh-±ß¾ü
Autum equinox
Çeôm-ZÛm-¤±m-¤Z¤-qü
Çeôm-hÝÅ-ZÛm-¤±m-GZÛÅ-¼ÛP-fÞP-¤Z¤-
seizure
Medicine & Astrology
Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅü
88
qºÛ-hÝÅü xÛ-¹-9±ïÅ-23ü avitaminosis
ÇeôzÅ-Bïh-¸h-mhü
azoospermia
Å-zôm-Z¤Å-qü ¼ô-®-Z¤Å-qü wôºÛ-DÞ-zºÛ-mP-Å-zôm-¤ïh-qü
baby blues
£æ¤-¤ºÛ-Bô-ÇoP.ü
£æ¤-¤ºÛ-GmÅ-Ç+zÅ-ÅÞ-Ç+zÅ-¼ï-º‚ãPzºÛ-Åï¤Å-P¾-¾¤-Bô-ÇoP.ü
bacillary
h‚ãG-G¸ÞGÅ-y-ÆÛm-HÛü
ÁÛm-bà-y-zºÛ-h‚ãG-G¸ÞGÅ-y-ÆÛm-hPºƒï¾-zºÛü
bacillemia
h‚ãG-G¸ÞGÅ-FG-ÆÛmü
FG-GÛ-mP-ÁÛm-bà-y-zºÛ-h‚ãG-G¸ÞGÅy-ÆÛm-ŸÝGÅ-qºÛ-Bômü
bacilluria
h‚ãG-G¸ÞGÅ-GTÛm-ÆÛmü
GTÛm-qºÛ-mP-ÁÛm-bà-y-zºÛ-h‚ãGG¸ÞGÅ-y-¤ô-ŸÝGÅ-qºÛ-Bômü
backache
¼ô-Mz-G¸ï¼ü
¼ô-Çeôh-hP-Mz-GŸÝP-GÛ-¸ÞG-G¸ï¼ü
bacteremia
FG-ÆÛmü
FG-mP-GÛ-mh-ÆÛm-y-¤ôü
bacteria
y-ÆÛmü
ÁÛm-bà-y-zºÛ-Bï-¿kmü
bacterial
ljÛP-BÛºÛ-GZm-±hü
mh-ºzÞ-y-¤ôÅ-Aïm-qºÛ-ljÛP-GÛ-mP-ÁÝm¾-GZm-D-MÅ-qºÛ-mhü
GTÛm-ÆÛmü
GTÛm-HÛ-mh-ÆÛm-y-¤ôü
endocarditis bacteriuria
ÇeôzÅ-Bïh-ˆÛ-¸Å-zTßh-¤-ºhP-z-¾Å‚ãP-zºÛ-mhü
Medicine & Astrology
Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅü
89
bag of water
¤Gô-Vßü
¤P¾-GmÅ-yâ-GÝ-¿ÛPk -źÛ-GÁï¼-µÅü
bagassosis
JÀô-mhü
JÀô-zºÛ-mhü
balantitis
¤±m-bôG-GZm-Dü
wô-¤±m-hP-‚-¾ïºÛ-¯ï¼-GZm-D-MÅ-qü
balbuties
hÛG-qü
¼P-ºzz-bà-¬-zXôh-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛ-¿Ëm-BïňÛ-PG-Bômü
baldness
uÛ-fï¼ü
¤Gô-zô-¾-C-¤ïh-qºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü
ballistocardiogram
ljÛP-ºGݾ-¼Û-¤ôü
ljÛP-GÛ-ºw¼-¿kÛP-¾-zdïm-qºÛ-¾ÞÅ-ˆÛG»ô-ºGݾ-HÛ-¼Û-¤ôü
ballooning
¿KP-qü hGP-qü
¾ÞÅ-ˆÛ-¯-hP-Mã-¤-ÅôGÅ-Çoôh-DôG-ÇeôP¼ÛGÅ-¿KP-wÞG-¿e¼-z;P-zü
barium
zïï-¼Û-»¤ü
hÝG-ÁÅ-Vï-zºÛ-¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-D¤Å-µÅÁÛG
barren
¼zÅ-Vhü
zÞ-yâG-Bï-ºwï¾-HÛ-mÝÅ-q-¤ïh-qºÛü
betelgeuse
¾G
Mã-Ç+¼-Zï¼-zhÝm-mP-GÛ-Ç+¼-EÛ¤-iâG-qü
billistophobia
NôGÅ-ºWÛGÅü
¤ï-ÁÝGÅ-ºwÞ¼-¤h¼-ÁÛm-bà-ºWÛGÅhPPÅü
birth chart
±ï-¼zÅ-¾Å-¯ÛÅü
z®Å-hÝÅ-ˆÛ-¾ô-¹-ŸG-hÝÅ-hP-G¸ºÇ+¼-ÅôGÅ-¾-zÇ+ô¼-qºÛ-¯ÛÅü
Medicine & Astrology birth
90
Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅü
BïÅ-Ç+¼ü
GP-¸G-TÛG-BïÅ-ZÛm-HÛ-¹-Ǽ+ -ÇïePºhÅ-h‚ãGÅ-ˆÛ-‚-z-‚Å-¸Ûm-qºÛ-Ç+¼±ôGÅü
bone marrow
@P.¤¼ü
¼ÞÅ-qºÛ-ÇeôP-VºÛ-mP-hÝ-»ôh-qºÛ-µÅ¤Zïm-¤ô-FG-GÛ-y-wÞP-z¸ô-ºhôm-mÝÅ-qŸÛG
breath
hzÞGÅ-»Þmü
BïÅ-zÞ-mh-¤ïh-GTÛG-GÛ-hzÞGÅ-º‚ÛmQâz-fïPÅ-GTÛG-GÛ-»Þm-hP-Vß-±ôh-Ç+¼V-zŸÛ-¤Z¤ü ºhÛ-zôh-ˆÛ-Ǽ+ -¯ÛżÛG-qºÛ-hÝÅ-±ôh-z¯Û-fzÅ-ˆÛ-GŸÛ-»P»Ûmü
bright half of
¹-zºÛ-»¼-Pô-ü h;¼-xôGÅü
¹-zºÛ-h;¼-V-ºwï¾-zºÛ-hÝÅü zôh±ïÅ- 1 mÅ- 15 z¼ü
cadent
ÍÞ-q-®ü
hÝÅ-¢ô¼-GmÅ-¤¾-GÅÞ¤ü iâG hGÝhP-zTß-GZÛÅ-¾-¸ï¼ü
calender
¾ô-fôü ¹-fôü ¯ÛG-ºGï¾-¾ôfôü
¾ô-GTÛG-GÛ-¹-z-hP-±ïÅ-IPÅ-V-±PºDôh-qºÛ-¾ô-fô-ÁôG-AP-¤º¤-ÁôG-zÞºGº-»ôh-qü ÁÝGÅ-Vï¼-¯ÛG-q¼hG¾-MãºÛ-¾ô-fô-È-TP-zÇkÝÅ-q-ŸÛG
cancer
;@‡ü
hÝÅ-¢ô¼-zŸÛ-q-Çïeü ZÛ-¤-ÅôGÅ-G¸ºzTߺÛ-Mã-¾¤-zŸÛ-q-;@‡ºÛ-EÛ¤ü
capricon
Vß-ÆÛmü
hÝÅ-¢ô¼-zTß-q-Çeïü ZÛ-¤ºÛ-EÛ¤-Mãh-ˆÛG¸º-zTߺÛ-Mã-¾¤-zTß-q-Vß-ÆÛm-HÛ-
constellation
the moon
Medicine & Astrology
Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅü
91
EÛ¤ü cardinal signs
G»ô-zºÛ-EÛ¤ü
GmÅ-¤¾-zTß-GZÛÅ-ˆÛ-mP-mÅ-¾ÞGhP-ü ;@‡ü ÆP.ü Vß-ÆÛm-bï-G»ôzºÛ-EÛ¤-zŸÛü
cardinals
;-z-zŸÛü
EÛ¤-zTß-GZÛÅ-ˆÛ-hP-qô-¾ÞG-hP.ü zŸÛq-;@‡ü zhÝm-q-ÆP.ü zTß-q-Vß-ÆÛmzTÅ-xôGÅ-zŸÛºÛ-EÛ¤-zŸÛü
cardiologist
ljÛP-GÛ-Ǩm-qü
ljÛP-mh-¼ÛG-qºÛ-Vïh-¾Å-q-ŸÛG-Çeïü ljÛP-GÛ-mh-¼ÛGÅ-hP.ü Iâz-Vü ‚ïh¾Å-zTÅ-¾-¤DÅ-qºÛ-Vïh-¾Å-Ǩm-qü
carpal
¾G-¤GôºÛ-¼ÞÅ-qü sm-¯ïºÛ-¼ÞÅ-qü
¾G-¤GôºÛ-¤FÛG-±ÛGÅ-ˆÛ-¼ÞÅ-q-VßPPÞ-zMhü
cartilage
Fâ¤-¼ÞÅü
n-z-hP-Ç-o ¯ï-ÅôG-¯ïü ¿Ë-¼Þ-¯ïü ±ÛGÅ-ˆÛ-¤Gô-ÅôGÅ-¾-»ôh-qºÛ-¼ÞÅqºÛ-V-ÁÅ-¿kï¤-V-Tmü
castor
M¾ü
Mã-Ç+¼-Zï¼-zhÝm-mP-GÛ-Ç+¼-EÛ¤-zMhqü
celestial bodies
z¼-ÇoP-GÛ-wÞP-qôü
m¤-¤Dº-¾-GmÅ-qºÛ-ZÛ-¹-G¸º-Ç+¼ÅôGÅü
cervide
¤WÛP-¼ÞÅü
±ÛGÅ-¤D¼-zhÝm-¾Å-Iâz-qºÛ-ÇK¾±ÛGÅ-ˆÛ-»¼-Çoï-Çeïü ¤WÛP-±ÛGÅ-ˆÛ¼ÞÅ-qü
vertebra
Medicine & Astrology
92
Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅü
chronology
zÇem-¯ÛÅü
¾ÞP-dôGÅ-ˆÛ-zÇem-q-º²Ûm-qºÛ-BïÅ-Vïmh¤-q-n¤Å-hÝÅ-m¤-±ôh-¾-‚ôm-q-hPhôm-Vïm-‚ãP-hÝÅ-ˆÛ-¾ô-hÝÅ-ÇS-xÛ-Gô-¼Û¤zÇem-qºÛ-hÅÝ -¯ÅÛ ü
clavicle
OôG-¼ÞÅü
ÅôG-¼ÞÅ-ˆÛ-¤hÝm-PôÅ-G»Å-G»ôm-hÝyG-q-mÅ-Ç+ï-ÇeïP-z¼-ºyïh-hÝ-GmÅqºÛ-¼ÞÅ-q-m¼-¤ôü
clockwise
mP-Ç+ô¼ü
Ç+ô¼-z-G»Å-xôGÅ-ÅÞ-ºDô¼-zºÛü
coccyx
GŸÝG-VßP.ü
ÇK¾-±ÛGÅ-ˆÛ-¤-ÇoïºÛ-¼ÞÅ-q-¶-GhôP¸ï¼-z-hïºôü
comet
Ç+¼-¤-hÝ-z-¤WâG-¼ÛP.ü
ºhÛºÛ-dG-qºÛ-¾ôPÅ-uôh-ZÛ-¤-hP¤±ßPÅ-ˆP-ºIôÅ-¯ô¤-q-¼Û¤-q¼-ZÛ¤ºÛ-¤hÝm-hP.ü ¼Û¤-¤Ûm-¾-ZÛ-¤ºÛMz-bà-¤fôP-z¼-ºHã¼ü
compatibility
zG-¯ÛÅü ¤fÞm-¯ÛÅü
wô-¤ô-GZÛÅ-ˆÛ-BïÅ-¾ô-¹-±ïÅ-GŸÛ¼z¸ÞP-wm-±ßm-¤fÞm-¾¤-zdG-qºÛ-¯ÛÅü
constellation
Mã-Ǽ+ ü Ç+¼-EÛ¤ü
EÛ¤-zTß-GZÛÅ-ˆÛ-Gô-»Þ¾-»ôPÅ-µôGÅV-ljô¤Å-ZÛ-ÁÝ-¯-zhÝm-hÝ-zGôÅ-qºÛ-V-¼ï¼ï-mÛ-Mã-Ç+¼-¼ï-¼ïºÛ-»Þm-hP-Mã-Ç+¼-¼ï¼¯ÛÅ-ˆÛ-±ßôh-iâG-Tß-f¤-q-»ôhü
constellation
Mã-Ǽ+ -@P-qü @P-qü
Mã-Ǽ+ -¼ï¼-@P-q-zŸÛ-¼ï-hP.ü EÛ¤¼ï¼-@P-q-hGÝ-»ôh-qÅü Mã-Ǽ+ -Zï¼zhÝm-¾-Eôm-zÇkô¤Å-@P-q-zM-hP-
chart
feet
Medicine & Astrology
Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅü
93
zMhü EÛ¤-ŸG 360 »ôhü coronal suture
¤±ôG-¤ºÛ-ºhÝÅ-Åôü
dark half of the
¹-zºÛ-h¤¼-xôGÅü ¤¼-Pô.ü ¹-zºÛ-h¤¼-V-ºwï¾-zºÛ-hÝÅü zôh±ïÅ- 16 mÅ- 30 z¼ü
moon
¤Gô-zôºÛ-¤±ôG-¤ºÛ-¼ÞÅ-qºÛ-ÆâzÅ-Ť¤fÞh-¤±¤Åü
day
1ü ZÛm-ŸG 2ü ZÛm-¤ôü
1ü ±ßôh- 24 zhG-ZÛh-ˆÛ-hÝÅ-»Þmü 2ü m¤-¾PÅ-mÅ-ZÛ-¤-¤-mÝz-z¼-HÛhÝÅ-±ôhü
delphinus
hzôü
Mã-Ç+¼-Zï¼-zhÝm-mP-GÛ-Ç+¼-EÛ¤-zTßGZÛÅ-qü
denebola
¤ôm-Iïü
Mã-Ç+¼-Zï¼-zhÝm-mP-GÛ-Ç+¼-EÛ¤-Zï¼GÅÞ¤-qü
descending
;ï-bàü
O-GTm-¤WâG-¤º¤-;ï-bàü
direction
xôGÅü D-xôGÅü
GmÅ-qº¤-Mã-zºÛ-xôGÅü
directional
xôGÅ-ˆÛ-ÇeôzÅü
xôGÅ-PïÅ-Tm-HÛ-ÇôezÅ-bïü ZÛ-ÅPÅh¤¼-qô-¼×-Èà-Çtïmü ü¹-¿ËG-wÞ¼-zÞ-¼Û¤q-zŸÛmü üÁ¼-mÅ-hzP-¿mk -¤f¼-fÞGq¼ü üz;ôh-q-¼P-xôGÅ-ÇôezÅ-¿mk ºHã¼ü
Mã-Åô¼-zTß-GZÛÅ-¤ü ¸PÅ-
wô-zºÛ-GŸÝG-hP-Mã-¤ºÛ-Çeôh-GZÛÅ-z¼-
node of moon
strength
duodenum
Medicine & Astrology
94
Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅü
±GÅ-¾Þ-GݺÛ-¤Gô
HÛ-ºƒï¾-¤±¤Å-¾-¸ï¼-bïü hïÅ-¸ÅÇ+ô¤-¥GÅ-zŸÝ-‚Å-q-n¤Å-xÛ¼-GbôPŸÛP-hï-¤Ûm-ÆâP-z¼-‚ïh-hôü
earth
Å-GŸÛü º‚ãP-z-Åü
¼P-TG-GmÅ-qºÛ-Å-GŸÛ-Vïm-qô-hP.ü º‚ãP-z-zŸÛº¤-¿SºÛ-»-H¾-Åü
eclipse
G¸º-º²Ûmü
ZÛ-¹-G¸º-º²Ûm-bïü ZÛ-º²Ûm-hP-¹º²Ûmü
element
º‚ãP-zü D¤Åü
uÛ¼-º‚ãP-z-Vïm-qô-Å-Vß-¤ï-½ÀâP-zŸÛhP.ü º‚ãP-¯ÛÅ-¾ÞGÅ-ˆÛ-ÁÛP-¤ï-Å¿UGÅ-Vß-¿S-hP.ü Ç+¼-¯ÛÅ-¾ÞGÅ-ˆÛÅ-Vß-¤ï-½ÀâP-m¤-¤Dº-hP-¿S.ü
elemental
º‚ãP-¯ÛÅü mG-¯ÛÅü
º‚ãP-z-ÁÛP-¤ï-Å-¿UGÅ-Vß-¿SºÛ-D¤Å¾-zdïm-mÅ-¾ô-¹-ŸG-hÝÅ-hP.ü ÆôG-¾ÞÅ-hzP-fP->ÀâP-d-ÅôGÅ-z¯ÛzºÛ-¯ÛÅ-ˆÛ-¾ÞGÅü
equator
źÛ-Gô-¾ºÛ-hˆÛ¾-fÛG @ïhfÛG
źÛ-Gô-¾-¿Ëô-‚P-GÛ-V-GZÛÅ-ÅÞ-xï-zºÛhzÞÅ-ˆÛ-dôG-zdGÅ-ˆÛ-fÛG
equinox
ZÛm-¤±m-¤Z¤-hÝÅü
hrÛh-hP-Çeôm-ZÛm-¤±m-¤Z¤-qºÛ-hÝÅü
esophagus
¤Ûh-qü
¤Ûh-q-mÅ-wô-z¼-¤fÞh-qºÛ-¸Å-Ç+ô¤-Mãz¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-¾¤ü
even signs
¤Z¤-EÛ¤ü
V-IPÅ-ˆÛ-EÛ¤-Çïeü ¤ô-EÛ¤ü JÀP.ü ;@‡ü zÞôü ÇkÛG Vß-ÆÛmü Zü
astrology
Medicine & Astrology external
Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅü
95
n-¾¤-xÛ-¤ºÛ-ÇKôü
xÛ-PôÅ-mÅ-O-ºWâG-źÛ-n-z-xÛ-¤ºÛ-zÞ-G
fate
zÇ+ôÅ-fP.ü
¾Å-ˆÛ-zÇ+ôÅ-fP.ü
fathom
wï-ºhô¤ü
wÞ-Fâ-iâG-GÛ-±hü
femur
z½À-@P-¼ÞÅ-qü
hrÛ-¤Gô-mÅ-qÞÅ-±ÛGÅ-z¼-HÛ-@P.¼ÞÅü
fibula
Xï-P¼-¼ÞÅ-q-VßP-zü
@P-qºÛ-P¼-GhôP-GÛ-xÛ-PôÅ-ˆÛ-¼ÞÅ-qü
fixed signs
zdm-EÛ¤ü
JÀP.ü ÅïP.ü ÇkÛG zÞ¤-zTÅ-¤ÛºHã¼-zdm-qºÛ-EÛ¤-zŸÛü
foe
hI hI-¹ü
ŸÛP-zhG-G¸º-»Û-hI
foramen
¿eG-¼ÞÅ-DÞP-zÞü
MãPÅ-qºÛ-Mã-¾¤-HÛ-zÞ-GÝ
friend
IôGÅü
ŸÛP-zhG-G¸º-»Û-IôGÅü
frontal bone
hs¾-¼ÞÅü
¤ÛG-»m-Vh-hP-C-¤±¤Å-¤m-Vh-ˆÛhs¾-zºÛ-¼ÞÅ-qü
full moon
¹-z-Z-GP.ü Z-MÅ-¹-zü
¹-z-V-»ôPÅ-ÅÞ-D-GP-z-Çeï-±ïÅ-zTô¿SºÛ-¹-zü
galaxy
hGÝ-±ÛGÅ-B-¤ôü
Ç+¼-±ôGÅ-Å-»-¤P-qô-ºhÝÅ-q-m¤¤DºÛ-ºyïh-¾¤-hÝ-B-¿Ë¤-¤ï¼-ÇoP-zºÛ¤-¾G
acoustic meatus
magnum
Medicine & Astrology
96
Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅü
gemini
ºFÛG-qü
hÝÅ-¢ô¼-GÅÞ¤-q-Çïeü ZÛ-¤ºÛ-EÛ¤-Mãh-ˆÛG¸º-zTߺÛ-Mã-¾¤-GÅÞ¤-qü
gregorian
»Û-ÁݺÛ-¾ô-fôü
xÛ-¾ô- 1582 ¾ô-mÅ-z¸ÞP-mÝz-xôGňÛ-¾ô-fô-¯Û-Æô¾ü
hemisphere
xïh-Gô-¾ü
źÛ-Gô-¾ºÛ-hˆÛ¾-fÛG-mÅ-¿Ëô-‚P-GÛhݤ-zÞ-GZÛÅ-ÅÞ-zGôÅ-qºÛ-Vº¤-Eômü
hour
Vß-±ôhü
¯ÛÅ-ˆÛ-Vß-ÆP-iâG-Tß-¾-Vß-±ôh-GTÛG-Çeïü ZÛm-ŸG-GTÛG-¾-±ôÝh- 60 hP-¾GºDô¼-Ǽ+ -V- 60 ¾-±ßôh- 1 ÇeïZÛm-ŸG 1 ¾-±ßôh- 24 z¯Û-ÇPe Åü
house of
¤Û-hGï-ÁÛm-bà-mÝz-qºÛ-EÛ¤ü
G¸ºÛ-z¸P-xôGÅ-ˆÛ-mÝÅ-ÇeôzÅ-Ÿm-qºÛhÝÅ-bï-wÞ¼-zÞ-¿e-zÞ¼-hqï-¤±ôm-mü ¼PGÛ-ÇeôzÅ-¿km-EÛ¤-;@‡ºÛ-fh-z¿eÅ-ˆÛEÛ¤-Vß-ÆÛm-mP-GmÅ-q-¾ºôü
exaltation
hGï-ŸÛP-ÇeôzÅ-hP-¿km-qºÛEÛ¤ü
G¸ºÛ-z¸P-xôGÅ-ˆÛ-mÝÅ-q-Vï¼-MÅ-qºÛhÝÅ-bïü hqï¼-mü wÞ¼-zÞ-;@‡ºÛ-EÛ¤mP-GmÅ-q-¿e-zÞºôü
humerus
hqÞP-@P.ü
ÅôG-q-hP-hqÞP-¼ÞÅ-ºƒï¾-¤±¤Å-mÅIâ-±ÛGÅ-z¼-HÛ-hqÞP-P¼-HÛ-¼ÞÅ-qü
hydrae
Ç+G
Mã-Ç+¼-Zï¼-zhÝm-mP-GÛ-Ç+¼-EÛ¤-hGÝ-qü
Jupiter
G¸º-wÞ¼-zÞü
ZÛ-¤ºÛ-EÛ¤-Mãh-ˆÛ-G¸º-Ç+¼-Vï-ÁôÅü ¯ÛÅ-¾ÞGÅ-G¸º-hGݺÛ-mP-GÛ-¿S-qü
calender
debilitation
house of
Medicine & Astrology
Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅü
97
G¸º-¿ºS Û-iG-G¸º-GÅÞ¤-HÛ-mP-mÅGTÛG kalachakra
hÝÅ-ˆÛ-ºDô¼-¾ôü
hq¾-hÝÅ-ˆÛ-ºDô¼-¾ôü Mãh-hP-zÇkÝÅ-Mãhü
kaus-australis
Vß-Çeôhü
Mã-Ç+¼-Zï¼-zhÝm-HÛ-Ç+¼-EÛ¤-ZÛ-ÁÝ-qü
lamdoid suture
¿eG-qºÛ-M-ÆâzÅü
¤Gô-zôºÛ-uÛ-zôºÛ-¼ÞÅ-q-hP-¿eG-qºÛ-¼ÞÅqºÛ-hz¼-HÛ-ÆâzÅ-Ť-¤fÞh-¤±¤Åü
latitude
ºyïh-fÛG
fÛG-h¤¼-mÅ-¿Ëô-‚P-GP-¼ÞP-GÛ-ºyïhˆÛ-MP-fG
leap year
¾ô-zÁô¾ü
xÛ-¾ÞGÅ-ˆÛ-zÁô¾-¾ô-bïü ¾ô-zŸÛ-¼ïºÛ¤±¤Å-xÛ-¹-GZÛÅ-qºÛ-mP-ZÛm-IPÅZï¼-zMh-±z-bà-Zï¼-hGÝ-ºôP-zºÛ-¾ôü
left channel
AP-¤ü
G»ôm-AP-¤-Çeï-¹-zºÛ-½ÀâP-Mã-zºÛ-¾¤ü
length
¼ÛP-±hü
ZÛm-¤±m-¼ÛP-fÞP-GÛ-±hü ZÛm-±hü ¤±m-±hü
leo
ÅïP-Gï
hÝÅ-¢ô¼-¿S-q-Çeïü ZÛ-¤ºÛ-EÛ¤-Mãh-ˆÛG¸º-zTߺÛ-Mã-¾¤-¿S-q-ÅïP-GïºÛ-EÛ¤ü
libra
ÆP.ü
hÝÅ-¢ô¼-zhÝm-q-Çeïü ZÛ-¤ºÛ-EÛ¤-MãhˆÛ-G¸º-zTߺÛ-Mã-¾¤-zhÝm-q-ÆP-GÛEÛ¤ü
hÝÅ-ºDô¼-¯-
Medicine & Astrology
98
Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅü
local time
Å-GmÅ-ˆÛ-±ßôhü
¼P-ZÛh-GmÅ-ź¤-Gbm-GŸÛÅ-‚ïh»Þ¾-Å-GmÅ-ˆÛ-hÝÅ-º²Ûm-±ßôhü
longitude
GŸÝP-fÛG
źÛ-Gô-¾ºÛ-±PÅ-fÛG-mÅ-Á¼-hP-mÝzbà-z¯Û-zºÛ-MP-Hïhü
lord
zhG-G¸ºü
EÛ¤-¤¤-G¸º-Ç+¼-Åô-ÅôºÛ-zhG-qô-Çeïü ¾ÞG-hP-ÇkÛG-qºÛ-zhG-qô-¤ÛG-h¤¼»Ûm-q-¿e-zÞü
lumber
@ïh-±ÛGÅü
Mz-PôÅ-ÇK¾-GŸÝP-¤m-hP-¤±P-¼ÞÅ»m-HÛ-¤D¼-±ÛGÅ-¿S-»ôh-qºÛ-ÇK¾±ÛGÅ-ˆÛ-V-ÁÅü
lunar month
±ïÅ-¹ü
¹-zºÛ-ºwï¾-ºIÛz-¾-GŸÛ-zTô¾-zºÛ±ïÅ-GTÛG-mÅ-Gm¤-GP-z¼-HÛ-hÝÅ»Þmü ¼GÅ-q¼-ŸG-Zï¼-hGÝ-hP-xïhü
mandible
¤-¤G¾-¼ÞÅ-qü
ºI¤-qºÛ-¼ÞÅ-q-ÇeïP-Áôh-GZÛÅ-ˆÛ-ºôG¤ü
Mars
¤ÛG-h¤¼ü
ZÛ-¤ºÛ-EÛ¤-Mãh-ˆÛ-G¸º-GÅÞ¤-q-hP-ü ¯ÛÅ-¾ÞGÅ-G¸º-¿SºÛ-Ç+zÅ-iG-G¸ºGÅÞ¤-HÛ-mP-mÅ-GTÛG
