The Chronicle Spring 1992

Spring 1992 Vol 4 No 2

ISSN 1049-2259

PHILADELPHIA GENERAL HOSPITAL ALUMNI ASSOCIATION ESTABLISHES FISHER SCHOLARSHIP Jeanne Kiefiler, president of the Alwnni Association of Philadelphia General Hospital Training School for Nurses (PGH), has always believed in the need for an alliance between PGH's School for Nurses and the University ofPeunsylvania's School of Nursing .

•'We were in such close proximity for years, but we remained fairly separate. Since our School closed, the Association has been concerned with perpetuating our history and contributions to the nursing profession.

Penn Nursing's Center/ or the Study a/the History 0/ Nursing provided us with all opportunity to promote our past accomplishments."

Following its strong tradition of supportiJlg the education of nurses, the Alumni Association recently announced its plans to establish the Alice Fisller Society Historical Scholarship at tile History Center.

1l1e Fisher Scholarship wiU provide $2,500 per year to a nurse at the master's or doctoral level who demon­ strates an intent to pursue rustorical studies in nursing .

•'There is very tittJe support available for historical research, let alone for hlstorical research in nursing," noted Center Director Joan Lynaugh. "We're de­ lighted that the PGH Alwnni Association has chosen to address this need."

Lynaugh stressed that tile Fisher Scholarship would directly aid students who are attempting to become established as scholars.

"The PGH Alwnni Association and the Center want to promote nursing scholarship and ensure its Alice Fishel' and student, ca. 1888. future. We feel tile best way to do so is to offer today's promising young scholars assistance witll tlleir research and writing.

Center for The Study of The History of Nursing UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA

Sam

L OF NURSING

"In this respect, the Fisher Scbolarsrup will compliment the Center's Lillian Sholtis Bnmner Summer Fellowship for Historical Research in Nursing, which provides support for more experienced scholars ."

Lynaugh points out tllat the Fisher Scholarship and Bnmner Fellowship will invariably lead to an increase in nursing historical research.

"These gifts are important to tile Center because they address our emphasis on education and our goal of supporting the study of the social and inteUectnal history of the nursing profession."

Fellowsrups can be established by an organization, as was the Fisher Scholarship, or by an individual, as was the Brunner Fellowship. The donor usuaJly pledges a specified amount payable over a number of years. However, fellowships/scholarships also may be established through a bequest. Bequests are an attractive option for donors who feel they can make larger gifts, witll more peace of mind, under their will rather than during their lifetimes.

The PGH Alwnni Association has pledged the sum of$60,OOO, payable in $10,000 (continued 011 page 5)

2

C ENIER FOR THE

N EWS FROM THE CENTER

STUDY OF 1HE l-IrSTORY

OF NURSING

CURATOR DEPARTS TO HEAD THE DEPARTMENT OF RECORDS OF THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA

The Ccnter/or tile Study a/the Hist ry ofNursing was established in 1985 to.encourage and faci litate hi 10ricaJ scholarship on health care history and nursing in the United States. Now in its seventh year of exi I nee, the Cenler continues to create and maintain a resource for uch research; to improve the qu<lity and scope of historical scholarship on nurs ing; and to disseminate new Irnowledge on nursing history the ugh education, conferences, publi c lions, and inter-disciplinary collaboration.

Current projects at the Center range from studie. of intern tiona I nursing, home-based nursing, and res reh on care orthe critically ill to lhe twenti­ eth-century relation hip between nursing and American phi lanthropy.

We also continue to collect, process, and catal ogue an oUfstan ding collec­ tion of primary historical materials.

Feel free to visit the Center M nday-rriday, 9:00 -5:00 p.m.

Scholars pl anning to c nduct research at the Center should contact the Center's Coordinator at 2 15-898 -4502.

Our Coordinator wilt respond with a descript ion of the scope and content of relevant materials in the various collections.

We at Ule Center feel both regret and pleasure at Ule departure of our friend and colleague, Curator David M Weinberg. We will miss David enonnously, but we are also pleased and proud of his wonderful new opportunity in the RendeU administration as Deputy Commissioner of the Department of Records for the City ofPbHadeJphia.

