Chronicle Fall 1996

Fall 1996 Vol9 No I

ISSN 1049-2259

AMERICAN NURSES HERITAGE AWARD GNEN AT

1996

CE~LCONVENTION Two important individuals were recog­ nized for their contributions to the preser­ vation of historical d cument recording the hi tory of nursing and. even more im­ portantly, their contributions to histoflcal scho larship. Joan E. Lynaugh. Ph.D ..

FAAN, emeritus prof<: r of history and health care and Ellen D. Baer, Ph.D., FAAN, emeritus professor and visiting professor at New York University, were h nored with the American Nurses Association Nursing Heritage Award . The award was pre ented at the America n Nur. es As ciation Co n­ vention in Washington. D.C., in Ju n as ~l special award given lInly for the 1996 cen ­ tennial yea r.

./0(/11 LYllnllgh (Iar left) and Ellen Raer (ja/' rr ght) ure joined lIy Norm a Lnllg (middle lelt) alld Dillile lvlcGil'em (middle right) at the American Nlir. e,\ AssociaJi(J/l IOQn C<'I/ll!/I/zial Conventioll ill Washingtoll, D.C:. Lyl/lIllgil IIllli Baer were hOllored for tlz eir slIperb contriblltions 10 nursing history alld sell larship .

Cri teria for the award included the commun icat ion of nursing 's pa t th rough historical research and publication s, co llect io n and preservation of nu r ing" hi ' torica l recll rJ, and in itiation 0 innovati ve acti vities. For th e o( us who have followed closely the ca reers 0 'Profes­ sors Ly naugh ane! Baer we kn ow the ir work intimately and app laud th eir accomplishme nts. The qua li ty and breadth of the ir scho larly rcsc, rch, the rich ness of their fin dings and the insights con­ tained in their exc lIen t writing have greatl y benefitted the nursi ng profession and the larger field of th hi story of hea lt h care. In addit ion, th is aware! acknowl edged their ini tiative to en hance knowledge through innovative teac hing, as well as dedication to the ongoing work of you ng scho l­ ars Hnd colleagues.

He re at Ibc Un i ersity of Pennsylvania, Pro fessors Lynaugh and Baer are perh ap hest known for their ro le in the establishme nt of the Center for th e, tudy of the Histo ry of ursin ' . This award gave particular acknowled m nt to the impo rta nce of th e Center as ' major repo ilory for hi sto rica l collectio ns that now form a :ignificant nucleus of materials for nu r ing s hol arship.

Center for The Study of

The History of Nursing UNIVER5JTY OF PEN SYLVANIA

Hu ndreds att ended the drama ti awards cere mon y. A video providing hack­ ground on the two honorees was disp laycd on enormous scree ns, followed hy the presentation of a pectacular ill um inated award. As we would expect , Profc sor ' Lynaugh and Bacr were eloquent in their acceptanc speeche . . At the conclusion of the awards ceremon y, a reception sponsored hy th e Uni ve rsity of Pen nsyl vani a and ew York Un iversity and host ed by Dr. Norma ang and Dr. Diane McG ivern allowed the awardees and their famil y and fri ends to delight in their much deserved accolades as outstanding historians.

SCHO L OF NURSING

Find out about the new additions to the Center's collections in Recent Acquis itions on pag 4 .

CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF

THE HISTORY OF

NEWS FROM TIlE CENTER

N URSING

RENOVATIONS COMPLETED

T he enler for T he St udy ol1l1e Histor" of Nursing wasestahlis he d in 1985 to enco ur age and fa e ili ta te hi st rical scholarship on he al th arc hi sto ry an d nursing in th e niled States. Now in it. ele venth year of c iste nce, the enter co ntinues to create and maint ain a re­ so urce for su c:h research; to im prove the qual ity an d scope of hi stori cal sc holarsh ip on nursing; an d to disse min ate new knowled ge on nurs ing history through educati on co nferences, publi ca ti ons, ~ n d inter-disciplinary co llaborati on.

Curren t projects ;1I th e .ent er range fro m .'tudi es ofi nter national nursing, home-b aseclnursing. and research on care of the critica ll y ill to the twenti eth-cen tur y rel ati onship be tween nursing and Am eri­ can philanthropy. We also co nti nue to co ll ec t, process, and ca talog ue an o ut ­ standin g collecti on of prima ry hi sto ri ca l materi al s.

Feel free to visit the Center Mond ay ­ Frid ay , 9:00a.I11. -5:00 p.m. Scholars [ll anning to conduct rese arch at the Cen ­ te r shoul d conta ct the Cent r ' s cura to r at 21 5-898-4502. O ur curator will re!)pond with a descri [ltion of th e scope and con ­ tent of relevan t materials in th e var ious co llections ,

Center Advi ory Board

Ann p, Kni ght. Chair

M. Lo uise Fitzpatrick , Vice Chuir

Lillian Sholti s Brunnn

·ther Cav anaugh

William H. Helfand

Hannah Henderso n

Jeanne Kic fn cr

Elcil nor . Lambertse n

Nadin e Landi s

Mark Frazier Ll oyd

C h a rl ~ E. Rosenbe rg

Stcph,lO ic A. Stachniew ic-t

Ann Pe rcy Stroud

Tina Weint ra ub

enter Stall' Kare n Buhl er- Wilkerson, Ph D, FAAN Director Ellen 0 , Baer, PhD . FA N Associate Director Joa n E. Lynaugh, PhD. FAAN Associate /)ireclor Margo Szabuni a, MA, C ClIrator Be tsy Weiss Adlllinistratil'e Assistant Rita n ea tty Volunteer ! Kell y A. Smith Editor, The Chronicle

Margo Swbwl ia (left) and Belsy W iss (right) hallg portraits ill tlz Celller 's reading room afte r th ~ completion of th e H VAC renovation p roject,

1996 A

Renovat io n of the heating and air cond ition­ ing ( liVAC) systems in the Center was completed thi ' spring. This was part o aw idc r HVACrenova ­ lio n project w ilh in the Nursi ng Ed ucatio n Build­ ing, w hich i ' still under­ way in othe r po rti ns o f the build ing. T he Center was repa inted and the st aff re turned 10 room 307 at the e nd of April. With greatly improved ventila­ tio n a nd tem perature con ­ trols in place, the Center's resea r hers wi ll ind a morc com fortable place for s tudy .

