Chronicle Fall 2003 by PennNursing

Fall 2003 Vol. 17

ISSN 1049-2259

A TRIBUTE TO BARBARA BATES, M.D. MAY

By N

EVI LLE

5, 1928 - DECEMBER 18, 2002

STR MPF ,

PHD, FAAN

On December 18, 2002, Dr. Barbara Bates d ied of Alzheim ~ r' s di , ease, and wi th her pn:ising the Center for !be Study of the Hi tory of Nursing lost a generous benefactor, a superb scholar and mentor, and a true fri end . From the broad commu ni ty o f medici ne, nurs ing, and hi sto ry, hun dreds of letters came to the Center or to Barbara' s friend of more than 30 years, Joan Lynaugh . On February 2, 2003 , people from around the I.:ountry, fam ily, longtime rriends (one of more lhan 50 years). fonn er students, and colleagues gal h red at the College o f Phy icians in P hiladelphia to celebrate her Iife. The p{)ntaneou tributes illustrated with wi t insigh t, and poignancy th e life of a talented and independe nt woman who was also brill iant, cbarming, funn y, and compassionate. Barbara was bam in Aubu rn , New York, was an bonor stude nt at the Hathaway Bro wn School i.n Cleveland, Oh io, and wen t to Smith College, where she graduated Phi Beta Ka ppa in 1949. She deBarbara Bates working on her /ilms c ided to pursue a career in medi ine, attend ing Com II U niversity Medica l College, whe r she rema in d for an addi tional five years as resident physician and lect urer. Later, at the Uni vers it... of Kent ucky , Barbara became very interested in interdisc ip lina ry practice and education and began to investigate and to wri te about pro bl ms in de livering health care and teaching COIn prehensivc me(Jj cinc.

Center for The Study of The History of Nursing UNIVER ITY OF PEN SY1.VA ' IA

SCHOOL OF NURSING

Barbara was nex t recruj[cd to the Universil or Rochester and wh ile there gain d national and international rec()gnition a - an o ut standing Profes 'or o f Medi cine and om activist in interdi sciplinary hea lth care . She was an instrum ental pl aye r in the conception of the nurse practjtioner role and from th is wo rk grew her well known book , A Guide to Physical Examination and History Tak ing. which was fi rst pu bli 5hed in 1974. Barbara oversa w 7 editions of the book, which was eventu ally transl ated into 1 1 languages; it became , and still is, the leading text in it field. At the 4th Ann ual Hannah Happeni ng in 1(92 at Q ueens University in K ings ton, Ontario , Barbara described for an aud ience o f medica l students tile les sons learned from writing the book. She reveals Lhe proble ms with gende r-free

Ne vi!le E. Strump/' PhD, RN. C. FAAN is the Edith Clemmer Ste illbright Professo r in G eronto!ogy, and Director of the Center/or GerO rt lo !og i~' N ursillf1, Science at th e Un iversity oj" Pellnsylvania Schoo! of N urs ing, (continued on pag e 8)

CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF THE

TORY OF

NURSING The Centcrtill' The Stu uy of Tbe His tory of Nurs ing was establ ishcd in I'lRS to enco urage and facili tate hi storical sc holar ship on hca lth care h isto ry and nu rs ing in th e Umted State s. No w in its se venteenth year of e xi sten.:c, the Ce nter co ntin ues to creat e and maintai n a r source for slIch research; to ill1prove the quality an d ,~co pe of historical sl'holar~ hi p on nurs ing: and to di sseminate ne w kno\ leuge on nursing his t ry throu gh cd ucat i' n, contcrem:es, publ i cations, and inter-di sc iplinary collaboration,

NEWS FROM TIIE

CENTER

The Procession is On This May. 2004, the Center will ollce again honor two il lustrious nurses Alicc Fi he r and Lillian Clayton, buried at The Woodlands by lay ing llowers on lhe ir graves in the west Philadelphia c metery. We will e then be treated to a lecture and high tea We ar foll owi ng in the footsteps of ge ne rations of cl asses of the PhiJadelphia General Hospital Trai ni ng School for Nurses, fo remooer or the PGH School of Nurs ing. Stepha nie Stachniewicz, a great proponen t of' the walk," was Director of ur ing at the time that PHG closed (1 977 ) and is a chaTter member of the Ad isory Board of the Center.

Current projecb at the C ntcr nlngc from s tudi es or international nursin g. hom e based nursin o • and research on care o f the critically ill to the twe ntieth-cc ntury rela tionship hetwe n nurs ing and American philanthropy. We also co nti nue to co ll ect, process, and catalogue an o utstandin g co l lectio n of pr im ary hi storical mate rial;; . Fee l free to visit the Center Monday through Friday, 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Sc hola rs planni ng tll conduct research at the Center should contact the Ce nte r's curator at 2 15-/!98-4502. Our curato r wil l r~ s p on d wit h a descriptio n o f the scope an d cont ent ll f relev ant materials in the various collec tions .

Stephanie StachnielVicz (lejO/oliows William Watson to th e Procession af fh e Woodlands

Center Advisory Board W illiam H. He lfanJ, Chair M. Louise Fitzpatrick. Vice C hai r Lilli an S holtis B runner R utb Schw artz C o wan Il an nah Hende rson Jeanne Kiefner Ann P. Kn ight Nad ine Landis Joseph W. L ipp incott, III M ark haz ie r Llo yd C harles E. Rosen berg Stephani e A. Stach ni ewi ez A nn Pe rcy St ro ud

Center Staff Karen B uh ler-W ilk erson . PhD, FAAN D irect or lien D. Baer, PhD. F AN Ass ociate Director Joan C. Ly naugh. PhD . FAA N ssociate Director G, il E. Farr. MA, ' A C ura tor

Betsy Weiss Coordin ato r

Editor R ita B eatty Vo luntee r

c.I987. CSHN.

A photograph of the Center's pro ce , ion of 1992 appears in the new b k Images oI Americu . Philadelphia Graveyards and Cemeterie.\ , by Tho mas H. Kee ls, published by Arcadia Press. It depict nurses and students. some in costume, gath red arowld the grav es of Alice Fi~ her and Lillian Clayton. The book nlso include a re production fr m an image in the Cenler's PGl-I holdings h wing Ull! 1930 fu neral proccss ion for Lillian Clayton : nurses form a line along the path from the Woodlands all the way back to the University of Pennsy lvania campus in Ule di lance. Thi. fasci.nat ing hook is dense wilh information about the diverse peoples of Philadel phi~1 and the spaces they created for burial of thei r dead.

