Spring 1991 Vol 3 No 2
ISSN 1049-2259
FALL SEMINAR NEW WORK IN THE HISTORY OF WOMEN AND NURSING On November 26, 1990. members and friends of the Center previewed new work in the history of women and nursing by the first Lillian Sholtis Brunner Summer FeUows, Janet Golden and Myrtle Matejski, a1 our annual fall reception. Professor Matejski. chair of the Department of Advanced Nursing Science, CoUege of Nursing, University of Delaware. presented Nurses in 1M Civil War: Benevolence and Care. This talk formed part of Professor Matejski's cootinuing study of nurses in the Civil War. Professor Golden, Visiting Assistant Professor of History. Temple University, Philadel phia. Pennsylvania, highlighled ber historical analysis of photographs depicting women's lives in ber lalk. Women's History and Images of Women: Some Specukuions. Nurses in the Civil War Professor Matejsk:i outlined the military I life of soldiers from the poorly prepared HON northern and southern states. The wretched conditions created by TN disease and war injuries prompted a TIO 'AL I TIO response from ARMY individual women and PUB le"'~Q "y 001Jl> cay O F ... organizations such as CITIZENS EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE the Sanitary Commis OF sion created in 1861. ATLANTIC CITY · • • NEW JERSEY Dr. Matejski described the nurses' daily. demanding work and Publication honoring 1M Civil War heallle care efforl of army nJlTSU ollllined in their important,life"Nurses ill lhe Civil War." saving ability to organize supportive care for large numbecs of sick or injured troops under primitive conditions. Employing their highly developed domestic skills, these women crealed hospitals in spite of the fact that none had any special preparation for the work. Rarely acknowledged Civil War nurses sucb as Cornelia Hancock, Miss Harris, and Mary Morris Husband, as well as the more famous Louisa May Alcott and Margaret (Mother) Breckimidge, participated in the Civil War health care effort. Through the responsiveness and convincing demonstrations of these Civil War nurses, Dr. Matejski argued. the public's perception of women nurses changed. From a limited. domestic, and usually unpaid expectation of every woman, nursing began to be seen as acceptable work and a respected source of livelihood. Women's History and Images of Women UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANTA Janet Golden followed with a discussion of la1e 19th century health care using SQ-fOOL OF NURSING surviving photographs of the era as her vehicle. Her work demonstrates that. while women in nursing fit into ordained gender roles, they were, III the same time, in the process of changing their social position. Showing the audience samples of the Philadelphia General Hospital nursing photographs, Dr. Golden highlighted many scenes clearly intended to verify the respectability of nurses and muses on the job.
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Center for The Study of The History of Nursing
continued 011 page 9
2
CENTER FOR THE
NEWS FROM THE CENTER
STUDY OF THE
HISTORY OF NURSING 1991 marks the Center's entry inlO the world of inlemAtional nursing. A four year study conducted in conjuction with the Intema.tionaJ Council of Nurses expands the Center's ability 10 encourage and facilitate historical scholarship in health and nuuing to the intemationallevel The Center will continue to create and maintain a resource for historjcal research pertaining 10 the development of the nursing profession and of health care history in the United States; to improve Ihe quality and scope of historical scholarship in nursing; and to disseminate new knowledge in nursing history Ihrough education, conferences. publications and in1er-disciplinary collaboration. Current projects at the Center range from studies of home·based mning, research on care of the critically ill, to the 20th century relationship between nursing and American philantbropy. We also continoe 10 collect, process and catalogue an outstanding collection of primary source materials. Feel free to visit the Center, MondAy· Friday. 9:00a.m.-5:00p.m. Scholars planning 10 oonduct research at the Center should write the Centet's curalOr, describ ing your project specifically. Our curator will respond with a description of the scope and content of relevant materials in the v mollS oolJcctions.
CenUr Ad"lsory Boud Lillian Sholtis Brunner, Chair M. Louise Fitzpatrick, Vice Chair Helen Edwards Jeanne Kiefner Ann P. Knight Nadine Landis Eleanor C. Lambertsen Mark Frazier Uoyd Charles E. Rosenberg Thelma Schorr Stephanie A. Staclmiewicz Tina Weintraub Cenur Slaff Joan E. Lynaugh. RN, PhD, FAAN
Director Ellen D. Baer, PhD, FAAN
AssociaJe Director Karen Buhler-Wilkerson. RN. PhD. FAAN
Associate Director David M. Weinberg, MSLS, CA
Curator Carla Castillo
Editor and Administrative As.ristOlll
TIm CENTER
IN REsEARCH, PRODUCTIONS AND PuBLICATIONS
Since the Center's inception in 1985, many scholars, researchers, and other interested parties have used the conections for scholarly material, course work, and other projects.