NNUAL

PRO ESSION A

Su

CESS

T he 1996 A nnual Pro­ ces io n to the Woodla nds Cemetery was well atte nded .

De pite the rain, the camara­ der ie and enth usiasm of the nurses, educa tors, ad mi nis­ trator', arc hi vists. an oth er attendees dedi a ted to th e pre ervation f nursi ng h is­ to ry were not dam pe ned.

Joan Lyna ugh began the n­ nual ritual with a provoca­ tive speech in w hic h he ad­ d ressed issues of nurs ing yesterday, today. and lo m(lr­ row. S he spoke at the Ha milto n ma ns ion, a grace ­ ful a nd e lega nt edifice th at prov ided a n apropos haven Su e No rdloff (far left) alld neallo r Perry Hog head (fa r fo r the att en dees o f the pro ­ right) are emhllsiastic participallis of the I f}06 Anllllal cess io n. A fte r li g ht refres h­ Procession. The ['m ces i OIl was led by Dr. Willi(llll E. ments, the attc nde s were Watson, IV (cem er), who delights listeners with his invited to lay flo wers at the bagpipe m usic every yea r. grave s ites o f Alice Fis her and S. Lillian C layton. They were led by Dr. Watso n, w ho g raced the p rocession by playing a lively melody on his bagpipe, wh ich brigh len ed th e da y for eve ryon e.

3

C ENTER FACULTY MEMBERS P RESENT THEIR RESEARCH AT THE N ATION ' S CAPITOL Tn May 1996, faculty fro m the Cen ter fOT the Study of th e History of Nursing pre. ented th eir re:earch in Washington , D.C.. at both the An nual Research Conference of the American Nurses Foundation an d the Annual Convention of the American Nurse. As­ sQciati n. Ka ren B uhler- Wilkerson, Director of the Center and Professor of Nu rsing at the University of Pen nsylvani a, moderated ymposium that directl y addressed the relev nce of historical research to the ov ra il them e of both th e Con ference and the Con­ ven tion, which was the improvement of the quality of nursing care. In her open ing remarks, Buhler-W il ke rso n no ted that the Center' s research suggested that whatever their theoretical base, the implementation and the im plications of interven tions to im­ prove nur 'ing care have been and thus will always be as much socially as scientifically determi ned .

T he papers, themsclve', were quite varied and dist inctive . Patricia D' Antonio, Adjunct Assistant Professor of Nursi ng pre­ sented nineteen th century psychi atric nursing; Ju li e Fai rman, Assistant P rofessor of Nursing, discussed twentieth ce ntu ry critical care nursing; Barbara Brush, Assistant Professor of Nursing at Boston Coll ege and a former postdoctoral fellow at the en te r, com­ mented on immigration and nursing manpower; and Jana Dieckman, an Instructor of Nursing at LaSa ll e Uni ver ity and a doctoral candidate at the Center, analyzed the political determina nts of long-term care. As a whole, Buhler-Wilkerson concI udeLl they all suggested that the contextual imperati ves of clinical, social, and political situations, not just patient needs, have pl ayed and will continue t playa fa r greater role in the construction of qu ality care than has been previou 'Iy acknowledged.

THE 1996 C URATORSHIP

AuCE FISHER SOCIETY HISTORICAL SCHOLARSHIP

AWARD T h 1996 Curatorship Award of the Archivi sts and Librarians in the History of the Health Sciences was presented to W illiam H. Hel fand forthe exhib itcatalog, Potions, Pi ll s, & Purges: T he Art of Pharm acy. Published by tbe American Institute of Pharm acy, th e catal og is the record of an ex hibit h Id at the Philadel­ phia Museum of Art from June to Octo­ ber 1995.

The Al ice Fisher Society Historical Scholarship wi ll again be offered in 1997 by th e Center for The Study of The History af Nursi ng at the Univers it y of Pen n­ sylva ni a. The generos ity of the Alumni Associ ati on of the Philadelphia Genera l Hospi tal T raining School for Nu rses makes it poss ible for the Center to offer this research scholarshi p. The $2,500 award wi ll be open to nurses at the master's or doctoral level who are seeking assistance with research and wri ting a. part Q their study of hi story. Each scholar will be expected to spe nd 4 to 6 eck in resi­ den e at the Center.

Ap plications for th e Alice Fi. her Society Historical Scho lars hip may be ob­ tained by \'VTiting Center Director Karen Buhler-Wilkerson at the Ce nter for The Study a/ The History of Nursing, University of Pennsy lvania, School of Nu rsi ng, 307 Nurs ing Education Building, hiladelphia , PA 19 104-6096 or call 2 15-898­ 4502. T he app licati on deadli ne is Decembe r 31, 1996.

1996 S HRYOCK MEDAL CAlL FOR ABSTRACT' The 1996 Shryock Medal was awarded to Johannc , . Pols for his essay, " When He Comes Home Nervous: War Ne urosis, Reha­ bilitati on and the Psychoneurotic Aft er WNld War n." Mr. Po ls is a graduate student in the Department of History an d Sociology of cience at the University of Pennsylvania and a regular participant in the enter' s semina rs and events. He is in the final phase of completing his dissertation under the di­ rccti on of Henrika Kukli ck and Charl es E. Rosenberg. Thc Shyroc k oll1mittee awarded honorable mention to Ronald Rudy Higgens­ Evenson of the Universit of Oregon fur his essay, " Direct from the Insane Asylum : oc­ tors and Public Policy in Ort! gon." Hc is a student of James Mohr.

he Jo in t Atlantic Seminar in the Hi tory of Biology and Medic in e inv ite. ab­ stracts for their 33rd annual meeti ng to be hel d on April t 1-1 2, 1997 hosted by the Section of the History of Medici ne at Yale Universi ty School of Medicin e. Submi.­ sion s from graduate students, recent graduates, and jun ior facu lty are encou raged.

The ab tract must be no more than 300 words and can concern all aspect of the history of biology , medicine, and the li fe scienc s. Paper presen t lions must be li mited to 20 mi nutes and co nst itute original work not already pub lis hed or in press.

No more than ten papers will he selected for presentation on April 11 .

Abstracts must be received by Jan uary 31, 1997. Registration info rmation wi ll be avai lable in Februar . Not ificatio n will be made on February 2H, 1997.

