Fall 1999 Vol. 12 No. I
UPDATE ON NURSE AsSOCIATES AT THE CENTER
JUUE FAIRMAN, PHD During my time at Penn. and in particular in my assoc iation with T he Center ojThc Study oJ The H istory of Nursing, J have been rortun te to have ext remely sup portive mentors. The gr up of chol ars at the History C nter aw me through my doctora l tudies and eventually on to my research a reer, the highpo int of which was the Novemher 1998 publication o f the book Critical Ca re Nursing . A History (Unive L ity Of Pennsy lvania Press). T he book traces the de velopment of critical care units in the I 950s, and exam ines the relationship between nursi ng, medicine, society, and technology. It exami ncs the in n uencc or architectural changes in hospitals. changes in nursing educat ion. relation ships be tween physicians and nU L s, nursing spec ializati on, and publi c expectations of health care on the o rganization 0 care in hospi tal . and rai es question s abou t contemporary health care deci sion-making. The book highlights the importance of expert nur ing car and of the ability of nur es to move beyond tradi tional. functionaJ roles and into sc ien tific based cli nical Lhinking. It els the stage f r a fun damental change in nursing pract ice that occurred in the I 950s. and created a milieu for the nurse practit ioner movement and contemporary collaborative practice. The book. coauthored with Joan Lynaugh. was an ex tension of my dissertation work , and has served as a springboard for later historical research dforts. 8 th Joan and r were very grati fied by the positive popular and pro fessional response LO the book. T he book was rev iewed in the Ph iladelphia Inquirer by Bernice Buresh, wh ich led t an interview on Radio Times with Marty Maas Coane, in spring 1999. There have been very favorable follow- up re vi w; in the Bulletin of the Hi. tory of Medicine, We tern Jour nal ofNursing Research, and Critical Car Nurse. A pap r bac k edi ti n is expected in fall of this year. Olher facets of the cri tical care resea rch have appeared io Advances in Nursing Science. Bulle tin of the History of Medicine, and have been presented at the Research sess ions of Sigma Theta Tau , The American A soc ialion of the History of Medic ine, and d1e A meri can Association of tbe H istory of Nu rsing.
My work in Titical care led to my ClUTent projec t on the de velopment of th nurse practit ioner movcment in the United States. Supported by fundi ng fro m the Pew Foundation , the Leadership Chair (held by Linda Aiken see photograph pg. 8), and a fell owship fro m the Uni ver sity of Virginia School of Nursing C ntc r fo r Nursi ng His toricallnquiry , 1 have been looki ng at change. in medicine and nursi ng education and practice that supported an expanded role fo r nursing. Although nurse Loretta Ford and physi cian Henry S ilver at the Univers ity of Colorado are cred ited with esta bli hing the fi rs t nurse practi tioner program in 1965, nu rses in the 1950s and 1960s were a lready working in exp nded roles over lapping those of physician:s. Examples UNIVERSITY OF PE NSYL VA.NIA include nurses workjng in critical care CHOOL OF NUR IN I units. dialysis units, public health , and Dr. Fairman will be indllcled illto the psychi atric/mental health setti ngs. American Academy of Nu rsing this Nurses' mo ernent into expanded roles November. and into new , more coli gial rel ation ' hip with physicians was supported by
Center for The Study of The History of Nursing
contillued on pag e 10
2
I
CENTER FOR THE STUDY
OF
THE HISTORY
OF
NURSING The Cente r /or The Study of The History of Nursing was es tabli shed in 1985 to encourage and facilitate historical s cho l ~Lrs h ip on health care history and nllrs ing in the Un ited States. Now ill its fi fle nth year of existence, the Center cOlltinuc~ to create and maintain a re source for suc h research; to improve the quality and scope of historical scholarship on nursing; and to di sseminate new knowl edge on nur~ in g hi , tory through education, conferences, publications, and inter-disci plinary collaboration. Current projects at the Center range from studies of international nursing, horne-based nursing, and research on care llf the critically ill to the twentieth-cen tury relationShip betw en nursin o and Amcrican philanthropy. We al so continue to coliect, process, and catalogue an out stand ing collection of primary historical materi al s. Feel free to visit the Center Monday through Friday , 9:00 a. m. to 5:00 p.m. , cholars planning to conduct research at the Cenk r should contact the Center's curato r at 215-898-4502. Our curator will ['espond with a oescription of the scope and conten t of relevant materials in the variolls collection, . Center Advisory Board Ann P. Knight. Chair M. Loui ~e Fitzvatric k. Vice hair illian Sholtis Brunner Esther Cavanaugh Wi lliam H. Helfand Ilnnnah Henderson Jeanne Kiefner Nadi ne Landis Mark Frazier Lloyd Charles E. Rosenberg Stephanie A. Stachniewiez Ann Percy Stroud Tina Weintrau b Center Staff Karen Buhler-W ilkerson , PhD, FAAN Direct(}r Ellen D. Baer, PhD. FAAN Associate Directur
Joan E. Lynaugh. PhD. FAAN Associate Director
Betsy We iss Adlllinistrative AssislmZl
Ri ta Beatty Volunteer
Hil lary Ai senstein
HrLDEGARD
E.
PEPLAU,
1909-1999
Hil degard Pep lau , one of twent ieth century nursi ng 's towering fi gures, died March 17, 1999 at her home in Shennan Oaks, Cali fornia at the age of 89, P piau helped change the focu s of nu rsing educat ion and practice throughout the United States and abroad with her seminal book , Interpersonal Relations in NlIrsing ( 1952). her develop ment of the role of the clinical nurse specialist. and her life-long focu s on tlle power of the re lationsh ip between a patient and a nurse. In 1985 , Dr. Patricia D' Antonio worked with Professor Peplau on her oral history, A a tribute to Profess r Peplau 's life and work, we turned to our collections to hear her story in her own word s. As P piau recalled , "M y parents came from Pol and but they really were Ge nn ,m s. of German origin ... My father was the fi reman on th . Readin g Railroad. I was raised in Reading, Pennsylvania. I had three brothers and two sis ters .... My (older) sister went into nursing. She went to St. Luke's here in Philadelphia. ") had a sense that I wanted to get away from home, and out of R ~adin g .. .Il was an attrac ti ve town, a friendl y to wn, sma ll...(B ut) I didn' t know much abotlt the world ... " (The Pottstown Hospital Training School for Nurses) wasn '[ mueh beyond (Reading), but it was 16 miles away . "1 thoughl nursing school was terrific . No one has hammered away at the short comings of training schools more than 1have, but in my day, in the contex t of my so cialization, it was a great experi nee. "When I got out of training, 1 considered myself a ery good n urse. All there was to know about nursing in Pott to wn I knew , Now granted, looking back, it probably would have fill ed a page. B ut it was a lot, and I knew it, and Lknew it wel l. I (went) to ew York C ity and worked at Mt. Sinai Hospital as a stafr nurse, and br adened my field of ision. And then. when I went to Bennington ( ollege Student Hea lth Clinic) I was in cbarge, I really was .. .an independent practitioner .. . Benni ngton at that point wa . a very avant garde school. I was lucky to have been there. Nursing We S lueky that I was there. I' m one of the very few people who's ever worked thej r way thro ugh Bennington College. They had something called winter fi eld e. perience tllcre. During the winter when it was free zing cold, they'd shut dow n the furnaces to save oil, par ticularly during the war yea rs. And duri ng that ti me you went off somewhere, had $ome kind of educational experience.. .So du ring 011101' the wint r field expel;ences I did dirf r ent thing.. One winter I was at Chestnut Lodge, one wi nter I was at Bellevue, one win ter I did a study of child care agencies with David Levy, and then I we nt back to Chest nut Lodge, back to Bellevue , some private duty psychiatric nursing.