Joseph W. Lippincott m, New Advisory

Board Member

Joseph W. Lippincott President and CEO of Lip pin ott Williams & Wi lkins, ho lds a Bac helor of ArLs degree from the University of Pennsylvania and a Masters deg ree from the S.1. Newhouse School of Publ ic Comm un ications at Syracuse Univer sity. Mr. Lippin It has more than 27 years of profes~ional experience health and sc i ence pu blishi ng. He began his profess ional career in 1975 at J.B . Lippincott Company in Philadelphia and he ld positions in editorial , production, di lribuli n, finance, mar keting, anda le~, includin ver a decade in j lIrnal publish ing . As Vice President and Director of Journals, he was respon. ible for the company 's enli re journal publish ing program which included more than seventy titles. among them the official publica tions of leading professio nal medical and nursing so ieties, such as the American Jou rnal or Nursi ng, the American Cmcer S ciet ,the A . ociation of Women'. Healtb, and the American Soc iety of Anesthe 'io logists. Joseph (.lay) is also a great great !!Tandson of Joseph Wharton , who founded the Wharton S h )1 of the Univer ity f Pennsy lvania and Swarth more College. We feel a ~'Te' t sen e of intercOTmectiveness with our interests and his. The Center is pleased and honored to have him on our board. (c ontinued on page 7)

THEFABRIC

WORKSHOP

RN: The Past, Present and Future of

Nurses' Uniforms MARK DION AND J. MORGAN PUETT E XHIBITION DATES: OCTOBER

F EBR ARY

14, 2004.

THE FABR1C WORKSHOP AND MUSEUM, PHILADELPH[A 1s it time 10 bri ng back the nu rsing uni fo rm ? Recently. the topic of the Nursing lmi form has captuJed the inte rest of both the nursi.ng profession and the pubjjc . The complexities o f nursing unifom1s were rev iewed in an art icle in the New Yorker Magazine (Marc h I ~ , 2002) ,md mo re recen tly by Pau l Fusse ll in his latest book. Un i/orllls: Why We Are What We We ar (2002 ). Across the country people are asking. "What do you think of nursing uniforms?". result足 ing in extensi ve debate by members of nursing chat groups and r ade rs of profe ssi onal journals. T he Fabric Works hop und M useum of Philadelphia in assO ' iali n w ith the Center fo r th Study of the History of Nursing invites all to examine this questi on in the exhibition, RN: The Past. Present and Future of Nurses' Uni足 furms. By combi ni ng the unique expertise of the Workshop and tbe Center, the re.'u lti ng exhibit, lecture serie and fas hion presentation will prov ide n compd 足 li ng look into the often sub tle ways in which the unifo rm , by de ign, inform ' notions of identity aJl d a hierarc hical order withi n the fi e ld and society as (l whole.

Helen S<.: otl Hay ,h.! 86Y -d .1432. This prim is pari ()j {h e Nursing Hewage Series fJ ublished by.lohmon & Jo hnson in lY41 and Is/earu red u l Ihe Fabric Wo rkshop und MuseulIl exhibit .

The openi ng reception was held on October 3, 2003 and RN will conti.nue through February 14 , 2004. Check our website ro r exci ting event' thro ug houl lhe ex hi bit. The Fabric Workshop and Museum is located on the 5'h and 6111 tl oors of 13 /5 Cherry Street in Philadelphi a: telephone 21 5-568- I II I . Parking i . avai labl at several loca足 tions on Broad Street just nortJl of City Ha ll.

THE EXHIBIT AND CATALOGUE This exh ibi t is the culmi nating event of artists Mark Dion IS and 1. Morgan Puett 's research on nu r ing uniforms . Puett ha:s teamed with Dion to m ine the now defunct Marvin Neitzel Nursing Uniform Company in T roy . ew York, to study the changing nature of the nursing uniform as it has developed over tbe course of the past 150 years, Through a peri od of researcb rhat has included focus groups organized by the Cenler for the Sludy of the History of Nurs ing at the Univc l'sity of Pennsylvania, visits to various medical libraries and historical co llectio ns, and development of their own uniform designs, the Puett and Dion exhibit will present a rerre hing exam inalion of the development o f the uni fornl f!"Om its inception to iL~ decline, and speculate QI1 its future. TIle exhibition will be presented in three parts: past, present and ('tlllire . The past, on view in the 5 th noor gallery. will consist of selections of historical nursing unifom1s, access ries, and photngraphic and texLual documentation, borrowed from the aJchives of Marvin N itzel, The Center for the Study of the History of Nursing, Sch 01 of Nursing, ni ver ity fPenn, ylvania, Pennsy lvania Hospital, the Ars Med ica Co llection. nnd Catholic nursing organizations as weI! as indiv idual. The pre ent. on view in the6'h11oor gallery, will recreate the factory floor of Marv in Neitzel Uni foml Company. The machinery and equipment from the factory will be installed in [he gall ry and used to manufacture the " ideal ' nursi ng unifoml as env isioned and designed by Puett and Dion. Before moving ahead in time, a m dia room wil l feature images of nurses as ponrayed by vaJious media throughout modem ltistory. Visitor can view video clip of various Ho llywood movie::;, TV. and video, as well as paperback romance nove l ,newspaper cl ippi ngs, and more. Through thi::; med ia presentation , the artists hope to show h w certain stereotypes of nll rses were perpetuateu by media. Afkr leaving these. tereotypes behind , visitors can gl impse the future , nd see the artists ' des ign of the cvo luti n of the nu rsing unifo rm . Based pc 11 1y on science fict ion, imagination, and new technologies. Puett and Dion have created a distant future where the changing world and the nurses ' role within it woul d demand an evolving uniform. " Bio-Terror Nurse" or "Diagnostic Nurse" are two (cont in ued or/p age 7)

CHLOE CUDSWORTH LTITLEFIELD

By PATRICIA D' ANTONIO, RN, PHD Nurses have alway' recogni zed the work o f its hi torica l innovator, pio ne rs, v isionaries, and distingui shed leader. . The profession has also cel ebrated the contributions of its cl inical practitioners, although, since many of thei r names and to ries have been lost over the time, as a gro up rather than as individuals. Th diaries. training ~chool lecture no tes, and many of the lett rs f Chloe Cuds worth Litt lefi eld, an 188 3 grad uate of the W ma n's Hospital of Philadelphia Nur es ' T rai ning Schoo l, allow us to docu ment the per onal ity and the practice f one heretofore un known practit ioner. An ,they challenge some of om a umptio ns about thc work of our historical predeces ·ors. Miss Littlefield stren uo usly objec ted to anyone - patien t, physic ian, or coII ag ue - address ing her by he r fir I name. As :;he wrote to he r sister of one particularly impertinent private patient, "she has no right & 1 shall not allow it." W , there fore, will continue to respect Miss Littlefield 's prefe rence. in o ur re view of her life and her work. Ch loe Cudsworth Little field was born in 1850 in the smal l. upstate New York town of Troy. Her interest in nursing was sparked by a physician who had train d at the Woman ' s Hospita l ofPh iladelph ia, onc o f the fe insti tu tions in the United tates d d icated to the educatio n of female physicians . and was, in 186 1, the site of one of the fi rst training school. for nurses. M i. s L ittlefie ld arri ved in Ph ilade lphia in 1881 to trai n in a fai rly extensive and well grounded two-year nursing p rogram at the Woman ' s Hosp ital that a lso prom ised a 10 month rotation at the Penn 'yl vania Hospi tal, 6 m nths in pri v'lte duty, and n month on the in ane wards of the No rri town Asylum in nearby Norri, tow n, Penn ·y lvania. When finally awarded her nu rsing di ploma in 1883, Miss L itt lefi eld wrote her sister, "I know I have a better means o f support tha n at one time I was like ly ever to have .. .." M is Littl fi e ld brien y 'onsidercd an opportunity to nurse in