Of most recent interesl include the w<Xks of the following individuals.
Research
Barbara Bates of the University of Pennsylvania Medical and Nursing Schools has been using the Visiting Nurse Society of Philadelphia and the Mercy-Douglass Hospital School of Nursing collections for bee social history of tuberculosis. Between 1907 and 1909. Mabel Jacques, a graduate of the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. led the VNS effort to combat tuberculosis and belp its victims. A decade laler, graduates of the Mercy Hospital Tmining School for Nurses were among the first to bring specialized care and instruction to African-American blbecculosis patients in Philadelphia. Pamela Butler Beeman, College Nursing, University of Delaware, and Richard Bee man, University of Pennsylvania History Department. have used the Chestnut Hill Hospital School of Nursing Records to explore the transformation from hospital-based training schools to university-based nursing programs. The Beemans examined such characteristics as the nurses' daily wolk routine and Ihe nursing applicant pool. Janna Dieckmann, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing. has been using Ihe Visiting Nurse Society of Philadelphia Records and the Center's microfilm edition of the National Organization for Public Health Nursing (from the National Library of Medi cine) for her doctoral dissertation. Dieckmann is studying chronic care in hospitals. home care, and nursing homes in Philadelphia between 1945 and 1965.
Productions Several recent video productions featured photographs from Center collections. Nursing in the 1990's: Cost, Access 0IId Quality ofHealth Care, produced by the Annenberg Center for Health Sciences at Eisenhower (California), presented historic images of nurses and nursing as a back drop for the current crisis in the health care delivery system. The National League of Nursing used many still images from the Center's collections, as well as still and moving images from other repositories, to vividly portray nursing's position in 19th and 20th century U.S. social history in its production, Nwsing in America: History ofSocitJI Re form. From across the ocean comes Handmoidens and Ball/taxes: The Real Story of Nursing, winner o( the Austra lian Fibn Institute Award for best documenlary (1990). This Silver Films production traces the role of nursing from the pre-industriaJ period to the present
Barry Dornfeld ofWNET's
A new videotape: Handmaidens and BaJtIeags: The Real Story tiNwsin,. conl~d on page 7
3
THE STATE OF NURSING RECORDS IN THE MID-ATLANTIC REGION
The Center for the Study of the History of Nursing has recently com pleted its "Mid-Atlantic Nursing History Sources Survey. Appraisal. and Acquisi tions Project," funded by the National Historical Publications and Records Commission. This project, lasting nearly two years, resulted in the coUation of data about nursing institutions and records created by them. We define nursing institutions as any agency involved in the training, employing. or advocating for nu.t'Se3 or the nursing profession. Using this definition, the project involved the expected schools of nursing, but also included hospitals, visiting nurse associations. and state associations. As reported in the previous issue of The Chronicle (Fall 1990, Vol. 3, No. I), 187 (now 188) institutions responded to the Center's initial survey prepared by David Weinberg, the Center's curator. The responses, now fully keyed into a database manager, have led to the production of a printed report available for consultation at the Center. Of the 166 survey respondents that expressed an interestm the preservation of their records, Weinberg selected 52 institu tions for site-visit locations; 38 accepted the offer. The survey and subsequent site-visits suggest that institutioDS know little about the state of their organizational records. Few institutions have records management programs (except mass microfilming of hospital patient records) and even less have archival programs. Records creation is often uncoordinated and disorganized. Larger institutions. such as hospitals, have little knowledge about their records due to their size and complexilY. Smaller institutions, such as visiting nurse associations and rural hospitals, know little due to limited financial resources and other pressing business. These institutions must COll centrate on providing health care services, nol on the preservation of their historical records. Thus their unattended records deteriorate in damp basements and dry altics. The site-visits, therefore, had a two-fold mission: first, to con vince record creators to take responsi
bjJjty for their documentary heritage, and, second, 10 place their records at
suitable manuscript repositories. Weinberg found that some fortunate institutions have a lone staff member with a special interest in the organization's history. Unfortunately, many concenb'ate on only a portion of their institution's records (such as a nursing school within a hospital). Many site-visits, then, were exercises in selling archival programs that ade quately document the creating agency by taking a more global view of the institution's records. In order to accomplish this task: Weinberg empha sized the importance of. firstly. survey ing the institution's records. This includes scouring the basements. off site storage facilities, the closets, staff members' desks, and other locations where people store documents that have served their current usefulness. This action must precede any atlernpl to begin an in-house archival program or to donate its historical records to a manuscript repository. Additionally, Weinberg stressed the fmancial bepefit of comprehensive records management programs. These programs lead to improved retention, preservation, and retrieval of valuable infonnation contained in inactive records. In today's competitive market, hospitals, for instance, can benefit by using their records to publicize their institutions to the broader community. Without comprehensive records man agement programs, however, many may not undertake such promotional programs because of ill-preserved material and/or the inability 10 locate it The Cenler realizes that some institu tions are not in a position to care for their recads. Factors such as money, staffing, space, and interest, among others, often influence institutions' archival decisioDS. Smaller hospitals, visiting nurse associations and schools of nursing that have closed or are planning to close are typical cases. They usually hold significant records depict ing the life cycle of the agency and, more often than not, are in archival limbo. The Center can aid agencies