"1 got my degree in 1943. And went right into th army .. .The almy asked us jf our talents were being used .. .Thcre were two ot her nurse_' and r who wanted 10 be in psy chi atry, and we had been through th is "havin o you r talents u ed' before. So we de cided wc would have to be very cleve r t accomplish this ...We knew that if we put psy chiatry down , they wou ldn ' [ send us there. Our logic as that we had to pUl some thing down that would force them to look at our credential , because they couldn 't poss ibl y send us (where we said we wanted) . So we decided to put the eye cl inic down, because we knew th y only had one nurse in that clinic, and they bad abso lutely no need of any other nurses, and there was no way we w re going to get it. And the y fell right into it. They looked at oLlr credential s, and we got shipped to the 3-1 2lh Stati on Hospital , which was the school of mili tary neuropsychiatry in Europe. So I spent the rest of thc war there. There, all of the psychiatrists from England, som from Europe, and the Americans psych iatri sts came through there . (And) .. they fle w eases from the front lines directly to our compound. So within 24,48 hours. we had (people wi th) fresh psychosis, fresh combat neurosi:;. It was an interesting, cxciting place. Whatever was aVlUlt garde in psychiatry ... was there and I was in on it. And 1 kn w < Ll these men personally. And \ hen I came back from the war, and we reved lh ings up to do better by the menta lly ill in this country , I knew allt h 'c men. That was just plain good luck
Editor. The Chronicle cOlltinued Oil page 9
3
PASSING
We are sorry Lo report the death of our friend and advisor, D oris R. Schwartz. Doris died at her home in Foulkeways in G wynedd, PA., August 22,1999. She was 84 years old. A memorial service was held at Gwynedd Friends Meeting on October 3,
1999. Doris was born and raised in Brookl yn, NY . sharing her youn g life with her par ents, one brothe r and many cousi ns . After high school she went on to Brooklyn's Central Methodist H spital Training School , graduati ng in 1942. She joined the United States Army Nurse Corps at the height of W orld W a r fl, se rvi ng on the hospital ship M arigold in the Pacific. Afte r VJ day, sh work d in reha bilitation at Percy Jo nes G eneral Hosp ital in Battle Creek, Ml. D ischarged as a captain in 1947, Doris R. SchwariZ Dori s we nt back to school at Ne w York University Lo finis h her baccalaureate degree and worked part time for the A merican Journal of Nursing. Between 1948 and 1950 she participated in the com bined vi siting nur e!pu blic health nu rs ing Redhook experi ment in Brookl yn , NY. A fter spending a year on a Rocke fe lle r Foundation Fellowship at the Uni versity of Toronto, she began a long career at the Corne ll Universi ty-New Yo rk Hospital School of Nursing where she also served as public health nursing consul tant to the Co rne ll Medical College . Her fi rs t pos ition was public health nu rse and head nurse in tbe Compre hensive Care C linic of Nc \ York Hospital. F or ten years she worked to introd uce public health nu rsing con cepts to medi cal students and nursing studcnts caring for ambu latory patients . In 1961 Dori began a study of elde rly chro nicall y ill patient in a mbulatory care, which she oft.e n defin ed as her introduction to research. Late r, in 1970, she found ed and di rected the first of two Co rnell nurse practi tio ner programs. Doris re tired fro m Cornell in 1980. She thcll served as a Sen ior Fellow at the Unive rs ity of Pennsylvani a School of Nursi ng from 1980 to 1990. Throughout he r career Do ris kep t journa ls and wrote scholarly articles , books, magazi ne articles, an d le tte rs to her fri ends and acquaintanc es. Her best kno wn book, The Elderly, Ambulatory Pa/ient: N ursing and Psychosocial N eeds (1964) was the result of her eurly studies in geri atric nurs ing. We estimate that there are about 65 Schwart7. publicatio ns coverin g the fi e ld from the Nelli York Times Magazine to Reader's Digest and from the Scottish Home and Health Bulletin to Nursing Re search. A sample of honors accorded Doris Schwartz includes, recognition as a "Living Legend" by the Ame rican Academy of Nursing, the APHA's Disti nguished Career Award, the New York VNS 's L illian Wald Spiri t of Nursing A ward, and the establish ment of the Doris Schwartz. T erm Chair in Gc r nto!ogical Nursing a t the U niversity of P nn sy lvania. TIle Dori s Sc hwa rz. papers here at the Cente r docume nt her involvement in re search and in nu rs ing education, including the Navajo-Cornell Field Researc h Project, geriatric nurse practitioners and family nurse practiti oners. T hey also includ ' her ad dresses, articles, testimony, interviews, lett rs to edito rs, and materials related to her autobiography Give Us to Go Blithely. There are abo many excellent photog ra phs. I thi nk he r colleague and friend, Professor e vi lle Strump f, expressed o llr feelin gs best in her Penn trib ute to Do ris. "Doris Schwartz fulfilled all att ribu tes of colleague , mentor and friend - and she left the world a better place than she fo und it. "
NEWS FROM TIIE C ENTER C ENTER S TU DE TS PA RTICrPATE IN NURSING REsEARCH CONGRESS Center doctoral students participated in the Better Health T h rough Nursin Research State of the Science Congress, sponsored by the American Acade my of Nursing, F riends of NINR (Na tional lnsti tute of Nu rSing Research, a branch of the NTH) and Sigma Theta T au Int m alional, in W ashington DC Septe mber 15- 18. The sess ion, Lessons from the Past: Implica t ions for tbe Future, organiz ed by Cynth ia Con nolly , featured ta lks by Dr. Connoll y Prevention Through Detention: Nurses and the Tuberculosis Preventorium; Jean C. W helan - Expecting Too Mu ch of th e Law: The 1938 N ew York Stare Nurse Practice Act ; M ary An n Krisman-Scott The Room at the End of th e Hall; Kath leen Burke - The Invisible Actors ' The Development and Diffus ion oj the P ulmonary Artery Cath eter; and Katy Daw ley - N ursing Implications oj the Campaign to E!iminGle th e M idwife. The ta lks all used social and hi Slori cal mcthodolob'Y as rescarch tools. As Ms . K risman-Scott (whose to pic e xplored transi tion s in the care of the dying in Ame rica fro m post World Wa r II to the H ospice Move ment) put s it: "Historical inq uiry is no t the search for a single truth , rather the search for pattems o f events and conte xtual meaning , it a Uo ws us to analyze queslions regardi ng the natu re o f nurs ing and its rela tionship with the world in which nursi ng ext ·ts. This may , in tu rn , provide under tandil1g of current be ha v iors and prac tices." The s ssion was very we ll received and the participants were asked to subm it articles based on the presentations fo r the centenniaJ issue of The American Journa l of N ursillg. A n impressi ve ClmOLml of fu nding is s upport ing these stude nts ' research: fro m Nl NR, the Am erican Nurses Foundation, S igma Theta Tau , the Am eri can Associati on fo r the History of urs ing and our ow n L il lian Brunne r Sum me r Fel lo w.'h ip aw' rd . Two o f our se h lars, Jean W helan and Katy Da wley, next we nt on to distin g uis h the mse lves at the Sixteenth AlUma l Confe re nce of the American Associatio n co ntinued
0 /1
page 9
4