mastoid
n-¿eG-¼ÞÅ-ºzÞ¼ü
n-zºÛ-Mz-PôÅ-ÅÞ-»ôh-qºÛ-¼ÞÅ-q-mÝ-¯ïºÛh‚ÛzÅ-¿e-zÞü
»-¤G¾-¼ÞÅ-qü
ºI¤-qºÛ-ÇeïP-Áôh-GZÛÅ-ˆÛ-ÇeïP-¤ü
vertebra
process maxilla
Medicine & Astrology
Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅü
99
mental foramen
¤-¤G¾-DÞP-zÞü
¤-¾ïºÛ-¼ÞÅ-qºÛ-ÇïeP-GÛ-zÞ-G
Mercury
¿ËG-qü
ZÛ-¤ºÛ-EÛ¤-Mãh-ˆÛ-G¸º-hGݺÛ-zhÝm-qhP.ü ¯ÛÅ-¾ÞGÅ-G¸º-¿ºS Û-Çz+ Å-ŸÛG¸º-GZÛÅ-mÅ-GTÛG
metacarpal
¾G-¤fÛ¾-¼ÞÅ-qü
¾G-qºÛ-¤FÛG-±ÛGÅ-hP-Åô¼-¤ôºÛ-¼ÞÅqºÛ-¤fÞh-¤±¤Å-ˆÛ-¼ÞÅ-q-m¼-¤ô-¿Sü
@P-¤fÛ¾-¼ÞÅ-qü
@P-qºÛ-zô¾-±ÛGÅ-hP-Åô¼-¤ôºÛ-¼ÞÅqºÛ-¤fÞh-¤±¤Å-ˆÛ-¼ÞÅ-q-¿Sü
Monday
G¸º-¹-zü
¼ïÅ-¾-ºV¼-zºÛ-G¸º-zhÝm-mP-GÛGZÛÅ-qü
month
¹-zü
¾ô-GTÛG-GÛ-hÝÅ-»Þm-V-zTß-GZÛÅ-ÅÞzGôÅ-qºÛ-V-GTÛG hï¼-ZÛm-ŸG-GÛ-¹z-hP-ü ±ïÅ-¹ü EÛ¤-¹-zTÅ-GÅÞ¤hÝ-»ôhü
moon sign
¹-EÛ¤ü
z®º-hÝÅ-ÅÞ-¹-z-GP-m-GmÅ-qºÛ-EÛ¤zTß-GZÛÅ-GP-¼ÞP.ü
motion
G¸ºÛ-zIôh-qü
G¸ºÛ-zIôh-qºÛ-¥ã¼-±hü hï¼-h¾¥ã¼-GZÛÅ-hP-¼P-ºIôÅ-zTÅ-GÅÞ¤»ôhü
Mount Meru
¼Û-M¾-¿Ëàm-qôü ¼Û-¼zü
¤Pôm-q-¤²ôh-mÅ-zÁh-q-¿¼e -mü JÀÛPzŸÛ-hP.ü JÀÛP-ym-zMhü M-¤±ô-Vïmqô-zŸÛü ZÛ-¹-G¸º-Ǽ+ -hP-zTÅ-qºÛºWÛG-dïm-HÛ-hzÞÅ-ÅÞ-GmÅ-qºÛ-¼Û-M¾-
bones metatarsal bones
(Su-meru)
Medicine & Astrology
Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅü
100
¿Ëàm-qôü moveable signs
G»ô-EÛ¤ü
¾ÞG-hP.ü ;@‡ü ÆP.ü Vß-ÆÛmzTÅ-G»ô-zºÛ-EÛ¤-zŸÛü
muscle
Á-Gmhü
¾ÞÅ-ˆÛ-¯ô¾-mÝÅ-Bïh-q¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-wÞPIâzü
nasal bone
Ço-¼ÞÅü
Ço-zÞG-G»Å-G»ôm-HÛ-GŸÛ-dïm-¼ÞÅ-qü
occipital bone
¿eG-¼ÞÅü
¤Gô-zôºÛ-¿eG-Mz-ˆÛ-¼ÞÅ-q-ºzÞ¼-qôü
orbit
¤ÛG-ºzô¼-¼ÞÅ-qü
¤ÛG-ºƒÅ-GmÅ-»Þ¾-HÛ-¼ÞÅ-Oô¤-;ôP;ôP-ü
palatine bone
@m-¼ÞÅü
D-»Û-mP-PôÅ-»-@m-HÛ-¼ÞÅ-qü
pancreas
GÁï¼-¤ü ¤ï-GmÅü
wô-zºÛ-Mz-PôÅ-ÅÞ-GmÅ-qºÛ-ºW¤-¤ZïmÇ~äzÅ-h‚ÛzÅ-Tm-HÛ-hzP-dïm-ÍÛm-TÛiâG-®¤-¿km-q-ŸÛG
parietal bone
fôh-¼ÞÅü
¤Gô-zôºÛ-uÛ-G®ßG-hP-hïºÛ-G»Å-G»ômHÛ-¼ÞÅ-qü
patella
¿Ë-P.ü
qÞÅ-±ÛGÅ-ÇeïP-DïzÅ-GTôh-¿e¼-GmÅqºÛ-¼ÞÅ-q-ÇKô¼-¾ïzü
pelvis
hrÛ-¼ÞÅü ¤±P-¼ü
hrÛ-¤GôºÛ-¼ÞÅ-q-hP-¤±P-¼ÞÅü GŸÝG-VßP-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-uÛ-¤ÛP.ü
Medicine & Astrology
101
Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅü
phalanges
Çtäm-¤P.ü
@P-¾G-GÛ-¤fïz-zôP-hP-¤²âz-Åô¼-HÛ¼ÞÅ-q-n¤Å-ˆÛ-¤ÛP.ü
pharynx
¤±ß¾-qü
Ço-mÅ-¤¼-¿Uï-VßP-fh-hÝ-¸ÞG-qºÛ-zÞ-G
radius
¾G-P¼-¼ÞÅ-q-Vï-zü
¾G-P¼-HÛ-xÛ-PôÅ-ˆÛ-¼ÞÅ-q-fÞP-z-hïºÛ¤ÛP.ü
ribs
¯ÛzÅ-¤ü
ljÛP-hP-JÀô-z-ÆâP-Bôz-‚ïh-qºÛ-ƒP-DôGGÛ-¼ÞÅ-q-¾ïz-¤ô-m¼-GÝG-V-zTß-GZÛÅTmü
sacrum
±P-¼ÞÅü (¤±P-¼ÞÅü)
©ïh-±ÛGÅ-hP-GŸÝG-VßP-z¼-hÝ-GmÅqºÛ-±ÛGÅ-¤D¼-¿S-Tm-HÛ-ÇK¾-±ÛGÅü
sagittal suture
uÛ-zôºÛ-M-ÆâzÅü
¤Gô-zôºÛ-uÛ-zôºÛ-¼ÞÅ-qºÛ-ÆâzÅ-Ť¤fÞh-¤±¤Åü
scapula
ÅôG-¼ÞÅü ÅôG-qü
hqÞP-ºGôºÛ-¾ÞÅ-ˆÛ-Mz-xôGÅ-ÅÞ-GmÅqºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-¸Þ¼-GÅÞ¤-Tm-HÛ-¼ÞÅ-qü
spinal cord
MãPÅ-qü ÆôG-¯-h;¼-qôü
>Àh-q-mÅ-GŸÝG-VßP-z¼-HÛ-ÇK¾-±ÛGňÛ-Ç~äzÅ-ÅÞ-VGÅ-qºÛ-ÇK¾-nG
sternum
ƒP-¼ÞÅü
Ç+ï-¤WÛP-¤±¤Å-mÅ-¤VÛm-iÛº¤-h¼h;¼-»ô¾-zºÛ-ºôG-®¤-z¼-GmÅ-qºÛƒP-DôG-GÛ-¤hÝm-PôÅ-ˆÛ-¼ÞÅ-q-m¼-¾ïzü
suture
M-ÆâzÅü
¤Gô-zôºÛ-uÛ-zô-hP-¤±ôG-¤-¿eG-q-zTňÛ-¼ÞÅ-qºÛ-JÀÛP-wm-±ßm-¤fÞh-¤±¤Å-
Medicine & Astrology
Ǩm-hP-¯ÛÅü
102
ˆÛ-Æzâ Åü tarsal bones temporal bone
zô¾-±ÛGÅ-¼ÞÅ-qü n-¿Ëm-¼ÞÅ-qü
@P-qºÛ-zô¾-±ÛGÅ-ˆÛ-¼ÞÅ-q-DG-zhÝmü n-z-G»Å-G»ôm-HÛ-ÇKP-fh-hÝ-GmÅqºÛ-¤Þ¼-GôP-GÛ-¼ÞÅ-qü
tibia
Xï-P¼-¼ÞÅ-q-Vï-zü
@P-qºÛ-mP-PôÅ-ÅÞ-GmÅ-qºÛ-P¼-GhôPGÛ-¼ÞÅ-qü
ulna
¾G-P¼-¼ÞÅ-q-VßP-zü
¾G-P¼-HÛ-mP-PôÅ-ˆÛ-¼ÞÅ-q-y-¾-¼ÛP-zhïºÛ-¤ÛP.ü
zygomatic bone
¤DÞ¼-±ôÅ-¼ÞÅ-qü
GhôP-GÛ-¤DÞ¼-±ôÅ-G»Å-G»ôm-GZÛňÛ-ºzÞ¼-VºÛ-¼ÞÅ-qü
Physics
103
hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü
zl-Vh-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-¾Å-ºV¼ü TIBETAN TERMINOLOGY PROJECT
hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qºÛ-zl-Vhü PHYSICS TERMS
jË-Å-zôh-ˆÛ-hqï-¤²ôh-DP.ü
LIBRARY OF TIBETAN WORKS & ARCHIEVES (LTWA)
Physics
104
hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü
aberration
ÇoP-z½‰m-¼z-¼Ûzü
hÐPÅ-Áï¾-¿e-zÞ-xÛºÛ-»Þ¾-¤fôP-‚ïh-¾Bôm-»ôh-qºÛ-hzP-GÛÅ-ÇoP-z½‰m-¤ÛGž-zü
abrasion
zl¼-¸hü
l¼-ÁÝh-ˆÛÅ-Aïm-qÅ-¸h-q¼-Hã¼-zºÛ¼P-zŸÛmü
absolute humidity
¿eôÅ-¤ïh-½Àm-GÁï¼ü
¤Dº-½ÀâP-GÛ-ÁôP-±h-PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛG-GÛmP-VߺÛ-½ÀPÅ-q-WÛ-»ôh-ˆÛ-±h-GŸÛ-ŸÛG¾-¸ï¼ü hï-mÛ-¤Dº-½ÀâP-Áô-G¸ÞGÅ-¤Û‡¼-¼ï¼-VߺÛ-½ÀPÅ-¸ïGÅ-;Û-¾ô-WÛ-»ôhˆÛ-V-mÅ-±h-ºW¾-z-»Ûmü
acceleration
¥ã¼-±h-ºw¼-Vü
wÞP-G¸ÞGÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-¥ã¼-±h-hÝÅ-±ôhPïÅ-Tm-¼ï¼-WÛ-®¤-¥ã¼-hÝ-ºIô-zºÛ-±hü
activation energy
zIâP-‚ïh-mÝÅ-qü
µÅ-ˆÛ-n¤-ºHã¼-ŸÛG-»ôP-z¼-hGôÅPïÅ-ˆÛ-ZÝP-¤fºÛ-mÝÅ-qü
adiabatic process
±-iôh-Åô¼-GmÅ-zMãh-¼Û¤ü ±-iôh-ºw¼-VG-GP-»P-¤ïh-q¼-º‚ãPzºÛ-zMãh-¼Û¤-GP-¼ÞP-ŸÛG
adsorption
GÅôG-º‚¼ü
½ÀâP-hP-GÁï¼-G¸ÞGÅ-ˆÛ-ºhÝÅ-µÅ-GPŸÛG-Æ-G¸ÞGÅ-ˆÛ-hPôÅ-µÅ-GŸm-ŸÛGGÛ-ÇeïP-hÝ-zÇkÝ-zºÛ-zMãh-¼Û¤ü
allotropy
µÅ-GTÛG-n¤-¤P.ü
D¤Å-µÅ-ÁÛG-n¤-q-¤Û-ºi-z-GZÛÅŤ-hÝ-¤¼-GmÅ-qºÛ-PP-±ß¾ü
alloy
zÆïÅ-¿UGÅü
¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-¤Û-ºi-z-GZÛÅ-Ťü
Physics
105
hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü
»P-m-GZÛÅ-¾Å-¤P-z-¤Z¤-zÆïÅ‚Å-qº¤ü »P-m-¿GU Å-¼ÛGÅ-hP¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-¤-»Ûm-qºÛ-µÅ-GŸm-hPzÆïÅ-mÅ-Iâz-qºÛ-µÅ-Ť-hPôÅ-qôü amorphous
z¸ô-h‚ÛzÅ-PïÅ-¤ïhü
h‚ÛzÅ-G¸ÞGÅ-PïÅ-Tm-¤ïh-qºÛ-ÆG¸ÞGÅü
ampere
JÀôG-Mãm-ÁÝGÅ-±hü
JÀôG-ÁÝGÅ-z;G-V-GTÛG-Tm-HÛ-JÀôGfG-mP-Mã-zºÛ-JÀôG-ÁÝGÅ-V-±h-GTÛGTm-HÛ-JÀôG-ÁÝGÅ-ˆÛ-±h-GŸÛü
angle of incidence
zlz-ºyôºÛ-¸Þ¼-DÞG
ºôh-hP-O-¿e-zÞºÛ-½ÀzÅ-hPôÅ-qô-GP»P-¼ÞP-zºÛ-PôÅ-ÁÛG-¾-zlz-q-¾Åü zlz-GmÅ-hï-hP-iP-ºxP-GÛ-fÛGGZÛÅ-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-¸Þ¼-DÞG
angle of reflection
¿kôG-ºyôºÛ-¸Þ¼-DÞG
ºôh-hP-O-¿e-zÞºÛ-½ÀzÅ-PôÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-ÇeïPmÅ-¿ôkG-q-¾Åü ¿kôG-GmÅ-hï-hP-iPºxP-GÛ-fÛG-GZÛÅ-ˆÛÅ-z¸ôÅ-qºÛ-¸Þ¼DÞG
angstrom (A.U)
ÍP-Åï-cô¤-(¯Û-GŸÛü)
‚ï-ƒG-bà-ºHïh-ºyôºÛ-½ÀzÅ-¼ÛP-±hºW¾-zºÛ-±h-GŸÛ-ŸÛG-Çïeü Åïm-‡Û-¤Û‡¼-GTÛG-Å-»-zM¼-zGôÅ-qºÛ-VGTÛG
angular
¸Þ¼-ºIôÅ-ˆÛ-¥ã¼-±h-ºw¼- wÞP-G¸ÞGÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-¸Þ¼-ºIôÅ-¥ã¼-±hVü hÝÅ-±ôh-PïÅ-Tm-¼ï¼-WÛ-®¤-¥ã¼-hÝ-ºIôzºÛ-±hü
acceleration
Physics angular
106
hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü
¸Þ¼-DÞG-GÛ-ºwô-Bôhü
Mã-¾¤-ÇKô¼-¤ô-ŸÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-hPôÅG¸ÞGÅ-ÁÛG-Bôh-qºÛ-MP-fG
¸Þ¼-DÞG-GÛ-ºGݾ-±hü
ºDô¼-¤hº-‚ï-ƒG-q-ŸÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-wÞPG¸ÞGÅ-ˆÛ-ºDô¼-MãG-ºGôG-ÁÝGÅ-hP¥ã¼-±h-ºw¼-V-GZÛÅ-ˆÛ-zNå¼-fôzü
angular velocity
¸Þ¼-DÞG-GÛ-ºIôÅ-±hü
hPôÅ-G¸ÞGÅ-ÁÛG-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-¸Þ¼DÞG-GTÛG-GÛ-ºHã¼-zºÛ-¥ã¼-±hü
anisotropy
xôGÅ-¾-¿eôÅ-qºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü ±h-ºW¾-zºÛ-xôGÅ-¤Û-ºi-zºÛ-hzPGÛÅ-Eh-VôÅ-¤Û-ºi-z-Tmü
antimatter
¿kôG-µÅü
ZÛP-lݾ-¤ô-hP-JÀôG-lݾ-wô-¾Å-Iâz-qºÛhPôÅ-qôü
archimede’s
ͼ-DÛ-¤ï-hïºÛ-Gbm-Æô¾ü
GÁï¼-G¸ÞGÅ-mP-ÇeÛ¤-qºÛ-wÞP-qôºÛ-ºxôÁÝGÅ-hï-hP-ü »¼-WÛ-®¤-wÞh-qºÛGÁï¼-G¸ÞGÅ-ˆÛ-¿YÛh-±h-ÇeïP-A¾-hP¤Z¤-q¼-PïÅ-±ß¾ü
artificial satellite
zTôÅ-¤ºÛ-ºDô¼-Ç+¼ü
źÛ-Gô-¾º¤ü »P-m-G¸º-Ǽ+ -GŸmŸÛG-¾-ºDô¼-Bôh-‚ïh-q¼-zbP-zºÛºyâ¾-VÅü
asteroid
Ç+¼-ymü
G¸º-¤ÛG-h¤¼-hP-wÞ¼-zÞºÛ-ºDô¼-¾¤HÛ-z¼-hÝ-Mã-zºÛ-ƒG-lô-ºi-zºÛ-hPôÅ-qôŸÛG hïºÛ-ŸïP-±h-;Û-¾ô-¤Û-‡¼-GTÛGmÅ-hGÝ-zM-¿ËG-»ôhü
displacement angular momentum
principle
Physics
107
hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü
astronomical unit
G¸º-Ç+¼-¯Û-GŸÛü
ZÛ-¤-hP-źÛ-Gô-¾ºÛ-hz¼-HÛ-uÛ-ljô¤Åz¼-fG-¾-GŸÛ-zTô¾-zºÛ-ZÛ-¤ºÛ-EÛ¤Mãh-ˆÛ-G¸º-Ç+¼-wm-±ßm-hz¼-HÛ-MP±h-¯Û-GŸÛü
astronomy
G¸º-Ç+¼-hrh-¼ÛG Gm¤-¼ÛG-Ç+¼-hrhü
ºWÛG-dïm-HÛ-D¤Å-hP-hïºÛ-mP-»ôh-qºÛÇ+¼-¤-hP.ü G¸ºü Ç+¼-vÛm-hP-Ǽ+ ±ôGÅ-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-hPôÅ-qô-¾-dôG-ŸÛz-‚ïhqºÛ-±m-¼ÛG
atmosphere
½ÀâP-GÛ-hˆÛ¾-ºDô¼ü ½ÀâP-D¤Åü
ºfïm-ÁÝGÅ-ˆÛÅ-¼P-ż-z¸ÞP-zºÛ-źÛGô-¾-hP.ü G¸º-Ǽ+ -GŸm-HÛ-¤fººDô¼-hÝ-GmÅ-qºÛ-½ÀâP-GÛ-Gô-¾ü
atom
lݾ-ymü
¼P-G¼-GmÅ-fÞz-qºÛ-D¤Å-µÅ-ˆÛOæz-‚ºÛ-V-VßP-ÁôÅü
atomic mass
lݾ-ym-GhôÅ-±hü lݾ-ym-zôPÅ-±hü
¤±m-GŸÛ¼-z¸ÞP-zºÛ-lݾ-ym-m¤ºhÝÅ-µÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-GbôÅ-Vï-VßP-GÛ-±hü
atomic mass unit
lݾ-ym-zôPÅ-±h-¯Û-GŸÛü ^¾-‡ômü
;¼-zôm-12lݾ-ym-HÛ-V-GTÛG-hP¤Z¤-qºÛ-zôPÅ-±h-ˆÛ-¯Û-GŸÛü
atomic
lݾ-ym-ÍP-IPÅü
lݾ-ym-HÛ-¿eï-z¼-wô-lݾ-WÛ-»ôh-ˆÛIPÅ-bïü z¼-GmÅ-lݾ-ym-ŸÛG-GÛ-wôlݾ-HÛ-IPÅ-hï-JÀôG-lݾ-HÛ-IPÅ-hP¤±ßPÅ-q-»Ûmü ¤±ôm-dGÅü Z
lݾ-HÛ-ºWº-¤hPÅü
lݾ-ym-hï-¼P-GÛ-mP-hÝ-JÀôG-lݾ-ºwôºHã¼-xÛm-qºÛ-Aïm-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-ºHïh-
number(proton number)
atomic spectrum
Physics
hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü
108
ºyôºÛ-ºWº-¤hPÅü atomic weight
lݾ-ym-¿YÛh-±hü
;¼-zôm-12¾-GŸÛ-zTô¾-zºÛ-D¤Å-µÅÁÛG-GÛ-lݾ-ym-HÛ-V-ljô¤Å-zôPÅ-±hü
avogadro’s
Í-¶ô-Gï-iôºÛ-Gbm-Æô¾ü
iôh-±h-hP-Gmôm-ÁÝGÅ-mÛ-±h-GTÛGqºÛ-½ÀâP-G¸ÞGÅ-ÁôP-±h-¤Z¤-q-GZÛňÛ-mP-Iâz-µÅ-ˆÛ-IPÅ-GTÛG-bà-PïÅ-qü
barometer
½ÀâP-Gmôm-ºW¾-VÅü
½ÀâP-D¤Å-ˆÛ-Gmôm-ÁÝGÅ-ºW¾-VÅü
baryons
„Ëï-¼Û-»ômü
;ÐG-y-lݾ-GÅÞ¤-¤¤ü »P-m-¿ôkGqºÛ-;ÐG-y-lݾ-GÅÞ¤-Tm-HÛ-Zï-zºÛ-lݾym-HÛ-EÛ¤-±P-GP-»P-¼ÞP-z-ŸÛG
Bernoulli effect
„˼-mô-¾Û-mÝÅ-qü
½Àm-ŸÛP-GÁï¼-zºÛ-hPôÅ-qô-ŸÛG-MãG-qºÛ¥ã¼-±h-ºw¼-z-hP-hÝÅ-¤±ßPÅ-hïºÛmP-GÛ-Gmôm-ÁÝGÅ-VG-qºÛ-ÇoP-±ß¾ü
Bernoulli law
„˼-mô-¾Û-PïÅ-Æô¾ü
½Àm-ŸÛP-GÁï¼-zºÛ-hPôÅ-qô-ŸÛG-GÛ-GmômÁÝGÅ-hP.ü ÇeàG-±hü ¥ã¼-±h-zTňÛ-z¼-ºƒï¾-z-Çeôm-qºÛ-PïÅ-Æô¾ü
beta-decay
„ËÛ-‡-¸h-LÝhü
ZÛP-lݾ-HÛ-mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅ-Ÿm-qºÛ-Aïm-HÛÅlݾ-ym-HÛ-mÝÅ-q-LÝh-VG-ºIô-Ç+zÅJÀôG-lݾ-¾¤ü »P-m-wô-lݾ-HÛ-¸ïGŤ-D-q-„ËÛ-‡-ºyô-ÇeôP-‚ïh-±ß¾ü
big bang
ºzïP-Vïmü GÅ-fô¼-Vïm-¤ôü fôG-¤ºÛ-GÅ-fô¼-¾-zdïm-mÅ-M-BïhºIô-zŸÛm-qºÛ-ºWÛG-dïm-D¤Å-‚ãP-z-
principle
Physics
hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü
109
ºhôh-±ß¾ü binding energy
ºVÛP-mÝÅü
lݾ-HÛ-¤-¾G-TÛG-GÛ-Oæz-‚-¸ïGÅ-¤n¤Å-¤Z¤-hÝ-Çkô¤-‚ïh-ˆÛ-mÝÅ-qü
black body
wÞP-mG
JÀôG-ÁÝGÅ-Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-ºHïh-ºyôºÛºDô¼-fïPÅ-¤fº-hG-ºyô-zÇkÝ-‚ïh-fÞzq¼-ºhôh-qºÛ-hPôÅ-qô-mG-AP.ü
black body
wÞP-mG-ºHïh-ºyôü
iôh-±h-PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛG-GÛ-Ç+zÅ-ÅÞ-hPôÅG¸ÞGÅ-mG-AP-GTÛG-¾Å-ºyô-zºÛJÀôG-ÁÝGÅ-Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-ºHïh-ºyôü