Direct abstracts and information request to Jo int Atlantic Se minar 1997, c/o Sect ion of the History of Medicine. Yale University School of Medicine, L132 Ster­ ling Hall of Medicine, 3 3 Ceda r St reet, New Haven , Con necticut 065 10. Tele­ phone: 203-785-4338. e-m ail : JOSEPHDG@bi omed.med.yal e.edu (when po ible, abstract and correspondenc should be subm itted bye-mail).

4

RECENT ACQUISITIONS

Jo AI/II Ashley Papers, 194 ?­ l Q8'!, 10 fill e r feel.

of action for grow th and devel­ opment of bac alaureate and degree nursing program - in the C mm nwealth f Pennsy lva­ ni a." T he record' consist mostly of agendas, meeting min utes, correspo ndence. nd

Jo Ann Ashle y (b .1 93 9 ­ d.1(80). nurse, author. and edu ­ cator, was horn and ra ised in Kentucky. She graduated from Kent cky Ba ptist Colle e Hospi­ r p rts. tal School of Nur ing and later received a doctorate fro m Teach­ rs College, C()lumbia Uni er­ Additioll to the Vi itillg NlIrse si ty in New York. A highly re­ Associatioll of Grealer Phila­ gankd teacher and ought-after delph ia records, 1985-/995, speaker. A hley achieved na­ 2.5 linear feet. ti onal recogni tion with the pub­ He re are audio and video licatio n of he r boo k, Hospitals. tape , financial records, pho! ­ PutemalislIl, and the Role of the graph, printed materials. and Nurse (New York: Teachers Co l­ ar ifacts. lege Pr . s, 1(76). This book, pub lished at the height of the Additioll 10 the Athens Coullty \ omen" movem nt in the Visiting urSf! Associatioll I 70 ', crealed (and still ng n­ ders) con tr ersy with it.· records, 1989-1995, 16 reels pointed co ndemn at ion of sex ism microfilm. to ards and explo itatio n of This Ohi -based agen y nurses by hospital admini st ra­ was founded in 1982 and is tI Edith Ashley Izinbach (far left) and Emoge/le Ashley Coblill (Jar tors and physician -. Ashley re­ ru ral vi iting nurse asso ialio n. right), th e late .lo Ann Ashley's sisters, with Karell Buhler­ mained , almo t to her de th, a The e records con ist of de­ Wilkerson (celller) ill the Cellfer" reading room. prolific writer, an ften provoca­ ceased pati ents ' charts. tive pu blic . peaker, and an ar­ phia, who turn d a dilap idated building ticulate lecturer on a variety of topi cs Additions to f h > William 1-1. Helfalld into a haven for the comm unity' sick. germane to nurs ing, but she was particu­ Postcard Call eti IL, 191 ?- / 990, 23 The demand for bo pital care grew rap­ la rly interested in the ro le of nursing postcards. idl and so did the need fo r nurse . The ith in th health field. po wer in nursing, These postcard from the Un ited SI. Joseph Hosp ital Train ing School fo r and nursi ng 's historical perspective. A State. and Eur pe sh ow various photo ­ Nur es, which was fo unded in 1902, wom an of alm ost bo undless energy, graphi c anL! cart on images f nur. e , placed signi lcant emphasi.- on th · pm­ hley also compo ed nearly three hun ­ of our. ing. nd nurse~ h meso school" lual as well as the educational growt h of dred poems. Muc h of Ashley's poetry its stude nts. Over the course of the refl ects her interest in oei I thoug ht ch ol 's run ty-f ur-yea r history. it and id as on woman 's rol e in soc iety.

Additions 10 lite William H. lIelfa lld graduated 2.360 nur es. Thi s pa t Ju ne, Cancer tragicall y br ugh t an abrupt end Sheet Mu 'ic Collection, '978, 2 i l 'III.\". the school was officially closed and its to her xce ptionall y pmductive C" reer.

The lyric and music to these two records tran ferred to the Center. T hi so ng. ''The Ange l of No Man's Land" Thi s collection con t· ins Ashley' s co llect ion inc lu des stud nt (il s, c( urse and "There's an Angel Miss ing from research and bib liograp hic not s, ca rr ­ descriptions, comm it! em el ing min­ He ven (Sh ' II be found Somewhere spondence. subjc t files, re ports. ora l utes, stu dies of the st udent po pulation.

Over there)," were puh lished during history cassette tapes and transcripts. yearbook, instruc tor ' notes teaching Wa r I and clearly ITied t appe I World photographs and pri nted mate rials. The materials, and reference b oks. to listeners' patrioli 'm. T he ch orus to Cente r is gr tefu l to Mrs. Jewe ll Ashley.

"The Angel of No Man ' Land" he uins Edith A: hley Shi nbac h. and the Ash ley wi th. ''Then here's to the girl . The Red Family for this collection of pap , r~.

Pennsylvallia Higher Education Nurs­ girl, and to all of her n ble band! ..

Cross ing chool Associatioll (PHENSA) ---To the girl ou know, One wh said re ord', 1977-1995, 1 Iinear /oot. , t. J oseph Hospital S chool of Nur ing 'I' ll 0 ,' To the Ange l of No Man '.

P unded in 1977 as the Pe nn.y lva­ record), NO ?- / 996, 33 linear f eet.

Bo th songs hav e on the ir cove rs Land." nia Associ at ion of Deans and Di rectors The old est general hospital of images of a sav in g nu rse reaching out I of Bacca laureate and Higher Degr e Pro­ Lancaster, Pennsylvania, SI. Joseph wa' f rlarn solL!iers. grams this associat ion's stated purpose founded in 1883 by the Sisters of the was to "exercise responsi ble leadership Third Order of Saint Francis of Philadelin planning and impl meriting program

5

RECENT ACQUISITIONS

A GROUP OF UNFORMED WOMEN

A Poem by .JOAIlIl A shley

I WORK ED WITI·I A GRO P OF WOM EN.

GROW ING REOUIRE' T HE lJSEOFBI

UNFO RM ED AND WITIlOl

TIN Y PO CKET KNIVES , A ND OTHER TOOLS.

SHAPE, THEY W , RE.

W RENCHES,

TH EY WERE YO tiNG.

N TS AND BOLTS AND RUSTY SCREWS MUST

THEY WERE BRIGHT.

DISLODGED FROM BRA IN, FRO M MI ND. I

MA N Y WERE MARRI D,

IN SOUL.

n­

BODY ,

A FEW WERE SINGLE.

TIlOUGHTALE TED, SOMECO LD NOT

FOR GRO WTH TO CO M E, THESE YOUI G WOM EN WOULD

SEE.