FELLOWSlllPS Alice Fisher ociety Historical Schol arshjp Lillian Sholti Brunner Historical Fel low hip The Center fo r The lUdy of The History o{ Nur ing o ffers two fe llow ships 0 $2.500 to support residen tial study us ing the Center's coll ec tions. The Alice Fisher Soc ie ty Historical Scholarshi p, made possible by the gener osity of the Alu mni Association of the Ph il adelphia General Hospita l T ra ining School for Nurse. , is opcn to nurses at th m,lste r's or docto ra l level who are seeking assistance w ith r search and writi ng as part of thei r study of hi tory. Each scholar wi ll be expected to spend 4 to 6 weeks in residence at the Center. Selection of B run ner Scholars will be ba ed on ev ide nce of preparation and/or prod uctivity in hi. torical research rd atee! t nu rsing. Although doctorally pre pared candidate!> are preferred, the fe l lowships are op n to those wi th pre-doc toral prep ~ ratio n . B runner Scholar typi cally work 6 to g weeks under the general d irect ion o f nurse historians associated with the Center. It is expected that the research and new materials prod uced by Brunne r Scholars will he lp ensure the growth of sch larly work focus d on the history o f nurs ing. A pplicatio ns for both the Al ice Fishe r S ciety Histori cal Scholarship and the Lillian S holti , Brunner Historical Fe Uows hip may be bla ined by writing Center D irector Karen B uhler-W ilkerson at T he Center /or The Study afThe H is tory af N uL ing, University of Pe nnsyl ani a, School of Nu rsing, 307 N ursing Ed ucati n Bu ilding, Philadelphi a, PA 19104-6096, orhycaUing 21 5-898-4502. The ap plication deadline i December 3 1 I~. ' The form s are aJso available on-line at http://www.nursing.upenn.edu/h is tory/re search .htm.
The Paul Klemperer Fellowsh ip in lhe History ofMedicioe Tbe Audrey and William H.Helfand Fel lowship in the Medical Humanities Each year the New York Academy of Medicine o ffers the Paul Klemperer F 1 low hip and the Aud rey and W illiam H.
Helfand Fell ow hip to support work in history and th huma nit ie as they relate to medici ne, the biomedical sc iences, and heaHh. T he Klemperer F ellow, hip supports research using lhe Academy Library as a hi, torical rcsource. 1t is intended specifi caUy for a cholar in re. idence in the col lecti ns of the Academ y Library . The Hel fand Fellowship more broadly su pports work in the humanities , incl uding both creative projects dea ling wit h health and the m djcal enterprise, and scho larly research in a humanistic d isc ipline as app lied to medicine and health. Alth ough residc nce i not obliga tory, pre ference in the se lection process wi ll be given app licants whose p rojects require us of the resources of the Acad emy Library and ho plan to spend time al tile Academy. Thc Academy ma intains one o f the largest mcdical libraries in the United Sta tes w ith a collec tion of more th ~n 700.000 volumes, 275,000 portrai ts and illustrations and 183,000 pam phl Is. The H i torical Collections Depal1ment con tains 50.000 volumes in the history o r medicine, science and othe r health-re lated d isciplines. Of these, rare materials dating from 1700 B ,C. to the twentieth centu ry numbe r approx imately 32,000 vol umes. Especiall y well represen ted are medical Americana and clas, ic works in the history of West rn European medi c ine and p ublic health. P rimary so urce ma terials include mo r than 2.000 man u scripts, most no tably the Edwin Smith Surgical Papyru , along wi th photo graphs and medical arti fa ts. Secondary sources include an exteo' ive history o f medici ne re ference collection . nd 95 cur rent journal su bscript ions in t he history of the healt h sc iences. Besides the Academ y s own archives the collection also houses the arc hi ves of many health rel ated institutions and organizations, w hich serve a a primary resource fo r the wstory of h al th admi nistration, p ubl ic health, med ical education, and medical practice in Ne w York. The gen ral c llec ti ns of the Library incl ude o ne of the world 's larges t colle lions o f literature on cl inical medicine and re lated fiei ds for the nineteenth amI first half of the twen tieth century.
The New York Academy of Medi cine i ' a nOI-for-profit ed ucational insti tu tion establi hed in 1847 to enhan ce the healtb of the public. W ith its member ship of 2.700 lead ing practitio ners. medi cal researchers. adm inistrator' , heaJth sciences educators and other health care profe ssionals, the Academ y is a leader in addre ssing issues important to health in the United Slates. especiall problems associate d with urban environments. [n hou e program staff engage in re earch and service work in such areas as epide miology . hea lth policy. public health. biocth ics, scho I hea lth. hi story of medi cine and the medi 81humanities. Slaff seminars and other oecasions to meet and dis uss work su tain an active intel lectual life at the Ac:ademy. The Helfand Fellow 'hip and tile Klempercr Fellowsh ip each provide sti pel1d ~ of up to $5,000 to support travel, lodging and incidental expenses for a flexib le period between June 1,2000 and May 31, 200 I. Besides com pleting re search or a creative project ea h Fellow wi ll be expecte d to make a presentation at the Academy and su bm it a fin al report on tile project. We invite applica tions from anyone - rega rd l ~ s o f citizenship. acad mic d isc ipline, Or academic status - w ho wi hes to use the Academy's collections for histori cal research or for a scho larly or creative pr jeet in the m di cal humani tie s. Preference will be gi ven to ( I ) thos w ho show the need to use resourc es that are uniq uely avai lable al the Academy, and (2) cho lars or cre ative arti ts in the eady stages o f their caree rs. Applicants may compete for eitiler the K lemperer or the Helfand e llow hip, but not both. Tbese fe llow chip are awa rded directl to the individua l appli can t and not to the in t itution where he o r she may normally be emplo yed . None of the fe llowship money i~ to be u ed for insti tutional ov rhead. Applications must be received by the Academy by Febru ary 4. 2000; candi dates will be informed of the re 'uHs by
May 15. 2000. Til appli alion forms and instruc tions for completing it are availa ble vi a the H ist rical Collections Web S ite . P ocontinued on back page
5
THE
A
UMWA's MINERS MEMORJAL HOSPITALS:
MODEL OF HEALTH
CARE REFORM IN THE
COAL FlELDS OF SOUTHERN APPALAClllA This on-going study wus Illude pn.uible by sLippon j r u/I! the Alice Fisher Society's SLimmer Fe l!o l\l.~hip at [he University of Penllsylvanw's Cel/fer for TIIP Study of The His/o ry of NlIrsing
It is almost an understatement to say miners' health care during the first half of the twentieth-century was minimal. Health care in tbe southem Appalachian coal field ' during this era was perhaps reflectIve of the fra gmented health care generally found through out the South during the early years of this century . Altbough there were at tempts at organizing and providing health care to mi ner, there was not a viable system in place unti l the United Mine Wo rkers of America establi,'hed the Miners Memorial Hospitals in 1955 . The Miners Memorial Hospitals were established as a result of the 1947 federa l govemment' s Medical Survey o f the Bituminous-Coallndustry, corrunonly referred to a ' the Boone Report. T his survl,;y detailed the honcomings of health care in the sou th ern Appalachian region and recom mended that a con onium of hospitals be es tablished to bring modem healtb care to the miners and their famil ies. The consortiu m consisted of ten hospitals in a 250-m ile mdius . encompassing eastem Kentucky, southc ll1 West Virginia, and southwest Virginia. The ho 'pilals wcre ad ministered and supported by the UMWA's Health and Retirement Fund and were viewed as the most modem o f their lime . TIle Miners' Hospilals provided emergent and acule care, as well a ' extensive rehabi litaLion and ambulatory care services. For the first time in southem Appalachia. prevenLive health care ervices were a priority. The hospitals were also teach ing fac ilities ffering residency program~ and nurses training. Despite their modem facili ties and new philosophies of care, the Miners Memorial Hospita ls were not without problems and controversy . The system comp lete ly de pended upon the coal industry 's Iinancia l prosperity. Unfort unately by mid-cent ury, that pro penty was waning as other Ollrces of fue l and energy were found to he more efficient and cheaper. In addi tion, the UMWA's Health and Ret irement Fund was ex pend ing large amounts in retire ment benefits to th aging miners' popU lation. By 1962. it became evident that the UMWA ould no longer fi nan cially support the Miners at work .