dens, r visited the then exciting ne w deparlment store that had recently opened in do wnl wn Phi ladelph ia. We also believe that 19 'h c ntury pupi l nurses ' had litt le recourse but t accept the rigid and hie rarchical structure f their trai ning sc hoo l experiences. But Miss Lilt lefie ld IS pap rs ug gc. t that in Olll' earch for more or ganized fo rms of resi ' tance, we may have verlo ked the power and the efficacy of pupi l nurses' individ ual se lf-assertion. Miss Littlefield, fo rc xample, refused night duty if o;he fe lt too tired: and she threatened r signation and , one might presume, to mo ve on to another training school if the edu cational offerings advertised by the Wo man's Hos pital failed to materi

alize.

Chloe C lidsworth Lillie/ie/d , on her grac/llationji"om the Woman' s Hospital Tra ining School, i 883 . Photo.' Chloe Cuddsworth Lillletie /d Col/ection . CSHN.

Ch ina hecause of its prom ise of " ' tead employment.'· Ultimate ly, she decid d to remain close to her family and returned to Troy, New York, after graduation. Miss Litt lefie ld ultimately settled in Springfield, Mal sachusctts, in l 887 to be wit h her wid wed , ister, Ellen, and her niece, Marion. Miss L ittlefield's papers, however, do more than docu ment a li fe . They also pro vide a deeply layered perspeclive on 19'h century nur ing training and private duty pra 'tice that challenges 'ome Jearly held historical assu mptions. I We believe, for example. that pup il nurses' bartered two or three years of ard uous work for the ir diplomas . Mi~~ Little field certainly worked hard (and ~ h e particularly dis liked the cI mand s of nighl du ty), but she, a~ often, had times of real pleasure as she and oth r nu r es s wed or trim med hats with their pa tients, walked with them to sUITound ing parks and gar

We a lso b lieve in tile loneliness of nineteenth century private duty practice. But unless a patient seemed critica lly ill , Miss Littletield visited her ow n friends and family almost each d,IY of a private duty assignment. And the fac t that Mi s Littlefie ld frequently visi t d pa tients to inqu ire about their health after her private duty assign ments had ended suggc LS cont inuity in 19,h century nur 'ing care that we have not et imagined. M is' Littlcfi Id practi d wilh in a w rid o f mutual family connec tions, obl igations, support, and plea ,ures that characterized the life and the w rk of one 19,h century private dUly nur e." I F r the best descripti on of late 19'h cen tu ry private dllty nursing practice, se Susan Reverby ' s Ordered to C are : Th e Dilemma a/American Nur 'ing, 1860 1945 (New York. andCanbridge: Cam bridge Universit Pres., 1987). 2 Ch loe Cudswort h Littlefield' papers are in the Center for the St udy of History of Nursing at the University of Pennsyl va nia.

Please see next page jor time lin e of M iss Chloe Lill /erie /d' ;)' days a t Nursing School and al1 amusing excerpt/rom her notebook .

1881

I In Chloe arri ves at Woman' s Hos pital with Eliz.ahe th MeKes hnie.

1882

in rubb ing ro m 1/2- 1/23 Annie Taylor (at hosp ital) 1/24-2/21 Surgical and medi cal wards alternately, 2/24 with Babic, 2/28 Miss Rhoads nurse (at hospi tal) 3/ 11

ursery, 3/2 1 surgica l then to ni ght duty 4/ 2, and/o r 4/3-4/4

4/1 1 di et kitc hen , 5/ 1 Medi cal ward, 5/1 7 her fir-! baby , 5/23 a miscarriage J W1C

ofte n with private pati ents (at hospital)

7/2 3rd floor alone 7/3 Mrs. Hay neh nu rse (at ho ' pital) 7/8 Ma t rnity, 7/17-24 Vacation. 7/25 nursery 7/3 1-8/7 private nu rsi ng Waites case (in Wes t Philade lphia)

R/R nursery, 8/ 10 diet kilchc:n , 8/22 rubbing room 8/28 attend .. operation & contin ue s wi lll pa tient Dyer (at hospital) 9/3 - IliI S private nursing Mr. Johns case (on 2002 Green SI. Ph iladelp hia) 12/1 8 rubbin g roo m & nu rsery , 12/2 0 rubbi nb room, 12/21 ni ght du ty 12/24 d iet kitchen , 12/ 15-6 nursery . 12/28 night duty in Maternity I.)

1883

1/2 Ma te rnity ,

114 clinic building opens

1/5 - 1/9 bac k to private nursing for Alice 1/10- 1/1 5 took Hancocks place (Mate rnit y'l) then S urgic,tI . Medical. 2/11 Move to new clinic building, 2/12 attends confineme nt 3rd noor 2/ 1S -3/5 priv, te nursing Graham case (confin menl) 3/7-8 di t kitchen & 3rd fl oor maternit y, 3/B practice filing inlo clinic hall 3/14 graduation. Miss Rouse graduated by proxy through me., 3/3 0 Surgical. 4/1 new li mits to h aU' day off every otllc r Sunday

4/3 seems to be on night dUly

Wed. Oct l Oth, 1898 Clarance Dutcher, two yrs. Old eats the head from 16 match . His mother gi ves him an emetic ofthourougwort & tangy, 20 mill afterward. Sh 'aid as he vomited smoke from his mouth & it smelt strong of brimstone. We vomited him more later & the smell of sul pher was still pTesen l though less strong. Then [ gave 14 glass of milk. Dr. Packer came 3 or 4 hI'S later & ord red a dessertspoonful of lim water eve lu-. ti l he had taken 4 does & a teaspful of a mixture ot turpentine & ma l1 nesia in Y2 hr. in the mean time. after which they need not waken him to take it. He could not tell under 24hr·. whether it would prove fatal or not, if it did it would be hommorhage from stomache, kidnies, or bowls. and they could tell for he would be in great dis tress . During the 24hrs . he should fast, tak in" but a small quantity of milk occa si onally, & perhap' a little bread in the m mingoAnd if he came out of it it would be due to the omi ting. In the morni ng he awakened ing ing, and ate 3 slices of bread & wanted pota toes. Mrs. Dut her had read of a ch ild dying a year bct'oTe C' ring the heads from 8 matche~ or . he would not been alanned. Mr~ . Blackford knew a chi ld losing its li fe by eating h ad rrom malch.