black hole
zÞ-G-mG-qôü
¼P-GÛ-ºfïm-ÁÝGÅ-È-TP-Áïh-Vï-zÅhïºÛ-Zï-ºDô¼-mÅ-ºôh-ˆP-f¼-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛÇeàG-±h-¿ËG-q¼-Vï-zºÛ-m¤-¤DºÛhPôÅ-G¸ÞGÅ-ÁÛG
Bohr theory
„Ëô¼-n¤-GŸG
lݾ-ym-HÛ-z;ôh-h‚ÛzÅ-Ç+ô¼-HÛ-ºIï¾q-ÇS-ÁôÅ-ÁÛG-Çeïü JÀôG-lݾ-n¤Å-ZÛPlݾ-HÛ-¤fº-ºDô¼-hÝ-;ôm-‡¤-V-Aïm-¾zdïm-mÅ-PïÅ-qºÛ-xôGÅ-PïÅ-¤ïh-ˆÛºDô¼-¾¤-fôG-ºDô¼-Bôh-‚ïh-q¼-ºhôh±ß¾ü
boiling point
ºDô¾-GmÅü
GÁï¼-G¸ÞGÅ-ÁÛG-½ÀPÅ-qº¤-½ÀâPG¸ÞGÅ-ˆÛ-Pô-zô¼-ºHã¼-zºÛ-iôh-±hü
Brownian motion
„Ë-¼ôm-ºGݾ-Bôhü
GÁï¼-G¸ÞGÅ-Ť-½ÀâP-G¸ÞGÅ-ˆÛ-mPhÝ-¿kÛP-qºÛ-lݾ-HÛ-¸ïGÅ-¤-n¤Å-hP.ü
radiation
Physics
110
hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü
¿kÛP-»Þ¾-HÛ-GÁï¼-G¸ÞGÅ-Ť-½ÀâPG¸ÞGÅ-GP-¼ÞP-GÛ-Iâz-µÅ-n¤Å-wm±ßm-GhôP-fÞG-zMz-qºÛ-Aïm-HÛÅ-xôGÅPïÅ-¤ïh-hÝ-ºGݾ-zü buoyant force
ºxô-ÁÝGÅü
½Àm-GÁï¼-mP-mÝz-qº¤-ÇoÝz-qºÛ-hPôÅ-qôŸÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-hÝ-ºzz-qºÛ-Gmôm-ÁÝGÅü
calorie
Dï-¾ô-¼Ûü
mÝÅ-qºÛ-¯Û-GŸÛ-Çeïü Vß-JË-¼¤-GTÛG-GÛiôh-±h-Åï¾-ÅÛ-»-^ÛG-¼Û-GTÛG-Çtô¼-VïhhGôÅ-qºÛ-±-iôhü
center of gravity
ºfïm-ÁÝGÅ-¿eï-GmÅü
hPôÅ-G¸ÞGÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-¿YÛh-ˆÛ-V-ljô¤ÅGmÅ-ÇPe Å-Ťü »P-m-hPôÅ-qô-ŸÛGGÛ-ÇeïP-hÝ-ºfïm-ÁÝGÅ-GP-hÝ-ºzz-q¼ÇoP-zºÛ-GmÅ-‚ï-ƒG-qü
center of mass
GhôÅ-±h-¿eï-GmÅü
hPôÅ-G¸ÞGÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-V-ljô¤Å-zôPÅ-±hˆÛ-GmÅ-ÇPe Å-Ťü »P-m-hPôÅ-qôŸÛG-GÛ-GhôÅ-±h-V-±P-ºhÝÅ-bï-GmÅq¼-V-º²Ûm-‚ïh-¼ÞP-zºÛ-GmÅ-‚ï-ƒG-qü
centrifugal force
¿eï-z¼-D-¿kôG-qºÛ-ÁÝGÅü
ºDô¼-zŸÛm-qºÛ-hPôÅ-G¸ÞGÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-¼PGÁÛÅ-ˆÛ-hzP-GÛÅ-wÞP-G¸ÞGÅ-hï-ºDô¼¤hº-¾Å-xÛ¼-ºfïm-qºÛ-¿eï-xôGÅ-ˆÛÁÝGÅ-hP-¤Z¤-qºÛ-mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅ-ÁÛG
centripetal force
¿eï-z¼-D-xôGÅ-qºÛ-ÁÝGÅü ÇKô¼-fÛG-ÇeïP-ºGݾ-Bôh-‚ïh-qºÛ-hPôÅG¸ÞGÅ-ÁÛG-GÛÅ-¿ïe-zº¤ü ºDô¼-¤hºÛxôGÅ-ÅÞ-ºfïm-qºÛ-ÁÝGÅü
Physics
111
hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü
charge
¸ÞPÅü
1ü hPôÅ-G¸ÞGÅ-ˆÛ-z¯¤-GŸÛ¼-Hã¼qºÛ-VïÅ-y-zºÛ-lݾ-¸ïGÅ-ˆÛ-¯-zºÛEh-VôÅ-ÁÛG-hP.ü hïºÛ-hzP-GÛźfïm-ÁÝGÅ-hP-¿kôG-ÁÝGÅ-GZÛÅ‚ãP-z-»Ûmü hï-¾-D-hôG-GÛ-¸ÞPÅhP-JÀôG-GÛ-¸ÞPÅ-GZÛÅ-»ôhü 2ü hPôÅ-µÅ-Ť-m¤-¤DºÛ-Eôm-ŸÛGmP-JÀôG-¸ÞPÅ-WÛ-»ôh-ˆÛ-ºzô¼ü
charge density
JÀôG-¸ÞPÅ-ÇeàG-±hü
wÞP-G¸ÞGÅ-ÁÛG-G¤-m¤-¤DºÛ-M-EômHÛ-¯Û-GŸÛ-¼ï-¼ïº¤ü ÁôP-±h-ˆÛ-¯Û-GŸÛ¼ï-¼ï¼-JÀôG-GÛ-¸ÞPÅ-WÛ-»ôh-ˆÛ-ºzô¼ü
Charles law
T×¾-Åï-PïÅ-Æô¾ü
½ÀâP-µÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-zôPÅ-±h-Vï-Gï-¤ô-ŸÛGGÛ-ÁôP-±h-hï-Gmôm-ÁÝGÅ-Mãm-GbmºôG-bà-¿Ëôh-¤ïh-iôh-±h-hP-fh-;¼ºƒï¾-bï-ºHã¼-z-»Ûmü
chemical reaction
µÅ-ˆÛ-n¤-ºHã¼ü
lݾ-ym-HÛ-GmÅ-Å-zB¼-OÛG-‚Å-q-¾zdïm-mÅ-Iâz-µÅ-GTÛG-Iâz-µÅ-GŸmhÝ-ºHã¼-±ß¾ü
chromatic
±ôm-¤hôG-¼z-¼Ûzü
hÐPÅ-Áï¾-HÛÅ-ºôh-ˆÛ-D-hôG-ºi-¤Ûmn¤Å-¤hô-GmÅ-GTÛG-bà-ºhÝ-¤-fÞzqºÛ-hzP-GÛÅ-ÇoP-z½‰m-HÛ-D-hôGºFâGÅ-qºÛ-Bômü
GhôP-fÞG
lݾ-ym-¿e-zÞºÛ-lݾ-GZÛÅ-Ť-hÝ-¤ŸÛG-Zï-z¼-º²ô¤Å-bï-JÀô-zÞ¼-hÝ-ºGݾÁÝGÅ-ºHã¼-zº¤ü »P-m-mÝÅ-q-zXï-
aberration
collision
Physics
112
hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü
¼ïÅ-‚ïh-qºÛ-‚ãP-¼Û¤-Mãm-fÞP-¾-ºHã¼Bïm-q-ŸÛG compound
ºhÝÅ-µÅü
D¤Å-µÅ-GZÛÅ-Ť-hÝ-¤-V-±h-PïÅTm-hÝ-ÇkïzÅ-q-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-µÅ-wÞPGÅÞ¤-qü
concave lens
;ôP-Áï¾ü
hÐPÅ-Áï¾-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-PôÅ-GTÛG-¹â¤G¸ÞGÅ-ˆÛ-Ç~äG-PôÅ-¿e¼-;ôP-;ôP-Tmü
condensation
GÁï¼-wzü
½ÀâP-G¸ÞGÅ-Ť-½ÀPÅ-G¸ÞGÅ-ˆÛ-hPôÅqô-ŸÛG-GÁï¼-G¸ÞGÅ-ÅÞ-ºHã¼-zºÛzMãh-¼Û¤ü
conductance
zMãh-FÛh-mÝÅ-±hü
hPôÅ-µÅ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-JÀôG-Mãm-ºiïmmÝÅ-ˆÛ-±hü
conduction
zMãh-FÛhü
hPôÅ-µÅ-GP-ŸÛG-zMãh-hï-iôh-hP-JÀôG¸ÞPÅ-¿e-zÞ-GmÅ-GTÛG-mÅ-GŸm-hݺwô-±ß¾ü
conductor
zMãh-FÛh-hPôÅ-µÅü
iôh-hP.ü JÀôG-hP.ü ºôh-hP-O-ÅôGÅzMãh-ºFÛh-‚ïh-qºÛ-hPôÅ-qôü
conservation of
JÀôG-¸ÞPÅ-Z¼-±GÅü
¤-¾G-TÛG-GÛ-mP-Eôm-zÇkô¤Å-JÀôG¸ÞPÅ-ºw¼-VG-¤ïh-q¼-GmÅ-qºÛGbm-Æô¾ü
mÝÅ-q-Z¼-±GÅü
mÝÅ-q-mÛ-Gż-hÝ-zCæm-¤Û-fÞz-¾-¤ïhq¼-»P-z¸ô-¤Û-fÞz-q-¤-¸hü hïºÛ-n¤-
charge
conservation of energy
Physics
113
hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü
q-GTÛG-mÅ-GŸm-hÝ-ºwô-ºHã¼-ºIô-z®¤-¾Å-mÝÅ-qºÛ-Eôm-zÇkô¤Å-ˆÛ-±h-¾ºHã¼-z-Gbm-mÅ-¤ïh-qºÛ-¼P-zŸÛmü conservation of
ºyâ¾-ºDô¼-HÛ-mÝÅ-q-zhGÆâP.ü
ºyâ¾-ºDô¼-WÛ-ºi-ŸÛG-»Ûm-¼ÞP-hＤDô-vôh-‚Å-qºÛ-mÝÅ-q-hï-¾Å-¿ËG-qºÛmÝÅ-ÁÝGÅ-xÛ¼-ºhôm-‚ïh-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛ-¼PzŸÛmü
convection
±-iôh-ºwô-Mãü
½Àm-GÁï¼-¼P-ZÛh-ˆÛ-ºGݾ-Bôh-¾zdïm-mÅ-½Àm-GÁï¼-HÛ-hPôÅ-qôºÛ-VGTÛG-mÅ-GTÛG-bà-±-iôh-ºwô-±ß¾ü
converging lens
ÇkÝh-Áï¾ü
¼P-ZÛh-zMãh-mÅ-ºôh-¸ï¼-n¤Å-w-¼ô¾HÛ-GmÅ-GTÛG-bà-zÇkÝ-qºÛ-hÐPÅ-Áï¾ü
convex lens
ºzÞ¼-Áï¾ü
hÐPÅ-Áï¾-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-PôÅ-GTÛG-xÛ-PôÅÅÞ-ºzÞ¼-zü
coolant
IP-zÅÛ¾-GbôP-‚ïhü
ºyâ¾-ºDô¼-Í-¤ºÛ-zMãh-hï-ºDô¼-MãG‚ïh-qº¤ü »P-m-ºyâ¾-ºDô¼-HÛ-VÁÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-fôG-bà-ºzz-Çïeü ±-iôhGTôG-‚ïh-ˆÛ-GÁï¼-µÅ-ÁÛG-
coulomb
DÞ-¾ô¤ü
Íï¤-qÛ-»¼-GTÛG-¿km-HÛ-JÀôG-Mãm-ŸÛGÇ+¼-V-GTÛG-GÛ-mP-zMãh-FÛh-hPôŵÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-mP-Mã-zºÛ-JÀôG-¸ÞPÅ-ˆÛ-±hGŸÛü
coulomb’s law
DÞ-¾ô¤-PïÅ-Æô¾ü
Åô¼-GmÅ-JÀôG-Mãm-hrh-¼ÛG-GÛ-GŸÛ-
energy for machines
Physics
114
hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü
¯ºÛ-PïÅ-hôm-ŸÛG-Çïeü JÀôG-¸ÞPÅ-Tm-HÛlݾ-GZÛÅ-z¼-HÛ-ÁÝGÅ-±h-mÛü hïGZÛÅ-ˆÛ-JÀôG-¸ÞPÅ-±h-ˆÛ-zNå¼-fôzhP-fh-;¼-±h-¤Z¤-»Ûm-¾-y-lݾ¼P-Nå¼-hP-¾ÞGÅ-¿kôG-±h-¤Z¤-»Ûm±ß¾ü critical mass
Zï¼-¤DôºÛ-zôPÅ-±hü Zï¼- lݾ-ym-HÛ-¾Þ-GÝ-zMãh-ˆÛ-ºHã¼-¿kôG¤DôºÛ-GhôÅ-±hü TÛG-Mãm-zÆÛP-z¼-¤Dô-zºÛ-ºz¼-GżÞP-zºÛ-ZÝP-¤fºÛ-Mã-Vü
critical
Zï¼-¤DôºÛ-iôh-±hü
iôh-±h-hï-hP-zL¾-m-Gmôm-ÁÝGÅ-WÛ®¤-ŸÛG-vh-ˆP-GÁï¼-G¸ÞGÅ-ÅÞºHã¼-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛ-iôh-±hü
curie
ˆã-¼Û×ü
ºHïh-ºyôºÛ-±h-GŸÛ-ŸÛG-Çïeü ºHïhºyôºÛ-mÝÅ-q-Tm-HÛ-µÅ-ÁÛG-Ç+¼-V-¼ï¼GÅ-fô¼-ºIô-fïPÅ- 3.7 x 10-10 GÛ-IPÅ-ºzô¼-hP-¤±ßPÅ-q-»Ûmü
current
JÀôG-Mãmü
zMãh-FÛh-hPôÅ-µÅ-ÁÛG-zMãh-hï-Mã-zºÛJÀôG-¸ÞPÅü
cyclotron
lݾ-ym-Ç+ô¼-‚ïhü
Gbm-hÝ-GmÅ-qºÛ-Dz-¾ïm-Ez-¼-uhhïü y-lݾ-n¤Å-hÝP-ºEÛ¾-hÝ-ºwÞ¾ºhïh-ˆÛÅ-¥ã¼-±h-Çtô¼-zºÛ-»ô-VÅü
dalton
^¾-‡ômü
atomic mass unit
diamagnetic
Dz-¾ïm-HÛÅ-¿kôG-qºÛü
Dz-¾ïm-HÛÅ-ºwÞ¾-zºÛ-hPôÅ-¼ÛGÅ-
temperature
¾-¿ôÅe ü
Physics
115
hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü
Ť-hï-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-hPôÅ-µÅü dielectric
JÀôG-Mã-Ÿm-µÅü
JÀôG-G¤-»P-m-zMãh-FÛh-ˆÛ-mÝÅ-q-ÈTP-Ÿm-qºÛ-hPôÅ-µÅ-bïü Áï¾-hPh;¼-»ô¾-¿e-zÞü
dielectric
JÀôG-Mã-Ÿm-µÅ-Åô¼-GmÅü
hPôÅ-µÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-mP-hÝ-JÀôG-GÛ-Ez-¼ºGôG-mÝÅ-ˆÛ-±h-GŸÛü
diffraction
ºEôG-ºyôü
ºGôG-Aïm-ŸÛG-hP-fÞG-qº¤ü »P-m½ÀzÅ-hïºÛ-½ÀzÅ-fG-hP-¤Z¤-qºÛ-zÞ-GÝzMãh-mÅ-fôm-XïÅ-ˆÛ-½ÀzÅ-ˆÛ-D-xôGÅhP-ÁÝGÅ-±h-ˆÛ-ºHã¼-¿kôG
diffusion
ºfô¼-ºyôü
PôÅ-¯çz-¤ô-ŸÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-mÅ-xÛ¼-¿kôGqºÛ-ºWâG-ºyôºÛ-ºôh-D-ºfô¼-hÝ-ºIô±ß¾ü
dipole
Çoï-¸ÞP.ü
z¼-fG-y-¤ôÅ-Vôh-qºÛ-ÁÝGÅ-±h¤Z¤-¼ÞP-wm-±ßm-¤Û-¤fÞm-qºÛ-JÀôGmÝÅ-Ť-Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-Çoï-GZÛÅü
dispersion
I¤-qü
¤fôP-fÞz-qºÛ-ºôh-TÛG-ºEôG-ºyôº¤GÝG-ºyôºÛ-hzP-GÛÅ-D-hôG-Åô-Åô¼º‚ïh-±ß¾ü
displacement
GmÅ-Çtôü
doppler effect
^ôz-¾¼-mÝÅ-qü
wÞP-G¸ÞGÅ-ÁÛG-GmÅ-GTÛG-mÅ-GmÅGŸm-ŸÛG-bà-ÇtôÅ-qºÛ-z¼-fG-GÛ-V±hü ºôh-hP-O-¿e-zÞºÛ-½ÀzÅ-ˆÛ-º‚ãP-fïPÅ-
constant
Physics
116
hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü
hï-º‚ãP-GmÅ-hP-¿-e ¤Dm-m¤ü Zm¤Dm-wm-±ßm-¿eôÅ-zTÅ-ˆÛ-ºGݾ-Bôh»ôh-±ïü MP-fG-Wï-¼ÛP-hÝ-ºIô-Çz+ ÅVG-qº¤ü »P-m-Wï-Zï¼-ÇïÀzÅ-Çz+ źw¼-zºÛ-ÇoP-±ß¾ü efficiency
¾Å-Vôhü
ºyâ¾-VÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-hÝ-¾Å-¯ô¾-‚Åq-¾Å-wm-fôGÅ-Tm-HÛ-¾Å-¯ô¾-hÝzNå¼-zºÛ-zM-Vü
elastic collision
Åô¼-Vßh-GhôP-fÞG
GhôP-fÞG-zMz-qºÛ-hPôÅ-qô-hï-hG-GÛh‚ÛzÅ-¤-Z¤Å-qº¤-±-iôh-¤-zBïhq¼-zB¼-¿kôG-‚ïh-±ß¾ü
elasticity
m¼-¿kï¤ü
hPôÅ-µÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-z¸ô-h‚ÛzÅ-Z¤Å‚ïh-ˆÛ-ÁÝGÅ-ÁÛG-GÛÅ-Gmôm-±ïü hïºÛh‚ÛzÅ-G¸ÞGÅ-ºHã¼-z-hP.ü m¤ŸÛG-ÁÝGÅ-hï-xÛ¼-ºfïm-‚Å-±ï-ÇS¼-HÛh‚ÛzÅ-G¸ÞGÅ-¼P-Åô¼-Vßh-qºÛ-EhVôÅü
electric circuit
JÀôG-¾¤ü
1ü JÀôG-Mãm-MãG-qº¤-MãG-ÆÛh-qºÛ¤fÞh-¤±¤Å-Tm-HÛ-Mã-¾¤-ŸÛG 2ü JÀôG-¾¤-HÛÅ-£ï¾-zºÛ-ºyâ¾-VŤ-¾G
electric field
JÀôG-mÝÅ-Ez-¼ü
JÀôG-¸ÞPÅ-ˆÛÅ-zCæm-qºÛ-mÝÅ-q-ŸÛG»ôh-qºÛ-n¤-q-Tm-HÛ-Å-DÞ¾ü
electric potential
JÀôG-GÛ-mÝÅ-±hü
JÀôG-mÝÅ-Ez-¼-GP-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-JÀôG-¸ÞPÅ-
Physics
117
hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü
G»ô-ºGݾ-‚ïh-q¼-¤Dô-zºÛ-¾Å-¯ô¾HÛ-±hü electricity
JÀôG
Gbm-±ßGÅ-Ť-G»ô-ºGݾ-Tm-HÛJÀôG-¸ÞPÅ-»ôh-qºÛ-mÝÅ-qü
electromagnetism
JÀôG-ÁÝGÅ-Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-¼PGÁÛÅü
JÀôG-hP.ü Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-¼P-zŸÛm-hP.ü µÅ-¢ô¼-HÛ-ºVÛP-M-hP.ü hï-zŸÛm-ºôhfï-zºÛ-JÀôG-ÁÝGÅ-Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-ºHïhºyôºÛ-n¤-q-¤fº-hG-GÛ-JÀôG-¸ÞPÅ-hPJÀôG-hP-Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-Ez-¼ºÛ-uôh-±ß¾hP-ºƒï¾-GbàG-‚-±ß¾-zTÅ-ˆÛ-ÇoP±ß¾-Ço-±ôGÅ-qü
electron
JÀôG-lݾü ¤ô-lݾü
¾ïz-‡ôm-EÛ¤-±P-hÝ-GbôGÅ-qºÛ-G»ô¤ïh-ˆÛ-GhôÅ-±h-JË-¼¤- 9.107 x 10-28 hP-¼ôz-¯ÛÅ-¿¼e -m-JôÀG¸ÞPÅ-DÞ-¾ô¤- -1.602 x 10-19 Tm-HÛ-zdm-qºÛ-©P-GŸÛºÛ-y-lݾü
electroplating
JÀôG-¯Ûü
JÀôG-lݾ-GÅôG-ºWôG-GÛ-fzÅ-¾-zdïmmÅ-¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-GTÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-hÝ¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-GŸm-ŸÛG-GÛ-¯Û-GbôPfzÅü
electrostatics
Åô¼-GmÅ-JÀôG-Mãm-¼ÛG-qü
ºGݾ-MãG-¤ïh-qºÛ-JÀôG-GÛ-¸ÞPÅ-¾hrh-qºÛ-hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü
energy
mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅü
¯ô¾-z-‚ïh-fÞz-qºÛ-mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅ-bïü hqï¼-mü mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅ-uh-hï-zôPÅ-±h-
Physics
118
hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü
Tm-HÛ-hPôÅ-qô-ŸÛG-ºGݾ-z-¿e-zÞºôü escape speed
ƒôÅ-±hü
¤ï-ÁÝGÅ-ºwÞ¼-¤hº-ÅôGÅ-z¼-ÇoP-xÛ¤¼-GbôP-MãºÛ-hPôÅ-qô-ŸÛG-źÛ-Gô-¾¿e-zÞºÛ-GôP-zÞ-ŸÛG-GÛ-ºfïm-ÁÝGÅ-¾ÅIô¾-z¼-hGôÅ-PïÅ-ˆÛ-¥ã¼-±hü