During the three years since David joined the Center as its first curator he created its collection and researcher service systems; located and accessioned import.'U1t new collections; linked the Center with the professional community of archivists; helped advance the study of health care and nursing history; made us all more sophisticated about illfonnation technology; and became an esteemed member of the School of Nursing and the Penn community. Today's successful Center is in no small measure a product of David's skill and commitment to high-quality, fu ll-service collection devel pment an maintenc'U1 ce. He played a significant role in he lping lay the ground­ work for a uniqlte scholarly facility and we are grateful.

NEW PROJECl" ARCIllVlST APPOINTED The Center wannly welcomes Kaiyi Chen, PhD, as the new project archivist for the Center's Nursing History Processing and Cataloging Project funded by the National Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC) . TlIe $65,960 provided for the project will enable Dr. Chen to arrange and describe more than 300 linear feet of historical manuscripts over the next two years. Dr. Chen is currently working on tbe valuable records of tile Alumnae Association of the School ofNursing of Mercy­ Douglass Hospital.

Dr. Chen comes to the Center with ample experience as a professional archivist.

Most recently, he served as sistant archivist at the Ameri can College of Physicians.

Prior positiollS at several Philadelphia-area repositories include the College ofPhysi­ cians ofPhiladelpbia, the Philadelphia Jewish Archives Center at the Balch lnstitute, and Temple University's Urban Archives. Dr. Chen recently completed his doctoral studies in United Slates history at Temple University.

PRESERVATION N EEDS AsSESSMENT PROGRAM Of THE CONS ~ RVATI0N CENTER rORART AND HISlORICALARTIT-Acrs

Center Advisory Board

Lillian Sholt is Drunner. Chair M. Louise Fitzpatrick, Vice Chair Helen Edwards Jeanne Kiefner Ann P. Knight Eleanor C. Lambertsen Nadi ne Landis Mark Frazier Lloyd Charles E. Rosenberg Stephanie A. Stachniewicz Tina Weintraub Center Staff

Joan E. ynaugh. PhD, FAAN Director

Ellen D. Baer, PhD, FAAN Associate Director

Karen Buhler-Wilkerson, PhD, Associate Director

Carla CastiUo Editor and Center Coordinator Kaiyi Chen, PhD Pro/ eet Archivist

~ AAN

The Center was selected to participate in the Conservation Center for Art and Historical Artifacts' (CCAHA) Preservation Needs Assessment Program . This project, funded by the William Penn Foundation, offers expertise and support to small- and mid-sized repositories in the Delaware Valley. CCAHA staff conducted a site visit at the Center this winter to identify the Center's preservation needs and help the Center develop solutions to any problems. As part of the project, the CCAHA will assist Center stafTto establish a long-range preservation plan.

The Center looks forward to working with the Conservation Center and thanks the William Penn Foundation for supporting programs such as the Preservation Needs Assessment Program.

A

HISTORY Of THE PIffiANTHROPY OF DR. LEONHARD

F .LD( FULD

With funding from the Helene Fuld Health TnlSt, Center Associate Director Ellen Baer is conducting a study of the history of the philanthropy of Dr. Leonhard Felix Fuld and his family. Known to his successors at the Trust as "a successful hwnane eccentric, " Dr. Leonhard F. Fuld created the only foundati on dedicated solel y to nursing, and specifically designed "to promote the health, education and welfare of nursing students." Founded in 1935 by Dr. Fuld and his sister, Florentine, with financi al consultant Theodore D. Carlson, the Trust is now worth $85 million and gives from $3 to $5 million annually to nursing enterprises.

The current project emerged from a desire on the part of the Trust's officers to know (continued on page 5)

3

THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE HISTORY OF NURSING LAUNCHES

NEW JOURNAL

SAVE THE DAlE

1993 ANNuAL MEETING OF TIlE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE HISTORY OF NURSING

Readers of 17/e Glronic/e are well aware that something of a renaissance in nursing history emerged over the past ten years.

New books, edited collections, special issues of respected nursingjoumals, and even new scholarly organizations testify to an increasing interest in the fie ld. Flleled by the social, medical and technological history movements, women's studies, public concerns about the health care system, and the movement of nursing into academia, historiography in nursing history is expanding and becoming more ophisticated. Historical research is finding support inside and outside the profession. Perhaps most importantly, historical studies are reappearing in nursing school curriculwns across the cOUlllry. Quite predictably, tbose working in the field have, for some time, pressed for a scholarly journal of their own to convey Uteir work.