5/3 call te) ca~e und recalled 5/4-6!30 pri vate nu rsing Scrri ll c a~e (in Darby) 7/1 diet kitchen, 7/3 night du ty Medic<ll & Surgical 7/1 5 resigns, resc inds re signation . confinement , 7/ 17 Surgical 7/ 18 from M aternity to private nurs ing Sheve case (in Trenton) ti ll Aug 30

9/J then back to Matern it y 9/9-9/12 Trenton 9/1 4 Rub, 9/1 5-Y/21 vaca ti on in Chris tiana, 9/22 med ical floo r Y/24 rub room & diet kitchen 9/25- 10/6 3rd 1100r, 9/28 farewell party for Mjs' Fletcher, 10/6 3rd finor

11 /

blind pati ent (in ho 'pital)- note Lhis is last day of her con tract hy date

11/4- 11/9 care of her own leg, J 1/17 ru bbin g room , 11 /7 exams, 11 /2 1 vis its the ncl in asy lum at 1884

orri to\

, Before receiv ing he r dip loma she returns to New York

1/1 diploma is 'Scnt

Compiled by Elizabeth Pettus Losa. Must OFlhi,I' in fo rrnatiun is extra ctedji'om Chloe', dim·in. some from leiters. Boxed item. are lime on individual case I', Dou hle I)()xed are eases ill patients' hOllies ,

The Center has been acquiring the Chloe Cudswonh Littletield papers for tbe p' r few years. Th collec tion con tain.., her class notebook. and a fair copy of comp] ted note (written out n ally to be graded). It also con tains I tters from her first years of nursing, her diaries from 18 ~ 2 - l88 7 ,(w ith morecoming),and photographs o f her classmates. This wealth of malerial has been given to us by Elizabeth Pettus LosR, J aughlcr of EliLabetb Jennings Pettus, great niece of Chl oe, and original "keeper" of her pa pers. Ms. Losa has also given us tran scriptions of the material , including some who c originals rest in olher archives .

DONORS TO

THE

CENTER FOR

JANUARY

1, 2002

Alumnae Assoc iation ll f Mercy Douglass Ho' pita l School of Nurs ing Alu mni As 'ociation of Al b n Einstein Medical Center School of Nurs ing Alumni Association of thc Hospital of th Uni vcr~i lY of Pennsylvania School of Nurs ing Alumn i Associ ation of the Tra ining School for urse' Phi ladelphi a General Hospital Linda H. Aiken American Academy of Nurse Practi tioners E lle n Dav idson Baer M r. and Mrs . J. Mark Baiada NiraBartal Barbara Bates Jeanne Qu int Beno lie l Eve lyn Rose Benson Kathleen W Is h Beveridge Nett ie Bi m ba h Ruth M. Bleak ley Dolores T. Bonsa ll Geertje Boschma anc N. B er

Ann Marie Walsh Brennan

Carol A. Brink

Barbara Brad i

Frances Brouse

Li11 ian Sho Itis Brun ner

usan BrunoIi-Sti ller

Karen Buhler-Wilke r. on

Caroline Camunas

Barbara Chamberlai n

Alice Lee Chun

P m la F. Cipriano

LydiaE. Clark

Bery I Boardman Cleary

Linda M. CI ugherty

Joyce C. C lI ing

Cynthia Conno lly

Sign Cooper

Valerie T . Caller

Grace K. Coulson

Patricia D'A nt ni n

Anne J. Da is

Eleanor L. Davi

Katherine L.Dawley

Dorot hy J. De lBueno

Laurie Allan Downing

Fl renee Dow ns

Patricia Duick

Helen Edward

Jonatha n rlen

THE

THE I-lIsTORY OF NURSING

D ECEMBER 31, 2003

STUDY OF

THROUGH

Jenni fer Esch na uer-Trave rs 1ulie Sc hauer Fairman Jane A. Farre ll-Beck Janet L. F icke issen Marcia Miklo. Finisdo re M. Loui e Fitzpatrick M' ri lyn E. Flood Loretta C. Ford Catherine Frcc man PalmerH . Futcher Barbara Gaines GaleGarn r E.JeanGa rl ing Floren e R. Gartland Janel Golden Eleanora Cunningham Gordon Suzanne Gordon Ema Goulding Margaret Grey Hugh and Mary Cl ar Hamlin isabe lla Hamson Patricia A. Heffner Wil li amH. He lfand Carol S . He lmstadte r Hann ill L. Hende rson Robe rt and Ann Hoekelman Lynn Houweling Elaine C. Hubbard ElizabethS. lrwi n Mary E. Irwin Jacqueli ne Jerrehian Jacqueline L. Kahn Dorothy G. Kap n lein Elizabeth A. Katona Arlene Keeling AJda E . Kerscllllcr Jeann Kicfne r Nonna Peden Ki ll brew Barbara I. K line Ann P. Knight Jan Eleanor Knox ad ine La ndis Jan Lee Doroth y Tlarve Leona rd Charles Letocha Hel n B. KerritzLevy Sandra Lewemon Ed ith P. Lewis Mary Ann Lewis Martha Libster Constance Litw iller Ruth Wat n Lubil: Barbara Ann Lund loan E. Lynaugh Diane J. Mancino

Barbara Mason E. Ann Matter Margaret McClure Mathy Mez y Ann C. Motte Mary Ali ce Musser William Nace lanneke Nei lson Elizab th M. Norman Ver niea . O 'Day Donna Genti le O'Donne ll Ruth Ouimell Maral Palanjian Jul ia B. Paparella Jo hn L. Para candola Steven J. Pe itzm an Shannon E. Perry Annette Marie Pettineo Dorothy Phillips Robert V . Piemonte Adele W . Pike J~tn e Benson Pond Sara Ran all Laura Randar Joan Randolph Susan Reverby Natalie N. Riegler Lynn Rinke Sy lvia Rinker Margarel Annstrang Robb Doris Roberts Clara E. S. Roe Charles E. Rosenberg Amy Loui e Ruesch Sheila Ryan D horah Samp on LUi: i lie Savacool Al i e Savnstio Denise Scala Carla Sch i sel Norma Rohrbo ugh Shuc Mary Jan E. Si kerl Grace SIOllerback Suzanne C. Smeltzer Nancy T. Snyder There a R. Snyder Christine H. Spagna Dan Spilko Annette C. Squire Stephanie A. Stachniewicz Beverl Peril Stem Miriam tern Lucy E. Stelter Ro 'c mary A. Stcv l1 S Dr. and Mr!). Bayard Storey

Ann Perc y Stroud Mr. and Mrs. Herbert Stm mpf Neville Strumpf M cryn Stua rt Eileen Sullivan-Marx Nancy Tomes Lorrrun Tu lman ni v r: ity of Pen nsylvania Ar ch ive and Records Center Doroth y Urda ancy M. Valentine Mr. and Mrs . D. W. Van Dusen Visiting Nurse Assoc iation of Greater Philadel phia Jean nette Waits Linda Vanderwerf Walsh Rosal yn Watts Em ma Weiglc;y Mary Jes. ica Welfare Jean C. W helan Bill ie Jane Wiest S usan W ilmerd ing Zane M. Wolf A lma Woolley Mary Ann Wuyscik Cam Zeidman

THE FABRIe WORKSHOP (c ontinlled f rom page 3)

exam ples that actually seem no t so un be lievable oiven current world affair'. For example, "Diagnostic urse" wi ll have em bedded in her un if rm equip ment to as ess v ita l signs at the to uch of a hand or embrace. "Bio-Terror Nurse" wilJ be capab l of pe rformi ng du ties despite the event of te rroris t attacks or use of chemical weapons. Puett and Dion will create fi vc urtif rms of the future for us to consider the im portance profes siona l n urses and the ir e er-changing uniforms.

fessio nals. The ca talogue is co-produced by the Fabric Workshop and Museum and th Cente r for the Stud y o f the History of Nur:;i ng and made possi ble through a gen erous gift from the Beatrice Rcnfield Foun dat ion of New York.