holding significant records, however, by placing their records either at the Center or a suitable manuscript repository. A few case studies: The Medical Center ofDelaware, Wilmington, DE. This hospital, created by a merger of three hospitals (Memo rial Hospital. 1891-1965; Delaware Hospital. 1901-1965; Wtlmington General Hospital, 1897-1965), holds the student files, scrapbooks, photographs, patient registers and other records of each hospital nursing school. The Medical Center of Delaware is currently surveying the hospital for other inactive records as a possible gift LO the Center. Brandywine Home Health Agency, Inc.• Coatesville, PA. This VNA has already donated its records to the Center. Please see "Recent Acquisi tions" for more information. Shadyside Hospital, Pittsburgh. PA. Shadyside has located "two skids" of early records in their basement; an historian contracted by the hospital uncovered the records during her research. An ad hoc committee is planning for the collection's placement foUowing the conclusion of the historian's work. Although few records of Shadyside's homeopathic days survive, the bistorian has uncovered admission records, annual reports, and other adminisb'ative flIes. Western Pennsylvania Hospira/, Pittsburgh. PA. West Penn has pre served a variety of records from its nursing school, hospital administration, and personal papers of associated physicians. The records uncovered to date measure approximately 20 linear feet West Penn has also used its historical fLIes to mount a professionally designed exhibition about the history of medicine and West Penn Hospital. The administrntion continues to mount a systematic archival program. Visiting Nurse Association of AL legheny County. Pittsburgh, PA. This VNA dales from 1922 after a meeting of seUlement houses in the Pittsburgh area, each of which employed a visiting nurse. Its records consist of founding conJinu.ed on page 9
4
RECENT ACQUISmONS
Mercy-Douglass Hospital School ofNursing. 1896 1983. 15 linear feet. ntis collection offers an illuminating perspective on the condition of African-American women in the nursing profession, the rise - and more recent decline - of segregated training facilities. and !he factors that kept African-American nurses from practicing outside African-American managed hospitals. The collection richly describes the training of African-American nurses and health care delivery to African-American Philadel phians as well. The materials include items document ing the schools affiliated with the two hospitals serving a predominantly African-American patient population in Philadelphia: the Frederick Douglass Memorial Hospital and Training School. and Mercy Hospital and School for Nurses. The Frederick Douglass Hospital began the fIrst Nwses and house staffofMercy Hospital next to ,he hospital's new ambulance, ca. approved African-American nurse training school in 1930s. Philadelphia in 1895 under the supervision of Minnie Warlick, the superintendent of nurses from 1920 to 1943. Clemon, the rust African-American to graduare from the Train In 1948 the two hospitals merged to fonn the combined ing School for Nurses of the Hospital of the University of Penn Hospital and School of Nursing. Although the Mercy-Douglass sylvania. The school remained open until 1935. school graduated its last class in 1960. Mercy-Douglass Hospital Men;y Hospital began a training school in 1907 that continued continued to provide clinical training for students from the after the hospital moved to 50th Street and Woodland Avenue in Tuskeegee InstibJte School of Nursing and other schools. Mercy Southwest Philadelphia in 1919. At the new location the school Douglass Hospital closed in 1973. expanded the course of instruction under the direction of Lula G, Although gaps exist in the student flIes, they begin with the Frederick Douglass school in 1909 and continue until Mercy Douglass admitted its last class. Additional documentation includes reports. correspondence, and related mes that cover the administration of the schools and the growth of the alumnae association. lbere are also exceUent photographs that supplement the more than 800 photographic images previously donated to the Center by the Alumnae Association of Men;y-Douglass Hospital. Strumpf, Edna E. LaPorte, 1934-1977, 1 linear foot . Strumpf attended the Mount Sinai Hospital School of Nmsing VI itlng Nurses: Tr veling Florenee Nightingales (Philadelphia), Class of 1937. 'This collection consists predomi nantly of her lecture nores and exams, but also includes general notes, procedure books, pamphlets, informational brochures, and commencement programs. There are also some documents recounting a 1977 reunion and a modem history of the Albert Einstein Medical Center, ca. 1970s. (Mount Sinai merged with the Albert Einstein Medical Center.) Of note is Strumprs corre spondence with Good Housdeeping magazine's School Depart ment; the department recommended "registered schools" for her evaluation. Subsequent correspondence between Strumpf, Garfield Memorial Hospital School of Nursing in Washington (listed), and MOunl Sinai (not listed) is included. Brandywine HOml! Health Agency, 1917-1988. 10 linear feet. Founded in 1917 as the Coatesville Visiting Nurse Association (pennsylvania), the agency was an outgrowth of the Health and Hygiene Committee of the Coatesville Century Club. Some of its weU-documented activities included care of tuberculosis patients, nu victims, and service in public schools. There is also some 'Traveling Florence NighJingales" profiles ,he work o/the documentation relating to industrial policy holders of Metropoli CoaJesville VNA (IDJer the Brandywine Home Health Agency) in tan Life who worked at neighboring Lukens Steel Company. The Lukens Ufe, the house organ 0/Lukens Steel.