mi n rs hospitals.
By the mid - 1960s tbe Miners Memorial Hospi tals had been sold to the Presbyterian
Church. Questions that have guided this study thus fa r and whic h will be exp lored in the continued research are: I. Other coal regions, suc h as the mid-west , were organized by the UMWA. Why was 0 much effort expended up n, and money pent on, the health care in the Appa lachian coal field ·1 e(m/in tle£! on p age IIJ
CALL FOR ABSTRACTS American Association for Ule His
tory ofNu r sing eventeenth Annual Conference. Scptemher22-24. 2000, Villanova, Pennsy lvan ia. The American Association for the History of Nursing and the Villanova Un iversity College of Nursing arc co-sponsoring lh is annual confcrem:e U,al provide a forum for sharing historical research on nursing. The conference will include paper and poster pre entations. as well as other opportun iLies for learn ing and sharing h istoric.11 interest . Guideline for ubmissions : Pre sentations will be selected on the baSIS of merit through blind review. Please submit six copies of your abstract. One opy of the ahstract must have complete title , author, address , lnstitutional affilia t ion, and phone number and indicate whelher it is for a poster and/or paper presentation. Five copies . hould have the Lille but no author or other identify ing information . This will facilitate the blind review. Abstracts will be reproduced for conference participants, plea e follow guidelines carefully. Abstracts should include: IdenLification of U1C study's purp se, raLionale and significanl.;e of the ~tudy. description of methodology, identification of primary and secondary sources, Lbe findings, and conclusions. Abstract Preparation: Margins must be one and one half inches left, one inch oltom, t p, and right. Putlille in aps and single space body. Use only one page. A tamped. se1 f-addre ed envelope mu ·t be enclosed with the ab stracL Ab lracts lhat do not confonn 10 the guideli[)es will be retumed . Ab stracts must arrive on or before January 15,2000. Mail to: Dr. Elizabeth Norman, Chai r AAHN Abstract Review Committee New York Uni versity, Djvision of Nurs ing Shimkin Hall -Room 533 50 West 4th Street New York. New York IDO 12
6
COLLECTIONS
BOOKS The Center maintains a small book collection of approximately 1,500 titles. These titles do not circulate but patrons are welcome to examine the m in the Center's reading room during normal hours of operation. The Center's book holdings may be searched by au thor, title, or subject via thc University of Pennsylvania's automatcd on-line catalog known as FRANKLIN which can be accessed through the internet at http://www.franklin.library.upenn.edu A hard copy print out of the Center's book holdings is available in the Center's reading room.
MANUSCRIPTS Hospitals, Schools of Nursing and Nursing Alumni Associations Albert Einstein Medical Center School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, 1930-1986,0.8 lin. ft.
Alexian Brothers Hospital, Chicago , IL, 1885-198 1, 004 lin. ft.
Alumni Assoc. of the Philadelphia General Hospital School of Nursing, 1850-c.1980, 70 lin. ft.
Alumnae Assoc. of the Mercy-D ouglass Hospital School of Nursing, 1896-1980, 1.5 lin. ft.
Chautauqua School of Nursing, Jamestown , NY, 1905,004 lin. ft.
Chcstnut Hill Hospital School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, 1907-1987,24.33 lin . ft.
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia School ofNw'sing, 1897-1987, 13.7Iin. ft.
Freedmen's Hospital Nurses Alumni Club of Philadelphia, 1973-1986, 0.1 lin. ft.
Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing,1894-1970, 35.2 lin. ft.
Lankenau Hospital School of Nursing, Philadelphia , PA, 1871-1992, 52.5hn. ft
Lock Haven Hospital,Lock Haven, PA, 1896-1964, 0.8Iin. ft.
Loeb e nter for Nursing and Rehabilitation , New York City, 1962-1985, 0.2Iin. ft.
Mercy-Douglass Hospital School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, 1896- 1983, 181in. ft.
Misericordia Hospital School of Nursing, Philadelphia, P A, 1924-1928, 15 photographs
Mu hlenberg Hospital School of Nursing, Plainfield , NJ, 1896-1961, 0 .2Iin. ft.
Ph iladelphia e neral Hospital, 1885-1940,7 reels
Philadelphia School of Nursing Medical Supply and Dispensary, 1903-1904, 004 lin. ft .
Presbyterian School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, 1871-1987, 152 lin. ft.
St. Jose ph School of Nursing, Lancaster, PA, 190?-1996, 33 lin . ft.
Sl. Luke 's Hospital , Philadelphia, PA, c.1900, 1 folder
St. Mary' s Hospital , T roy, N.Y., c.1920, 0.2 lin. ft.
Society of the Alumni of the School of Nursing, Univ. of Pennsylvania, 1960- 1980, 2 lin. ft.
Woman's Hospital of Philadelphia, 1858-1976, 6lin. ft.
Voluntary Non-Profit Associations Athens County (Ohio) Visiting Nurses Association , 1982-1992, 1.7 lin. ft.
Brandywine Home Health Agency , 1917-1990, 8.3Iin. ft.
Montgomery County (PA) Homemaker Home Health Aid Service, 1967-1990, 3.75 lin . ft.
Moorestown (NJ) Visiting Nurse Association, 1909-1986, 3.6Iin. ft.
Na tional F und for Medical Education , 1949- 1990, 1781in. ft.