T he ac com pan y in g c a ta log u documents the behi nd- th -scenes pro ces of re'careh , design, and produc tion that are vita l to artistic expression. The catalogue will include an historical essay, a pictorial timcline of theunifoml 's evol ution, and ph tographs of nurslng uniforms, ephemera, and arti fact · lIc h as texti les, ac essorie ,and to Is - im ages that are rarely secn by the genera l pub lic . An essay by artis t/cu ra to r Michael O atman, w il l describe ho w "w hite starch nurses,' as well a. today' students, and practicing nu rses, view th e " idea l" n ursing un ifo rm. Lynn Houwe ling, nm. ing doctoral st ude nt, w il l provide an histo rical overview. The catal ogue will be a com panion to the exhi bi ti on and an entertaining, educa tional resou rce for art enth u ia ts, his torians, and nursi ng and medical pro

htmIlart/dion.htm

For more infoml ation about the Fab ric Workshop and the ,utists vlsit their wcbsites: www .fabricworkshop.org www.jmorganpuett.com www .camegieintemational .org

NEWS FROM TI-lE CENTER (cl) nlillued [rom pl.Ige 2)

RESEAR H AND TEACHING NOTE Dr. Ju lie Fai rrnan , senior fellow, Cen ter for the Study of the History of Nurs lng , c urrently working on a history of the nurse practitioner movement in the United State i the rec ipient the 2003 faculty award fro m The Do<.:toral Student Organizat ion (DSO) at the University of Pennsylvan ia. This award was renamed th Barbara Lowery DSO Faculty Award, honoring the Late Dr. Lowery who was in. trume ntal in lhe lives of so many doc tora l student at Penn. The award was (contilllll.:d 011 page 9)

MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION TO THE CE TER FOR TI-IE

UDY OF THE HISTORY OF NURSING

I would tike to make a donation of $,_ _ _ __ ; Plea:;e enroll me in the followi ng group: _Frie nds o f the Center ( Up to $ 50)

_Cente r C ontributor ($50 to $99 ) _

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L illi3Jl WaJd Society ($25 0 to $499 )

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Making a b quest to the Center

BARBARA BATES, M.D.

(col1lil111edji"()/T/ page I)

prose (and te ll s how she fin a lly resolves them); pays tribu te to the inspi ration provided by Peterson's Fie ld Guide to B irds for h r table o f abno rm ali ties; de tai ls the arc ane proble ms associated with cli.n ica l 'igns tha t 11 0 one has ev r seen; illum inates the co mplexities un leashed b sh ifting de fi ni tions, su ch as rale and rhonch us ; and notes the challengc s as soci ated with a quest fo r perfe,cti n , as in pinpointing land mark. like the mid clavicular line. A dec ision in 1975 to join the faculty of an innovati ve School of Medicine at The Universi ty o f Mi 'souri at Kansas City provided th e opportunity to re vi ve a long stand ing interest in the histo ry of medici ne . Barbara compl ted a mas te r' s degree in history at the Univer ity of Kansas in 198 1 and then joined the fac ulty of the Uni e rsity of Penns Ivania and the Medical College of Pennsyl va nia, W hi le teach ing hund reds of nurse practitione r and medical stude nts a t Penn and MCP, and revisi ng her t xt book, Barbara simu ltan nusly undertook an hi S(Qrical study of patie nts' experi e nces with tu bercu losis. In 1992, she published he r award winning book , Bar gaini ng f r Life, A Socia l H istory o f T u berculosis, l 876-l 938. T hrough the wriLing of hi, tory, Bar bara sa id she learned some of med icine's 1110 t val uable lessons. Indeed her slory of tubercul osis, told in part thro ug h the correspondence of II 19th century Phila delphia phys ic ian, Lawrence F Flic k, ~peak to the ti melessness o f the patient's voice. In compelli ng letter to Flick fro m tuberculous patients and their famil ie " we read ahout the meaning of illn -' S5 and treatme nt. A distraught hus band who does not ant his wife to en rer the sanato rium te ll. the doc to r th<lt "she w iU nly pine a fter her chil dren and die away ." A parent urges R ick " to te ll you r nurses not to bother.... for there is onl y o ne cu re fo r my c hild and that is in heaven." Barbara Bates, the autbor of the definitive text o n pbysical d iagno is, understood lirst and fo remo. t tha t pa tie nts ' voice need to be heard, under stood, and brought into practice.

Barbara's was a fully realized life in her wo rk, in her relationships, in her love of nature and music, and most sig nifi cantly in the legacy left to fu ture gen e rations. Not surp risingly, B rba ra con s idered a careful history to be key and was a n exq uisite intervie wer. T ha t skill no doubt i.n fo rmed he r anal ysis of the frame work and lang uage o f nursing ll nd med ic ine , and thei r collec tive impact on patients. In bringing together Ulose themes, Barbara s ubtlety , yet powerful ly, rad icalized and trans formed the con ver sation abo ut health care. Tn rereading Barbara 's earliest publ i cations, her far reaching v ision is imme d iate ly evident. B y the m id- 1960. she was writi ng abo ut doc to r-n ur. e co m mu nication , team-work, a nd co llaborati ve practi e, and di ' cussing inno vations that would assure better patient care. She challenged med ical authoritarian ism and nursing depende nce , as we ll as di chot mous views of " cure" and "care," noting that the e auto mti c tradi tions caused unnece sary patient suffering. In the place o f est abli hed cu ltural mode ls and m odes of behav ior, she argued fo r changing rolcs and rc lations be tween doc to r and nurse, writi ng in 1967 that the "she r vo lume of possible know ledge permits no othcr cOLi rse and the public w ill n t to lerate ur sparring with each otheT fo r position at its e xpense." Barbara was concerned by the fac t that persistent psychosoci al needs wen t un identi fied and unmet, and worried that t elm logy would overwhelm interper !ionaJ carc . Sh wro te in the Ne w En gf md Journal oj' Medicine in 1970 that the "doctor-nu rse team should be able to identify and meet a wi der spec trum o/' paticnl need ," and in Annals of Internal Medicine in 1971 that tile "central sym bol o f medical practice," the phy. ical examination, might b tter be hared with nurse in o rder to meet the best int res ts of patie nts. Barbara believed tilat the " r ute to a trus ti ng interpersonal re la tionsh ip betw e n provider and patient lies to a greal extent in phy<; ieal assess ment and physical contact." A ' 'he and Joan L ynaugh put it, with shared te h niques and skills. "a nurse and a physi cian together should be able to provide better care, or more care, or both." Barbara was ulken from u much too soon, but her immen e spi rit endures. She would most want LIS t remember her fo r the thing. 'he to d for: Be excellent,

be thorough, weigh t:v ide nce , don ' t be mis led, have the c ourage of yo ur convic lion', laugh <.I lot She gave voice t those around hcr, especia lly to pat ients and to st ude nts , All who knew her, or were to uched by her even briefly, w ill forev er hear he r voice, remember he r wise counse l, and be elevated by he r gre a tness .