corllimled on page 7
5
ANNOUNCEMENTS
DIRLINE
The History of Medicine Division of the National Library of Medicine (NLM) invites libraries, archives, and museums with holdings in the history of medicine to become part of NLM's DIRLINE online subftle in the History of Medicine. The History of Medicine subtile, available from NLM's MEDLARS system, contains identifying and descriptive information about participat ing institutions for use by scholars and researchers in the history of all the health sciences. For more information and a copy of the 1990 printed version of the online file, contact Elizabeth Tunis, Refer ence Librarian, History of Medicine Division, National Library of Medicine, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20852.
T HE
1991
LAVINIA L. DOCK
AWARD
The Lavinia L. Dock Award recognizes outstanding research and writing produced by an experienced scholar in nursing history who submits a post-doctoral research manuscript, article, or book. Scholars must submit manuscripts (3 copies) based on original historical research related to the history of nursing. Manuscripts may represent published or unpub lished research, must be in English, and must have been written within the last 3 years. One submission per author, please. Selection criteria for the award are based on the rigor of the historical research and the quality of the writing demonstrated in the manuscript. (See specific guidelines, Bulletin, AAHN, Spring 1991.) The awardee must be present to receive the award at the American Association for the History of Nursing Annual Meeting in San Francisco, California in September 1991. 1991 Lavinia L. Dock Award Committee Ellen D. Baer, RN, PhD, FAAN Karen Buhler-Wilkerson, RN, PhD, FAAN Darlene Clark Hine, PhD Please forward manuscripts by June I, 1991, to Dr. Ellen D. Bacr, RN, PhD, FAAN, Chair, Awards Commit tee, American Association for the History of Nursing, Center for the Study of the History of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing, 307 Nursing Educa tion Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6096. Direct questions regarding submissions 10 Dr. Bacr at 215-898 8287.
40rH ANNIVERSARY ISSUE In 1992 Nursing Research will celebrate its 40th anni versary. To observe the occasion, the January/February issue will be devoted to the history of nursing. Manu scripts must be submitted by April 30, 1991. Papers will be reviewed by the Editorial Advisory Committee, a panel of experts in historical research: Joan Lynaugh, Chair; Barbara Brodie, Vern L. Bullough, Olga Maranjian Church, Susan Cramer, Patricia O'Brien D'Antonio, MariJyn Flood. and Nancy Tomes. Please mail manuscripts and inquiries to Florence S. Downs, EdD,FAAN, Editor, Nursing Research, Associ ate Dean and Director of Graduate Studies, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, 420 Guardian Drive, S2 , Philadelphia, PA 19104-6096.
THE
1991
TERESA E. CHRISTY AWARD
As a means of encouraging new nursing history investi gatoTs, the Teresa E. Christy Award will recognize excellent historical research and writing accomplisbed by students. The submissions, therefore, may include dissertations, theses, and other research projects. New scholars must submit manuscripts (4 copies) based on original historical research related to nursing history. Manuscripts may represeot published or unpublished research, musl be in English, and must have been com pleted within the last 3 years. One submission per author, please. Selection criteria for the award will be based on the rigor of the historical research and lhe quality of . writing. (See specific guidelines., Bulletin, AAHN Spnng 1991.) The awardee must be present to receive the award at !.he American Association for !.he History of Nursing Annual Meeting in San Francisco, California in September 1991. 1991 Teresa Christy Award Committee Wendell Odermlc. RN, PhD Irene Poplin, RN, PhD Pat Donabue, RN, PhD, FAAN Diane Hamilton, RN, PhD Please forward manuscripts, including a statement de scribing your swdcnt SlaWS a1 the time the manuscript was written, by June I, 1991, to Dr. Ellen D. Baer, RN, PhD, FAAN, Chair, Awards Committee, American Association for the History of Nursing, Center for the Study of the History of Nursing, University of Pennsylva nia, School of Nursing, 307 Nursing Education Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6096. Direct questions regarding submissions to Dr. Baer at 215-898-8287.