Ne ighborhood Vis iting Nurse Association , 19 12- 1989, 13 lin. ft.
Princeton (NJ) Community League Visiting Nurse Committee, 1924-1950, 0.2 Iin . ft.
Starr Centre Association of Philadelphia , 1897-1954,5.5 lin. ft.
Tri-County Visiting Nurse Association (NJ) , 1894- 199 1, 2. 9Iin. ft.
Visiting Nurse Association of Allegheny County (PA) , 1918-1 990 , 6.5 lin . ft.
Visiting Nurse Association of Ambler (PA ) & V icinity, 1922-1987, 8.5Iin. ft.
Visiting Nurse Association of E<lstern Montgomery County (PA), 1922-1984 , 23 lin. 1'1.
Visiting Nurse Association of Greatel' Philadel phia , 1976-1994, 5 lin. ft.
Visiting Nurse Association of South Central Connecticut, 1905-1987, 6lin. fl.
Visiting Nurse Service of New York , 1993, I videotape
Visiting Nu rse Society ofPhiladelphia. 1855-1987, 23.8Iin. ft.
Professional and Military Association American Legion, P ennsylvania D ivision, H. Fairchild Post No. 412, 1919-1989, 2.25 lin . ft. American Medical Womcn ' s Association , 1981 ,6 tapes
7
COLLECTIONS
American Nephrology Nurses' Association, 1986-1987, 0.2 lin. ft.
Andrew G. Curtin Association of Army Nurses, 1861-1903, 0.21in. ft.
Association of Community Health Nurse Educators, 1977-1995, 6.25 lin. ft.
Council on Graduate Education for Admin. in Nursing , 1970-1994,4.5 lin. ft. International Council of Nurses, 1946-1970, 16.5 lin . ft.
National Organization for Public Health Nurses, 1913-1953,25 reels
Pennsylvania Higher Education Nursing Schools Association, 1977-1995, I lin. ft.
Pennsylvania League for Nursing, 1948-1989, 11.25Iin. ft.
Pennsylvania Nurses ' Association District I, 1919-1973, I 1.7 lin. ft.
Pennsylvania Nurses' Association, District 2, 1920-1978, 1.9 lin. ft.
Individuals Aiken, Linda H., 1972-1993,10 lin. ft. Ashley, Jo Ann, 1942-1980, 10 lin. ft. Austin, Ann L. , 1940-1970, llin.ft. Benoliel,Jeanne Q uint, 1962-1998 , 3.75 lin. ft. Brennan, Mary , 1941-1982,2 'lin. ft . Brunner,LillianS., 1910-1995, 20.33Iin. ft. Capers, Cynthia Flynn, 1978-1982, 0.8 lin. ft. Chase, Adaline, 1900-1975, 1.6Iin. ft. Clymer, Mary Y., I 886-1889,O.2lin. ft. Darragh. Mildred, 1923-1928, OAlin . ft. D' Estl, Erncstine Kitt!, 1888-1956,1 volume DiSandro, Edith Hyde , 1924-1927, 0.5Iin. ft. Duffy , Eileen M., 1975-1977,5 folders Eataugh, Dorothy Mark, 1938, I volume Emonds, Beverly L. , 1965-1981, OAlin. ft. Erikson, Edith Ives, 1928-1985, OAlin. ft. Erikson, Ruth, 1932-1935,4 foldcrs Errickson, Sara Maiter. 1937 - 1989,0.8 lin. ft. Fagin,Cl aireH., 1926-1996, 16.3Iin. ft. Fawcett Jacqueline M., 2.9 1in. ft. Fondes , Tabitha Parker, 1912-1996, OAlin. ft. Francis, Susan c., 1934-1987, 1 folder Godfrey, Mary Robin son, 1910-1987, I folder Goodrich, Annie Warburton, 1871-1955, 1.25 lin. ft. Gordon, Suzanne, 197?-199?, 6 lin. ft. Griscom, Edith Lewis Palmer, 1909-1912, 0.2 lin. ft. Gruber, Mildred, 1904-1906, I folder Heffernan, Bernardine, 1968-1986, I foldcr Hoff,Bertha, 1913-1914, I volume Holleran, Constance, 196?-199? , 0.5 lin. ft. Holman,Lydia, 1888-1960, I folder Izcka,Jadwiga, 1939-1960, I folder Johnston, Margaret Al ice, 1944-1945, OAlin. ft. Johnstone, Marie, 1906, 1 folder Jones, Elizabeth, 1899-1946, 1 folder Keeler,1ane D ., 1935-1985, 0.6Iin. ft. Kennedy, Cecile, 1939-1957,1 folder Lambertsen, Eleanor C.. 19 15-1977, 7lin. ft. Landis, Nadine, 1930-1988 , 21 lin. ft. Lasek, Elinor Fry, 1935-1938,0.25 ; lin. ft. Lei ninger, Jcnny 1915-1986, I folder Lemley, Alice and Lillie, 1887-1888,2 folders Leonard , DOTothy Harvey, 1947-1987. 2.5 Iin . ft. Lynch . Theresa L, 1896-1986, IAlin. fl. Madde n. Marietta H., 1928-1997,3 lin. ft.
cOlllilllled on pag e 8
fCOLLECTIONS
conlinued ji-om page 7
Matthews, Irene, 1933- 1985, 0.8 lin. ft.
M Carron, Sarah, 1917- 1964, 1.7 lin. ft.
McCorkle, RUlh, 194 1-1998, O.4lin ft .
McCosh, Isabella Guthri , 1897, 1 follier
M'Cready , Mary Anne, 1904,0.2 lin. flo
Mereness, Dorothy Ann, 1910-1 991 , 3.2 lin. ft.
Morris, Mabel Hannon, 1935- 1990, 3l in. ft.
Newman, Edna Albert, 1924-1936, I folde r
Nightingale, Florence, 1856- 1896, O.2 Iin. 1'1.
unan, Edith, 1887-1976, 4.6 Iin. fL Ol inatz, Nanette, J958-1960. 7 folders Overbolrz, Ella Florence, 1921, 10 folders Page, Nancy J. 1960-1 962, OAlin. ft. Peplau Hildegard E. 1985, J folder RlldbiU,SamueIX., 1985-1 989, 1 folder Ratti, Charlotte Tyson. 1928 - 1970, U.8Un. ft. Rau chen berger, Dorothy, 19 14-1986, I fo lder Ritter, Beatrice, 1947 -1 957,3 folders Roberts, Doris, 193? -199. .l.251 in. ft. Robinson, Alice Merrill, 1920-1 983, 8lin . ft. Rogers. Wesley Wiley. 1987, U.2Iin. ft. Saba, Virginia. 1937- 1972, Ilin. ft. Schlotfeldt,RozellaM., 190'1- 1993, 3 lin. ft. Schwartz, Doris, 1915- 1995, 3.5 Iin. ft. Seh rr Thelma M.. 1968-1989, 1.6 Iin. ft. Shutt, Barbara, 196'. -1986, 1.25 li n. fl. Smith,DorothyM., 1954-1997.3.75 lin. ft. Somers AnneRamsey,1933 - 1982,0.41in. ft. Soper, Martha Lenora Collett, 1919- J 920, I folder
Stacbnicwicz, Stephanie A., 1967- J977, 1.25 li n. ft.