SUMMER F ELLOWS

ATWORK

Therese Connell Mee han RGN, RNT. PhD Lillian Sho /l is Brullner Summer Fellow 2UU3

In Pursuit of Careful Nursing Over rece nt year. research by Mary Ellen Dona' has bought to notice the work of an Irish-led group of nurses who, alongside F lorence NightingaJ , nursed sick und wounded British sol diers during the Crimean war of 1854 1856. 10 fact , two Irish-led groups, 23 Ilur es in all who were S isters or M rcy, took their y. te m of careful nursing to the war ho pita ls and sun'ounding com munities. 1n doing so. and notwithstand ing cenain prev ai li ng sentiments, they ig nificantly intl uenced Nighlingale and the develo pment of modem nursi ng. Whi le perusaJ of these nurse. ' 'urviving diane and letter gives a good aCGount o f their careful nur ing system, the reader is left to wonder: where did carefu l nursing come fro m ? D ck and Nu tting may have asked themselve, the same que lion for in 1907 they observed that the Sisters of Mc rcy "early attained bril liant prestige it nur. ing" and that they

CENTER SUMMER FELLOWS " must have had hospital trai ning at an earl y date , for they had skilled nurses when the C rimean war broke out. " T his question opens a door on the workl o f human need and emerging nurs ing ser ice in Du bl in in the early 19'h cen tury. [t leads to Catherine McAuley w ho around 179 ' began to train herself as a nu rse and who, over a period of 4 j years and along with o ther e ndeavo rs. nur. ed the sick p or in their homes and in hos p ita l' and b gan to ex pl icate the prin ciples of car h I! nursing . It I ads t the wards of D ublin 's chole ra hospitals dur ing the first great 19'hcent ury epide mic which s truc D ub lin in 1832 and the wo men, S isl rs of Merc y and Iri h Sis ters of Charity, who took responsibility for the nu rsing. For a novice historian, rece ipt of the Lill ianSholtisBrunnerSum m rFe llow ship for 2003 i makillg possible the analysi of two related studics undcr the g uidanc of not d h istorians at thc Un i versity of Pennsylvan ia, chool of Nursing 's Cent r for the Study of the History f Nursing. O ne tud y is de signed to provide a portrai t of Catherine McAuley as a nurse in early 19'h century Dub lin, and tbe othe r to exami ne and analyze n urs ing pra.ctice in Du bl in ' s tem porary cholera hospi tal d uring the epi dem ic of 1832. It is hoped that these studies will cOnlri bute La knowledge of the as ye t veiled world (no plm in tended) of the de velopment of nursinl! kn owledge and skill ill early 19thcentu;y rr .land. 1. M . E. DoollG . Sr. Ma ry Jo seph Croke : Another voice from th e Crimea . Nursing /Iistor)' Review. 3. 1995 , 3-41; "Care.liil N ursing"·." Irelamf s Legacy to N ursing" · . Paper presented a/the Third Annual Public Lee/lire .li)1" Nurs es . University College Duhlin,2000. 2. L. Dock & A. N ulling. A Hi. to ry of Nursing: T he Evo luti o n o f N urs in g Syste ms trom the Earlies r Times 10 Ih e Foundation 0/ th e First English and American Trainill!! Schools , Vol. flf, C P . Putman 's SOilS . Lone/on. p. 86.

Therese Connell Meehan , RGN,

RNT,PhD. Lecturer, SchQol of Nursin g and Midw ifery ~ University College Dublin National Un ive rsity f Ireland Earlsfort Terrac " D ublin 2, Ireland

Elizabeth Temkin, CNM Alice Fisher Society Summer Fellow for 2003, Speaks of Her Time at the Center T began this fello ws hip intending to expand my prev ious research on ho w 3l1d how much women paid for inpatient maternity care in the 1920s and 1930s. Soon after my arrival in a dusty volume pl ucked from Van Pelt L ibrary 's menac ing mobile shelving, I came across a sentence that ~Q su rp ri sed and de lighted me that it sh ifted the focus of my wo rk. The book, a 1930 inve ntory of emly ins urance plans, in cluded a de scription of a plan fu n by a fratc1l1al or ganization, the lnternational Workers Order. Like the other fledg ling ptans of its day , IWO insurance paid for or dis coun ted medical care, lab tests, and medications. nli ke other pl ans, the TWO offe red a unique additional benefit: coverag for birth control ducation and dev ices from its New York clini c. [n my work as a nurse-midw ife at Planned Par nlhood, the problem of paying for contraceptio n is one I en counter every day. Many of m y pa tien ts are uninsured, or in Medicaid ma naged care plans that cover som types of bil1h control but not the newer meth ds. Some have private plans through Catholic workp laces exempt fro m Connecticut 's pi ll bi ll manda tjng insurance coverage for contraception. It amazed me to learn that a !!fOUp of women 70 years ago wh n in New York contraception was legal only when prescribed by a physici an for the cure or prevention of disease had greater access to birth control than my patients now . 1 set o ut to discover the histor of the TWO in ura nce plan and to study how it de livered contraceptive services to its members. The rwo W.1S no Bl ue Cross. Founded in 1930, the fWO was affil iated with the Com mun ist Party unti l the Order's de mise in 1954, whe n it wa, liq uida t >d in a Red Scare lawsui t brought by the State o f New York's D partme nt of Insurance. L ike other frate rnal soc iet ies, the rwo help d ils largely immi grant membe rs (who by 1940 num bered

over 163 ,000) adjus t to American life by providing low cost health and life insur ance , sports teams, m u. ic and theater gro ups, and schoo ls. AI the 'arne time, Lhe IWO ad vanced a Commu nis t agenda, both ideologically in its publications and tang ibly in it · insurance program : for ex ample, the IWO was the only national in urance plan of its time that did not charge black m mbers a higher rate than w hites.