Nllrsing History Review, the official journal of the American Association for the History of Nursing (AAHN), will appear to meet this demand in late winter of 1992. This new journal will disseminate historical research and commentary, publish book reviews of new work in the field (there is, at present, no such vehicle innursing literature), and update and analyze the historiography of nursing through review essays. Those inter­ ested in health care history will be able to keep in touch with new and ongoing work, critique existing work, and find source materials for scholarly and educational projects.

The content of the Review will , of course, reflect current scholarship in the field . Historiography related to nursing ranges from studies of nineteenth-century religious evangelism and nursing to the influence of insurance-based payment for health care on nurses' careers. Modem nursing is tightly linked to the hospital movement of the last 125 years; many historians are exploring the details and implications of that relationsh.ip.

Historians will most certainly include questions of contemporary interest encompassing the influences of gender, economic status, family, race and class on nursing and health. as weU as histories probing our past experiences with mental illness and infectious disease. Future Review issues will develop around specific historical themes. Other important topic will include reports on archival and bibliographic sources. and articles on methodology.

Each annual volume of Nursing HislOlY Rel'iev.' will include at least 150 pages of new historical material plus features, review articles, book reviews, and notes and queries. Nursing History Review. edited by Joan E. Lynaugh, will be published by the University of Pennsylvania Press. Clearly, there exists an important place for a journal of nursing history that serves the AAHN membership and interests interdisciplinary audiences of nurses, other health professionals, and historians. For subscrip­ tion price information, please contact Acquisitions Editor Patricia Smith of the University of Pennsylvania Press at 215­ 898-1709.

(The AAHN will continue to publish its quarterly AAHN Bulletin to keep members infonned of events, share calendars, news, and the like.)

The Center/or the Study a/the History o/Nursing is currently making preparations for the 1993 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the History of Nw·sing. The 1993 meeting will be held in Philadelpllia, Pennsylvania., from October 1-3. The Annual Meeting is co-hosted by the Center, tlle School ofNursing of the University of Pennsylvania, and the Association. Further details will be available in the Fall 1992 issue of 77le Ol1"o1licle. For infonnation. please contact the Center at 215-898-4502. We hope tl",' all interested individuals will be able to attend tlte 1993 Annual Meeting.

AAHN MEMBERSHIP DRNE

The American Association for the History of Nursing is actively seeking new members. The Association is

committed to promoting the study of nursing history and supporting historical research on nursing. Current members include scholars ofnursing history and others with an interest in nursing's past.

The Association supports historical research through sponsorship ofan annual conference on nursing history.

The Ninth Annual Conference will be held on June 17­ 20, 1992, in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada, in conjunction with tlte Canadian Association for the History ofNursing. Two awards are presented annually at the conference: the Lavinia L. Dock Award, whjch recognizes outstanding research and writing by an experienced scholar in nursing history. and the Teresa E. Christy Award, which recognizes new historical researchers for work completed while students.

An excjting new membersllip benefit is Nursing History Review, the official journal of the Association, edited by Dr. Joan E. Lyoaugb and published by the University of Pennsylvania Press. This annual will appear each winter, wi th 225-250 pages of recent research, review articles, book reviews, and other features.

Membership dues for regular members are $60; students and retirees, $35' and agency and supporting members, $75. For further infonnation and membership applications, please write: The American Association for the History of Nursing

Executive Director, Dr. Rosemary McCarthy

P.O. Box 90803

Washington, D.C. 20090-0803

I

4

RECENT ACQUISITIONS

profiling her career as a pioneer nursing dence with deans and directors o.f Lambertsen, Eleanor C, 1915-1977. 7 administrator. This collection also schools of nursing and medjcal centers lil1emIeet. contains minutes of meetings, reports to Lambertsen is one of the major around the country. the University of Pennsylvania and the national figures in the development and Lynch. Theresa Inez, 1898-1986.2 National League for Nursing, University refoon of nursing services and the linear feet. of Pennsyl vania catalogs for tbe School administration ofnursing education. She Lynch received her BA from George of Nursing and the Division of Medical earned her BS, MA, and EdD degrees Washington University, her MA from Affairs. from Teachers College. Her career as a and documentation on her Co.lumbia University and her EdD from tenure nurse began in 1938 at Overlook as dean and dean emeritus. Also New Yo.rk University. She taught at included is an autographed Hospital in Summit. New copy oftJle Japanese transla­ Jersey. Lambertsen joined the tion o.f her textbook, Commu­ Teachers CoUege faculty in nicable Disease Nursing.