SUrFER.

SOME CO ULD NOT H ,.AR.

TIl EY WOULD BE AFRAID TIME AND TIME AGAI N.

ALL WERE SH Y A ND FRI GHTENED.

TI lEY WOULD CRY 0

T WITH FEAR , WITH A XIETY.

THEY WOU LD RU ' FROM THEMSELVES SEEKING OUT

I WANTIIDTO HELPTH -SE YO UNG WOM E

OTHE RS TO LEAN UPON .

GROW.

ANGER THE Y WOU LD r:EEL.

I KNEW THEY HAD NEV " R EXPERIENCED

WEEPING FOR TH EM WOULD BECO M E CO MMO NPLA CE.

REAL FREEDOM.

TEARS OF JOY, TEARS OFSO RROWTHEY WOULD

I KNEW THEY IIA VE NEVER KNO WN REAL

SHED IF GROWTHTH EY EMB RA CE D.

LOVE.

TIl EY WER E YOUNG NURSES WITH A DAR K

WO ULDTHESEYO U G WOM NASS U

HISTOR Y Of PERSONAL AND SOCIETAL

FOR SELF ALO E?

F RES PO NSIBILITY

OPPRESSION,

WOULD TIlEY GROW IN 'EW DIRECTIONS GIVI G UP

TO HELP T HEM GROW, I SE NT THEM IN

OLD DEPENDENCIES ?

SEA R II OFTHEMSEL VES.

WOULD TH Y CHOOSE TO CLING TO THE TRIED , TO

THE COMI'ORTABLF?

T IlOUGH SA D IT MADE ME, I HEARD TIlE

HOW FAR WOULD THEIR STRENGTH A D POTENTIAL

YO

TAKETH EM ?

'G WOME' AY THEY NEVER KNE W THEY

HAD A SELF

. IQ UELY T HEIR OWN .

ONL Y GOD KNEW, NOT I

THEY II AD BEEN TA UGHT AND HAD ALWAY S

THE SEEDS 01- GROWTH CAN ONLY RIS E FROM A

THOUGHTTHEY WER E EXTENSIONS OF OTHERS .

WA TI NGTO BEHO NEST.O NE WOMA

' PIRIT T HATTRANS ENDS H MAN ·TRIFE.

BRAVELY

ADMITTED SHE WAS FRI GHTE 'EDATTHE M ERE

lD ' OF BECO MI NG SELF·SUFFICI -NT.

HA VIN G ADMI'll'ED SIlE HAD NO SELF. BECO"1I G

'ELF-SUFfiCIENT IN IlER 11 ND M EA NT SHE WO ULD

BECOME OTl-IING AT ALL.

SHE COU LD NOT STA NDTIIE TlIOUG HT OF BEING

HER SEI.F ALO E.

M Y Il EART Dm BLEED I SIDE AS I (;AlED TIlE Tl'! SE YO

PO N

CT:.S BEFOR E ME.

I LOVED TH E TI-lOllGH

O~ WI-I !\TT II EY IIAD

OT

ET BE OdE. 'lIlOUGIl T HEY !'l ID NOT KNO W IT. TIl EY W ERE GITT'l NG ON TIl E RO AD TO WA RD GROW ING. MY PAT Il WOULD NOT BE THE IRS. MY M AP THEY 'OULD 'OT US E. TilEY MUST FIND THEIR OWN WA Y. 1M

' 1 NOT HELP TH EM

TH EIR DIRErr lO N MlJ

roo M CH. B n HilR

Vt·. RYOWN. GROWI NG IS A W RI NGI. G or o ROWI , 'C IS A 'EXA M IN TIO

II A O[,O 'l- 'S OWN

WR INK L - .

GROW l (; IS /\ WREt\T HI N{; I PA l , .

0

E'~

OWN

.Jo AI/n Ashley, shown here ill this photograph ( / 95 ?j, IVas respected f or her taleli ls alld all/ hition ill a variety of 1'011.'.1', incllldil/g lill I'S ', alit hoI', olld educat or. The poelll A G roup 0/ UI/(imned Wom en WilS (Jll e of many poel//'I that slw wrote betweell JCJ74 alld 1977, while a t Northem Illillois University.

6

MANUSCRIPT COLLECTIONS

CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF THE HISTORY OF NURSING

Hospitals, Schools of Nursing and Nursing Alumni Associations

Date

Extent

Albert Einstein Medical Center School of Nursing Alexian Brothers Hospital, Chicago, I L Alumni Association of Philadelphia General Hospital School of Nursing Alumnae Association of Mercy-Douglass Hospital School of Nursing Chautauqua School of Nursing, Jamestown, NY Che tnut Hill Hospital School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA Children's Hospital of Philadelphia School of Nursing Freedmen's Hospital Nurses Alumni Club of Philadelphia Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing Lankenau Hospital School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA Lock Haven Hospital , Lock Haven, PA Mercy-Douglass Hospital School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA Muhlenberg Hospital School of Nursing Philadelphia General Hospital Philadelphia School o f Nursing Medical Supply & Dispensary Presbyterian School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA SI. Joseph Hospital School of Nursing, Lancaster, PA SI. Luke 's Hospital, Philadelphia, PA SI. Mary's Hospital, Troy, NY Society of the Alumni of th e School of Nursing of the University of Pennsylvania Woman 's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA

1930-1986 1885-1981 1850-1981 1896-1980 1905 1907-1987 1897-J987 1973-1986 1894-1970 1871-1992 1896-1964 1896-1983 1896-1961 1885-1940 1903-1904 1871-1987 190?-]996 c,1900 c, 1920 1960-1980 1858-1976

0, 8 0.4 70 1,68 0.4 24,33 13,7 0, I 35.2 52,5 0,8 23,68 0,2 7 0.4 148,1 33 I 0,2 2 6,35

lin , fL lin, fL lin, fL lin, fL lin , fL lin , fL lin, fL lin, fL lin. fL lin, fL lin, fL lin, fL lin, fL reels lin, fL li n, fL lin, fL folder lin, fL lin , fL lin, fL

1982-1992 1917-1990 1967-1990 1909-1986 1949-1990 1912- \ 989 1924-1950 1897- 1954 1894-1991 1918-1990 1922-1987 1922-1984 1976-1981 1905-\987 1993 1855-1987