exclusion
GŸm-Åï¾-Gbm-Æô¾ü
¤ô-lݾ-hP-wô-lݾü z¼-lݾ-GP-»P¼ÞP-z-GTÛG-GÛ-¸ïGÅ-lݾ-GZÛÅ-;ôm‡¤-GmÅ-¾ÞGÅ-GTÛG-GÛ-mP-hÝŤZ¤-hÝ-GmÅ-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛ-PP-±ß¾ü
fluorescence
xï-lݾ-ºôh-¸ï¼-ºyô-¾ÞGÅü
JÀôG-ÁÝGÅ-Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-ºHïh-ºyô¼GTï¼-Gbh-‚ïh-Ç+zÅ-ÅÞ-ºôh-º‚Ûm-qºÛhPôÅ-µÅ-ÁÛG hqï¼-mü ¤fôP-fÞzqºÛ-ºôh-h¤ü »P-m- x- ºyô-ºôh-¿-e zÞ-ºôh-xãP-zºÛ-GÁÛÅ-uôhü
Focal length
ºhÝ-GmÅ-¼ÛP-±hü
¤ï-¾ôP-P¤-hÐPÅ-Áï¾-HÛ-PôÅ-mÅ-hïºÛºôh-¸ï¼-ºhÝ-¤±¤Å-z¼-HÛ-MP-fG
focus
ºhÝ-GmÅü
hÐPÅ-Áï¾-¤-¾G-GÛ-ºôh-¸ï¼-¼¤-ºHïhºyôºÛ-ºôh-GmÅ-GTÛG-bà-ºhÝ-zº¤ü ¿kôG-ºyôºÛ-ºôh-¸ï¼-D-HïÅ-q¼-ÇoP-zºÛGmÅ-ÁÛG
force
ÁÝGÅü
free fall
¼P-¿ËàP.ü
wÞP-G¸ÞGÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-¤HôGÅ-±h-h¤ü D-xôGÅ-Ťü »P-m-z¸ô-h‚ÛzÅ-N¼å z¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-Aïm-GP-»P-¼ÞP-zü Gô-¾ºÛ-ºfïm-ÁÝGÅ-Dô-mÅ-Aïm-qºÛ-
principle
Physics
hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü
119
ºGݾ-Bôhü friction
zl¼-ÁÝGÅü
hPôÅ-qô-GZÛÅ-ˆÛ-PôÅ-wm-±ßm-ºyh-qºÛhzP-GÛÅ-hPôÅ-qô-GTÛG-GÛÅ-hPôÅ-qôGŸm-ŸÛG-GÛ-ºGݾ-Bôh-ºGôG-qºÛ-mÝÅÁÝGÅü
fringes
º²¼ü
ºôh-wm-±ßm-ºfz-qº¤-ºEôG-ºyôºÛhzP-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-h;¼-V-mG-VºÛ-Áh¼ÛÅü
gravitational field
ºfïm-ÁÝGÅ-Ez-¼ü
zôPÅ-±h-È-TP-Vï-zºÛ-wÞP-G¸ÞGÅ-ÁÛG¼P-GÛ-Zï-ºDô¼-HÛ-zôPÅ-±h-Vï-zºÛ-wÞPG¸ÞGÅ-GŸm-ŸÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-hÝ-ºwôÅ-qºÛÁÝGÅ-Aïm-Ez-»Þ¾ü ºhÛºÛ-ºW¾-±hmÛü ;Û-¾ô-¼ï-¼ï¼-mÛºÞ-‡ôm-WÛ-»ôh-z¯ÛhGôÅü
gravity
ºfïm-ÁÝGÅü
zôPÅ-±h-Tm-HÛ-hPôÅ-qô-±P-¤Å-wm±ßm-ºfïm-¼ïÅ-‚ïh-qºÛ-©P-GŸÛºÛ-mÝÅÁÝGÅü
Hooke’s law
ÈàG-GÛ-PïÅ-Æô¾ü
m¼-¿kï¤-Tm-HÛ-hPôÅ-µÅ-ºfïm-qº¤z®Û¼-zºÛ-±h-hP.ü hïºÛ-ÇïeP-zz-qºÛÁÝGÅ-hP-fh-;¼-±h-¤Z¤-q¼-ºhôh±ß¾ü
humidity
zŸº-±mü
¤Dº-½ÀâP-mP-hÝ-VߺÛ-½ÀPÅ-q-¤P-ZÝP-WÛ®¤-»ôh-qºÛ-ºzô¼-±hü hï-¾-¿ôeÅzTÅ-hP-¿eôÅ-¤ïh-ˆÛ-zŸº-±m-GZÛÅ-
Physics
hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü
120
»ôhü hydrosphere
Vß-»Û-hˆÛ¾-ºDô¼ü VߺÛD¤Åü
źÛ-Gô-¾ºÛ-ÇeïP-ºôG-z¼-GÅÞ¤-hÝ-»ôhqºÛ-VߺÛ-n¤-q-f¤Å-Th-¾-¸ï¼-bïü hïºÛ-mP-Å-ÇeïP-GÛ-Vß-hP.ü M-¤±ô-hP.ü ¤±ô-hP.ü MãG-Vß-hP.ü Å-ºôG-GÛ-VßhP.ü hï-zŸÛm-GPÅ-hP.ü ºEGÅ-qhP-½ÀâP-D¤Å-mP-GÛ-Vß-zTÅ-ºhÝÅ»ôhü
Image
ÇoP-z½‰mü
hÐPÅ-Áï¾-hP-¤ï-¾ôP-GÛ-Eh-VôÅ-¾zdïm-mÅ-‚ãP-zºÛ-hPôÅ-G¸ÞGÅ-ÁÛG-GÛG¸ÞGÅ-z½‰m-m¤-hïºÛ-Pô-zÁÝÅ-ˆÛG¸ÞGÅü
impulse
P¼-ÁÝGÅü
hPôÅ-qô-TÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-hÝ-mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅ-ÁÛGºzz-qºÛ-ÁÝGÅ-hï-hP.ü hïºÛ-hÝÅ-»ÞmGZÛÅ-wm-±ßm-zNå¼-zºÛ-zNå¼-fôzü
inelastic collision
Åô¼-¤Û-Vßh-qºÛ-GhôP-fÞG
GhôP-fÞG-zMz-qºÛ-hPôÅ-qô-hï-hG-GÛz¸ô-h‚ÛzÅ-Z¤Å-q-hP-iôh-Bï-zü hhÝP-wm-±ßm-º‚¼-ÆÛh-qºÛ-GhôP-fÞGTÛG
inertia
ºGôG-ÁÝGÅ-¼P-GÁÛÅü
hPôÅ-µÅ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛÅ-¼P-GÛ-ºGݾBôh-ˆÛ-¼P-zŸÛm-¾-ºwô-ºHã¼-ºôP-z¼ºGôG-fzÅ-‚ïh-qºÛ-ÇoP-±ß¾ü
infrared rays
h¤¼-xÛºÛ-ºôh-¸ï¼ü
¤ÛG-GÛÅ-¤fôP-fÞz-qºÛ-ºôh-ˆÛ-±h¾ôPÅ-¾-Dh-ˆÛ-º‚ãP-fïPÅ-Tm-HÛ-JÀôG-
Physics
121
hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü
ÁÝGÅ-Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-½ÀzÅ-Mãm-hï-mÛ-ºHïhºyôºÛ-iôh-hP-¤Z¤-q-»Ûmü instantaneous
Ç+zÅ-fôG-¤HôGÅ-±hü
GmÅ-Ç+zÅ-GP-¼ÞP-ŸÛG-GÛ-¤HôGűhü
insulator
zMãh-FÛh-¤Û-‚ïh-qºÛ-µÅü
iôh-hP.ü JÀôG-hP.ü ºôh-hP-O-zTÅhï-¤Þ¼-zMãh-GbôP-¤Û-‚ïh-qºÛ-hPôŵÅ-ÁÛG
Interference
fï-ŸÝGÅü fï-‚ãÅü
º‚ãP-fïPÅ-¤±ßPÅ-qº¤ü »P-m-¤Û¤±ßPÅ-qºÛ-½ÀzÅ-ºGº-ŸÛG-¿Ëm-hݺhÝÅ-Ç+zÅ-º‚ãP-zºÛ-½ÀzÅ-ˆÛ-¿kï¤Dôh-ˆÛ-ºHã¼-zü
isotope
GmÅ-¤Z¤-D¤Å-µÅü
¿eï-z¼-wô-lݾ-HÛ-IPÅ-¤±ßPÅ-¼ÞP-z¼lݾ-HÛ-IPÅ-¤Û-¤±ßPÅ-qºÛ-D¤Å-µÅGTÛG-GÛ-lݾ-ym-GZÛÅ-Ť-hÝ-¤-¾ÅGTÛG
Kepler’s first law
;ïz-¾¼-PïÅ-Æô¾-hP-qôü
G¸º-Ç+¼-n¤Å-ZÛ-¤-¿eï-z¼-z¸ÞP-zºÛ¼P-¼P-GÛ-ºWôP-h‚ÛzÅ-ºDô¼-¾¤-hݺDô¼-z¼-ºhôh-±ß¾ü
;ïz-¾¼-PïÅ-Æô¾-GZÛÅ-qü
ZÛ-¤-hP-G¸º-Ç+¼-GP-»P-¼ÞP-z-ŸÛGz¼-HÛ-fÛG-GÛÅ-hÝÅ-¤±¤Å-GTÛG¤±ßPÅ-mP-m¤-¤DºÛ-M-Eôm-GTÛG¤±ßPÅ-zBôh-q¼-ºhôh-±ß¾ü
;ïz-¾¼-PïÅ-Æô¾-GÅÞ¤-qü
¾ôº¤ü ¹-zº¤ü ZÛm-IPÅ-ÅÞ-z¯ÛÅ-
speed
of planetary motion Kepler’s second law of planetary motion
Kepler’s third
Physics
122
law of planetary
hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü
qºÛ-G¸º-Ç+¼-ºDô¼-Bôh-ˆÛ-hÝÅ-»Þm-HÛ¼P-N¼å -hï-hP.ü G¸º-Ǽ+ -hï-hP-ZÛ¤ºÛ-hz¼-HÛ-V-ljô¤Å-MP-fG-hï-¿kzGÅÞ¤-Nå¼-‚Å-q-hP-GTÛG-¤±ßPÅ»Ûm-q¼-ºhôh-±ß¾ü
motion
kinetic energy
ºGݾ-ÇezÅ-mÝÅ-qü
ºGݾ-Bôh-ˆÛ-hzP-GÛÅ-hPôÅ-G¸ÞGÅŤü ¤-¾G-TÛG-¾-»ôh-qºÛ-mÝÅ-qü
Laser
¾ï-¸ï¼ü
¿kï¤-Dôh-È-TP-¤fô-¾-º‚ãP-fïPÅ»ôPÅ-ÅÞ-f-hh-qºÛ-GTÛG-ºhÝÅ-ˆÛºHïh-ºyôºÛ-ºôh-ºyô-z¼-‚ïh-qºÛ-»ôVÅ-GP-¼ÞP-ŸÛG
Law of universal gravitation
»ôPÅ-Ez-ºfïm-ÁÝGÅ-PïÅÆô¾ü
ºWÛG-dïm-D¤Å-ˆÛ-wÞP-G¸ÞGÅ-f¤ÅTh-¾-wm-±ßm-GTÛG-GÛÅ-GTÛG-ºfïm¼ïÅ-‚ïh-qºÛ-mÝÅ-q-»ôh-q-hP-ü ºfïmÁÝGÅ-hï-wÞP-G¸ÞGÅ-GZÛÅ-ˆÛ-Ghôűh-ˆÛ-ºHã¼-fôz-hP-fh-;¼-V-¤Z¤»Ûm-¾-wÞP-G¸ÞGÅ-GZÛÅ-hz¼-HÛ-MPfG-GÛ-¼P-Nå¼-hP-¾ÞGÅ-¿kôG-±h¤Z¤-»Ûm-±ß¾ü
lense
hÐPÅ-Áï¾ü
xÛ-Gž-mP-Gž-HÛ-»ô-VÅ-hï-mÅzMãh-qºÛ-ºôh-hï-GmÅ-GTÛG-bà-ºhÝzº¤-D-HïÅ-qºÛ-ÇKô-mÅ-ÇoP-z½‰mºV¼-mÝÅ-q-ŸÛG
light year
ºôh-¾ôü
G¸º-Ç+¼-hrh-¼ÛG-GÛ-mP-zïh-uôh-qºÛMP-fG-GÛ-¯Û-GŸÛ-Çïeü ºôh-ˆÛÅ-ÇôeP-
Physics
123
hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü
ÅP-ŸÛG-GÛ-mP-¾ô-GTÛG-¼ÛP-zIôh-qºÛMP-fG magnet
Dz-¾ïmü
Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-Ez-¼-Cæm-q¼-‚ïh-qºÛhPôÅ-µÅ-ÁÛG
magnetic field
Dz-¾ïm-Ez-¼ü
JÀôG-¸ÞPÅ-G»ô-ºGݾ-HÛ-hzP-GÛźHã¼-¿kôG-ºIô-zŸÛm-qºÛ-JÀôG-mÝÅ-Ez»Þ¾-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅ-Ez-źÛEômü
magnetic pole
Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-Çoïü
¿Ëô-hP-‚P-GÛ-f-ljh-¢¼-zºÛ-¿UGÅ-Dz¾ïm-HÛ-mÝÅ-q-Vï-ÁôÅ-»ôh-źÛ-Çoï-GZÛžÅ-GP-¼ÞP-ŸÛG
magnetic reversal
Dz-¾ïm-Gô-¿kôG
źÛ-Gô-¾ºÛ-Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-Ez-¼ºÛ-ºH㼿kôG-TÛG-Çeïü źÛ-Gô-¾ºÛ-¿Ëô-Çoï¼-Dz¾ïm-HÛ-‚P-Çoï-hP.ü źÛ-Gô-¾ºÛ-‚P-ÇoïhP-Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-¿Ëô-Çoï-hP-D-xôGźIÛG-±ß¾ü
magnetism
Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-¼P-GÁÛÅü
1ü Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-Ez-¼ºÛ-Eh-VôÅ-hPÁÝGÅ-Aïmü 2ü Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-Ez-¼Å-zCæm-qºÛ-mÝÅÁÝGÅü
magnetometer
Dz-¾ïm-ºW¾-VÅü
Ez-¼ºÛ-ÁÝGÅ-±h-hP-D-xôGÅ-ºW¾zºÛ-»ô-VÅü
Physics
124
hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü
mass
zôPÅ-±hü GhôÅ-±hü
hPôÅ-G¸ÞGÅ-¼GÅ-q-ŸÛG-GÛ-zOæz‚ºÛ-µÅ-Ťü »P-m-hPôÅ-G¸ÞGÅhïºÛ-mP-GÛ-µÅ-ˆÛ-ºzô¼-±hü
mechanics
ºfz-ÁÝGÅ-¼ÛG-qü
hPôÅ-G¸ÞGÅ-hP-hïºÛ-ÇeïP-ºzz-zŸÛmqºÛ-mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅ-GZÛÅ-wm-±ßm-ºfz-¾ïm¾-hrh-qºÛ-¼ÛG-qü
medium
zMãh-¾¤ü
ÁÝGÅ-hP-mÝÅ-q-¿e-zÞ-ºwô-zMãh-‚ïhźÛ-hPôÅ-µÅü
melting point
zŸÝ-GmÅü
±-iôh-ºhP-PïÅ-¢¼-z-¾Å-Æ-G¸ÞGňÛ-hPôÅ-µÅ-ÁÛG-GÁï¼-G¸ÞGÅ-ÅÞºHã¼-zºÛ-iôh-±hü
microwave
y-½ÀzÅü
º‚ãP-fïPÅ-Èص-hÝP-xã¼-GTÛG-mÅ-fＺzÞ¤-Vïm-qô-GÅÞ¤-z¼-HÛ-JÀôG-ÁÝGÅDz-¾ïm-HÛ-½ÀzÅ-ÁÛG
mixture
ºiïÅ-¤ü
hPôÅ-µÅ-GZÛÅ-Ť-hï-¾Å-¤P-z-ŸÛGwm-±ßm-µÅ-ºHã¼-HÛ-Çkïz-¢ô¼-¤-»Ûmq¼-zÆïÅ-q-ÇÀ¼-Åô-Åô¼-h‚ï-º‚ïh-fÞzfzÅ-»ôh-q-ŸÛG
molecules
Iâz-µÅü ºhÝÅ-lݾü
lݾ-ym-GZÛÅ-Ť-hï-¾Å-¤P-z-ŸÛGJÀôG-lݾ-fÞm-¤ôP-hÝ-uôh-qºÛ-ÇKô-mÅ-µÅ¢ô¼-HÛ-ºVÛP-M-ŸÛG-GÛ-mP-¤Z¤-hÝ£ï¾-z-¾-¸ï¼ü
momentum
ºGݾ-±hü
xôGÅ-±h-GZÛÅ-¿mk -HÛ-±h-GŸÛü wÞP-
Physics
125
hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü
G¸ÞGÅ-hP.ü ½ÀzÅ-hP.ü Ez-¼ÅôGÅ-xÛ-hPôÅ-ˆÛ-¤-¾G-GÛ-¥ã¼-±hhP-hïºÛ-mÝÅ-qºÛ-hz¼-HÛ-ºƒï¾-z-Çeôm‚ïhü neap tide
±ïÅ-½ÀzÅ-h¤º-ÁôÅü
¹-z-»¼-PôºÛ-xïh-hP.ü ¤¼-PôºÛ-xïh-hݺ‚ãP-zºÛ-¡-½ÀzÅü
neutron
¤-mÛP-lݾü z¼-lݾü
wô-JÀôG-hP-¤ô-JÀôG-GÛ-VôÅ-ZÛh-TÛ-»P-¤Û¿km-ŸÛP-„Ë-¼Û-»ôm-EÛ¤-±P-hÝ-GbôGÅqºÛ-Zï-zºÛ-lݾ-ym-HÛ-¸ïGÅ-¤ü hïºÛGhôÅ-±h-¾-JË-¼¤- 1.674 x 10-24 »Ûm-qÅ-JÀôG-lݾ-¾Å-¿kz1838 ¤P-z-hP-wô-lݾ-¾Å-TßP-¸hVï-z-»ôhü
Newton’s law of cooling
mÛºÞ-‡ôm-HÛ-IP-¾ÞGÅ-PïÅÆô¾ü
wÞP-G¸ÞGÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-±-iôh-Z¤Å-±ß¾-hïü wÞP-G¸ÞGÅ-hï-hP-hïºÛ-Dô¼-»ÞG-z¼-HÛiôh-±h-ˆÛ-Eh-q¼-hP-V-¤Z¤-q-»Ûmü
Newton’s first
mÛºÞ-‡ôm-HÛ-PïÅ-Æô¾-hP-qôü
wÞP-G¸ÞGÅ-ÁÛG-¾-WÛ-ÆÛh-mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅÁÛG-¤-ºyh-q-hï-ÆÛh-hÝ-G»ô-ºGݾ-¤ïhm-¼P-Åô¼-G»ô-¤ïh-hÝ-GmÅ-q-hP.ü G¾-bï-G»ô-ºGݾ-»ôh-q-ŸÛG-»Ûm-mü ¥ã¼-±h-ºw¼-VG-¤ïh-q¼-¤Þ-¤fÞhºGݾ-zŸÛm-hÝ-GmÅ-hGôÅü
law
Newton’s second law
mÛºÞ-‡ôm-HÛ-PïÅ-Æô¾-GZÛÅ-qü wÞP-G¸ÞGÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-hÝ-ºzz-qºÛÁÝGÅ-mÛ-wÞP-G¸ÞGÅ-hïºÛ-¥ã¼-±h-ºw¼V-hP-GhôÅ-±h-ˆÛ-zNå¼-fôz-hï-»Ûmü
Physics Newton’s third
126
hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü
law
mÛºÞ-‡ôm-HÛ-PïÅ-Æô¾-GÅÞ¤-qü ‚ïh-¾Å-WÛ-ºi-ŸÛG-»Ûm-¼ÞP.ü hï¼-hô¤Z¤-¿kôG-¹ºÛ-‚ïh-¾Å-»ôh-hGôÅü
nuclear fission
ZÛP-lݾ-ºz¼-GÅü
lݾ-ym-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-¿eï-zºÛ-V-hï-h-hÝPhݤ-zÞ-GZÛÅ-Ť-hÝ-¤¼-HïÅ-±ß¾ü
nuclear fusion
ZÛP-lݾ-¢ô¼-Çkïzü
lݾ-ym-HÛ-ZÛP-lݾ-Çkïz-qºÛ-±ß¾-bïü ‚ï-ƒG-bà-»P-½ÀâP-GÛ-ZÛP-lݾ-¾¤ü »P-zºÛ-ZÛP-lݾ-GŸm-zÇkïzÅ-q-¾ÅÈï-¾Û-»¤-HÛ-ZÛP-lݾ-¿e-zÞ-¿UÛ-zºÛ-ZÛPlݾ-ŸÛG-Iâz-±ß¾ü
nuclear reaction
ZÛP-lݾ-HÛ-n¤-ºHã¼ü
hݤ-zÞ¼-HïÅ-q-hP.ü ZÛP-lݾ-Çïkzqº¤ü »P-m-ºHïh-ºyôºÛ-hzP-GÛŸh-LÝh-ºIô-z-¿e-zÞºÛ-zMãh-¼Û¤-HÛÅAïm-qÅ-mÝÅ-qº¤ü »P-m-zôPÅ-±hxãP-zü »P-m-D-fô¼-zºÛ-hzP-GÛÅmÝÅ-q-xãP-Çeï-lݾ-ym-HÛ-ZÛP-lݾ-HÛOô¤-GŸÛ-¾-ºHã¼-z-ºIô-±ß¾ü
nucleus
¿eï-ZÛP.ü ¿eï-hzÞÅü
lݾ-ym-HÛ-wô-lݾ-GTÛG-G¤-hï-¾Å¤P-z-hPü »P-½âPÀ -¾Å-GŸm-qºÛlݾ-ym-±P-¤ü ¤-mÛP-lݾ-GTÛG-G¤hï-¾Å-¤P-z-GP-hÝ-ºhÝ-źÛ-lݾ-ym-HÛGhôÅ-±h-w¾-¤ô-Vï-±ôGÅ-qºÛ-hzÞÅ-ˆÛVü
optical fiber
ºôh-ˆÛ-fG-¼mü
ºHÛG-±Ûº¤-Áï¾-¾Å-Iâz-q-¿kï¤-ŸÛPxÛ-mP-Gž-zºÛ-ZG-¤-GP-ŸÛG-zMãhhïü hïºÛ-mP-GÛ-GTÛG-XïÅ-GZÛÅ-¤fÞh-
Physics
127
hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü
ˆÛ-¿kôG-ºyôÅ-ˆÛÅ-ºôh-ºwô-zMãh-fÞz-qü optics
ºôh-ÇoP-¼ÛG-qü
ºôh-ˆÛ-hPôÅ-G¸ÞGÅ-ˆÛ-Eh-GÁÛÅ-¾zdG-qºÛ-hPôÅ-D¤Å-±m-¼ÛG-GÛ-»m¾G
orbit
ºDô¼-¾¤ü
1ü ºfïm-ÁÝGÅ-ˆÛÅ-Aïm-qÅ-m¤¤DºÛ-G¸º-Ǽ+ -hP.ü zTôÅ-¤ºÛMã-Ç+¼-¿e-zÞ-ŸÛG-wÞP-G¸ÞGÅ-GŸmŸÛG-¾-ºDô¼-zºÛ-Mã-¾¤ü 2ü ZÛP-lݾ-HÛ-¤fº-Ç+ô¼-hÝ-zBôh-qºÛJÀôG-lݾ-¾¤ü »P-m-lݾ-¸ïGÅGŸm-HÛ-zdm-qºÛ-;ôm-‡¤-GmÅzz-TÛG
parabola
qï-¼-zô-¾¤ü GÝG-¾¤ü
Gô-¾ºÛ-ºfïm-ÁÝGÅ-Dô-mºÛ-ºôG-ºwïmG¸ÞGÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-ºIô-¾¤-GÝG-¤ôü
partial pressure
V-ÁÅ-Gmôm-ÁÝGÅü
G¾-bï-iôh-±h-GTÛG-qºÛ-ºôG-Æï-¢ô¼‚Å-qºÛ-½ÀâP-G¸ÞGÅ-n¤Å-¾Å-½ÀâPG¸ÞGÅ-GTÛG-¼P-GÛÅ-ºiïÅ-¤-hï-¼PhP-¤Z¤-qºÛ-ÁôP-±h-ˆÛ-Gô-Å-z¸ÞP-mü hïÅ-º‚Ûm-ÆÛh-qºÛ-Gmôm-ÁÝGÅü