Stem, Beverly Peril, 1955- 1960,2 folders
Strumpf, EdnaE.LaPorte, 1934¡ 1977, llin. ft.
Todd,C.Edwina, 1947-1953.1 folder
Tram. Rose Anna, 1926-1970. 11in.ft.
van der Peel, Robert A. , 19R9, I folder
Weiss, Olga, 1928-1 974, 0.8 lin. ft.
West.RobertaM.,1886- 1937, IOlin.ft .
Whitmer, Laura Strickler, t 934- 1947, 1 fo lder
Wilcox.Barbara. 1966-1981,O.8Iin. ft.
Wolanin. Mary Opal. 1945 -1996,3. 75 1in. fl.
York,EdithM. , 1922- 1923, 1 folder
The Cellter' . eXlcnsil'e coliccrio/ls feGi ure the papers nI Dr. Lillda H. Aike n. Claire M. Fallin Leadership ProFessor ill Nu rsing. i ll /979. (ahove)
Miscellaneous Group Eve.nrogBulletin, 1905- 1975, O.S lin. lt Will.iamHelfand PosterCol lection , L91 ?-1 94,?, Lfolder William Helfand Postcard Collection, 1900-1990, OAlin. ft. WilliamHelfandSheetMu icCollection, 19 12- 1939.1 folder History of Nurs ing in Philade lphia, 197 - 1974, OA lin. fl. J. B. Lippincoll Compan , 1871-1 93 I, I folder
Nurses for the Future Coof renee, 1987 1 folder
Philadelphia General Hospita l History Task F ree Oral History Project, 1994. 0.4 lin. ft.
Phi ladelphia Mayor's Com mission on Health in the Eighties, 1983-1 984. O.8 Iin. fl.
Peter Short Photograph Collection, 1993 -1 994,0.25 lin . ft.
Theodore Starr Savings Bank, 1896- 1 01,0.2 lin. n.
World War I Photographs from France 19 18-1925, 0.4 lin. ft.
Michael Zwerdling POltlcard Collection, 1907 -1916, 1folder
I
9
HILDEGARD
E.
PEPLAU,
1909-1999
c(JIllinuedfrumpag e 2 " ... When I came ou t, I had the 01 Bill , so I went to Teachers College (TC) a' a (masters) student. (T )his was the fi rst time in my tife that I wasn' t working my way through my education . My WllY was paid. I got a generous stipend . They paid fo r my books. They paid my tuition at the Will iam Alti on Whi te Institute where I was taking courses, and it was pay ing my psychoanalytic ees which was for train ing purposes. T he Mental Health Act was passed in 1946 and that im mediatel made money a ailable for ad vanced nu rsing practice. So in Septemoer f 1948 I came back to TC ... as an in truct r and di rec tor r their grad uate pr gram in p ycbiatric nursi ng . ... And the re were abso lutely no guideli nes (about what 1 should do ). (So) then I spent a lot of time th ink ing about how, (this) would be a case study. (witl) stude nts wo rking) on a 1: I ba sis with patients, r et it up so th at the total clinical cxperienc was a semester of nur ing school, and then Ulis cli nic. I work with one patient, one hour and we spent the rest of the time going over th . data. Anti the y wrote down everything they said, ev erything th palienl said. We called it I : I relationship stud ies. We put it on the basis that iliey needed to know how extensi ve the psychopathology was in order that tbey could appreciate how difti cul t was the physician's work. I iliought that was neat. And then in private. in our own little sess ions, we told them they were moving in the di rec tion of psychot herapy. And not one nurse let the eeret ut. "We did not have physician s do any of the teaching 01' the supe rv ision. It was going to be our own model, and we were goi ng to evol e it and they (the students) were goin g to help me do it. And they got into it. Anti th t took fro m 1948 till about 1960. O ur task was to create adva nced psychiatric nursing pract ice, because ther was no such thing. And as quick ly as we developed anything, it tlowed down to basic be cause iliere was no basic practice either. What we have now is a drip method, but we didn 't have a drip then, (we had) a waterfall. And we were worki ng in isolation ... We all we re burdened with all sorts of things to get our programs started , to g t the cont nt developed, the get the fie lds going, admit the . tudents, deal with the student's pI' b lems. It was jus t tremendous. 'My book Interpersonal Relations in Nu rsing was r ady in 1949. And it hould have been publisbed then. But MacMillan turned it down, beeause no nurse . ho uld wri t s uch stuff. (Putnam fina lly published it in (954). And it was an instant success, a new paradigm. Because everythi ng before that was descripti ve and in trapersonal. It was a whole new way of looking at nurses ...
"I think nurscs at that point were prevented from working with patients . They were told to keep busy... Nursin g was activity oriented ... The on ly place YOLI cou ld talk with a patien t was in pu bl ic healili nursing. And I think nurses wanted that talk in g with patient legitimated: there was a long ing to do it...l think the interpersonal idea validated that. "When J we nl to R utgers in 1954, it became very obvious to me that un less we br ught the profession 'orne distance, (to) some lLI1derSlandi ng of the cl inical pecial ist role in psychiatric nursing there wouldn' t be an y jobs for them . So in 1957, I started doing some clinical workshops around the country . And the upshot of th at was nurses work ing in psych iat ric sett ings di covered that they cou ld learn about the 1: I relationship and they knew first hand what the therape utic work of the clinical special ist wa going to be . The whole field or psychiatric nursing changed. T he broad sweep of psychiatric nursing into the pro fession made it a different profession." And w might add , Professo r Peplau' s work made us quite different nurses.
The family requests that memorial contributions be made to either of these: Peplau Research Fund, c/o American Nurses Foundation Schlesinger Library - Radcliffe College Harvard University
I
NEWS FROM THE
CENTER
colllimied F am page 3 for the History ofNur. ing in Bo IOn Mas achusetts, October 1-3 1999. Jean poke on Smaller and Cheaper: The
Chi ago Hourly Nursing Service. 1926 1957 and Katy presented New Profes sionals: Public Health Nurse and Nurse-Midwife - Campaigners 10 Elimi nate the Midwif e.
SPEAKER AT CENTER Sioban Ne lson , PhD. RN, spoke at the Center on October 21 on Colonizing
Care: Vowed Women, Free Enterprise and NurSing ill the New World. Dr. Nelson i a Re ear h Fellow at the School of Postgraduate Nursing. Univer sity of Me lboum ,Carlton. Victoria Aus tral ia. Her presentation emphasized the importance o f the nursin g work of reli giou women not onl to ilie developm nt of th profess ion but also to the evolution of America's health and hospi tal system. Dr. Nelson 's research is part of a larger project scheduled to be published by the University of Pennsylvan ia Press: Vowed Women and Virtuous Work: Hos pital Foundation and Skilled Nursing
By Nineteen th Century Religious Women in England and the New World. She also recentl y published an article "Entering the Professional Domain: The Maki ng of the Modem Nur e in 17th Century France," in Nursing History Re
view.VoI7 , 1999.