L7 8,3 3,75 3,6 178 11,15 0,2 6.45 2,9

lin, fL lin, fL lin, fl, lin, fl, lin, fL lin, fl, lin, fL lin, fL lin, t'L lin, fl, lin, fl, lin , fl, lin, fl, lin, fL tape lin, fL

Voluntary

on-Profit Association

Athens County Visiting Nurses Association Brandywine Home Health Agency Montgomery County Homemaker Home Health Aid Service Moorestown Visiting Nurse Association National Fund for Medical Education Neighborhood Visiting Nurse Association Princeton Community League Visiting Nurse Committee Starr Centre Association of Philadelphia Tri-County Visiting Nu rse Association Visiting Nurse Association of Allegheny County Visiting Nurse Association of Ambler & Vicinity Visiting Nurse Ass ciati on of Eastern Montgomery County Visiting Nurse Association of Greater Philadelphia Visiting Nurse Association of South Central Connecticut Visiting Nurse Service of New York Visiting Nurse Society of Philadelphia

6,5 8,5 23 6.45 6

I 23, 8

Professional and Military Associations American Legion - Pennsylvania Division, Helen Fairchild Post No, 412 American Medical Women ' s Association American Nephrology Nurses' Association Andrew G, Curtin Association of Army Nurses Association of Community Health Nurse Educators Council on Graduate Education for Administration in Nursing International Council of Nurses National Organization for Public Health Nurses Pennsylvania Higher Education Nursing Schools Association Pennsylvania League for Nursing Pennsylvania Nurses ' Association, District I Pennsylvania Nurses' Association, District 2

1919-1989 198 1 1986-1987 1861-1903 1981-1993 1970-1994 1946-1970 1913-\953 1977-1995 1948-1989 1919-1973 1920-1978

L33

6 0,2 0,2 1,65 4,5 16,5 25 11,25 11.7 1,9

lin, fL tapes lin , fL lin, fL lin, fL lin. fl, li n, 1'1, reel s lin, fL lin, fL lin, fL lin, fl,

Miscellaneo us Groups Evening Bulletin William Helfand Postcard Collection William Helfand Sheet Music Collection History of Nursing in Philadelphi a J, B. Lippincott Company Nurses for the Future Conference Philadelphia General Hospital History Task Force Oral History Project Philadelphia Mayor ' s Commission on Health in the Eighties Peter Short Photograph Collection Theodore Starr Savings Bank World War 1 Photographs from France Michael Zwe rdling Postcard Collection

1905-1975 1900-1990 1912-1939 1973-1974 1871-1931 1987 1994 1983-1984 1993-1994 1896-190 I 19 1, -1925 1907-J916

0,8 0.4 0.4 I 0.4 0.8 0,25 0,2 0.4

lin . fL lin, fL folder lin, fl, fol der folder lin, fl, lin, fL lin, fL lin, fL lin , fl, folder

7

MANuSCRIPT COLLECfIONS

CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF THE H ISTORY OF NURSING

Individl1als Aiken, Linda H. Ashley, Jo Ann Austin, Ann L. Brennan . Mary Brunner, Lillian S. Capers, Cynthia F. Chase, Adaline Clymer, Mary V. Darragh, Mildred D' Estl, Ernestine K. DiSandro, Edith H. Duffy. Eileen M. Eataugh, Dorothy M. Emonds, Beverly L. Erikson, Ruth Errickson, Sara M. Fagin, Claire M. Francis, Susan C. Godfrey . Mary R. Goodrich , Annie W. Griscom, Edith L. P. Gruber, Mildred Heffernan, Bernardine Hoff, Bertha Holman . Lydia Ives, Edith E. Izcka, Jadwiga Johnston, Margaret A. Johnstone, Marie Jone s, Elizabeth Keeler, Jane D. Kennedy, Cecile Lambertsen, Eleanor C. Landis, Nadine Lasek , Elinor Fry Leininger, Jenny Lemley, Alice and Lillie Leonard , Dorothy H. Lynch, Theresa I. Matthews, Irene McCarron, Sarah McCosh, Isabella G. M'Cready, Mary A. Mereness, Dorothy A. Morris, Mabel H. Newman, Edna A. Nightingale, Florence Nunan . Edith Olinatz, Nanette Overholtz, Ella F. Page, Nancy J. Peplau, Hildegard E. RadbiIl , Samuel X. Rath, Charlotte T. Rauschenberger, Dorothy Ritter. Beatrice Ro binson, Alice M. Roge rs, Wesley W. Saba, Virgini a Schlotfeldt. Rozella

Date 1972-1986 194?-198?

1940-1970 1941-1982 1910-1995 1978-1982 1900-1975 1886-1889 1923-1928 1888-1956 1924-1927 1975-1977 1938 1965-1981 1932-1935 1937-1989 1926-1991 1934-1987 1910-1987 1871-1955 1909-1912 J 904-1906 1968-1986 1913-1914 1888-1900 1902-1988 1939-1960 1944-1 945 1906 1899-1946 1935-1985 1939-1957 1915-1977 1930-1988 1935-1938 191 5-1986 1887-1888 1947-1987 1896-1986 1933-1 <)85 1917-1 964 1897 1904 1910-1991 1935-1990 1924-1936 1856-1896 1887-1976 1958-1960 1921 1960-1962 1985 1985-1989 1928-1970 1914-1986 1947-1957 1920-1983 1987 1937-1972 19Q'7-1993

Extent 9.8 10 1 2 20.33 0.8 1.6 0.2 0.4 0.5 5 1 0.4 4 0.8 11.18

1.25 0.2

1.8 1 0.4 1 0.6 1 7 21 0.25 2 2.5 1.4 0.8 1.7 1 0.2 3.2 8.75 1 0.2 4.6 7 10 0.4 1 0.8 3 8 0.2 1 3

lin. ft. lin . ft. lin. ft. lin. ft. lin. ft. lin. ft. lin. ft. lin. ft. lin. ft. volume lin . ft. folders volume lin. ft. folders lin. ft. lin. ft. folder folder lin . ft. lin. ft. folder folder volume folder lin. ft. folder lin. ft. folder folder lin. ft. folder lin. ft. lin. ft. lin. ft. folder folders lin. ft. lin. ft. lin. ft. lin. ft. folder lin. ft. lin. ft. lin . ft. folder lin. ft. lin. ft. folders folders lin. ft. folder folder lin. ft. folder folders lin. ft. lin. ft. lin. ft. lin. ft.