periodic table
hÝÅ-ºDô¼-¼ïºÞ-¤ÛG
D¤Å-µÅ-n¤Å-¼P-GÛ-lݾ-ym-ÍPIPÅ-hP.ü hï-hG-GÛ-JôÀG-lݾ-HÛz;ôh-OÛG-¿¼e -zOÛGÅ-bïü Eh-Vôźi-¤±ßPÅ-ˆÛ-D¤Å-µÅ-n¤Å-;-fÛGGTÛG-bà-OÛ¾-zºÛ-¼ïºÞ-¤ÛG
Physics photoelectric effect
128
hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü
ºôh-ˆÛÅ-JÀôG-lݾ-ºzÞh-qºÛ- ¤Pôm-fÞz-qºÛ-ºôh-ˆÛÅ-ºWâG-ºyôºÛ-JÀôGmÝÅ-qü ÁÝGÅ-Dz-¾ïm-HÛ-ºHïh-ºyô-ŸÛG-GÛÅhPôÅ-µÅ-ÁÛG-mÅ-JÀôG-lݾ-n¤Å-xÛ¼ºzÞh-±ß¾ü
planet
G¸ºü
Ç+¼-ym-¾Å-Vï-ŸÛP-Ç+¼-¤-¾Å-VßPzºÛ-z¼-ÇoP-GÛ-wÞP-G¸ÞGÅ-Vï-IÅ-ÁÛGÇeïü hï-hG-Åô-ÅôÅ-ºôh-zCæm-¤Û-fÞzˆP-ü ¼P-ZÛh-GP-¾-ºDô¼-zºÛ-Ǽ+ ¤ºÛ-ºôh-ˆÛÅ-Gž-z¼-‚ïh-hôü
plasma
q-¾²-¤ü ¥G-¤ü
hPôÅ-µÅ-ˆÛ-GmÅ-Çz+ Å-zŸÛ-q-Çïeü ÆG¸ÞGÅ-hP.ü ½ÀâP-G¸ÞGÅ-hP-GÁï¼G¸ÞGÅ-ˆÛ-n¤-q-GÅÞ¤-¾Å-GŸm-qºÛlݾ-¤-±P-zº¤ü ¼P-G¼-GmÅ-qºÛJÀôG-lݾ-Tm-HÛ-hPôÅ-G¸ÞGÅü
potential energy
GmÅ-ÇezÅ-ˆÛ-mÝÅ-qü
wÞP-G¸ÞGÅ-GP-ŸÛG-¾-¼P-GÛ-GmÅÇePÅ-ˆÛ-hzP-GÛÅ-»ôh-qºÛ-mÝÅ-qü
pressure
Gmôm-ÁÝGÅü
¯Û-GŸÛºÛ-M-Eôm-GTÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-Mãm-¿kmhÝ-ºzz-qºÛ-ÁÝGÅ-Ťü »P-m-ÁÝGÅhP-Å-Eôm-GZÛÅ-ˆÛ-Çkݼ-fP-hï-»Ûmü
prism
ºWº-Áï¾-(h‚ÛzÅü)
lôG-G¸ÞGÅ-ÁÛG-GÛ-©P-GŸÛº¤-»P-mhïºÛ-¤fº-n¤Å-wm-±ßm-z¸ô-h‚ÛzÅhP-Vï-VßP-ºi-¤±ßPÅ-»Ûm-q-¤-¸hü hïºÛ-PôÅ-JÀÛP-n¤Å-¼ï-¼ï-zŸÛm-fh-GÁÛzIâ-zŸÛ-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-ÅÞ-PïÅ-qºÛ-z¸ôh‚ÛzÅü
Physics
129
hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü
projectile
NôGÅ-hPôÅü
Gô-¾ºÛ-ºfïm-ÁÝGÅ-ˆÛ-ÁÝGÅ-Aïm-ºôG½ÀâP-D¤Å-Ť-z¼-ÇoP-hÝ-Mã-zºÛ-hPôÅG¸ÞGÅ-ÁÛG
proton
wô-lݾü
„Ëï-¼Û-»ôm-EÛ¤-±P-hÝ-GbôGÅ-qºÛ-zdmGmÅ-y-lݾ-ŸÛG hïºÛ-GhôÅ-±h-J˼¤- 1.672 x 10-21 »Ûmü hï¾-JôÀG-¸ÞPÅ-wô-DÞ-¾ô¤- 1.602 x 10-19 ®¤-»ôhü
quantum
;ôm-‡¤ü
mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅ-hP-ü ¸Þ¼-DÞG ºGݾ-±h¿e-zÞ-V-ÁÅ-zGô-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛ-¤Pôm-q¼Gž-¾-»ôPÅ-ÅÞ-f-hh-qºÛ-hPôÅ-qôºÛEh-VôÅü
quantum theory
;ôm-‡¤-n¤-GŸG
;ôm-‡¤-ÁÝGÅ-hrh-¼ÛG-qºÛ-fzÅ-¾zdïm-mÅ-hPôÅ-qôºÛ-GÁÛÅ-¾ÞGÅ-ºGº¼ï¼-ºIï¾-zXôh-‚ïh-qºÛ-n¤-GŸG
radiation
ºHïh-ºyôü
º‚ãP-GmÅ-ÁÛG-mÅ-ºôh-¸ï¼-¼¤-½ÀzňÛ-n¤-q¼-ºHïh-qºÛ-mÝÅ-qü hqï¼-mü ±-iôh-hP.ü ºôhü O-¿-e zÞºôü
real image
ÇoP-z½‰m-Pô-¤ü
ºôh-ˆÛ-ºhÝ-GmÅ-Pô-¤-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-ÇoPz½‰mü
reflection
¿kôG-ºyôü
ºôh-hP-O-¿e-zÞºÛ-½ÀzÅ-ÁÛG-hPôÅ-qôGŸm-hP-ºyh-qºÛ-Aïm-HÛÅ-ºyh¤±¤Å-D-xôGÅ-GŸm-hÝ-ºHã¼-±ß¾ü
Physics
130
hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü
refraction
ºEôG-ºyôü
ºôh-hP-OºÛ-½ÀzÅ-¿e-zÞ-ŸÛG-ÇeàG-±h-¤Ûºi-zºÛ-zMãh-¾¤-GTÛG-mÅ-GŸm-hÝBôh-Ç+zÅ-½ÀzÅ-hïºÛ-D-xôGÅ-ºEôG±ß¾ü
resistance
ºGôG-ÁÝGÅü
1ü zl¼-ÁÝGÅ-¿-e zÞºÛ-mÝÅ-q-ŸÛG-GÛÅhPôÅ-qôºÛ-ºGݾ-Bôh-ˆÛ-¿kôGxôGÅ-ÅÞ-¤mm-bï-hPôÅ-qô-hïºÛºGݾ-Bôh-ºGôG-qº¤-h¾-hÝGbôP-ÇePÅü 2ü hPôÅ-µÅ-ÁÛG-GÛÅ-JôÀG-Mãm-ºwô-z¾-ºGôG-Aïm-WÛ-ljïh-z¸ô-zºÛ-±hü hïºÛ-±h-GŸÛ-Íö¤-HÛÅ-ºW¾-z»Ûmü
rotational speed
ºDô¼-±hü
hÝÅ-ˆÛ-¯Û-GŸÛ-PïÅ-Tm-ŸÛG-GÛ-mP-Ç+ô¼-zWÛ-®¤-ºDô¼-zºÛ-D-IPÅü Ç+zÅ-w¾¤ô-Vï¼-Ç+¼-Vº¤-Ç+¼-¤-¼ï-¼ï¼-ºDô¼fïPÅ-WÛ-»Ûm-HÛÅ-ºW¾-z-»Ûmü
satellite
ºDô¼-Ç+¼ü
wÞP-qô-Vï-z-ŸÛG-GÛ-¤fº-ºDô¼-hÝ-ºDô¼¾¤-PïÅ-Tm-fôG-Mã-zºÛ-wÞP-qô-VßP-zŸÛG
scalar quantity
GŸ¾-¼ÞP-ºzô¼-±hü
V-±h-GŸ¾-hÝ-»ôh-ˆP-D-xôGÅ-z¸ÞPhÝ-¤ïh-qºÛ-ºzô¼-V-ŸÛG hqï¼-m-Ghôűh-hP-ü ÁôP-±h-hP-ü ¤HôGÅ-±h¿e-zÞºôü
Physics specific heat
131
hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü
iôh-G¸ÞP-mÝÅ-qü
hPôÅ-µÅ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-zôPÅ-±h-ˆÛ-¯ÛGŸÛ-¼ï-¼ï¼-iôh-±h-WÛ-®¤-ºw¼-z-hP.ü hPôÅ-qô-hï¼-iôh-ˆÛ-mÝÅ-q-WÛ-®¤-ÅÛ¤-qGZÛÅ-ˆÛ-wm-±ßm-zÇkݼ-zºÛ-Vü
speed
¤HôGÅ-±hü
hÝÅ-±ôh-ˆÛ-¯Û-GŸÛ-ŸÛG-GÛ-mP-WÛ-®¤Bôh-qºÛ-MP-fG
spring tide
hrÛh-½ÀzÅü
ZÛ-¤-hP-ü Å-GŸÛ-hP-¹-z-n¤Å-iPfÛG-GTÛG-bà-GmÅ-qºÛ-hzP-GÛÅ-hÝŽÀzÅ-¤fô-z-n¤Å-V-ljô¤Å-¾Å-¤fô-zhP.ü hÝÅ-½zÀ Å-h¤º-z-n¤Å-Vljô¤Å-¾Å-h¤º-zºÛ-ÇoP-±ß¾ü
tide
hÝÅ-½ÀzÅü
G®ô-zô-¹-zºÛ-ºfïm-ÁÝGÅ-ˆÛ-hzP-GÛÅÅ-GŸÛºÛ-ÇïeP-GÛ-M-¤±ô-hP.ü ¤±ô-hP¤±ô-DÞG-n¤Å-ˆÛ-Vß-D-ºwï¾-ºIÛzºIô-ÇePÅü
ultra sound
1ü fôÅ-±h-zL¾-Oü 2ü zL¾-OºÛ-JôÀG-q¼ü
1ü ¤ÛºÛ-n-zºÛ-fôÅ-±h-¾Å-zL¾-qºÛº‚ãP-fïPÅ-Tm-HÛ-Oü(¼ôz-¯ÛÅ‚Å-m-Èص-ZÛÅ-FÛ-®¤ü) 2ü ¤ÛºÛ-fôÅ-±h-¾Å-zL¾-zºÛ-O½ÀzÅ-¾ÞÅ-ˆÛ-mP-zbP-z-xÛ¼-¿kôG‚ãP-z-¾Å-zbz-qºÛ-G¸ÞGÅ-z½‰m¾ïm-fzÅ-ÁÛG
ultraviolet light
ǨäG-xÛºÛ-ºôhü
ºôh-½ÀzÅ-ˆÛ-±h-¾Å-fÞP-»P-ºôh-¸ï¼HÛ-½ÀzÅ-¾Å-¼ÛP-zºÛ-ǨäG-¤±¤Å-mPGÛ-ºHïh-ºyôºÛ-ºôh-¸ï¼ü
capacity
Physics
132
hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü
universe
ºWÛG-dïm-HÛ-D¤Åü
zï¤-G¸ÞGÅ-hP.ü mÝÅ-qü m¤-¤DºWÛ-ljïh-f¤Å-Th-ºhÝÅ-qºÛ-uÛ-¤ÛP.ü
vector
xôGÅ-¿km-¤hº-dGÅü
xôGÅ-¿km-ºzô¼-±h-¤±ôm-‚ïh-hÝ-z;ôhqºÛ-±h-GŸÛ-PïÅ-qºÛ-¤hº-dGÅü
vector quantity
xôGÅ-¿km-ºzô¼-±hü
V-±h-hP-D-xôGÅ-GZÛÅ-;-Tm-HÛºzô¼-Vü hqï¼-mü ÁÝGÅ-±h-hP.ü ¥ã¼-±h-hP.ü ¥ã¼-±h-ºw¼-V-¿ezÞºôü
velocity
¥ã¼-±hü
ºGݾ-Bôh-ˆÛ-D-xôGÅ-PïÅ-qºÛ-hPôÅqôºÛ-¤HôGÅ-±hü
virtual image
ÇoP-z½‰m-¿e¼-ÇoP.ü
G¸ÞGÅ-z½‰m-GP-¾Å-¿kôG-qº¤ºEôG-qºÛ-ºôh-¸ï¼-hï-hG-D-HïÅ-q¼ÇoP-±ß¾ü hqï¼-mü PôÅ-¾ïz-¤ô-TmHÛ-¤ï-¾ôP-ŸÛG-GÛ-mP-G¸ÞGÅ-z½‰m¤fôP-±ß¾-¿e-zÞü
volt
JÀôG-GÛ-ÁÝGÅ-±hü ¶ô¾‡ü JÀôG-¾¤-HÛ-GmÅ-GP-ŸÛG-bà-JÀôGÁÝGÅ-ˆÛ-±h-ºW¾-zºÛ-¯Û-GŸÛü
wave
½ÀzÅü
ºGݾ-ºFâG-TÛG-zMãh-¾¤-ŸÛG-zMãhhï-ºIô-Ç+zÅ-hïºÛ-mÝÅ-ÁÝGÅ-zMãh-¾¤GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-y-lݾ-GTÛG-mÅ-GTÛG-bàºwô-MãG-‚ïh-ˆP.ü zMãh-¾¤-hï¼Gbm-ºWGÅ-ˆÛ-ºHã¼-z-¤Û-ÅôP-zü
wave length
½ÀzÅ-ˆÛ-¼ÛP-±hü
ºôh-hP-ü iôh-ÅôGÅ-mÝÅ-qºÛ-½zÀ Å-ˆÛ-
Physics
133
hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü
¯ï-¤ôº¤-¸ï-ºGô-GZÛÅ-hz¼-HÛ-MP-fG weight
¿YÛhü
hPôÅ-qô-ŸÛG-źÛ-Gô-¾º¤-z¼-ÇoP-GÛºfïm-ÁÝGÅ-ˆÛÅ-wÞP-G¸ÞGÅ-GŸm-ŸÛGGÛÅ-¿eï-zºÛ-xôGÅ-ÅÞ-±ß¼-ºGÝG-qºÛÁÝGÅü
weightlessness
¿YÛh-¤ïh-¼P-zŸÛmü
¼P-¿ËàP-GÛ-Ç+zÅ-ÅÞ-hPôÅ-qô-ŸÛG-¾ºhïGÅ-Bô¼-HÛ-ÁÝGÅ-GŸm-TÛ-»P-¤ïhqºÛ-GmÅ-ÇePÅ-ÁÛG
work
¯ô¾-zü
hPôÅ-qô-ŸÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-hÝ-zzÅ-qºÛ-mÝÅÁÝGÅ-hP-ü hïÅ-MP-fG-WÛ-®¤-ºGݾz-GZÛÅ-ˆÛ-hPôÅ-qô-hïºÛ-Nå¼-fôzü
work-energy
¯ô¾-mÝÅ-n¤-GŸG
hPôÅ-qô-ŸÛG-GÛ-ÇeïP-hÝ-‚Å-qºÛ-¯ô¾-zhï-hPôÅ-qô-hï¼-fôz-qºÛ-mÝÅ-q-hP¤±ßPÅ-q¼-ºhôh-±ß¾ü
theorem
Physics
134
hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü
Chemistry
135
µÅ-¢ô¼-¼ÛG-qü
zl-Vh-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-¾Å-ºV¼ü TIBETAN TERMINOLOGY PROJECT
µÅ-¢ô¼-¼ÛG-qºÛ-zl-Vhü CHEMISTRY TERMS
zôh-GŸÝP-Ǩm-¯ÛÅ-DP.hP.ü ÁïÅ-¼ÛG-¯ô¤-OÛG-±m-qü MEN-TSE-KHANG & PUBLICATION CELL / DOE
136
Chemistry
µÅ-¢ô¼-¼ÛG-qü
D¤Å-µÅ-hÅÝ -ºDô¼-¼ºï -Þ ¤GÛ ( Periodic Table of Elements) lݾ-IPÅü
D¤Å-µÅü
¤±ôm-dGÅü
1
Hydrogen
H
2
Helium
He
3
Lithium
Li
4
Beryllium
Be
5
Boron
B
6
Carbon
C
7
Nitrogen
N
8
Oxygen
O
9
Fluorine
F
10
Neon
Ne
11
Sodium
Na
12
Magnesium
Mg
13
Aluminium
Al
14
Silicon
Si
15
Phosphorus
P
16
Sulphur
S
17
Chlorine
Cl
18
Argon
Ar
19
Potassium
K
20
Calcium
Ca
21
Scandium
Sc
22
Titanium
Ti
23
Vanadium
V
24
Chromium
Cr
25
Manganese
Mn
zôh-zlü »P-½ÀâP.ü Èï-¾Û-»¤ü ¾Û-fÛ-»¤ü zï-¼Û-¾Û-»¤ü ±-¾-mG-qôü mG-µÅü ;¼-zômü ¸ï-½ÀâP-ü ÆôG-º²Ûm-½ÀâP.ü º±ô-½ÀâP.ü wÞ-¾ô-¼Ûmü mï-½ÀâP.ü zÞ¾-µÅü h;¼-G»ºü È-»P.ü ÅÛ-¾Û-;ômü ºôh-ˆÛ-¤-¤ü ¤Þ-¸Ûü ±Ð-½ÀâP.ü ͼ-Gômü GZÝG-½ÀâP.ü hÝG-Åï¾-h;¼-qôü h;¼-Á¤ü TôP-ŸÛü ÅÛ-;m-^Û-»¤ü ‡ñ-‡ï-mÛ-»¤ü ¶ï-mÛ-^Û-»¤ü ;ô-¿GU Åü ¤ïP-¿UGÅü
µÅ-¢ô¼-¼ÛG-qü
137
Chemistry 26
Iron
Fe
27
Cobalt
Co
28
Nickel
Ni
29
Copper
Cu
30
Zinc
Zn
31
Gallium
Ga
32
Germanium
Ge
33
Arsenic
As
34
Selenium
Se
35
Bromine
Br
36
Krypton
Kr
37
Rubidium
Rb
38
Strontium
Sr
39
Yttrium
Y
40
Zirconium
Zr
41
Niobium
Nb
42
Molybdenum
Mo
43
Technetium
Te
44
Ruthenium
Ru
45
Rhodium
Rh
46
Palladium
Pd
47
Silver
Ag
48
Cadmium
Cd
49
Indium
In
50
Tin
Sn
51
Antimony
Sb
52
Tellurium
Te
53
Iodine
I
¿UGÅü ;ô-z×¾ü GÁº-±ïü GÁº-h;¼ü ¸PÅü bÛ-±ü JËï-¾Û-»¤ü W¼-¤ï-mÛ-»¤ü z-„Àü Åï-¾ï-mÛ-»¤ü zÞ¼ô-¤Ûmü Ç~Å-½ÀâP-ü ¼Þ-zÛ-^Û-»¤ü Çœôm-Á¤ü »Û-‡-¼Û-»¤ü ²Û¼-;ô-mÛ-»¤ü mïºô-zÛ-»¤ü ¤ô-¾Û-z-^Û-m¤ü ‡ïG-aï-ÁÛ-»¤ü ¼Þ-fï-mÛ-»¤ü ¼ô-^Û-»¤ü q-¾ï-^Û-»¤ü hPÞ¾ü bÛ-±-Ð BïÅü Dï-^-¤Û-»¤ü ¤fÛP-¿UGÅü (¿UGÅ-)=Ûmü ¤ÛG-Ǩmü ‡ï-¾Þ-¼Û-»¤ü ¿~-±Ðü
138
Chemistry 54
Xenon
Xe
55
Cesium
Cs
56
Barium
Ba
57
Lanthanum
La
58
Cerium
Ce
59
Praseodymium
Pr
60
Neodymium
Nd
61
Promethium
Pm
62
Samarium
Sm
63
Europium
Eu
64
Gadolinium
Gd
65
Terbium
Tb
66
Dysprosium
Dy
67
Holmium
Ho
68
Erbium
Er
69
Thulium
Tm
70
Ytterbium
Yb
71
Lutetium
Lu
72
Hafnium
Hf
73
Tantalum
Ta
74
Tungsten
W
75
Rhenium
Re
76
Osmium
Os
77
Iridium
Ir
78
Platinum
Pt
79
Gold
Au
80
Mercury
Hg
81
Thallium
Tl
µÅ-¢ô¼-¼ÛG-qü ²ïm-½ÀâP.ü Åï-ÅÛ-»¤ü zï-¼Û-»¤ü ¾ïm-fï-m¤ü Åï-¼Û-»¤ü Å-¿ËºÛ-G»P-µÅü q-¼×-ÅÛºô-^Û-¤Û-»¤ü mÛºô-^Û-¤Û-»¤ü qô¼-¤ï-fÛ-»¤ü Å-¤-¼Û-»¤ü »Þ-¼ô-qÛ-»¤ü Gh-hô-¾Û-mÛ-»¤ü bؼ-zÛ-»¤ü ^ï-qô¼-ÅÛ-»¤ü Èô¾-¤Û-»¤ü Íï¼-zÛ-»¤ü fÞ-¾Û-»¤ü »Û-‡¼-zÛ-»¤ü ¾Þ-‡ï-ÁÛ-»¤ü Èz-mÛ-»¤ü bm-b-¾¤ü ‡P-ÅÛ-‡mü ¼ï-mÛ-»¤ü Íô-ÅÛ-¤Û-»¤ü ÍÛ-¼Û-^Û-»¤ü GÅï¼-h;¼-qôü GÅï¼ü hPÞ¾-Vßü fï¾-¾Û-»¤ü
µÅ-¢ô¼-¼ÛG-qü
139
Chemistry 82
Lead
Pb
83
Bismuth
Bi
84
Polonium
Po
85
Astatine
At
86
Radon
Rn
87
Francium
Fr
88
Radium
Ra
89
Actinium
Ac
90
Thorium
Th
91
Protactinium
Pa
92
Uranium
U
93
Neptunium
Np
94
Plutonium
Pu
95
Americium
Am
96
Curium
Cm
97
Berkelium
Bk
98
Californium
Cf
99
Einsteinium
Es
100
Fermium
Fm
101
Mendelevium
Md
102
Nobelium
No
103
Lawrencium
104
Rutherfordium
Rf
105
Dubnium
Db
106
Seaborgium
Sg
107
Bohrium
Bh
108
Hassium
Hs
109
Meitnerium
Mt
Lw / Lr
Ÿ-Zïü zÛ-ÅÛ-¤-fü qô-¾ô-mÛ-»¤ü ÍÅï-‡ï-‡Ûmü Pz-½ÀâP.ü w-¼×m-ÅÛ-»¤ü ¼ï-^Û-»¤ü ÍïG-‡Û-mÛ-»¤ü fô-¼Û-»¤ü qÞ-¼ô-‡ïG-‡Û-mÛ-»¤ü »Þ-¼ï-mÛ-»¤ü ¤±ô-¿ËºÛ-mô¼-zÞü qÞ-¾Þ-‡ô-mÛ-»¤ü Í-¤ï-¼Û-ÅÛ-»¤ü Eã-¼Û-»¤ü z¼-;ï-¾Û-»¤ü ;ï-¾Û-wô¼-mÛ-»¤ü Íïm-Å-ï‡ñm-mÛ-»¤ü w¼-¤Û-»¤ü ¤ïm-^ï-¾ï-¶Û-»¤ü mô-zï-¾Û-»¤ü ¾×-¼ïm-ÅÛ-»¤ü ¼Þ-f¼-wô¼-^Û-»¤ü ^z-mÛ-»¤ü Å×Û-zô¼-WÛ-»¤ü zô-¼Û-»¤ü È-ÅÛ-»¤ü ¤×Ûh-mï-¼Û-»¤ü
µÅ-¢ô¼-¼ÛG-qü
140
Chemistry 110
Darmstadtium
Ds
111
Roentgenium
Rg
112
Ununbium
Uub
113
Ununtrium
Uut
114
Ununquadium
Uuq
115
Ununpentium
Uup
116
Ununhexium
Uuh
h©-Åï-bïh-ÁÛ-»¤ü ¼ôm-Gï-mÛ-»¤ü D¤Å-µÅ- 112 qü D¤Å-µÅ- 113 qü D¤Å-µÅ- 114 qü D¤Å-µÅ- 115 qü D¤Å-µÅ- 116 qü
141
Chemistry
µÅ-¢ô¼-¼ÛG-qü
alkali
»-z->-Ä ¼ü mÅ-±ÛG-f¾-zü mÅ-ÇSôm-qô-hï-¤ï-¾-zÆïGÅ-mÅ-ŸG-bà¾ôm-qºÛ-f¾-z-hïºÛ-D¼-VGÅ-qºÛ-z-±Ðºi-z-hï-»Ûmü
alloy
zÆïÅ-¿UGÅü
¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-¤Û-ºi-z-GZÛÅ-Ť-GZÛžÅ-¤P-z-¤Z¤-zÆïÅ-‚Å-qº¤ü »P-m-¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-hP-¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-¤»Ûm-qºÛ-µÅ-GŸm-hP-zÆïÅ-mÅ-IâzqºÛ-µÅ-Ť-hPôÅ-qôü
aluminium
È-»P.ü
hPÞ¾-HÛ-¤hôG-ºi-¾-»P-zü ¾ÅzTôÅ-GbôP-Ç-À zü z®º-hP-G»º-iïGºGôG-mÝÅ-¿km-qºÛ-¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-ÁÛG ¤±ôm-dGÅ- Al lݾ-IPÅ- 13ü
anhydrous
VßÅ-hzïm-qºÛü
µÅ-GP-ŸÛG-¾Å-VߺÛ-lݾ-¾ôGÅ-ÅÞh‚ï-¸Ûm-qºÛü
anion
¤ô-lݾü
¤ô-JÀôG-Tm-HÛ-lݾ-ym-m¤ü JÀôG-¿kmÇkïz-µÅ-ˆÛ-‚ÛPÅ-µÅü
argon
ͼ-Gômü GZÝG-½âPÀ .ü
iÛ-hP-¤hôG-ƒ¾-ŸÛP-ü IâP-Á-¤Û-¿mk qºÛ-½ÀâP-G¸ÞGÅ-D¤Å-µÅ-ÁÛG-Çeïü ½ÀâP-D¤Å-hP-¤ï-¼ÛºÛ-½ÀPÅ-q-mÅ-‚ãPzü JÀôG-GÛ-Áï¾-bôG-GÛ-Vïh-º±G-‚ïhhÝ-z;ô¾-VôG ¤±ôm-dGÅ- Ar lݾ-IPÅ- 18ü
arsenic
z-„Àü
hPÞ¾-¤hôG-¿¼e -h;¼-¾ü VG-Ç-À zü hÝG-ÁÅ-Vï-zºÛ-D¤Å-µÅ-ÁÛG ºhÛºÛ-
142
Chemistry
µÅ-¢ô¼-¼ÛG-qü
Çkïz-µÅ-n¤Å-ºzÞ-hÝG-hP.ü Áï¾ü Ǩmü Zï-zºÛ-Mãh-µÅ-ÅôGÅ-z¸ô-z¼-zïhuôh-‚ïhü ¤±ôm-dGÅ- As lݾIPÅ- 33ü beeswax
zÞP-zºÛ-v-±Û¾ü
£P-zÞºÛ-±P-GÛ-Mã-V-v-±Û¾ü D-hôGÅï¼-qôº¤-ǨäG-mG-ˆP-»ôhü
borax
±-¾-h;¼-qôü
¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-¤-»Ûm-qºÛ-Gbï¼-µÅ-ÁÛGÇeïü Vß-¾Å-‚ãP-ŸÛP-¼ÛGÅ-GÅÞ¤-»ôhü zÆïGÅ-±ï-zŸÝ-ŸÛP-Dô¾-¾-¿~ä-z-h;¼-qôƒ-zôºÛ-»ôÅ-¿¼e -ºwï¾-z-z¸P.ü zŸÝ»P-¤Û-ºwï¾-z-ºƒÛP.ü ¤Û-zŸÝ-z-Pmü hï-Áï¾-hP.ü ºFâÅ-µÅü Ǩm-¼ÛGŵÅ-¢ô¼-hÝ-¤ºÛ-Iâz-V-G®ô-zô-»Ûmü
brass
¼G
¸PÅ-hP-bÛ-±-GZÛÅ-zÆï-¢ô¼-‚Å-mÅIâz-qºÛ-¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-Åï¼-qô-ŸÛG
bronze
¾Ûü
G®ô-zô-¸PÅ-hP-=Ûm-GZÛÅ-¾Å-Iâz-qºÛzÆïÅ-¿UGÅ-ÁÛG
carbohydrate
Å-VߺÛ-ljÛP-qôü
;-¼-hP-ºƒâ-¼ÛGÅ-ˆÛ-¤P¼-zTßh-ÅôGÅfï-zºÛ-Bï-¿km-Çkïz-µÅ-‚ï-ƒG-qºÛ-¼ÛGÅü ÆôG-VGÅ-ˆÛ-¾ÞÅ-º±ô-zºÛ-¸Å-zTßhG®ô-zô-ŸÛG
carbon
;¼-zôm-º±ô-½ÀâP-AP-¿kmü
iÛ-hP-D-hôG-ƒ¾-ŸÛP.ü hÝG-ÁÅ-Vï-zºÛµÅ-½PÀ Åü mG-µÅ-zÆïGÅ-q-V-±Pz¼-ºz¼-¤-fÞz-q-¾Å-‚ãP-z-ŸÛG
monoxide
µÅ-¢ô¼-¼ÛG-qü
143
Chemistry carnauba wax
b-¾ôºÛ-v-±Û¾ü
z-¼×-²Û¾-»Þ¾-HÛ-b-¾ºÛ-ÁÛP-GÛ-¾ô-¤¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-v-±Û¾-Æ-zô-ŸÛG hï-¯ÛhP.ü ¤Vß-±ôÅü mG-ÁôG-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-MãV¼-z;ô¾-VôG
cation
wô-lݾü
wô-JÀôG-¿km-qºÛ-lݾ-ymü
compound
ºhÝÅ-µÅü
D¤Å-µÅ-GZÛÅ-Ť-hÝ-¤-V-±h-PïÅTm-hÝ-zÇkïzÅ-qºÛ-µÅü
copper
¸PÅü
D-¤hôG-h¤¼-¾-ÇäG¨ -q-hP.ü ¤ZïmŸÛP-lÝP-Çoôm-¼ÞP-zºÛ-¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-ÁÛGÇeïü G»º-iïG-ºGôG-mÝÅ-¿mk -¾ü iôh-hP-JÀôG-Mã-ÇÀ-zºÛ-hPôÅ-µÅ-z¸P-qôŸÛG-»Ûmü ¤±ôm-dGÅ- Cu lݾIPÅ- 29ü
diamond
lô-Xï-w-¾¤ü
mG-µÅ-¿Ëh-¤ïh-ˆÛ-¿ËP-G¸ÞGÅü uÛ¼D-hôG-¤ïh-¾-¼P-‚ãP-GÛ-Gbï¼-µÅü Æ-¤FïGÅ-ˆÛ-±h-¤fô-ÁôÅ-hï-»Ûmü
ductile
GZôh-Ç-o z¸P-zü
Ço-¼ÛP-¾-¤Zïm-q-hP-ü ºfïm-mÝÅ-Vïzü ¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-ˆÛ-ºfïm-AôP-hP-zlÝPz¸ô-‚ïh-fÞz-qºÛ-Eh-VôÅü
element
D¤Å-µÅü
µÅ-¢ô¼-HÛ-‚-fzÅ-hˆãÅ-¤Å-D-ƒ¾GbôP-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛ-µÅ-ˆÛ-Iâz-V-VßPÁôÅü
ethane
ÍÛ-fïmü
D-hôG-hP-iÛ-Ph-ƒ¾-ŸÛP-¼P-‚ãP-½ÀâP-GÛ-
144
Chemistry
µÅ-¢ô¼-¼ÛG-qü
Iâz-V-ŸÛG-Çïeü ºzÞh-µÅ-hP.ü ºEGÅ-µÅ-ÅôGÅ-¾-zïh-uôh-‚ïhü ethanol
ºƒâ-VP.ü hÐPÅ-¼G
»¾-ÇÀ-¾-D-hôG-ƒ¾-ŸÛP-ºz¼-mÝÅVï-zºÛ-ºƒâ-¼ÛGÅ-ˆÛ-zG-±Û-hP-;-¼ÅôGÅ-¾-wz-¢ô¼-‚Å-q-¾Å-‚ãPzºÛ-VP.zTßhü hï-ºFâÅ-µÅ-hP.ü zŸÝ-DÞü ¥ôÅ-‚ïh-ˆÛ-zbàP-z-ÅôGž-zïh-uôh-‚ïhü
fission
GÅ-fô¼ü
lݾ-µÅ-D-GÅ-bï-fô¼-±ß¾ü
formaldehyde
¤Û-fÛ¾-»P-ºHã¼ü
iÛ-Ph-µÅ-½âÀP-ü µÅ-ºhÛ-¼Þ¾ÅÞPÅ-ºGôG-fzÅ-hP.ü GZmºWô¤Åü ¢¼-Çït¾-hP-±ôÅ-ÅôGÅz¸ô-Mã¼-zïh-uôh-‚ïhü
fructose
ÁÛP-ºƒÅ-¤P¼-Vü
ÁÛP-ºƒÅ-¤P¼-¤ô-hP-£P-¯ÛºÛ-mP»ôh-qºÛ-¤P¼-Vü
fusion
zŸÝ¼-Çkïzü
µÅ-ºi-¤Ûm-n¤Å-ŸÝ¼-zº¤-zŸÝ¼z-¿e¼-¤Z¤-hÝ-ÇkÝh-qü
glucose
¤P¼-µÅü
ÁÛP-ºƒÅ-hP-£P-¯Ûü ÆôG-VGňÛ-FG-zTÅ-ˆÛ-mP-¼P-zŸÛm-hÝ-»ôhqºÛ-¤P¼-Vü
gold
GÅï¼ü
¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-ˆÛ-D¤Å-µÅ-Åï¼-qô¿YÛh-Vï-¾ü ºHã¼-¤Û-Bïm-qü ¤Zïm-HôP-ljô¤Å-ÁÛP-lÝP-Çoôm-¼ÞP-
µÅ-¢ô¼-¼ÛG-qü
145
Chemistry
z-ŸÛG ¤±ôm-dGÅ79ü
Au
lݾ-IPÅ-
helium
Èï-¾Û-»¤ü
½ÀâP-G¸ÞGÅ-D¤Å-µÅ-iÛ-hP-ƒ¾-ŸÛP.ü ºz¼-mÝÅ-Ÿm-q-¼P-‚ãP-½ÀâP-¼ÛGÅ-GŸmHÛ-mP-hÝ-º‚ãP-z-ŸÛG hï-Gm¤-Iâ-hP.ü ¿KP-zÞü zŸÝ-¤¼ü ºEGÅ-µÅ-hPºƒï¾-zºÛ-Z¤Å-ŸÛz-ÅôGÅ-¾-uôhü ¤±ôm-dGÅ- He lݾ-IPÅ- 2ü
hydracid
º±ô-½ÀâP-ƒ¾-zºÛ-Bå¼ü
º±ô-½ÀâP-GÛ-lݾ-ym-¤ïh-qºÛ-Bå¼-µÅü
hydrocarbon
»P-½ÀâP-mG-µÅü
»P-½ÀâP-hP-mG-µÅ-GZÛÅ-Dô-m-¾Å-IâzqºÛ-Bï-¿mk -ºhÝÅ-µÅü hqï¼-mü zïm²ïm-hP.ü ¤Û-fïm-¿-e zÞü
hydrogen
»P-½ÀâP.ü
D-hôG-hP-iÛ-Ph-ƒ¾-ŸÛP-ºz¼-mÝÅ-¿km¾ü h-z¼-ÁïÅ-dôGÅ-»ôh-qºÛ-hPôÅ-µÅ¤fº-hG-¾Å-»P-zºÛ-½ÀâP-G¸ÞGÅD¤Å-µÅ-ÁÛG ¤±ôm-dGÅ- H lݾ-IPÅ- 1ü
hydrogen bond
»P-½ÀâP-¤fÞh-Dü
»P-½ÀâP-GÛ-y-lݾ-HÛÅ-£ï¾-zºÛ-lݾ-ymºiïÅ-Ç+zÅ-ˆÛ-µÅ-¢ô¼-HÛ-¤fÞh-D-¤Ûzdm-q-ŸÛG
hydrogen ion
»P-½ÀâP-GÛ-ZÛP-lݾ-wôü
»P-½ÀâP-GÛ-JÀôG-lݾ-hzïm-qºÛ-ZÛP-lݾwôü ¤±ôm-dGÅ- H+
iron
¿UGÅü
D-hôG-h;¼-ŸÛP-Ço-¼ÛP-¾-¤Zïm-qºÛ-
146
Chemistry
µÅ-¢ô¼-¼ÛG-qü
¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-D¤Å-µÅ-ÁÛG lô-zŸÝÅ-q¾Å-º‚ãP.ŸÛP-z½Àm-hP-±Ð-½ÀâP-yh-mz®º-VGÅ-ÇüÀ ¯Û-ÁÛP-hP-ÆôG-VGž-¤ïh-hÝ-¤Û-¼ÞP-z-»Ûmü Dz-¾ïm-HÛmÝÅ-q-ºWâG-ÇüÀ ¤±ôm-dGÅ- Fe lݾ-IPÅ- 26ü isomer
µÅ-¤±ßPÅ-ºhÝÅ-µÅü
µÅ-¢ô¼-HÛ-Vô-G-GTÛG-¾-h‚ÛzÅ-¤ÛGTÛG-qºÛ-ºhÝÅ-µÅ-bïü hïºÛ-mP-IâzVºÛ-D¤Å-µÅ-hP.ü hï-hG-GÛ-¿ÛYh-±h¤Z¤-»P-Iâz-µÅ-ˆÛ-VGÅ-Oô¤-¤Û-ºizºÛ-hzP-GÛÅ-hPôÅ-GÁÛÅ-hP-µÅºHã¼-HÛ-Eh-VôÅ-¤Û-ºi-z-»Ûmü
isotope
GmÅ-¤fÞm-D¤Å-µÅü
lݾ-IPÅ-GTÛG-G¤-µÅ-ˆÛ-Eh-VôŤ±ßPÅ-ˆP.ü lݾ-ym-HÛ-¿YÛh-±h-¤ÛGTÛG-qºÛ-D¤Å-µÅ-ˆÛ-¼ÛGÅü
lanolin
z¾-HÛ-±Ûü
¾ÞG-GÛ-z¾-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-Çoݤ-±Û¾ü ©Ç¨m-hP-¤²ïÅ-¢ô¼-‚ãG-µÅ-¼ÛGÅ-z¸ôz¼-zïh-uôh-Vïü
lead
Ÿ-Zïü
¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-D¤Å-µÅ-¿YÛh-Vï-ŸÛP¤Zïm-q-hP.ü lÝP-Çôom-¼ÞP-¾-D-hôG-ÇôSBü ºhÛ-JôÀG-µÅ-hP-zÆïÅ-¿GU Å-Ç-o ±ôGÅ-hP.ü ºhÝÅ-µÅ-ºi-¤Ûm-z¸ôMã¼-uôh-ÇôK-¤P.ü ¤±ôm-dGÅ- Pb lݾ-IPÅ- 82ü
lithium
¾Û-fÛ-»¤ü
¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-D¤Å-µÅ-¤Zïm-¾-hPÞ¾-
147
Chemistry
µÅ-¢ô¼-¼ÛG-qü
¤hôG-¿¼e -h;¼-zü »P-ŸÛP.ü JÀôGµÅ-hP-µÅ-GŸm-z¸ô-zCæm-Vïh-zïhuôh-‚ïhü ¤±ôm-dGÅ- Li lݾIPÅ- 3ü mercury
hPÞ¾-Vßü
¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-D¤Å-µÅ-¿YÛh-Vï-¾-DhôG-hPÞ¾-¿e¼-h;¼-zºÛ-GÁï¼-G¸ÞGÅ¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-ÁÛG-»Ûmü Ç+zÅ-¼ï-¼P-Az¼-º‚ãP-z-»ôh-ˆP.ü w¾-Vï-z-¤Þ-¸ÛhP-¤Z¤-ºiïÅ-ÅÞ-º‚ãP.ü ¤±ômdGÅ- Hg lݾ-IPÅ- 80ü
methane
m-½âPÀ .ü ¤Û-fïmü
iÛ-hP-D-hôG-ƒ¾-ŸÛP-ºz¼-mÝÅ-¿km-¾¼P-‚ãP-½ÀâP-GÛ-Iâz-V-¤P-IÅ-ÁÛG-»Ûmü ºzÞh-µÅ-ÅÞ-zïh-uôh-q-hP-ü »P-½âPÀ hP-Bï-¿km-ºhÝÅ-µÅ-ºi-¤Ûm-¤P-qôºÛº‚ãP-DÞPÅ-G®ô-zô-ŸÛG-»Ûmü
methanol
ÁÛP-¼G
D-hôG-ƒ¾-ŸÛP.ü ºz¼-mÝÅ-¿mk -¾-hÝGÁÅ-Vï-zºÛ-ÁÛP-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-VP.zTßhTÛG hï-ºzÞh-µÅ-hP.ü zŸÝ-‚ïhü ºEG-ºGôG-ÅôGÅ-¾-zïh-uôh-‚ïhü
neon
Gż-½ÀâP.ü
ÁÛm-bà-h;ôm-¾ü D-hôG-ƒ¾-ŸÛP-IâP-Á¤Û-¿km-qºÛ-½ÀâP-G¸ÞGÅ-D¤Å-µÅ-ÁÛG
oxyacid
º±ô-½ÀâP-¿km-qºÛ-Bå¼ü
ÆôG-º²Ûm-½ÀâP-GÛ-lݾ-ym-hP-ºiïÅ-mÅIâz-qºÛ-Bå¼ü
oxygen
ÆôG-º²Ûm-½âPÀ .ü
º±ô-½âPÀ .ü D-hôG-iÛ-¼ô-ƒ¾-ŸÛP-ÆôG-º±ô-z-hP.ü
148
Chemistry
µÅ-¢ô¼-¼ÛG-qü
¤ï-ºz¼-z¼-¤ïh-hÝ-¤Û-¼ÞP-zºÛ-½ÀâPG¸ÞGÅ-D¤Å-µÅ-ÁÛG ºhÛ-ZÛh½ÀâP-D¤Å-mP-¼P-A¼-º‚ãP-¾-hïºÛ¿S-V-GTÛG-¸Ûm-HÛ-»ôhü ¤±ômdGÅ- O lݾ-IPÅ- 8ü paraffin wax
lô-Çoݤ-v-±Û¾ü
¤hôG-h;¼-qôº¤-¤hôG-ƒ¾-zü lô-Çoݤ-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-»P-½ÀâP-hPmG-µÅ-GZÛÅ-ºiïÅ-q-¾Å-IâzqºÛ-v-±Û¾-ºi-zºÛ-µÅ-ÁÛG hï-¾×ÁôG ºW¤-Çݤo ü »P-¾×ü ¾-VÅôGÅ-z¸ô-zCæm-Vïh-zïh-uôh-‚ïhü
petrolatum
lô-Çoݤ-wÛG-wÛG
lô-Çoݤ-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-ŸG-µÅ-wÛGwÛG-ºi-z-Ç+¤-¤Ûm-½Àôm-¤Ûm-HÛ-»P½ÀâP-hP-mG-µÅ-GZÛÅ-ºiïÅ-q-¾ÅIâz-q-ŸÛG ºhÛ-‚ãG-Çm¨ -hP-;ô-zÇoݤ-ŸG-ºhôm-q-¾-zïh-uôh-‚ïhü
propane
qô¼-qïmü
lô-Çoݤ-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-D-hôG-ƒ¾-ŸÛP¿YÛh-Vï-zºÛ-µÅ-ÁÛG hï-½ÀâPG¸ÞGÅ-hP-ü ºzÞh-µÅü ºEGÅ-µÅ-ÅôGÅ-¾-zïh-uôh-‚ïhü
silver
hPÞ¾ü
D-hôG-h;¼-¾ü È-TP-GZôh-Ç-o z¸P-zü lÝP-Çôom-¼ÞP-zü iôh-hPJÀôG-GÛ-Mã-¾¤-z¸P-ÁôÅ-»Ûm-qºÛ¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-D¤Å-µÅ-ÁÛG ¤±ôm-dGÅ- Ag lݾ-IPÅ47ü
149
Chemistry
µÅ-¢ô¼-¼ÛG-qü
soluble
zŸÝ¼¼ÞP.ü zŸÝ-zºÛü
zŸÝ-‚ïh-ˆÛ-GÁï¼-µÅ-GP-»P-¼ÞP-zºÛmP-zŸÝ¼-¼ÞP-zü
solute
zŸÝ¼-µÅü
zŸÝ-‚ïh-ˆÛ-GÁï¼-µÅ-mP-zŸÝ¼-zºÛ-µÅü
solution
ŸÝmü
µÅ-GTÛG-G¤ü »P-m-hÝ-¤-µÅ-GŸmŸÛG-GÛ-mP-zŸÝ¼-mÅ-µÅ-hïºÛ-lݾ-ÅôÅô¼-ŸÛG-fô¼-hÝ-ºHã¼-±ß¾ü
solvent
zŸÝ-‚ïhü
¼P-GÛ-mP-hÝ-µÅ-GŸm-zŸÝ-z¼-‚ïh-qºÛhPôÅ-qôü
spermaceti
Z-Vïm-v-±Û¾ü
v-±Û¾-Tm-HÛ-Z-Vïm-¶ï¾-hP.ü Z->Àâ-¤ôn-¼ÛP-GÛ-¤Gô-zôºÛ-Çoݤ-¾Å-‚ãP-zºÛ-µÅh;¼-qô-v-±Û¾-ºi-z-ŸÛG ºhÛ-‚ãGµÅ-hP.ü ©-Çm¨ ü »P-¾×-ÅôGÅ-z¸ôzCæm-Vïh-zïh-uôh-‚ïhü
sulphur
¤Þ-¸Ûü
Å-ºôG-mÅ-fôm-qºÛ-Gbï¼-µÅü D-hôGÅï¼-B-Tm-HÛ-¿UGÅ-¼ÛGÅ-¤-»Ûm-qºÛD¤Å-µÅ-ÁÛG hï-¾-¼ÛGÅ-h;¼-Å＿YP-mG-zŸÛ-»ôhü ¤±ôm-dGÅ- S lݾ-IPÅ- 16ü
sulphur dioxide
¤Þ-¸Û-º±ô-½ÀâP-¸ÞP-¿kmü
¿UÛ-ŸÛP-D-hôG-ƒ¾-zü hzÞGÅ-ÅÞz-qºÛ½ÀâP.ü GÁï¼-hÝ-ºHã¼-Ç-À zü h;¼¤hPÅ-ºhôm-q-hP.ü hÝG-Åï¾ü ¼Þ¾ÅÞPÅ-ºGôG-µÅ-ÅôGÅ-¾-zïh-uôh-‚ïhü
150
Chemistry
µÅ-¢ô¼-¼ÛG-qü
sulphuric acid
¤Þ-¸ÛºÛ-Bå¼ü
Çoݤ-ŸG-º±ï¼-¾-D-hôG-ƒ¾-ŸÛP-G»ºµÅ-ˆÛ-mÝÅ-q-Vï-zºÛ-GÁï¼-µÅ-ÁÛG ºhÛ±ôÅ-hP.ü ±ôm-¯Ûü ¾Þhü ºz¼-µÅÅôGÅ-z¸ô-Mã¼-zïh-uôh-Vïü
sulphurous acid
¤Þ-¸ÛºÛ-Bå¼-±Ðü
¤Þ-¸Û-hP-»P-½ÀâP-GZÛÅ-¾Å-Iâz-qºÛBå¼-µÅ-ÁÛG
xenon
²ïm-½ÀâP.ü
¿UÛ-¾-D-hôG-ƒ¾-zü µÅ-GŸm-hPzÇkïzÅ-m-n¤-q-¤Û-ºHã¼-zºÛ-½ÀâPG¸ÞGÅ-ˆÛ-D¤Å-µÅü D-½âPÀ -mP-ZÝPÁÅ-¾Å-¤ïh-q-ŸÛG ¤±ôm-dGÅ- Xe lݾ-IPÅ- 54ü
Botany
151
¯Û-ÁÛP-¼ÛG-qü
zl-Vh-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-¾Å-ºV¼ü TIBETAN TERMINOLOGY PROJECT
¯Û-ÁÛP-¼ÛG-qºÛ-zl-Vhü BOTANICAL TERMS
zôh-GŸÝP-Ǩm-¯ÛÅ-DP.ü MEN-TSE-KHANG / TMAI
1
8
16
20
¯Û-ÁÛP-¼ÛG-qü
152
Botany
2
3
4
10
9
17
21
5
11
18
22
6
7
12
13
14
15
24
25
26
27 28
19
23
¾ô-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅü 1 ºWôP-h‚ÛzÅü 2 ¤hÝP-h‚ÛzÅü 3 ljÛP-h‚ÛzÅü 4 ÇKôP-h‚ÛzÅü 5 ÇKôP-G¸ÞGÅ-¿kôG-¤ü 6 ¤D¾-G¸ÞGÅü 7 Eï¤-zÞºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-Tmü 8 ¾Û-»¼-h‚ÛzÅü 9 ¤hº-¯ïºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-Tmü 10 wÞz-h‚ÛzÅü 11 ÅôG-h‚ÛzÅü 12 ¤hÝP-¯ïºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-Tmü 13 ¯ï-ljàP.ü 14 ¯ï-lݤü 15 Ç~¼-h‚ÛzÅü 16 ¯ï-¤ô-ljàP-¼ÛP.ü 17 ¾ô-¤-¤Gô-ZG 18 ¤WâG-ºi-V-¿kmü 19 ¯ï-nômü 20 G®ß G -nô m -y-¤ô ü 21 ¯ï - ZG 22 lj Û P -G¸Þ G Å-¿k ô G -¤ü 23 ¹â ¤ -h‚Û z Å-Tmü 24 ¿Uï-h‚ÛzÅü 25 ¤hÝP-G¸ÞGÅ-¿kôG-¤ü 26 ºWôP-m¼ü 27 Oô-h‚ÛzÅü 28 Dz-h‚ÛzÅü
Botany
153
¯Û-ÁÛP-¼ÛG-qü
acicular
Dz-h‚ÛzÅü