6
SECOND ANNuAL PENN NURSING HISTORY ASSEMBLY
ApRIL
Twn..IGHT PROCESSION GRAVESIDE SERVICE AND RECEPTION FRIDAY, APRH. 12,
4:3OP.~
- 6:30P.M.
This year's Twilight Proces sion in honor of Alice Fisher will highlight Lillian Sarah Clayton, chief nw-se of the Philadelphia General Hospital School ofNorsing from 191510 1930. The procession will gather in the garden entrance at the School of Nursing and will proceed with bagpipe accompa niment by the Watson Highland ers to the Woodlands Cemetery. Following the graveside service, a reception will be held in the historic Hamilton Mansion. The Center welcomes aU members and friends of history to this event. Please RSVP by April 5, with the {onn below.
12-13, 1991
AT RISK: THE DANGEROUS SICK AND THEIR CARETAKERS NURSING HISTORY SEMINAR
SATURDAY, APRIL 13, 9:30A.M. - 1:3OP.M. 9:45
InIO the Homes, Minds, and Lives of the Poor: The Visiting Nw-se and Tuberculosis. 18908 to 1917
Presenter
Barbara Bates, MD, MA, Lecturer, University ofPennsylva nia Schools of Medicine and Nursing
Response
Ellen D. Bae.r, RN, PhD, FAAN, Associate Professor, University of Pennsylvania School Nursing
Break JJ:OO
"The Government Have Sent Us": Public Health Nurses in Northern Ontario. 1920 lhrough 1925
Presenter
Meryn E. Stuart. RN, PhD, Assistant Professor, School of Nursing and Adjunct Hannah Professor of History of Medi cine, University of Ouawa. Canada
Response
Stephen W. Holt. President, Visiting Nurse Association of Greater Philadelphia
Catered Luncheon
Seminar participants must RSVP by April 5. with the fonn below. Please include a check for $30.
S ECOND ANNUAL
PENN
NURSING HISTORY ASSEMBLY
I plan to attend:
D
o
Twilight Procession and Reception on April 12. 1991 "At Risk: The Dangerous Sick and Their Caretakers" on April 13, 1991 Please enclose a check for $30 if attending the seminar.
N~
___________________________________________________
ADDRESS ----------- ---------____________________________
Crrv ---------------------
STAlE ___ __
_
ZIP_ _ _ __
Please return this coupon to Center for the Study of the History of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing, 307 Nursing Education Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6096.
7
RECENT ACQUISmONS conlinued/rompagl!4
VOLUNTEER NEWS
VNA's board minutes and annual reports provide good statistical data. Also included are several scrapbooks and a collection of photographs beginning in the 19408. Modem flies, largel~ from the ~xecutive director's office, consist of correspondence with coordinating agencies, the Uruted Way of Southeastern Pennsylvania, and staff memos. Philadelphia General Hospital, 1885-1940, 7 microfilm reels. This coUection, purchased by the Center from the Philadelphia City Archives, consists of the official student files of the Philadelphia General Hospital School of Nursing. The data-rich files begin with the founding of the school by Alice Fisher and conclude in the 194Os. (City Archives closes student files for rtfty years from the date of graduation.) The files through 1918 are labeled "Sbldent books" and consist of demographic infonna tion about each student, the training wards, and the grades received. Many student files provide much detailed information regarding training periods, illness, and marriage, etc. Files also contain signed comments and evaluations by each instructa'. The post-1919 student files include standardized forms widely adopted by nursing schools throughout the country, highlighting demographics, summaries of practical and theoretical work efficiency records, applications for admission, personal narratives, and photographs. ' Schorr, Thelma M., 1972-1981, 2 linear feet. Born and raised in New Haven, Connecticut. Schorr entered Bellevue School of Nursing in 1942, Class of 1945. Schorr began working at the American JoumaI of Nursing Company in 1949 after publicizing the "dumping" of tuberculosis patients on open wards at Bellevue Hospital. She became editor of American Journal ofNursing in 1970, and president and publisher in 1981. This collection consists mainly ofbiographi cal and correspondence files ofnucsing leaders interviewed for Making Choices, Taking Chances: Nurse Leaders Tell Their Stories, by Schorr and Anne Zimmennan. Also included are general subject fIles, project files, general correspondence, speeches, minutes, and clippings.