CENTER PHOTOS ON DISPLAY Several photograpbs from the Center's ViSiting Nur e collection: are featured in the exhibition Here i to Your Health: A Salute to the History and Ser
vice oftbe Philadelphia Department of Public Health. Sponsored by the Phila delph ia Department o f Public Health and the Philadelphia Department of Records, the exhibit ion opened October 21 , in the M unicipal Serv ices Bu ild ing, Concour e Level. 1401 Jo hn F. Kennedy Boulevard.
10
UMWAMINERS
UPDATE ON NURSE A SSOCIATES AT THE C ENTER
continued from page 5
2. Why did the UMWA choose to build a system of hospitals rather than purchase commercial health care .i nsur ance, which may have proven to be much less costly in the long-run? 3. What was nursing's contribution to miner' s health under this system?
4. Were the nursing schools that were established accredited schools? 5. What were the school's curricula?
6. What was the AMA's reaction to such 11 system and what political argu ments were fought?
7. Why did the U M WA have prob lems with Kentucky ' s Medical Society in regard to the establishment of the hospi tals, but seem able to garner support from West Virginia ' s Med ical Society?
8. Was thi s " experimental" system rcflective of the social changes that were occurring in America? 9. We re the M iners Me morial Hospi tal s reflecti ve of the changes in health eare that were occurring in America? 10. Why did the system eventually provc to be too costly for the UMW A?
continued from page 1
changes occurring in medicine and nursing practice and education, gender notions of professional boundaries, social movements such as feminism and civil rights, and pub lic perceptions of the right to access health care. This study will raise issues of the gendered and contingent notions of professions and professional boundaries, incl ud ing the debates raised on issues such as prescriptive authority and reimbursem ent by the growing set of skills shared by both medicine and nursing. To date, I have examined the records of the State B oards of Nursing and Medicine of Pennsylvania and collected oral histories of "pioneer" nurse practitioners and nu rs ing educators. I am currently working with the D orothy Smith collection of papers held by the History Center that are particularly germane to my work. Dorothy Smith was the first Dean of Nursing at the University of Florida in G ainesville, Florida from 1956 to 1971. She established an integrated nursing system within thc Medical Center that eliminated the gap between nursing education and practice, and incorporated practice, teac hi ng, and research. As Dean of the school of nursing she was part of the dccision-making triad composed of the schools of medicine, nursing, and allied health that established a ncw model for patient care and for relationships between the hcalth professions. Smith began a nursing consultation service that se rved as a new intellectual model of nursing practice for many of our contempo rary leaders including Linda Aikcn, PhD.,R.N ., F.A. .N. (sce photo, pagc 8) . S mith's ideas were bold and extraordinary for the time. It is only recently that influencc of her ideas on contemporary nursing has been acknowledged. I have pre sented papers drawn from this stu dy at international meetings and published them in Medical Hu mal1ilies Review, and The J'v/assa chusetls Law Journal.
MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION TO THE CENTER FOR T HE STUDY OF T HE H1STORY OF NURSING ; please enroll me in the following group:
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_ __ Friends of the Center (Up to $49)
_ __Ccnter Contributor ($50 to 99)
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_ _ _ Lilli an Wald Society ($250 to $499)
_ __Alice Fisher Society ($500 and Up)
_ _ _Please send me more information about named gift o pportu llit ies.
_ _ _Please send mc morc information ab ut making a bequest to the Center.
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Please make your check payable to thc T rustees of the U niver ity of Pennsy lvania. M ail your ta x-deductible contribution to the Center for T he Study of The H isto ry of N ursing, University of Pennsylvania, School of N ursing. 307 Nursing Education B uild ing, Phil adel phia, PA 19104-6096.
II
CALENDAR
_ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _~on c~~ linue dfrom back page
CURRENTAND UPCOMING EVENTS American Association for the History of Nursjng Sixteenth Annual Conference October 1-3, I 99, Newton, Massachu setts. The American Associ ation for the History of urs ing and the Bo 'ton Col lege School of Nursing recently co-spon sored thi annual conference prov iding a forum for sharing historical r search on nursing, Mary E. P. Davis was the key notc speaker of the conference, which included many presentations and oppor tunities for learning and sharing histori cal interests. Nex t yenr, the Seventeenth Annual Conference will b held in Villanova, Pennsylvania from September 22-24. 2000. M re info rmation is found on the wonderful AAHN web, ite: http:// aahn ,org. Mid-Atlantic Regional Archives Confer ence FaU Meeting, November 11-1 3, 1999 Wyndham Wind Watch Hotel & Hamlet Golf Club, Hauppauge, Long Is land , NY . Them : "Bucks, Bytes. and Basics". The program will include a variety of speak ers and features workshops dealing with such topics as strategie s and sources for fu nding archives , writi ng a success ful grant proposal, and records management for archivists. Tours of Long I 'land Wi ne Country, Hi storic Cold Spring Har bor, and the Vandcrbil t Museum Man sion,Park, and Planetari um will be of fered. More information can be fo und on the Website: hnp://www.itd.umd .edu/ MARAC/marac-hp.htm Department ofHistory and 'ociologyof Science, University orPennsylvania Fall 1999 Workshops October 25 : Amy Slalon , Department of History and Politic. Drexel Un iversity. Ma terials Standards fo r Industry and th e Problem of ScientifiC Fixity
November 1. Leigh Schmidt, Depar tment of Religion Princeton University. Hear ing Thing s: Ventriloquism, Religion and the Enlightenment
Saturday November 13, [0 AM, Joint Penn/Princeton Works hop: Katherine Park History of Science Women 's Slud ies Harvard University. Country Medi cine in the Cit)' Marketplace: Snake
Handlers and Itinerant Healers in Re naissance Italy
Wednesday November 17. Joint Collo quium with Penn Physics DepaItment: Paul Rose, Department of Hi story P nn State Univer ity. Heisenberg and the Nazi A tomic Bomb Plan: Problems of Scienl/jic Biography . Science, and C ul ture
November 29, Steve Feierman. History and Sociology of Sciencc Univers ity of Pennsylvania. Traditional Healing and
The C nter for Nursing Hislorica l Inquiry 's seventh annual Agnes Dillon Ra ndolph Award/Lecture will take place on March 25, 2000 aI 4:30PM. Karen Bu hler-Wilk rson is this year\ recipient and will be presenUng a lecture : No Place Like Home , Caring for the ick ,
1880-1965. The fo rums and Agnes Dillon Randolph A ward/Lecture will be he ld at the Uni versity of Virginia School of ursi ng 's McLeod Hall in Charlottesville, Virginia,
th e Hidden Public Sphere in Africa
December 6: All an Young , Department of Social Studies of Medicine McGi ll Universit . The Man Who Was NOI There : The Birth ofPost-Traumatic Stress D isorder and the Factitiou P r petra tor
All works hops are held in Log,m Hall, Room 392, Mondays at 4:00 PM (coffee 3:45), unless otherw ise noted. For more in fo rmati on please contact Ms. Pat Johnson at 2 15-898-8400.