Dz-¿e¼-y-¾-nô-zºÛ-¾ô-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅü hqï¼-mü fP-ÁÛP-GÛ-¾ô-¤-hP-Ǥ+ -BïůÛ-ÁÛP-¿e-zÞü
acuminate
¯ï-ljàP.ü
¿eô-z-TßP-¸h-ºzÞ¼-¾ü ¯ï-¤ôºÛ-xôGÅÅÞ-Wï-y¼-ºIô-zºÛ-¾ô-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅü
acute
¯ï-nômü
¿eô-z-TßP-¸h-;ôP-zºÛ-¯ï-¤ô-nô-¾-fÞP-zºÛ¾ô-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅü
algae
Vß-z¾ü Z-¿ÛzU Åü
¯-z-hP.ü ÇkôP-qôü ¾ô-¤-Åô-Åô¼-h‚ïMã-¤ïh-TÛP-Vß-mP-hÝ-Bï-zºÛ-¯Û-ÁÛP-¼ÛGÅü
angiosperms
Åôm-Ç+ôGÅ-Tmü
¤ï-bôG-hP.ü Åôm-Çô+GÅ-Tm-HÛ-Å-zôm¿km-qºÛ-¯Û-ÁÛP-GÛ-uÛ-¤ÛP-ü
annual
¾ô-ºDô¼-¯Û-ÁÛP.ü ¾ô-ºDô¼- Bï-ºwï¾-hÝÅ-»Þm-¾ô-GTÛG-mP-¤ï-bôGº±ô-ÁÛP.ü hP-ºƒÅ-zÞ-VGÅ-mÅ-Ç+¤-qºÛ-¯Û-ÁÛP¼ÛGÅü
apiculate
¯ï-¤ô-ljàP-¤Zïmü
¯ï-¤ô-y-ŸÛP-nô-¾-fÞP-ŸÛP-¤Zïm-qºÛ-¾ô¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅü
aristate
¯ï-¤ô-ljàP-¼ÛP.ü
¯ï-¤ô-wG-¸ï-ºi-¾-¼ÛP-zºÛ-¾ô-¤ºÛh‚ÛzÅü
ascendent
ºiôP-Bïü
Hïm-hÝ-ºiôP-qô¼-Bï-zºÛ-¯Û-ÁÛP.ü
biennial
¾ô-GZÛÅ-º±ô-ÁÛP.ü
hÝÅ-»Þm-¾ô-GZÛÅ-mP-¤ï-bôG-hP.ü ºƒÅ-zÞ-VGÅ-qºÛ-XïÅ-ÅÞ-Ç+¤-qºÛ-¯Û-
¯Û-ÁÛP-¼ÛG-qü
154
Botany
ÁÛP-¼ÛGÅü biosphere
Bï-¿km-º±ô-GmÅü
ÆôG-VGÅ-hP-¯Û-ÁÛP-ÅôGÅ-Bïºwï¾-HÛ-V-Aïm-º²ô¤Å-qºÛ-ºDô¼Mü
branch
»¾-G
¯Û-ÁÛP-GÛ-ÇkôP-qô-¾Å-HïÅ-qºÛ-»m¾G
bryophyte
IôG-ÁÛP-GÛ-¼ÛGÅü
¼ï-¼¾-hP-ÇSô-iïGÅ-¿e-zÞ-Vß-ºiïmÇ~ä-GÝ-¤ïh-qºÛ-¯Û-ÁÛP-ü
bud
fïºÞü
¤ï-bôG-hP-¾ô-¤ü »¾-G ÇkôP-qô¿e-zÞ-GP-¾Å-fôm-qºÛ-¤-ǨÛm-qºÛ¤Vï-z-ºhz-Ç+ôGÅ-ˆÛ-mP-hÝ-GmÅqºÛ-V-ÁÅü
caudate
¤WâG-ºi-V-¿kmü
Q-¤-ºi-zºÛ-V-ÁÅ-Tmü
chloroplast
¿YP-µÅ-y-wÞP.ü
¼P-º±ôºÛ-¯Û-ÁÛP-¿YP-DÞ-¼ÛGÅ-ZÛºôh-¾-zÇem-q-n¤Å-¾-»ôh-qºÛ-BÛfÞ¤-HÛ-¤-¾G ºôh-ˆÛ-¢ô¼-Çkïz-¾¤Dô-Vï-zºÛ-±ôm-µÅ-¿YP-DÞ-Tm-¾»ôh-qºÛ-y-wÞP.ü
circinate
¤Å-ºEÛ¾ü
¿kݤ-qô-¼ï-¼¾-HÛ-¾ô-¤-¿e-zÞ-¯ï-¤ômÅ-fÞ¼-hÝ-ºEÛ¾-zºÛ-h‚ÛzÅü
cirrhous
ŸGÅ-ºEÛ¾ü
¾ô-¤ºÛ-¯ï-¤ô-y-¾-£æ¾-ŸGÅ-¿e¼ºEÛ¾-zü
Botany
155
¯Û-ÁÛP-¼ÛG-qü
climber
ºFÛ-ÁÛP.ü
GŸm-¾-ºFÛ¾-mÅ-Bï-ºwï¾-‚ïh-qºÛ-¯ÛÁÛP.ü
cordate
ljÛP-h‚ÛzÅü
¾ô-¤ºÛ-¯-z-ÇKô¼-¾-¯ï-¤ô-nô-z-ljÛPh‚ÛzÅ-ºi-zü
cotyledon
Åôm-ºhzü
Åôm-Ç+ôGÅ-»ôh-qºÛ-¯Û-ÁÛP-¼ÛGÅ-ˆÛ-Åzôm-HÛ-fôG-¤ºÛ-ºhz-¤ü
creeper
Å-º²Ûm-ÇkôP-qôü
ż-Z¾-mÅ-Bï-ºwï¾-‚ïh-fÞz-qºÛ-¯ÛÁÛP.ü
decumbent
ż-Z¾-ÇkôP-zÞü
ÇkôP-qô-ż-Z¾-mÅ-Bï-ºwï¾-‚ïh-ˆP-¯ï¤ô-Hïm-¾P-hÝ-Bï-zºÛ-¯Û-ÁÛP.ü
deltoid
ÅôG-h‚ÛzÅü
¸Þ¼-GÅÞ¤-ºi-zºÛ-¾ô-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅü
dicotyledon
Åôm-ºhz-GZÛÅ-¿kmü
¤ï-bôG-hP.ü Åôm-Çô+GÅ-Tm-HÛ-Å-zôm¿km-qºÛ-¯Û-ÁÛP-GÛ-mP-GÅïÅ-Åôm-ºhzGZÛÅ-¿km-HÛ-¯Û-ÁÛP-Çkï-±mü
elliptic
ºWôP-h‚ÛzÅü
¾ô-¤ºÛ-¯-z-hP.ü ¯ï-¤ô-GZÛÅ-y-¾hˆÛ¾-Ç~ô¤-q-ÇKô-P-ºi-zºÛ-h‚ÛzÅü
emarginate
¾ô-¤-¤Gô-ZG
¯ï-¤ô¼-ZG-TßP-¸h-Tm-HÛ-¾ô-¤ü
environment
Dô¼-»ÞG
GP-¸G-G¤-Bï-hPôÅ-GP-ŸÛG-GÛ-GmŻ޾-HÛ-xÛºÛ-V-Aïm-HÛ-M-Eôm-»ôPŵôGÅü
156
Botany
¯Û-ÁÛP-¼ÛG-qü
ephemeral
¾m-¤P-Bï-zºÛü
º±ô-GmÅ-Mãm-ºDô¼-fÞP-zÅ-m¤-¹GTÛG-GÛ-mP-Bï-fïPÅ-¤P-qô-‚ïh-fÞzqºÛ-¯Û-ÁÛP-GÛ-¼ÛGÅü
epiphyte
½ÀâP-ÁÛP.ü
Å-ºôG-bà-¯-z-¤ïh-q¼-¯Û-ÁÛP-GŸm¾-zdïm-mÅ-Å-ÇeïP-hÝ-º±ô-GmÅfÞz-qºÛ-¯Û-ÁÛP.ü
evergreen
Mãm-¿YP.ü
¾ô-Pô-ÉÛ¾-qô¼-¾ô-¤-¤-Ç+¤-q¼-¼PÅô¼-GmÅ-qºÛ-¯Û-ÁÛP.ü
flower
¤ï-bôG
¯Û-ÁÛP-GÛ-ºƒÅ-zÞ-hP-Å-zôm-VGÅ‚ïh-ˆÛ-hzP-qô-¿e-zÞ-»Ûm-ŸÛP-h‚ÛzÅhP-D-hôG-¤Û-ºi-z-Ço-±ôGÅ-»ôhü
frond
¼ï-¼¾-¾ô-¤ü
¼ï-¼¾-¾ô-¤-hP-b-¾ºÛ-¾ô-¤º¤-hïhG-hP-ºi-zºÛ-V-ÁÅü
fungi / fungus
Ȥ-Çtäü
G®ô-zô-iôh-GÁï¼-¾-zdïm-mÅ-Bï¿km-GŸm-HÛ-ÇeïP-VGÅ-qºÛ-ÇSô-Ȥ¿YP-DÞü
fusiform root
wP-h‚ÛzÅü
¯Û-ÁÛP-GÛ-¯-z-¤Gô-¤WâG-y-¾-hˆÛ¾Ç~ô¤-qºÛ-h‚ÛzÅü
grass
¯Óü
G®ô-zô-ÇKô-xãGÅ-d-mô¼-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-¸ÅÅÞ-¼ÞP-zºÛ-¯Û-ÁÛP-GÛ-‚ï-ƒG-¾ô-¤hP.ü GŸÝP-d-y-¾-¤Zïm-qºÛ-¼ÛBïÅ-ÇSô-¼ÛGÅü
Botany
157
¯Û-ÁÛP-¼ÛG-qü
growth
º±¼-¾ôPÅü Bï-ºwï¾ü
Bï-¿km-HÛ-hPôÅ-qôºÛ-¼ÛGÅ-Wï-Vï¼-ºIôÇePÅü
gymnosperms
Åôm-Ç+ôGÅ-¤ïh-qºÛ-¯Û-ÁÛP.ü
ÁÝm-Ç+ôGÅ-¤ïh-qºÛ-Å-zôm-Tm-HÛ-¯Û-ÁÛPGÛ-uÛ-¤ÛP-ü
halophyte
±Ð-fÞz-¯Û-ÁÛP.ü
z-±ÐºÛ-ºhÝÅ-±h-¤fô-zºÛ-Å-V¼-ºiÛÅhzP-GÛÅ-Bï-ºwï¾-fÞz-qºÛ-¯Û-ÁÛP¼ÛGÅü
hastate
¤hÝP-¯ïºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-Tmü
h‚ÛzÅ-¤hÝP-¯ï-ºi-ŸÛP-¾ô-¤ºÛ-Ǩh-TßPy-¾-ºyïh-fh-hÝ-Bï-zºÛ-¾ô-¤ü
hydrophyte
½Àm-Bï-¯Û-ÁÛP.ü
VߺÛ-mP-hP-ºh¤-ÅôGÅ-½Àm-GÁï¼-VïźÛ-GmÅ-ÅÞ-º±ô-GmÅ-fÞz-qºÛ-¯Û-ÁÛP.ü
lanceolate
¤hÝP-h‚ÛzÅü
¯ï-¤ô-y-¾-¿ôe-zºÛ-ŸïP-TßP-¸h-Vï-zü ¯zºÛ-xôGÅ-ÅÞ-ŸÝ¼-zºÛ-¾ô-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅü
leaf
¾ô-¤ü
¯Û-ÁÛP-GÛ-V-ÁÅ-h‚ÛzÅ-ºi-¤Ûm-Ço±ôGÅ-q-ŸÛG-Çïeü w¾-Vï-z-»¾-G-hPZÛP-¾G-GÛ-ÇeïP-hÝ-Bï-¾-hïºÛ-‚ïh-¾ÅG®ô-zô-¯Û-ÁÛP-¾-¤Dô-zºÛ-ºôh-ˆÛ-Çkïz-¢ô¼hP-½Àm-GÁï¼-xÛ¼-ºzÞh-‚-Mã-zTÅ-»Ûmü
leaf base
¾ô-¤ºÛ-ŸzÅ-¼ü
¯Û-ÁÛP-GÛ-¾ô-¤ºÛ-@P-¯-»ôh-źÛ-GmÅbïü hï-¾-z¸ô-h‚ÛzÅ-Ç-o ±ôGÅ-»ôhü
leaf shape
¾ô-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅü
¯Û-ÁÛP-GÛ-¾ô-¤ºÛ-z¸ô-¿e-PïÅ-Tm-¤hºhP.ü ¤hÝP.ü ljÛP-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-
¯Û-ÁÛP-¼ÛG-qü
158
Botany
Tm-¿e-zÞü liana(liane)
ºFÛ¾-ÁÛP.ü
ÇkôP-G¸ÞGÅ-¤ïh-qºÛ-ºFÛ-ÁÛP-GÛ-‚ïƒG ÁÛP-ÇôkP-GŸm-¾-ºEãh-mÅÅ-ÇeïP-mÅ-ÁÛP-ÇkôP-GÛ-¯ï-¤ô-z¼-ºIôzºÛ-¼ÛGÅü
ligulate
¿Uï-h‚ÛzÅü
¯ÓºÛ-¾ô-¤ºÛ-¯-z-ÅôGÅ-ÅÞ-º‚ãP-zºÛ¿Uï-h‚ÛzÅ-ºi-zºÛ-¤-¾G
linear
Oô-h‚ÛzÅü
hˆãÅ-¼ÛP-¾-D-ŸïP-VßP-zºÛ-¾ô-¤ü
lyrate
¾Û-»¼-h‚ÛzÅü
¾ô-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-¯ï-¤ô-TßP-Vï-ŸÛP-Ǩhy-z-¾Û-»¼-¼ô¾-V-ºi-z-ŸÛG
mesophyte
ljô¤Å-GmÅ-¯Û-ÁÛP.ü
Å-zTßh-±-IP-¿e-zÞ-Dô¼-»ÞG-¤Ûljô¤Å-qºÛ-¼ÛGÅ-¾-Gô¤Å-ºiÛÅ‚ïh-¤Û-fÞz-qºÛ-¯Û-ÁÛP.ü
midrib
¾ô-¤ºÛ-¯-Vïmü
¾ô-¤ºÛ-ŸzÅ-¼-mÅ-¯ï-¤ôºÛ-z¼-MãGqºÛ-¯-¼ÛÅ-hzÞÅ-¤ü
moist
zŸº-±m-Tmü
½Àm-GÁï¼-TßP-¸h-Tmü
mould
1ü Ȥ-Çäüt 2ü ÇSô-z¤ü
1ü ¼Þ¾-ÅÞPÅ-ÅÞ-Hã¼-qºÛ-Ȥ-ÇtähP-G»º-Çtä-GP-»P-¼ÞP-zü 2ü Çtä-ZG-y-¤ô-¿e-zÞºÛ-ÇeïP-hÝ-lݾf¾-VGÅ-q-¿e¼-¤Pôm-qºÛȤ-ÇtäºÛ-¼ÛGÅü
Botany
¯Û-ÁÛP-¼ÛG-qü
159
mucro
G®ßG-nômü
JÀô-zÞ¼-hÝ-ºzÞ¼-zºÛ-¾ô-¤ºÛ-¯ï-¤ô-nô-qôü
mucronate
G®ßG-nôm-Tmü
JÀô-zÞ¼-hÝ-nô-¾-fÞP-zºÛ-Dz-¿e-zÞºÛ-¾ô¤ºÛ-¯ïü
mucronulate
G®ßG-nôm-y-¤ôü
JÀô-zÞ¼-hÝ-nô-¾-¯ï-¤ô-y-zºÛ-¼ÛGÅü
obcordate
ljÛP-G¸ÞGÅ-¿kôG-¤ü
ljÛP-h‚ÛzÅ-Gô-¿kôG-qºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-Tmü
oblanceolate
¤hÝP-G¸ÞGÅ-¿kôG-¤ü
¾ô-¤ºÛ-¯ï-¤ô-TßP-y-¾-hˆÛ¾-ŸïP-Vï-zü ¯-zºÛ-xôGÅ-ÅÞ-¼Û¤-zŸÛm-Wï-y¼-ºIôzºÛ-¾ô-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅü
oblong
ºWôP-m¼ü
D-ŸïP-¾Å-hˆãÅ-TßP-¼ÛP-z-Iâ-zŸÛ-m¼¤ôºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-ºi-zü
obovate
ÇKôP-G¸ÞGÅ-¿kôG-¤ü
¾ô-¤ºÛ-¯ï-¤ô-ŸïP-Vï-ŸÛP-¯-zºÛ-xôGÅ-yzü
obtuse
¯ï-lݤü
¾ô-¤ºÛ-¯ï-¤ô-lݤ-lݤ-¤¤-ÇKô¼-ÇKô¼-Tmü
odour
iÛ-Pmü
iÛ-¤-Pm-qü
orbicular
¹â¤-h‚ÛzÅ-Tmü
¾ô-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-¹â¤-qôº¤-ÇKô¼-zü hqï¼-mü qj¨ºÛ-¾ô-¤-¿-e zÞü
ovate
ÇKôP-h‚ÛzÅü
¾ô-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-ÇKô-P-ºi-ŸÛP-hˆÛ¾-hPǨh-xôGÅ-ŸïP-D-Vï-zü
palmate
Ç~¼-h‚ÛzÅü
¾ô-¤-ÇKô¼-¾-Vï-ŸÛP-¾G-¤GôºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-
(orbiculate)
¯Û-ÁÛP-¼ÛG-qü
160
Botany
ºi-zü fh-GÁÛz-¯-¼ÛÅü
¾ô-¤ºÛ-¯-z-mÅ-¯ï-¤ôºÛ-xôGÅ-ÅÞ¤Z¤-GÁÛz-bà-MãG-qºÛ-¯-¼ÛÅü
parasite
GŸm-zdïm-¯Û-ÁÛP.ü
º±ô-GmÅ-GŸm-zdïm-HÛ-¯Û-ÁÛP-uÛºÛ¼ÛGÅü
peltate
wÞz-h‚ÛzÅü
¾ô-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-ÇKô¼-ŸÛP-GhÝGźi-zü P¼-z-¾ô-¤ºÛ-hˆÛ¾-hÝVGÅ-qü
perennial
¾ô-¤P-º±ô-ÁÛP.ü
¾ô-¤P-Bï-ºwï¾-hP-º±ô-GmÅ-‚ïhqºÛ-¯Û-ÁÛP-¼ÛGÅü
petiolate
ŸzÅ-¼-P¼-£ï¾ü
¾ô-¤ºÛ-ŸzÅ-¼-P¼-z-hP-£ï¾-zºÛ¯Û-ÁÛP.ü
petiole
P¼-zü
¾ô-¤ºÛ-Ǩh-V-GP-¾-º‚¼-źÛ-@P¯ü
phloem
Bï¾-ºiïm-wÞP-Iâzü
;-¼-hP-zTßh-µÅ-GmÅ-GTÛG-mÅGŸm-hÝ-Çtô-zºÛ-‚ïh-¾Å-Tm-HÛ-wÞPIâzü
photosynthesis
ºôh-ˆÛ-¢ô¼-Çkïzü
¯Û-ÁÛP-GÛ-¾ô-¤ºÛ-¿YP-MãÅ-ºôh-ˆÛmÝÅ-q-¾-zdïm-mÅ-Vß-hP-mG-µÅ½ÀâP-zTÅ-¾Å-º±ô-zTßh-zÇkÝ-¾ïm‚ïh-qºÛ-µÅ-ºHã¼ü
parallelodromous (parallel venation)
Botany
161
¯Û-ÁÛP-¼ÛG-qü
procumbent
ż-Z¾ü
ÇkôP-qô-hPôÅ-Gž-¤ïh-q¼-»¾-G-żZ¾-mÅ-Bï-ºwï¾-‚ïh-qºÛ-¯ÛÁÛP.ü
reniform
¤D¾-G¸ÞGÅü
¾ô-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-¤D¾-¤-ºi-zü
repent
GŸÝP-d-ż-Z¾ü
GŸÝP-d-Å-¾-Z¾-mÅ-Bï-ºwï¾-‚ïh-qºÛ¯Û-ÁÛP.ü
reticulodromous
i-z-¯-¼ÛÅü
¾ô-¤ºÛ-¯-¼ÛÅ-i-z-¿e¼-£ï¾-zü
retuse
¯ï-ZG
¯ï-¤ô-dà¾-¾-ZG-D-TßP-¸h-Tmü
rhododendron
ÇeG-¤ü
Mãm-hÝ-ÇôS-zºÛ-ÁÛP-ym-ŸÛG-»Ûmü ÁÛPÁÝm-mG-B-ºyïh-¾-GÅ-»ôhü ¿UãG-¤¿YP-B-GZï¼-¤-Tmü ¾ô-¤-¿PY -ŸÛP¤fÞG ¤ï-bôG-h¤¼-B-Åï-ºƒâ-¿PY -DÞ»Ûmü
rhombate or rhomboidal
Iâ-zŸÛ-D-ºEôG-h‚ÛzÅ-Tmü ¸Þ¼-DÞG-ºiôP-qô-Tm-¤-»Ûm-qºÛ-¤Z¤zMãGÅ-¤fº-zŸÛ-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-ºi-zü
root
¯-zü
¯Ó-hP-ÁÛP-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-Å-ºôG-bà-»ôh-qºÛV-ÁÅ-bïü ¯Û-ÁÛP-hï-¤Û-ºHï¾-z¼-ÅÇeïP-hÝ-zdm-qô¼-GmÅ-q-hP.ü Å-ºôGmÅ-½Àm-GÁï¼-hP-Bï-¤ïh-±Ðº¤-zTßhµÅ-¼ÛGÅ-ºiïm-qºÛ-‚ïh-¾Å-Tm-môü
sagittate
¤hº-¯ïºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-Tmü
¯ï-¤ô-¤hº-¯ï-hP-ºi-ŸÛP-Ǩh-V-¤hº-
(reticulate venation)
¯Û-ÁÛP-¼ÛG-qü
162
Botany
ÁôG-ºi-zºÛ-¾ô-¤ü saprophyte
z¤-º±ô-¯Û-ÁÛP.ü
xÛºÛ-ºWâ-‚ïh-¤-¾G-¾-zdïm-mÅ-Bï¿km-HÛ-¼Þ¾-¯ÛºÛ-mP-º±ô-zº¤GmÅ-qºÛ-¯Û-ÁÛP-¼ÛGÅü
scandent
fh-ºEãhü
ºFÛ-fG-¤ïh-ˆP-¯Û-ÁÛP-GŸm-¾ºFÛ¾-bï-Bï-zºÛ-¯Û-ÁÛP.ü
seed
Å-zômü Åômü
¯Û-ÁÛP-GÛ-¥ã-Gݺ¤-G¸ÞGÅ-Gż-qGP-mÅ-ºzÞÅ-qºÛ-Åômü
shoot
¤Vï-zü ÅïºÞü
Å-zôm-hP-¯Û-ÁÛP-GÛ-¾ôGÅ-mÅ-¥ã-GÝhP-ü ¾ô-¤ü »¾-G-ÅôGÅ-GżhÝ-ºzÞÅ-qºÛ-Vü
soboliferous
Å-ºôG-¤Vï-ºzÞÅü
Å-ºôG-mÅ-¤Vï-z-»¼-ºzÞÅ-bï-ÇkôPqô-ÇeàG-qô-º²ÛP-mÅ-Bï-ºwï¾-‚ïhqºÛ-¯Û-ÁÛP.ü
spatulate
Eï¤-zÞºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-Tmü
¾ô-¤ºÛ-¯ï-¤ô-ŸïP-Vï-ŸÛP-ŸzÅ-¼-y¾-¼ÛP-zü
Åôm-¿km-¯Û-ÁÛP.ü
ºiïm-Ç~äG-hP.Å-zôm-¿km-qºÛ-Çkï±m-HÛ-¯Û-ÁÛP-Çïeü hï-¾-mP-GÅïÅh‚ï-mü 1ü Å-zôm-ÁÝm-Çô+GÅ-Tm-hPü 2ü Å-zôm-ÁÝm-Çô+GÅ-¤ïh-q-GZÛÅ»ôhü
(spathulate) spermatophyte
Botany
163
¯Û-ÁÛP-¼ÛG-qü
sprout
¥ã-GÝ-ºzÞÅ-qü
Å-zôm-mÅ-¥ã-GÝ-Gż-hÝ-fôm-qü
stem
ÇkôP-qôü GŸÝP-dü
¯Û-ÁÛP-GÛ-@P-»Þ-G®ô-zô-Çïeü GP-¾Å»¾-G-hP.¾ô-¤ü ¤ï-bôG-ÅôGÅ-zdïmqºÛ-GŸÛºôü
stipule
¾ô-yâG
¾ô-¤ºÛ-¯-z-hP.GŸÝP-d-ºƒï¾-¤±¤ÅÅÞ-Bï-zºÛ-Ç+ôGÅ-ÁÝm-m¤-±ï¼-¤-¿e-zÞºÛV-ÁÅü
stoloniferous
Åôm-ºHã¼-¤Vï-zü
¯Û-ÁÛP-GÛ-¤Vï-z-¼Û¤-zŸÛm-Å-ºôG-bາâ¾-bï-¯-z-¸ÞG-mÅ-ÇÀ¼-¯Û-ÁÛP-¼P-Az-ŸÛG-Bï-ºwï¾-‚ïh-qºÛ-¼ÛGÅü
suffrutescent
¿kݤ-zÞü
GŸÝP-ÁÛP-TßP-¸h-Æ-¾-¤FïGÅ-ÁÛPhGÝm-¤Û-Ç+¤-qºÛ-¯Û-ÁÛP-ü
sweet smell
iÛ-z¸P.ü
¯Û-ÁÛP-hP-¤ï-bôG-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-iÛ-¤-ŸÛ¤-qôü
thorn
±ï¼-¤ü
B-±ï¼ü h¤¼-±ï¼ü ÇSô-±ï¼-ÅôGÅ-¯ÛÁÛP-fôG-mÅ-BïÅ-qºÛ-Dz-¿e-zÞºÛ-hPôÅqôü
transplant
¯-ÇtôÅ-MG-qü
º±¼-Bïh-‚ïh-zŸÛm-qºÛ-ÇSôºÛ-¯-z-hPzTÅ-q-z;ôG-Çeï-Å-GmÅ-GŸm-hݺ²âGÅ-qü
truncate
ºƒïG-lݤü
¾ô-¤-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-¯ï-¤ô-hP-ŸzÅ-¼-ºƒïGq-¿e¼-ÇoP-zºÛ-¼ÛGÅü