When the Center acquired the Philadelphia General Hospital and its Training School for Nurses photo graphic collection in 1986, it was every researcher and visitor's night mare. The thought of having to leaf through more than 3,000 prints of the School of Nursing, the Hospital, and the Almshouse to find rhat single, perfect shot was enougb to make most light-headed. Stephanie Stach niewicz and Helen Dopsovic's faithful and diligent volunteer work. however, organized the collection into chronological and subject groupings (such as "people," "build ings," and "activities"). Thanks to Stephanie and Helen, researchers can DOW avoid those countless wasted hours and days. If you would like to join Stephanie and Helen help the Center provide well-organized and processed collections, feel free to give us a call at 215-898-4502. Your much appreci ated time and effort will continue the preservation of nursing's legacy.
N EWS FROM THE C ENTER
Conlinued/rompage2
Childhood Project in New York used the photographS of the Visiting Nurse Society of Philadelphia and the Starr Centre Association of Philadelphia collections to portray child care and chil deens' lives for an upcoming PBS television series.
BOOK SALE
Publications Darlene Clark Hine of Michigan Slate University used several photographs from the Mercy-Douglass Hospital School of Nursing collection in her book, Black Women in White: Racial C011/licl and Cooperation in the Nursing Profession. 1890-1950 (Indiana University Press). The cover photograph features the Mercy Hospital Class of 1930. A promotional flier for the November 1990 airing of Sentimental Women Need Not Apply on PBS used a photograph from the Visiting Nurse Society of Philadelphia collection.
The Centerfor the Study of the History of Nursing will hold its first book sale at the Second Annual Penn Nursing History Assembly in April. Since the Center's in ception, we have amassed a wide collection of nuesing and related health care textbooks, institutional histories, bi ographies, and other published works from many generous donors. After appraising these publications for the book collection and weeding duplicate volumes, the Center now has more than 1,000 titles that it wiu offer for sale at the Assembly. This promises to be an exciting sale with many noteworthy titles. Proceeds from this book sale will go to the Center's acquisition fund for future purchases of new titles from publishers and older titles from dealers. (The Calendar section contains the dates and times.)
A sampling of the titles rhat will be offered include: Brown, Esther L. Nursing for the Future (1948). Burgess, May Ayres. Nurses. Patients, and Pocketbooks (I 928). Dock, Lavinia L. History ofAmerican Red Cross Nursing (1922). Dock, Lavinia L. and Isabel M. Stewart. A Short History ofNursing: From the Earliest Times to the PresenJ Day (1920). Goostray, SteUa Memoirs: Hal/Century in Nursing (1969). Harmer, Bertha reXl-book of the Prin ciples and Practice ofNursing (1936). LambertseD. EleanorC. Educationfor Nursing Leadership (1958). National Organization for Public Health Nursing. Board Members' Manual: For Board and Committee Members Conlitwed 011 page 8
8
A GUIDE TO NURSING
SOURCES
way they were entered into the RLIN database by the owning or With the recent publication of the Guide to Nursing Sources in cataloging repository. Each record follows standard cataloging the Research Libraries In/ormation Network's (RUN) Archival procedures and typically and Manuscripts Control (AMC) Format, the Center ,-- - - - - - - -- - - - - -- - -- - ---------, includes the name of the creating individuaJ or for the Swdy of the History RLIN agency; the titJe, date, and of Nursing has completed extent of the material; a its consolidation of infor historicaJ/bibliographical mation related to nurses and sketch of the creator; a nursing. The Guide to The Research Libraries Information Network (RUN) is an intema scope and content note Nursing Sources provides tionaJ infonnation management and rebieval system operated by the about the material; and the indispensable infonnation Research Libraries Group, Inc. (RLG), a non-profit consortium of location and mailing contained in bibliographic research institutions working in concert to advance education and address of the owning records of primary source scholarship for the benefit of the intemationaJ research community. repository. materials found in the RUN The RUN database contains more than 45 million bibliographic AMC database. (Please see The end of the Guide records describing such materials as archives, manuscripts, books, box for further information contains a complete listing serials, maps, photographs, audio-visuaJ media, scores, and computer about RUN.) of manuscript collections flIes. The database also contains specialized resources in specific available at the Center. Center staff based each subject areas and information on research in progress. This list. similar to the section in the Guide on An important and rapidl y growing segment of the database is the listing that appears in the selected Library ofCon ArchivaJ and Manuscripts ConlIo) (AMC) file. The AMC file contains faU issues of The Cllron gress Subject Headings. more than 281,000 descriptions of personaJ papers and records of iele, is arranged by agency These headings were used businesses, organization. and governmental agencies. As of February type, with personaJ papers in the retrieval and grouping 1991, the AMC me contains more than 900 bibliographic records of following. Each enlI)' of the enbies. After primary sources related to nurses and nursing. includes the creator, downloading each search extenl, and inclusive dales. strategy into a WordPerfect L -_ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ file, Center staff sorted and The Guide to Nursing edited all records to create the final printed report Sources is available at a cost of $12 peT copy, shipping included. The bibliographic records represented in the Guide appear the ~
N EWS FROM THE CENTER
cOfilinMul[rompage 7
ofPublic Health Nursing Services (1938). Stewart, Isabel M. The EducaJion of Nurses: Historical Foundations and Modern Trends (1945).