Schwartz, Doris R. Schorr, Thelma M. Somers, Anne R. Soper, Martha L. C. Stachniewicz, Stephanie A. Stern, Beve rly Peril Strumpf, Edna E. L. Todd, C. Edwina Tram, Rose Anna van der Peet, Robert A. Weiss, Olga West, Roberta M. Whitmer, Laura S. Wilcox, B3rbara York, Edith M.

1969-1 )87 1968-1989 1933-1982 1919-1920 0967-1977 1955- 1960 1934-1977 1947-1953 1926-1970 1989 1928-1974 1886-1937 1934-1947 1966-1981 1922-1923

0.8 1.6 0.4 1.25 2

I 0.8

10 I 0 .8

lin. ft. lin. ft. lin. ft. folder lin. ft . folde rs lin. ft. fold er lin. ft. folde r lin. ft. lin . ft. fol de r lin. ft. fol der

For more illformation all allY ofthese collecliolls, please cOlltact the Cellter 's Cllrator.

8

DONORS TO THE JOAN LYNAUGH FOUNDERS FUND

Linda H. Aiken Al umn i Association of the School of Nu rsing of Philadelphia General Hospital

Joan S. Eis h James Eiseman Jr. Julia Epst in Grace P. Erickson Lois K. Evans

Leslie A. Altieri Tonya M. Andrade

Claire M. Fagi n

Mark and Ann Baiada

Gail E. Farr

Ellen Davidson Baer Jane H. Barnsteiner

Elizabeth Fee Suzanne L. Feetham

Ni ra Bartal

Darien Z. Finder

Barbara Bates

Marilyn E. Flood

Alice J. Baumgart

Sarah A. Foster-Chang

Rita T. Beatty Jeanne Q. Benoliel

Cynthia M. Freund

Evelyn Rose Benson

Lois W. Gage

Nettie Birnbach

Judith Gull Gaiter

Nancy N. Boyer Suzanne Brennan Barbara Brodie

Lau ren K. Glass Janet Lynne Golden

Lillian Sholtis Brunner Barbara L. Brush

Palmer H. Futcher

Cathie P. Goulding Elizabeth H. Graham Margaret J. Grey

Karen Buhler- Wilkerson

Gloria Hagopian

Marjorie A. Burnham

Laura Lucia Hayman

Elizabeth Capezuti

Mary Katheri ne Heffern

Doris S. Casper Esther Cavanaugh

William H. Helfand Carol S. Helmstadter

S Isan l. Chapman

Hannah H nderson

Marl ene H. Cianci Joanne Knee Coleman Joyce C. Colling

Eleanor K. Herrman Wanda C. Hiestand Martha Norton Hi ll Veronica Hill-Milbourne

Signe S. Cooper Eleanor L. Crowder Patricia D' Antonio

Carol H gue

Sandra K. Davis

Steph n W. Holt

Janet A. Deatrick

Christy Nyc Hoover Jacqueline Rose Hott Ursula M. Karau

Doctoral Student Organ ization o( the University of Pennsylvania M. Patricia Donahue

Constance A. Holleran

Jeanie Kayser-Jones

M ry Ellen Doona Barbara Durand

Anne P. Keane

Helen H. Edwards

Mary Sue Kern

Karen J. Egenes

Arlene W. Kee ling

9

DONORS TO THE JOAN LYNAUGH F OUNDERS

FUND

Jeanne J. Kiefner

Marianne T . Roncoli

O. Lloyd Kirk

Charles Rosenberg

Lenore H. Kur] wicz

Henrietta Ruckle

Nadjne Landis

Sheila A. Ryan

Norma M. Lang

Kenneth J. LeDonne

Linda E. Sabi n M. Elizabeth Sandel

Dorothy Harvey Leonard

Margarete 1. andelow ki

Sandra B. Lewenson

Terry Sayre

Mary Ann Lewis

Carla Schissel

Mark F razier Lloyd

Rozella

Barbara W. Lowery

Dori, R. Schwartz

Joan E. Lynaugb

Jes 'ie M. Scott

Ruth Malone

Beverly Kirk Shull

E. Ann Maller

Jerri Simpson

Irene L. Matthews

Theresa R. Snyder

Russell C. Maulitz

Margaret D. Sovie

Ann Louise McCracken

Cathy M. SI. Pierre

Erline P. McGriff

Stepbanie A. Stachniewicz

Laura Kind McKen na

Ro emary A. Steven

Gloria 1. M cNea l

Edna and He rbert Strumpf

Kathry n M. Mershon

NeviJIe E. St ru mpf

Mathy Mezey

Meryn Elisabet h Stuart

L na L. Mille r

Eileen S ull ivan-Marx

Mabel Morri s Museum of Nursing History Inc.

Jame F. S utor

Wi ll iam H. Nace

Margo Szabunia

Mary Du ffin Naylor

Caroly n Tate

E lizabeth M. Norman

Mr. and Mrs. D. Van Du en

Thomas Craig O ls n

Linda Vanderwerff Walsh

Rut h Ouimette

Verle W aters

Jobn 1. Parascandola

Ro alyn J. Watts

Wilma 1. Phipps Irene K. Poplin

Emma S. Weigl y Tina Weintraub

Laura M. Randar

Be tsy Weiss

Harrie t D. R Uis

Jean C. Whelan

Susan Reverby

Carolyn A. William.

Shar n L. Richardson

Su an T. Wilmerding

The rese S. Richmond

Ethe l K. Wi ' hart

Natalje N. Riegler

Z ane Robin

L ynn T. Rinke

Alma S. Woolley

S ylv ia Rinker

Ruth R . York

M. Schlotfeldt

Bet h Ann Reck Swan

n Wo lf

Anne Zimmerman

10

P ASSAGE

CALENDAR

Virginia Henderson, nu rse, ed ucator, and researcher, passed aw ay in March at the age of 98 years, after a long, iJlustri­ ous ca reer in nursi ng. Born in Kansas City. Missouri, she was auth or of the w idely used texts, Principle and Practices of Nursing and Basic Principl es of Nursing. Among Henderson' s most important contribut ions to nursing were her efforts to pr ­ vidc a scientific ba is for nurs­ ing, which culminated in the four-volume Nu ing Studies Index . T his ground-breaking index, writt en at the Yale School of Nur ing, was a guide to the anal ytical , historical , and bio­ graphical a pects of nursing lit­ erature published in English from 1900 to 1959. In 1985, th Intemation I Council ofN urs s awarded Henderson the Chrjstiane Reimann Prize.