164
Botany
¯Û-ÁÛP-¼ÛG-qü
tuber
¯-z-lôG-qôü
¯-zº¤-ÇkôP-qô-¾-wÞG-¿e-zÞ-Å-ºôGbà-MÅ-qºÛ-¼ÛGÅü
vegetable
ÇSô-±¾ü ÇSô-±ôhü
¤ÛºÛ-¸Å-ÅÞ-uôh-¼ÞP-zºÛ-¯Û-ÁÛP-P¤¯Û-ÁÛP-GÛ-V-ÁÅü
venation
¾ô-¤ºÛ-¯-¼ÛÅü
¾ô-¤ºÛ-mP-¾ÞÅ-ˆÛ-¯-ym-¿e¼-EzqºÛ-Ç~äG-ym-HÛ-z;ôh-qü
xerophyte
Ç+¤-BïÅ-¯Û-ÁÛP.ü
È-TP-Ç+¤-ż-Bï-ºwï¾-fÞz-qºÛ-¯ÛÁÛP.ü
165
¸Þ¼-¢¼-hP-qôü PRINCIPLES FOR EVOLUTION OF TERMINOLOGY APPROVED BY THE COMMISSION FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL TERMINOLOGY MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
(Department of Education) GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
1. ‘International terms’ should be adopted in their current English forms, as far as possible, and transliterated in Hindi and other Indian Languages according to their genius. The following should be taken as examples of international terms: (a) Names of elements and compounds, e.g. Hydrogen, Carbon dioxide etc.; (b) Units of weights, measures and physical quantities e.g. dyne, calorie, ampere etc., (c) Terms based on proper names e.g. marxism (Karl Marx), braille (Braille), boycott (Capt. Boycott), guillotine (Dr. Guillotin), gerrymander (Mr. Gerry), ampere (Mr. Ampere), fahrenheit scale (Mr. Fahrenheit), etc.; (d)Binomial nomenclature in such sciences as Botany, Zoology, Geology, etc.; (e) Constants, e.g.; π, g, etc.; (f) Words like Radio, Petrol, Radar, Electron, Proton, Neutron, etc., which have gained practically world-wide usage; (g) Numerals, symbols, signs and formulae used in mathematics and other sciences e.g., sin, cos, tan, log etc. (Letters used in mathematical opera tions should be in Roman or Greek alphabets). 2. The symbols will remain in international form written in Roman script, but abbreviations may be written in Nagari and standardised form, specially for common weights and measures, e.g. the symbol ‘cm’ for centimeter will be used as such in Hindi, but the abbreviation in Nagari may be ls-eh- This will apply to books for children and other popular works only, but in standard works of science and technology, the international symbols only, like cm., should be used. 3. Letters of Indian scripts may be used in geometrical figures e.g., d] [k] x or v] c] l but only letters of Roman and Greek alphabets should be used in trignometrical relations e.g., sin A, cos B etc. 4. Conceptual terms should generally be translated. 5. In the selection of Hindi equivalents simplicity, precision of meaning and easy intelligibility should be born in mind. Obscurantism and purism may be avoided.
166 6. The aim should be to achieve maximum possible identity in all Indian lan guages by selecting terms: (a) Common to as many of the regional languages as possible, and (b) based on Sanskrit roots. 7. Indigenous terms, which have come into vogue in our languages for certain technical words of common use, as rkj for telegraph/telegram, egk}hi for continent, Mkd for post etc., should be retained. 8. Such loan words from English, Portuguese, French etc., as have gained wide currency in Indian languages should be retained e.g., ticket, signal, pension, police, bureau, restaurant, deluxe etc. 9. Transliteration of International terms into Devanagari Script: The trans literation of English terms should not be made so complex as to necessitate the introduction of new signs and symbols in the present Devanagari charac ters. The Devanagari rendering of English terms should aim at maximum ap proximation to the standard English pronunciation with such modifications as prevalent amongst the educated circle in India. 10. Gender: The International terms adopted in Hindi should be used in the masculine gender, unless there are compelling reasons to the contrary. 11. Hybrid formation: Hybrid forms in technical terminologies e.g., xjafVr for ‘guaranteed’Dykfldh for ‘classical’, dksM+dkj for ‘codifier’, etc., are normal and natural linguistic phenomena and such forms may be adopted in practice keeping in view the requirements for technical terminology, viz., simplicity, utility and precision. 12. Sandhi and Samasa in technical terms: Complex forms of Sandhi may be avoided and in cases of compound words, hyphen may be placed in be tween the two terms, because this would enable the users to have an easier and quicker grasp of the word structure of new terms. As regards vkfnOk`f} in Sanskrit-based words, it would be desirable to use vkfnOk`f} in prevalent San skrit tatsama words e.g., O;kOkgkfjd] yk{kf.kd etc. but may be avoided in newly coined words. 13. Halanta: Newly adopted terms should be correctly rendered with the use of ‘hal’ wherever necessary. 14. Use of Pancham Varna: The use of vuqLOkkj may be preferred in place of iape Ok.kZ] but in words like ‘lens’, ‘patent’ etc., the transliteration should be ysUl]isVsUVandnot ysal]isVsaV]orisVs.V.
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M-G¼-hzÞÅ-GŸÝP-G-Û ±m-¼GÛ -hP-ºyâ¾-¾Å-ˆ-Û zl-Vh-u-Û Ez-DP-G-Û ±m-¼GÛ -hPºyâ¾-¾Å-f-Çh‰ -Gbm-ºzïzÅ-ˆ-Û ¯-º²Ûm-DG (zôh-zNå¼-¼GÅ-zÇkÅÝ ) 1ü M¾-uºÛ -Û ¤PÛ -±GÛ -GP-ºôÅ-q-n¤Å-»ôPÅ-Ez-h‚Ûm-±GÛ -¼P-Åô¼-ºWôG-M-ã hP-ÈmÛ -hºÛ ¤»P-mü M-G¼-H-Û Çh+ -»GÛ -GŸm-Åô-Åôº-Û ¼P-GÁÛÅ-¿¼e -H-Û O-N¼å -GÁ¤-Gž-¿¼e -‚-Müã ; D¤Å-µÅ-hP-ºhÝÅ-µÅ-ˆ-Û ¤PÛ .ü hqï¼-mü Hydrogen, Carbon dioxide ¿e-z-Þ hP.ü D ±h-ºW¾-zºÛ-¤PÛ -±GÛ dyne, calorie, ampere (km, kg) ÅôGÅü G GP-¸G-hP-»¾Þ -¾PÞ -ÅôGÅ-ˆ-Û hPôÅ-¤PÛ -hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-¤PÛ -±GÛ marxism, braille, boycott, guillotine, gerry-mander, ampere, fahrenheit scale.
P ¤ÛP-¸¼Þ -GZÛÅ-zÇkïzÅ-qºÛ-f-Çh‰ ü Botany, Zoology, Geology. T ºHã¼-¤hï -¤±ôm-dGÅü π, g, ¿e-züÞ V º²¤-JPÛÀ -u-Û »ôPÅ-¾-Ez-Vï-zºÛ-±GÛ Radio, Petrol, Radar, Electron, Proton, Neutron.
W ¯ÛÅ-hP-±m-¼GÛ -DG-G-Û IPÅ-hP.ü ¤±ôm-dGÅü dGÅü Vô-G-ÅôGÅ-hqï¼-mü sin, cos, tan, log ÅôGÅ-hP-(hï-¤±ßPÅ-¯Å Û -¼GÛ -b-àzhï -uhô -qºÛ-»-ÛG-ïn¤Å- Roman hP- Greek GP-¼PÞ -»mÛ -hGôÅ) 2ü ±h-ºW¾-zºÛ-M¾-uºÛ -Û ¤±ôm-dGÅü cm ¿e-z-Þ h‚Ûm-»GÛ -b-à ºƒÛ-hGôÅ-ˆP.ü zÇkÅÝ »ÛG-n¤Å-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-ˆÅÛ -m-G-¼-Û»-ÛG¼ï - ls-eh- ¿e-z-ÞºƒÛ-VGô ºôm-ˆP-ºhÛ-hG-‚ÅÛ q-hP-¤P-±ôGÅ-ˆ-Û z;ô¾-uôh-Vïh-®¤-¾Å-±m-¼GÛ -hP-ºyâ¾-¼GÛ -ÅôGÅ-ˆ-Û ±h-¿mk -ºƒÛ¯ô¤-mP-M¾-uºÛ -Û ¤±ôm-dGÅ-bïü cm Dô-m-ºƒÛ-hGôÅü
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3ü fÛG-¯ÅÛ -ˆ-Ûz;ôh-q¼-M-G¼-H-Û»GÛ -¼GÛ Å-mÅ- d] [k] x º¤- v] c] l ¿e-z-ÞºƒÛ-VGô TÛP.ü ¸Þ¼-GÅÞ¤-¯ÅÛ -¼GÛ -b-à hqï¼-mü sin A, cos B ¿e-z-Þ ¼ô-¤m-»-Û Gï-Dô-m-ºƒÛ-uôh-‚ïhhGôÅü 4ü ºV¼-ÇPo -G-Û f-Çh‰ -n¤Å-u¼Û -zbP-hôm-N¼å -‚ïh-hGôÅü 5ü ÈÛm-h-Û Çh+ -hôh-Gh¤-Åï¾-Çz+ Å-Çze Å-zhï-zü hôm-¤-Û ºFâ¾-zü Gô-dôGÅ-Ç-À z-zTÅ-¾hô-ÇPo -hGôÅ-¾ü ½‰PÛ -Ÿïm-¤FïGÅ-z¸ÞP-G-Û ºhÝ-ÁïÅ-ÇôtP-hGôÅü 6ü M-G¼-H-Û Çh+ -¼GÛ Å-DG-G-Û f-Çh‰ -GTÛG-¤fÞm-»ôP-z¼-h¤ÛGÅ-bïü ; M-G¼-H-Û Çh+ -¼GÛ Å-GP-¤P-mP-xôGÅ-¤fÞm-h-Ý zïh-uôh-‚ïh-q-hP.ü D ¾ïGÅ-¢¼-H-Û ‚PÛ Å-¾-GŸÛ-zTô¾-GP-fzÞ -‚ïh-hGôÅü 7ü uÛ¼-zbP-z;ô¾-Ez-V-ï zºÛ-¼P-Çh+ -ˆ-Û zl-Vh-hqï¼-mü telegraph/gram ¾- rkj hPcontinent ¾- egk}hi post ¾- Mkd ¿e-z-n Þ ¤Å-¼P-żô -ºWôG-Müã 8ü h‚Ûm-W-Û hP.ü qô¼-T-ß GÛ wÛ-¼ïm-T-Û ÅôGÅ-Çh+ -»GÛ -GŸm-mÅ-G»¼-zº¤-O-¼P-Åô¼zŸG-qºÛ-±GÛ -z;ô¾-Ez-V-ï z-hqï¼-mü ticket, signal, pension, police, bureau, res taurant, deluxe ¿e-z-Þ n¤Å-¼P-Åô¼-ºWôG-Müã 9ü M¾-uºÛ -Û zl-Vh-¼P-Åô¼-zŸG-q-n¤Å-hïz-m-G-¼-Û »-Û Gï¼-O-zNå¼-‚ïh-Çz+ Åü ±h-¿mk HÛ-O-GP-Zï-hP-M-G¼-H-Û ÁïÅ-»ôm-Tm-H-Û ¤-Û w¾-¤ô-Vï¼-IGÅ-Vï-z-hP-zÇemà -bï-Çze Å-GPzhï-‚ïh-q-¾Åü O-dGÅ-Gż-z-¤P-qô-Çôom-¤-Û hGôÅ-q-‚-Müã 10ü hGôÅ-G¾-h¤ÛGÅ-zž-Tm-¤-GbôGÅ-M¾-uºÛ -Û zl-Vh-¼P-Åô¼-zŸG-q-n¤Å-wô-±GÛ Dô-m¼-ºƒÛ-Mãü 11ü xïh-xhï -ºƒï¾-H-fÛ -Çh‰ -hqï¼-mü xjafVr = guaranteed, Dykfldh = classical, dksM+dkj = codifier ÅôGÅ-Çh+ -ˆ-Û¼P-ºIôÅ-hP-¤fÞm-q-»mÛ -qÅü ÇezÅ-zhï-z-hP.ü
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zïh-uôh-Vï-zü »ÛG-±ôGÅ-VPß -z-zTÅ-¾-¯-º²Ûm-HÅÛ -zl-Vh-ˆ-Û hGôÅ-¤Dô-¿¼e -ºWôGMãü 12ü zl-Vh-Gż-z¸ôº-Û Çz+ Å-hGôÅ-¤ïh-¤Gô-½ô‰G-Vï-zºÛ-±GÛ -zÇkhÝ -hP-zÇkÅÝ -±GÛ -ÅôGŤÛ-hGôÅ-q¼ü ¤Z¤-h-Ý Çïzk -Mºã -Û ±GÛ -G-Û V-ÁÅ-Ç-S xºÛ -Û hz¼-£ï¾-dGÅ- (-) z;ôh-mÁïÅ-dôGÅ-Ç-À z¼-wm-PïÅü 13ü ¼P-Åô¼-zŸG-qºÛ-±GÛ -Gż-q-n¤Å-¾-O-z®m-qºÛ-x¼Û -ÆôG-¤ïh-ˆ-Û dGÅ-GP-¾-T-Û ºôÅMG-hGôÅü 14ü XïÅ-Å-Þ P-¼ô-zïh-uôP-‚-M-ã Gh¤-D-z¸P-»P- Lens hP- Patent ÅôGÅ-ºƒÛ-Çz+ Åysal] isVsaV] isVs.V ¤Ûm-q¼- ysUl] isVsUV ¿e-zº-Þ ƒÛh- GôÅü
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¸Þ¼-¢¼-GZÛÅ-qü GUIDELINES FOR CREATING TECHNICAL TERMS
1. A term should have only one technical meaning, preferably - precision of meaning. 2. A concept should have only one term to refer to it. 3. Related concepts should have related/similar terms 4. Similar concepts should have similar terms 5. A term should preferably have similar forms in related (major) languages especially Indian languages 6. A term should be flexible to develop further terms out of it 7. Terms have greater derivational potentialities should be preferred 8. Terms should be simple and enphonious - easy to understand and use. 9. A term should be transparent (self explanatory) to the extent possible 10. There should be consistency in terms of a given branch of knowledge 11. A term should be short ( precise) and incorporate the salient features of meaning - long compounds should be avoided 12. Colloquial and regional language sources may be explored and given due weight for coining terms 13. Classical sources may be exploited for coining terms 14. Existing words of the language must be tested 15. Before being finally accepted, a term should be tested with the issues 16. International terms may be borrowed with necessary modifications to suit the phonalogical and morphological structure of the language.