American Association for the Hi tory of Medicine 73rd Annual Meeting, May 18-21 , 2000, Bethesda, Maryland , For more information, contact conference organi zer, Elizabeth Fee. PhD, History of Medicine Divis ion. National Library of Medicine, 8600 Rockville Pike, Be thesda, MD 20894, 30 1-496-5405, elizabeth_fee@nes.nlm.ni h.gov. Web acldre s is http://www.hi stmed.o rg.
The Center fo r Nursing Historical In quiry University orVirginia School of Nnrsing September 22, Arlene Keeling, PllD, RN, Universi ty of Virginia. Frolll Handmaidens to Nurse/Physician Col leagues : The Rise of Nurse Clinicians il1 Coronary Care
October 20. Patricia Connor, RN , MSN, Uni versity of Virgi nia. "Angels of Me rcy": World War II Navy N urses Serv ing on Hospital Ships, 1943 -45
November 17, Tami Wyatt, R ,MSN University of Virgin ia. Silent N urses and
Col lege of Physicians of Philadelphia Current Ex hi bit ion: Emerging Infectiou ' Diseases: Ancient Scourge and Modem M nace October 5, The Seclion on Medical His tory: Charles Rosenberg. PhD, Hi tory and Sociology of Science , University of Pennsylv ania. The Tyranny oj Diagnosis November 9, The Section on Medica l History. College of Phys icians of Phila del phia, the Phi ladelphia College of Os teopathi c Medicine, and the Uni ver 'ity of Med icine and Dentistry of New Jersey Medicine and Nineteenlh Century Medi cine announec a Le ture in honor of the Centennial Celebration of the Philadel phi a College of Osteopathic Medicine: Norman GeviLZ, PhD, Pro res or and Chair Departm 'nt of S cial Medicine, College of Osteopathic Med:icine, Ob io Uni ver ity will speak on The Osteo pathic War to E lller the Military Medi cal Corps. 19 16-1966. November 17, The Sonia Stupniker Isard Lecture, co-sponsored with the Section on Arts-Medicine: Paul Rodenh a I er. MD. Professor of Psychiatry. D irector. Medical Student Educati n for P ·ychi a. try . and Assistant De:Ul for A ademic and Coun 'e ling Services, Tulane Univer sity School of Medicine. Students Against Right Brain A /mphy: Inclusion of the Arts at Tulane University Schoo! of Medicine
FebruaJ)' 20, The Sect ion on Medical H istory Annual Radbi ll Lecture: Jeffrey Baker. MD, PhD The H i. (ory ofDiphthe na
Contraception in Twentieth Century America continued Oil back page
CALENDAR
COlllinlied /i'0/11 page II ----
March 23, The Mary Scon Newbo ld Lec ture: Neal Nathanson. MD. Nat ional ln stitutcs of Health. Officc o f AJDS Re search. AIDS: Its Emergence , the Global Epidemic. and Possibilit ie . for Eventual Control
The New York Academy of Medicine Public Lectures
Apri l 4, COllege Lecture: Jame. M. Hughcs. MD, FACP. Director. National Cent r for Infec tious Diseases, Centers for Di ease Control, will discuss the nation 's efforts to c mbat infcctious dis ease, incl uding the rol of the Centers for Di. ease Contro l
November 17. Ruth Schwartz Cowan , PhD, State Uni ersity of New York at Stony Bro k. The Thalassemia Pre ven tion Program in Cyprus: Bioethical Complexities of Eugenics
April LI, Th Section on Medical History in conj unction with the Ame rican Soc i ety ofInternal Medicine will hold two ses i ns on Phi lade lphia Med icine and Medicine in the 19lh CentllrY. Ap ril 26, Th Thomas Denl Mi.itter Lec tu re : Dr. Brian Owen-Smilh, President, Hunt rian Society. Benjamin Franklin and William He wson and the Bones May 9, The Section on M dical Hi to ry: John Mather, MD, will sp ak on the medical history of Sir Win ' ton Church ill . May 10, The Mildred C. J. Pfeiffe r Lec ture: Ed mund D. Pe llegrino , MD. MACP, John Carroll Professor of Medicine and Medical Ethic, Center fo r Clinical Bioet hic ,Georgetown Universi ty Medical Center, wi ll di sclI ss genes and risks Lectures held at 6: 15 in the Thompson Room , fi rst floor; College of Physicians of Phil adelphia; 19 S. 22nd Street; Ph ila delphia PA
CenterJor The StudyoI The I-li (ory oj N ur ing UNrvLRSm' OFPI:J I\!>YLVANIA
Nl1RSlr'<G 307NURSIMJ ED C,\'Tl01\ BULLDIN(,
SC.l100L OJ
PllILADELPHJA.PA
19104-6096
October 12, RogcrPa netla, PhD, Marymount Colleg . Inventing lhe Crimi nal Body: Internment at Sing Sing in the 19th Century
December 7, Sp cial Lecture sponso red by the Friends of Ule Ra re Book Room: Steven Greenberg, MSLS. PhD, N ational Library of Medicine . Plague, the Print ing Press. and Public Health in London. 16U3- /665 Jan uary II, The John K. Latt imer Lec ture: Alan Brandt, PhD, Harvard Un iver ·ity . The Cigarette Century: Risk, D is ease , and American ClILture February 7, Burroughs Wcllcome Retro spective n Medical Sc i nee in the 20th Centu ry : Elizabe th Fee PhD. National Library of Medicine. The Rise and Fall of Public Health ill the 20th Century March 13, Burroughs Wellcome Retro spective on Medical Science in the 20th Century : loel Howell , MD, PhD, Univer sity of Michigan. Medicine alld Ma chines: The Changing World of 20tll Century Medical Practice April I I, Burrough Wellcome RetJO spective on Med ical Science in the 20th Century: Kei th Wailoo, PhD, University f North Carolina at Chapel Hi!!. The Body in Paris: Disease and the Biomedi cal Sciences i ~hf!.} Oth Century
May 2000. The First Annual Liliana Sauter Lecture: T hom as H. Murray, PhD, The Hastings Center. T itle to be an no unced. Unle ot'herwise noted, these lectures are organized by tbe Academy's Section 0 11 Hi ·torica] Med icine and will be held at 6:00, wi th refreshments served at 5 :30 The Academy is located at 1216 FifUl A venue. at the corner of I 03rd Street. For furthe r information on historical ac ti vities at the Academy, please contact the Office of the Associate Li brarian for Historical Collections and Programs: 212 822-7314 or history@nyam.org.
FELLOWSHIPS (U ntil/lied f rom page -I
tentia l appl icants for ither fellow sh ip are advised to vi it the Academy we bsi t to further acquaint lhemselves with the Acad my and il library. When usi n a lhe onli ne catalog of the Academy Li brar . please be aware lha! entries for a considerable portion of lhe collections have not yet been converted to elec tron ic form. Requests for application form (for those unable to access lhe forms through the w b) or for fu rther informa tion should be addressed to: Office o f the Assoc iate Librarian for Hisl rical Collections and Programs, New York Al,;ademy of Medicine 1216 Fifth Aven ue NewYork,NYI0Q29 Email: history@nyam.org Tel: 2 12-822-73 14. NOIlprofitOrgilll. U.S. Postage PAID
PemlirNo.2563
Phiiadelphia,PA