Sigma heta Tau honored Henderson hy naming thei r li ­ brary after her, the Virginia Hemlerson International I urs­ ing Library . T he New York Times ran a lengthy obituary wi th a photograph of Henderson on M arch 22.

Upcoming Events

Myra Levine, Professor Emerit u ~ at the University of llli nois College of Nursing, passcd away on March 20th at thc age of 75 ye rs. Le ine was a nu rse, educator, author and a highl y respectcd nurse-theorist who articu lated nursing 's co n­ servation pri ncip les and promul­ gated nu rs ino ' . ethic .

American Association for the History of Nursing 13th Annual Conference October 11-13, 1996, Cleveland Ohio.

The AAHN and the Cleveland Clini c are sponsori ng the conference. Leah Curt in, MA, RN, FAA N, will deli ver the key­ note add re 's, Nursing: A Tradition With a Future. AAHN Web Site Add ress: htt p://users.aol.com/Nsg Hi to ry/ AAH N.htm l. For more informat io n, call the CME Department at the following numbers: loca l. 216-444-5696; toll free , 800-762-8173.

Mid-Atlantic Regional Archives Conference 1996 ove mber 7-9, Wi lmin gton , Delaware, Face to Face . Fall meeti ng to be held at the Htiliday Inn Downtown . Program 'omm ittee: Diane Windham Shaw (shawd@lafayelle.edu) and Lesli e imon (2 15-761-4903). Loca l rrange­ ment : Conn ie Cooper (302-655 -7161) and Ellen Rendle (302-655-71 6 1).

International History of Nursing Conference June 12- 15, 1997, Vancouver, British Col umbi a. 10th Annua l Meeting of The Canadian Assoc iation for the Hi' tory of Nursing (CAHN) in coo peration with the N sociat ion Canadienne Pour L' Histo ire du urs ing (ACHN) and the S.c. Histor of Nursing Professional Practice Group. The keynote speech by the Honorab le Monique Begin will ad­ dre the Can dian Health Care System.

Joa n Lynaugh, RN , PhD, FAAN, will de live r the Ha nnah Lecture on the Inter­ national Congress of Turses History Project. For more infor mation contact hei la J. Rankin Zerr, Chair of the Plan­ ning Comm ittee , 5333 Uplands Dri ve, Delta, B.C.. Canada, V4 M 2G3 . Con tact Beth Fitzpat rick by telephone (604-943­ 3012) or at the following e-mail add ress: fitzpat@mountain-inter.nel.

I nternational Council of Nurses Quadrennial Congre s Ju ne 15-20, 1997, Vancouver, British Columbia, Sharing the Hea lth Chal­ lenge. The 21 st Quadrenni al Congr ss will be held at the Vancouver Trade and Convention Center. Gloria Sm ith of the W. K. Kell ogg Foundation will deli ver the key note address ·'Sharing the Hea lth Challenge is Greater Than Health Care."

There will be mai n co ncurrent, and spe­ cial in terest grou p sessions. The spec ial in terest gro ups wi ll prov ide an opportu ­ nity fo r nurses with co mmon intere ts to get toge the r on an inf rmal basis with the help of a translato r. So me groups include Ethicists, Stcwards/Workplace Representatives, Historians, Nurse Au ­ thors, and Editors. For info rma ti on con ­ tact SYMPORG SA, 7 aven ue Pictet-de­ Roche mont CII - 1207 Geneva Swi(zer­ land. Te lep hone: 41 22-786 -3744. Fax : 4122-786-40-80.

New York Academy of Medicine Fall Lecture Series New Y()rk Academ y of Medicine will contin ue to host the lec ture seri es lhis fa ll , "Mak ing Choic <: T he History of Co nfl ic t in Medical Eth ics," wi th the following , pea ker : David Rothman Ph.D.. Columb ia Un i­ ve rsity, Se ptember 10. 1996, Hu man Ex peri me nlati on in th e Unit ed States: The Lessons of History.

Alan R. Fleischman, M.D., The New Yo rk Academy of Medici ne, October JO 1996, Healt h Care Deci ion Making for Grave ly III Ch ildren.

Barron Le rn er, M.D., Co lu mbia Un iver­ sity , November 7 1996, Punl ic Hea lt h Versus Ci vil Libert ies: The U'c of Coer­ ci on for Patie nts wit h Tubercu losis.

Each evening 's festivit ies begins wi th refreshments at 5:30 pm, followed by the lecture at 6:00 pm. Th is ten-part se­ ries, . pon or d by the New Y rk Coun­ cil for the Human ities and the National (continued

0 /1

/l ext page)

11

CALENDAR

(cO flti nued fro m page 10)

Endow men t fo r the Humani tie " i' free and open to the pu blic. The series ex­ pI res the co ntroversi t an d eth ical questions put into hist riea l perspect ive. in order to expand th e understandi n of ethica l is ues th ro ugh op n discu sian, historica l investigation, and rat ional ar­ gu ment s. For informat ion co nt act: Lois Fischer Black, The New York Academy of Med icine, 12 16 Fift h Ave nue, New York, New York I 029. Te lephone: 2 12-876-8200. e-mail: hist lry@nyam.org.

University of Pennsylvania Department of History and Sociology of Science

October 21, Tom Crouch. National Air and Space Museum . Exhibiting Contro­

UI! hanging Purpose in a Chang ing World.

versy: Th e Ellola Gay alld the Uses of Hi tory.

Ce lia Dav ies, Schoo l of H ait h anll So ­ cial We lfare, Open Un iversity. New

October 28, Hugh Siotten, Department of Histo ry, Ge rge Mason Univer ity.

Rainbow ill the Sky: FM Radio, Tec/mi­ cal Superiority a/ld Regulatory Deci­ sioll-M akillg.

Womall New Nurse, New NHS: The hanging Face of Health Care Profes­ iOllalism ill Brita in.

I

Novemher 4 Alice Dreger, Department of History, Michigan State Un iversity.

girls, titere is Wo rkl; Catholic Midwives ami Childbirth reform ill tlte Nether­

Nove mber 11, Eric Feldman, Instit ute or Law an Society, New York Un iver­ si ty , Blood and Bweau racy ill Japall,

lands, 1913- 1930.

LOIV, Conflict alld Compromise.