RN, MSN, doctoral candidate in Penn's School of Nursing, will head the study involving historians and nurse historians from several countries. (Since its found ing in 1899, the ICN has concerned itself with problems related to the delivery of health care and nursing services. It is the offical organization by which nurses from around the world communicate and plan. The ICN sponsors research, conferences. and pUblications.)
NURSING THROUGHOUT THE WORLD In celebration of the looth anniversary of the International Council of Nurses (ICN), the Center and the ICN have embarked on a four year swdy of internationaJ nursing. The study, "Cen tennial History of the IntemationaJ Council of Nurses. will focus on the relationship between the ICN and the development of nursing world wide. Center Director Joan Lynaugh. with major assistance from Barbam Brush, It
PROFILE: DOCTORAL SruDENT RESEARCH Patricia O'Brien D' Antonio, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, is completing a case study of the early years of the Friends Asylum (1800 1840), a psychiatric hospital founded in 1817 in Philadelphia. Using the extensive
diaries of the asylum's superintendents, she is reconslJUcting daily life in a 19th century insane asylum to analyze the tension between Lhe therapuetic ideal of treatment and care, and the day-to-day realities of nurses' roles, work demands, and the needs of care recipients. Her work to date focuses on the critical negotiations between families and staff, and between staff and patients as the asylum tried to implement the "experi ment" of moral treatment, a lay form of therapy for insanity. Families, she argues, demanded an active nursing role that enabled Lhem 10 legitimate the torturous decision to instiwtionalize their insane relatives. But the asylum's staff felt that families' demands to determine nursing care challenged their own authority over conlinued on page 9
9
THE STATE OF NURSING REcORDS IN THE Mm ATLANTIC REGION
NEWS FROM THE CENTER
COtllinued from page oS
cOtllinuedfrompage3
their patients. In response, the staff created a hierarchical structure among themselves to help retain control. More
correspondence, fund raising efforts, and documents depicting social histories of industrial health issues. Lac1c Haven Hospital, Lock Haven, PA. Lock Haven's records provide excellent information about this rural hospitaL Its records include early board minutes, annual reports, and phOto graphic images. Its school of nursing closed in the 1930s and reopened fa a short time during World War n. Despite these fmds, many organiza.
lions, including those profiled above, do not have complete documentary records. The records thai. survive in all the institutions surveyed survive purely by hislOrical accident The grant funding for this project has since ended, but the Center for the Study for the History ofNursing continues 10 work with these and other institutions as a flCSt srep toward a better documentary program of nursing records in the Mid· Atlantic region.
importantly, however, staff increasingly turned to physicians seeking medical authority as the final arbitrator between themselves and families . In turn, the growing involvement ofphysicians helped set the stage for the asylum's fmal abandonment of moral trealment in the mid-nineteenth century.
LILLIAN SHOLTIS
BRUNNER SUMMER
FELLOWSHIP
NEW WORK IN THE HISTORY OF WOMEN AND NURSING cOtllinMedfrom page 1
Many photographs portrayed nurses and physicians living and working in city hospitals and almshouses. Although these and other photographs present many new and exciting
possibilities as historical research material, concluded Dr. Golden, they also have their limitations; a single photograph may produce countless interpretations. Nevertheless,
DOCIors and nurses o/Philadelphia General Hospital. ca. 1900.
photographs afford US a window 00 the daily lives of our predecessors. We at the Center are pleased to have had the opportunity to introduce our members and friends to these innovative approaches to historical marerials. Each year fall semi nars will present the findings of lhe Brunner FeUows.
The Lillian Sholtis Brunner Summer Fellowship for Histori· cal Research in Nursing will again be offered by the Center for the Study of the History of Nursing. Mat and Lillian Brunner's generosity makes it possible for the Center 10 offer I.his research fellowship which will support 6 10 8 weeks of residential study and use of the Center's collections. Selection of Brunner scholars is based on evidence of preparation and/a productivity in historical research relaled to nursing. Brunner scholars wiU work under the direction of nurse his torians associated with the Center. Research compleled by the FeUows will help insure the growth of scholarly work on the history of nursing. Applicants for the $2,500 Brunner Summer Fellowship should contact Center Directa Joan Lynaugb at the Cenrerfor the Study o/the History ofNursing, University of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing, 307 Nursing Education Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104·6096. or call 215·898· 4502. The Fellowship applica tion deadline is December 31, 1991.