I spent my fo ur we ks h re track ing dow n primary sources ab lit lhe rwo; my be 't leads are ao TWO archive at Cornc ll and articles in the American Com muni st p re~s. I read works from the 1930s addre ss ing ho w best to meet the nation's need for health insurance. The debates centered on w ho shou ld adminis ter insurance (the AMA '!\ insistence that it should not be the gove rn ment ac counted for the absence of health insur ance from tIl socirll welfare programs of the New De.:'1!); w hether ir hould be com pulsory or volu lltary; and whether pre paid car cou ld bl;tter be delivered in com muni ty medical centers (like thc IWO's New York c1in ic,ortoday's HMOs) rather than by illdiv idual practi tioners . I also studi d the history of the birth control movement to discover what methods were available in the 1930s and where women c uld obta in them. Ulti mately I wi ll tum the research accom pi ished during this fellow hip into an articl e describin o the workings of the rwo'~ revo lutionary project for contra ceptive access . Elizabeth Tempkin, CNM. MSN New Haven, CT

NEWS FROM THE CENTER (continued from paR 7)

honoring the late Dr. Lowery who wa . in strumental in the lives of so many doc toral students at Penn . Thc award was presented to Julie at the nur tog com mencement ex rcises . The students com mended Julie "for her outstanding contributions to the de velopment o f fut ure nursing scholars, through cultivation f intellectual dis course by ch allengi ng the student's ini tial thoughts and paradigms and assis tance with developi ng road, of fUlure inquiry by creating a ound and secLtre (co ntinue.d next page)

N EWS FROM TI-IE C ENTER (conlinued from page 9)

educational environ ment r r explora tion." Students also pra i ed her as "an invaluable mentor who dem nstrate I warmth, generosity , and respect or her students; and for her part icular abi lity to ea. e the transi tion of fi rst year doctoral studellls." Kathy Burke pr sen t d a paper: "lnvi ible work: The xpanding Role of the Critical Care Nur e in the Develop men t and Diffu sion or The Swan-Ganz Catheter 1965-1 980" at the 22nd Annual Nursing & Mid\ ifery R t:arch Confer ence at lh Royal College of S urgeon ~ , Dublin , Ireland in Fcbru ry 2003. She has been invited to give two talks at the Univer 'ity College of Dublin. J oan Lynaugh p ke at the spring 2003 Scholarly Program ofSi !!TT1a Theta Tau at the University of Pennsyl vJ.nia. Her t Ik "Gemlinated in the Heart of De struction: urs and War" was de scribed in thi Intemalional Honor oc iety 's Fall 2003 ewsletter: Dr. ynaugh descri bed how modem nursi ng sprang from the exigencics {f the ball l fie ld. Romantic and religi ous imagery pervaded historic, literary , and med ia accountl of nursinv care in times of war. Nurses were angels of mercy, be atifi comfort rs, and servants to a greater g od. While caring fo r patriot· and freedom figh te rs nurses "pu t away all feelings" having little time to rec on cile their involvement in institutionalized killing. "They put away all feelings, to reconc il the ethical dilem ma of war" "Even in th most repr hensiblc condition' nurse ove r~ame personal antipathy t iolence to care for their pat ients. While in the Amly and Navy Nurse Corps, nurses had a hand in the developm nt f modem emergen 'y room and intensive care uni t pro edures ,md technologies, innovative surgical t ch niques, and rapid tran portation of the wounded. Thank y u Dr. Lynaugh . for an interesting. scholarly, and passionate prese ntation. " Jeanne lGefner insp ires New School Nursing Scholarship Beginn ing in 2004, The National A ' ociation of Scho J NUL s, Inc. (NASN ) wi ll initiate a new schol ar..hi p program dedicat d to recognize continuing edu

cation as a priority among seho I nurses. This 'cholarship, which will be awarded on an an nual basi , is de ieated to a school nurse who has for many years been untiring in her effort :> to make continui ng apriority. Jeanne Kiefner began e ing as the NASN representative to th Ameri can l-Iealtheare Insti tute (AH I) more than t n year ago. The AHI confe r ence complement NASN ' ann uui conference by of~ ri ng a program in sites distant fro m the annual confe r ence. This affords more school nur es the pportun it to attend a scho I nurse con ference. A'I'J program chair p rson, Ms . Ie/I to rig ht: Pat f)'A ntonio , Joan Lynaugh and Ki fner seeks out new tal nt for .I ulic Fairman stand (J{ the doorwa y Wadham C ollege wh ile attelldillg th e C()/!/i:rcnce in 0401"£1 . speakers, identi fyi ng c ntent ex perts who have a great deal of knowledge and cl in ical isdom to share Two onf'el'ences with school nurse . Her goal is straight Pat D' Antonio, Julie Faimlan , Joan forward: Provide quality c nferencc Lynaugh. and ynthia Connolly pre sent d at the "Exploring Diasponu;; Nurs speakers so that the ch 01 nurse can in tum provide qualit.y care for chi ldren. ing and Midwifery Cultural Migrations, Stephen Wi nter, president of AHl, 18th-20th Centuries conference in Oxford, states that "Jeanne has done an out England, in September 2003 . The confer tanding job each and every ear, and ence was sponsored by the United King dom Centre for the History of Nursing her personal commitmen t to being ' ure that thi ngs run smoothly, and that and Wellcome nit of Medicine, Univer sity of 0 ford. The participant agreed sch 01 nurses walk away with om that it was a stimulating conference in thing of lasti ng val ue that they can ap many a peets: ieaming. meeting intcrest ply in thei r practices, has truly been ad mirable," He fu rther added that, "We ing peop le, and the atmospheric etting. The agenda f r the conference can be simply cannol say enough good th ings accessed on the United Kingdom about Ulis hard-working and very nic woman, and the cont ribution she has Centre 's website: http:// made toward making Ulese meetings www.qmuc.ac.uk/h n/history/. rom Ox successfu l. ,. ford our intrepid historians (with Karen The scholarship, funded annually by Buhll!r-Wilker on among them ) braved the impending Hurricane I abel to attend AH l, will formally be named "The the American As ociation for the History NASN -AHl Seh larship" and will be in an amount up to $ I ,000. Thi s amount ofNur ing meeting in Mi lwl\u"ee. Wis consin. Due to the increased tailwind will cover tuiti n f r one annual regional AHI meeting and pre-symposium meet they arrived early and more lmportantly. ing. Specific guidelines for apply ing for afely. Milwaukee, on Lake Mich igan. is the scholar hip will be detemli ned a vibrant city. The conference f atured jointly by the NASN and AH1 Board ' of many notable presentations, spe ia lly Directors and wi ll be ann unced al the Pat 0' Antoni's. Pat spoke on a panel beginning of o vember 2 03. entitled "Women, Nursing and Intema The ational Associali n of School tional Perspective on the Hi. tory of Higher Education for Professional Prac Nurses ( ASN) is a non-profit specialty tice" < nd offe red a penetrating analysiS nursing organization incorporated in 1979, which represent cho I nur es on the correlation between baccalaur ate exclu ively. NASN has more than educati on for white Ame rican women nd 11,000 mem bers and 'i I affil iates. that for American nurses. "Women. urs ing and Baccalaureate Education in the United tates, 1945-2000."