Call Susan Li ndee at 215-898-227 1 fo r more info rmation.

FaU 1996 Workshops Septemh r 16, Howe ll Harris, De part­ ment of Histo ry Unive rsit y of Durham, England, Mere Nuis ance Vallie ? Ex ­ plailling the persistence of skilled labor in Ihe U.S. foundry trades, ]880-1930.

Septemher 30, Mary Vo , Depart ment of History, Prin eton Un iver -it y. Me­ cizal/ieo ! Philosophy and the Re -emhodi­ 111 ('1110/ Know/cdg

.

October 7, Ru sell Viner, Department f History. Cambridge Universi ty, Radical Medicine ill Antebellum NY, ; Abraham Jacobi alld Germall Social Medicille in A merica.

The Department of Nursing and Midwifery Studies at the University of Nottingham 1996 Conference September 1 -21 , 1996, Nott in gh am, Uni ted Ki ngdom. The foll owi ng speak ­ ers will attend the con f rence ent itled "Nursing, Women s History and the Po lit ics of Welfare": Kare n Bu hler-Wilker on, Center f r the tudy of the History of Nu rsi ng. Univer­ ity of Pe nnsyl va nia Sick at Home: All

Hila ry Marland, Centre for Soc ial Hjsry, Unive rs ity of Warwick, Catholic

Jane Ro binso n, Department of Nur ing and Midwi fe ry Studi es, Uni er ityof No tt ingham. Sustainahle Developmem: Interna tional Hea lth Policy in (he 1990s.

Nanny Wiegman, Free Un iversity.

Amsterdam, Nursing all t Feminism in the Netherlan ds, / 880 -1020.

M niell Baly History of Nursing S ci­ ety, Royal College 0 Nur ing, The Pil ­ fal ls of Writillg History.

For further details c ntact: n!Crence Secretary, Department of Nursi ng and Midwi ery Studies, University of Nott ingha m. Medical chool, Queen ' s Medical Centre, No tt ingham, NG72 UH Un ited Kingdo m. e-mail: MNZSS@mnnl .n ursing.notii ngham.ac.uk. (coll/inued

0 11

IIe.AI p agt:)

MEMBERSIIIP A pP Ll ATION TO TH E C ENTER FOR TH STUDY OF THE HISTORY OF N URSI G Encl o _cd is my check for $ _ _ _ __ _ _ _----.. please enroll me in th e follo wing group: _ _ _ Friends 0 the Cente r (Up to $49) _ __ Lind a Richards Society ($ 100 to $249)

Center Contributor($50 to $(}l)) Lill ian Wald ociety ($250 to $4(9) _ _ _ Alice Fisher Society ($500 and Up)

_ __ Please 'end me more information about named if! opportu nities. _ __ Please end me more informat ion ahout maki ng a beque. t to the Center.

Name ____ _ __ _ __ _ __ __ __ _ __ _ _ ___ School ___ _ _ __ _ __ _

Year _ __ __

Add ress _ __ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ __ _ Cit

State _ _ __ _ __ _ __

Zip _ __ _ __ __

Please make your chec k payable to the Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania. Mail your tax-ded uctib le co nt ributi on to the Ce nter Jo rThe Study a/The History a/Nursing. Uni versity of Penn 'yl vani a, School of NUL ing, 307 Nursing Education Build ing, Philadelph ia, PA I<) I04-6096.

CALENDAR

(continueu tr m page 11)

Hi tory of Medicine Seminars October 24. Su 'an E. Klepp. PhD. Rider Unive rsity, Language alld Pregnallcy iI/ the Fertility Transition : Plri/ad /phia , 17M-IS20.

October 31, Dorothy I. Lansing and W. Robert Penman, MD, College of Phy i­ cian . of Philadelphia. Philadelphia '., 'Joe Pric:e' (1853-J9/ 1): The 'Americall Tait '.

ovcmber 7 amuel Tirer, MD. Pre by ­ terian Medical Center of Philadelphia, The Cas'c of Dr. Stephen T. Beale: Aile ­ thesia

01/

Tria/.

November 14, Carla Ke irns. MA Unj­ versity of Pennsylvania, Babie. ill Boules alld Sharp Meta l Objects: Tilt!

Roll! of Medical Museums ill Medical Research lind Teachillg.

ove mber 21 . Sarah Blank Dine MA, Independent chol ar, Inoculatioll, Pa­ tiellis and Physicians: The Trallsforllla ­ ILOII of Medical Practice ill Philadel­ phia, 1730- /8 10.

1997 Traditi nal Proces ion to The Woodlands Cemetery Center for The tudyof The History of Nursing May 2, Friday, 12:00-2:00 p.m. All are welcome to attend . For more informa­ ti n call the Centcr curator al 2 15-989­ 4502. Please RSVP by Friday, Apri l 18.

Exhibitions Mutter Museum at tbe College of Pbysicians of Philadelphia

Roosevelt s leg braces. are on lnan from the Franklin Delan Museum in lJyde Park. The actual tumor that Grover Cleveland secretly had removeu in I 93 while he wa . aboard a yacht, as well as the cheek retractor (that made secrecy possible by avoiding any tell-tale exter­ nal incision), are part of the C lI ege's permanent collection. A diary kept hy Woourow Wilson 's night nurse whil e he recuperaled from a stroke, will also be on display.

Opening in October: Whell Ihe Presiti!!nf is the Pariellf. Exhibit focuses on thrce presidents, Grover Cleveland, Wo()drow Wil on, and Franklin D. Roosevelt, all of whom battled . everc illness at the ame time the nation Willi undergoing crise '. Some artifacts, such at

READ THE CHRONICLE ON-LINE !

Dece mber 5, CarOline J. Acker PhD, Carnegie Mellon Univer it y, "Geui/lg Off the Stll}]:" Trealmellt alld Research 0 11 the Narcotics Ward at Pelll/sylvania Gel/era! Hospital ill the 1920s.

This newsletter will be regularly featured on the Center' s bomepage on the World Wide Web . Our U RL is the following:

Se mina.rs arc held at the CO ll ege of Ph y­ si cians of Phil adelphia on Thursdays, 12:00-2:00 p. m. For more information call Moniq ue Bourque at 2 15-563-3737.

Other features of our web ite are a pboto gallery, n Ii t of our hold­ ing. with links to selecte finding aids, and link to other related websites in the United S tates and abroad .

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NURSING

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