10
DONORS TO TIm CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF THE HISTORY OF NURSING JULY 1, 1990 THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 1990
Alice Fisher Society Anonymous HUP Alumni Association Ellen D. Baer Barbara Bates Lillian Sholtis Brunner Florence S. Downs Hilda L. Houser Ida H. Kaufman Joan E. Lynaugb George and Helen Wein stein Wayne State University College of Nursing  Institutional Member Lillian Wald Society Elizabeth A. Katona Linda Richards Society Linda H. Aiken Doris M. Armstrong Jeanne Quint Benoliel Caroline Camunas Pamela F. Cipriano Dorothy J. del Bueno Helen B. Dopsovic Helen H. Edwards Jane Hartman Griffith Laura L. Hayman Mary Kate Heffern Ruth C. Herrick Jacqueline Rose Hott Rita Beers Jelly Eleanor F. Jenkins Mary Ann Lewis Barbara W. Lowery Janesy B. Myers William H. Nace Laura M. Randar Marianne T. Roncoli M. Ruffing-Rahal Alma E. Sheer Barbara H. Stratton Mr. and Mrs. H. Strumpf Margretta M. Styles Doris Erway Wardell
Ellen Drace Warner Martha H. Wertheim Dorothy C. Wilson Shirley K. Wilson Mary Opal Wolanin Zane Robinson Wolf Museum of Nursing History Center Contributor Ruth M. Bleakley Barbara Brodie Janet L. Bryant Florence Gartland Marsha Melnik Mara] Palanjian Alma S. Woolley Friends or the Center Elizabeth M. Bear Evelyn Rose Benson Georgeanna M. Bittner Diane L. Blazejak Geertje Boschma Helen K. Bowles Brenda B. Brown S. L. Brunoli-Stiller D'Ann Campbell Jacquelyn Campbell Mary E. Carnegie Margaret F. Carroll Lydia E. Clark Beryl Boardman Cleary Elaine B. Clouser Janet M. Collins Cynthia A. Connolly Beverly Conti Grace K. Coulson Eleanor L. Crowder Barbara Dantonio Fred & Marcella Davis Doris S. Edwards Mary Anne Eisenbise Antoinette Emch-Deriaz Jonathan ErIen Helen Fairchild Loretta C. Ford
Catherine C. Freeman Cynthia M. Freund Jeanne R. Frye Mary Ann Royko Galvin Constance W. Gangwer E. Jean Garling Alma H. Garside Beulah Petus Ghaner Laurie K. Glass Marie S. GouJbum Anastasia M. Gray Jane Hellberg Carol S. Helmstadter Edythe G. Hess William L. Holzemer Mary E. Irwin
Judith A. Jones Jacqueline L. Kahn Barbara I. Kline Margaret E. Kotzin Mary J. Kurey Nancy C. Lamer Dorothy H. Leonard Sandra B. Lewenson Edith P. Lewis Ruth Watson Lubic Barbara Vrabel Lund Katherine S. Lyman Mary Allen MacBride Elizabeth Madeira Dianne M Magnuson Marguerite L. Manfreda Linda G. Manko Barbara Rutter Marion Lynda Stainer Martin Karen S. Martin Barbara Barden Mason Irene L. Matthews Margaret L. McClure Marylou K. McHugh Margaret McMurray Gloria J. McNeal Dorothy A. Mereness Mathy Mezey Lana L. Miller Michaelene P. MilT Goldie K. Morse
Jean R. Moss Mary Alice Musser
Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Nauman Mr. and Mrs. M. Norman Christy A. Nye Frances K. O'Neill Wendell W. Oderkirk Julia B. Paparella Sarah Snyder Patrylow Hildegard Peplau Barbara A. Petersen Robert V. Piemonte Florine G. Pontzer Barbara Lesnick Purdy Natalie N. Riegler Maryanne E. Roehm Martha E. Rogers Sheila A. Ryan Heli Saarmann Mary T. Samecky Alice Savastio Rozella M. Schlotfeldt Louise C. Selanders Virginia R. Sicola Dorothy M. Smith Kathleen Samson Smolen Nancy T. Snyder Edna R. Spangler Marilyn N. Steadman Beverly Peril Stem Lucy E. Stetter Erma Stevens Meryn E. Stuart Judith A. Sullivan Dorothy M. Talbot Lorraine Tulman Elizabeth D. Vickers Ruth Fitzgerald Weeks Tina Weintraub Mary Jessica G. Welfare Fay W. Whitney Virginia M. Wible Ruth H. Willard Ethel K. Wishart Pauline Davis Wojciak