IN MEMORY

FELLOWSHIPS ALlCE FISHER S OCIETY

L ELA RICKS BETHEL

.H ISTORICALFELLOWSHIP

(1926-2002)

Lela Bethel wa ' " people per on. She was also an authority on black history in Ph iladelpbia. especially in the areas of medic ine and th e pol ice force. Perhaps because ~h e was a nurse (grad uating from the School or Nursing or Mercy Hospitul in 1947 and attaini ng her BS from the Univer ity of PennsyJ ani a), she was known for her kind ness, wannrh, and considerat ion. o r maybe these were he r natura l q uali ties wh ich f0U11d an out let in nursing. She worked at Mercy Hospital , and d id some private duty nursing and public h 'Ilth nurs ing ror a time. Sh\.: beeame a ~c h oo l nur e anel educator, serving in thi. capac ity fo r 34 years . She was a nH~or supporter the Un iv rs ity of Pennsylvan ia School or Nursing's Biennia l Black Health Conference from its begin n ing. in 1981. and belonged to many professional organizations as well as her soror ity, Zeta Ph i Beta. Ms. Bethe l was active in the historica lly eertifi \.:d Afri an Baptist Church as a trustee . a member of the President 's Counc il and choir. T here is no doubt that we have lo~ t a valuable resource in the pass ing of Lela Bethel. It was she who convinced the al umni associat ion of Mercy Do uglas Hospilal to part \ ith its valuable rew rds which have become onc of th most often perused collection here at the Center.

C ORDELI A SHUTE (1 923-2003) Cordelia Sh ute pa 'ed away thi s year, at the age of 83 . Ms. Shute grew up in Repaupo. New Jersey, and earned her RN from the Hospital of the Uni versity of Penn sylvania (HUPl in 1940. She was a capta in i.n the U.S . Army with the 20th Genera l Hos pi tal in Ind ia during World War 11 from 194 1 to 1945. She assisted Dr. Harold Scheie (also of HUP) with an oper lion on Lurd Louis Mountbalten and also received the Bro nze S tar. She retu rned to work at HUP where she was Head Nurse in Ward 0 and Nursi.ng Director o f the Cl inical Research Center, re tiring after 50 years. T he fo llow ing il tribute from E lizabeth Shields Irw in, class of ! 950.

She Was My Hero W hile J was a student on Ward 0 [ always lhought she was the kind of nurse I wanted to be. Over the years I do remember always eeLing safe anc! secure under her domain. She looked perfect in starched whiles without a wrin kle in her uni fonn or a black hair out of plaee in her bun. T he ward was us neat as she was with everything in the same place every ti me you needed it and what yo u needed was always on hand and ready ( 0 be used. Her know ledge o f patients and their condi tion seemed end less. She provided inform ation effort le sly, nol just to "ludent nllr"es but to inte rns and resident'S as well. In fact one day I overheard her explai ning Wi:U1genstein suction to one of the messengers. What was also evident was that the patients on her floor not onl y kn ew tbey were getting good and professional care, but that they were truly cared fo r fro m the head nu rse to the clean in g stafr. Ward D has rema ined one of my fondest memories of traini ng, mainly due to Cordie and her genui ne kindness, interest great Kno wledge , and unfail in g good hu mor.

After being asked to prov ide some thoughts abo ut her, I con tacted other gradu ate to get ~I range of ideas. What I found was a c nsens us o f thoug ht hav ing to do wil ll her fa ime , imegri!y, abili ty, and a desire for the right th ing to be done, if fo r a patient. a student , the staff, the hospital, or the alumni. She was a truly fine HUP nurse in every role she filled.

LrLLIA

SHOLTIS BRUNNER

HISTORI AL F ELLOWSHIP

The Center for The Study of The Hjstory of Nurs ing 0 fers two fellow ships o r $2,500 to support residential <;tudy using the Cenle r's collections. T he Alice Fisher S c iety Historical Fellowship, whieh is made po. ible by the generosity of the Alu mn i Associa tion of the Ph ilade lphia General Hospital Training School for Nurses, is open to nu rses at the master' s or doctoral level who are seeking ass istance wilh research and writi ng ru part of their study of his LOry. Each scholar will be expected to spend fo ur to six weeks in residence at the Center. Se lection of the Brunner Scholar will be based on evidence of preparation and/or productivity in historical research related LO nursing. Altbough doctorally prepared candidates are preferred, the fe llowships are op n to tho e wi th pre doctoral preparation. Brunner scholars t pically pend six to eight weeks under the general d irecLion of nurse historians associated with the Center. Re earch completed by lhe fellows wi ll hel p insure the growth 01 scholarly work in nLil'si ng history. App licants for the $2.500 Brunner Fe llow hip shou ld contact Center Director Karen Buhler Wilkerson at the Center fo r The Study of The History o f Nursing, Un ive rsily o f Pennsyl van ia, School of Nurs ing, 420 G uard ian Drive.Philadelphia,PA 19 104 6096, orcaIl 215-898-4502. Th appli\.:a lion deadline is December3l, 2003. D irections are al 0 available on line at http: //www .nUfsine:.upenn.edu/his tory/research.htm .

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CALENDAR

American Association for the History of Nursing 20 th Annual Conference Septe mber 19-2 1, 2003. Mi lwaukee , Wisconsi n More information abo ut lh pr gram is foun d on the AAHN we bsite: http :// www.aalm.org.

The American Association for the History of Medicine 77th Annual Meeting April 29-May 2, 2(X)4, Madi on , Wi on sin. T he AAHM We n address is http:// www .hi lmed. org.

Susan Reverby, PhD to Give a Presentation at the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing February 16 f rom I :00-2:00. Sponsored by the eminar Series on Dive rsity and the Center for the Study o f the History of Nursing. Dr. Reve rby wil l address some as pects of the Tuskeg study with emphasis on Nur e Rivers. Susan M. Reverby is Professor of Wo men 's Studies at Wellesley College, an hon rary Sigma Theta TaLI nurse, and an historian o f Ameri can w men, medi cLnc, and nursing .

Bill HeJfand, Recipient of the Lifetime Achievemet Award from the American Association for the History of Medicine Wi lli am H . Hel fand the Cha ir of our Advisory Board has received lhi . honor for his many contribution to th > scholarship in the fields of medicine and nursing. The Cente r has experienced first hand Bi ll Helfand's generosi ty in Ius sbaring with us objccts from hLs collections and extensive knowledge about the m. He is w idely rec ogni.zed in for his books, articles and exhibitions (with sueh witty tilles as "Crowning Ach.ievements: Dentistry in the Ars Medica Collection o f the Ph iladelprua Museum of A rt " ) He has brought the fields of art and medicine more loseJy mgether. We are extremely fortunate to have him at thl: heln of our adv isory board.

Spread the Word The Chronicle is an important vehicle for sharing the efforts ofthe Center for the Study of the Hjstory of NUfSing to encourage and facilitate historical scholarship on bealth care history and nursing in the United States. OUf goal is to ensure that everyone with an interest in this topic is regularly receiving the newsletter and we are asking for your help to achieve that goal.

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