1950 after completing her doctorate in education. Sbe MOl/tgomery County Home­ left Teachers College in 1958 maker-Home Health Aide to serve as secretary of the Service, 1966-1990. 4 linear American Hospital f eet.

Association's Division of "I am pleased to send warm Nursing, where she partici­ greetingsto.ev~onecd­ pated in nursing issues at the ebrating the 20th anniversary national level. She returned to of the Montgomery County Teachers College in 1960 as Homemaker-Home Health professor of nursing in the Aide Service . You' ve pio­ Department of Nursing neered a service that combines Education and director of the house repair and cleaning with Division ofHeaIth Service personal care that enables the Science and Education. Tn elderly to live with djgnity 1970 she accepted the position Theresa LYllclr,far left, andfellow nurses holding three dlildrefl and safety in their homers]. of dean of Comell University/ You have also expanded your ill cart, ca. 1920.

New York Hospital School of service to hdp families in Nursing. Upon its closing in 1979 she New York University and Hunter crisis, the disabled, and children from continued as senior associate director of College before serving as Ule first dean motherless homes. Because of your New York Hospital and director of the of the University of Pennsylvania's efforts, your community is a better place Division ofNursing Education.

School of Nursing. (The School. in wbkh to live. Nancy and I want to The Lambertsen collection contains established in 1944, evo.lved out of the conmleud you fo.r aI I you have done. primarily printed materials that she University's Department o.fNursing You have our best wishes for many collected throughout her career. Most of Education in the Scho.o.l of Education. more anniversaries. God bless you." the printed sources reflect Lambertsen's The Department was established in 1935 Ronald Reagan, September 18. 1986. adm.inislTation and teaching experiences at the request of the Pennsylvania In adilition to accolades from Ronald as well as her correspondence and Nurses ' Association and the Pennsylva­ Reagan. this collection includes all of minutes of meetings. Included are nia State Health Department. In 1944 the Service's office files. The Service's reports of her involvement in national the basic coIJegiate School of Nursing principal objective from its founding in and state-level activities in such was established within the Division of 1966 Wlti) its merger with the Visiting organizations as the American Medical Medical Affa.irs. The Department of Nurse Asso.ciation of Ambler & Vicinity Association, National Commission fo.r Nursiug Education later merged with the in 1984 was to provide affordable borne the Study of Nursing and Nursing School of Nursing to form an indepen­ health service for residents in Montgom­ Education, Nation's Health, and the dent school in the Division of Medical ery COWlty. Pennsylvania. (The Visiting American Nurses Association. Some Affairs in 1950.)

Nurse Association of Ambler and files document her speaking engage­ Lyncb's papers consist of her Vicinity Reco.rds were profiled in the meJlts and participation in forwns personal correspondence, fumily Spring 1990, Vol. 2, No.. 2 issue ofne debating health care issues, especially photographs, unpublished essays Chronicle.) the role of the physician's assistant, (primarily about the University o.f collegiate education for nurses, and Pennsylvania's School of Nursing), accreditation of nursing programs. Other biographical accounts, and documents materials include general correspon­

5

NEWS FROM THE CENTER

(conl;IIl1cdjrolll page 2)

the reasons for Dr. Fuld's interest in nursing. Some WlSUbstantiated speculations as to the basis for his bequest have included: his mother's interest in public health; his sister's involvement in nursing; his sister's poor health; and even suspicions that Dr. Fuld entertained a romantic attachment for mlIsing students. To date, Dr. Baer' examination of documents and interviews with nurses who knew Dr. Fuld have not corroborated any of these hypotheses.

Rather, a broad research perspective reveals that Dr. Fuld was one ofa number of philanthropists who began to take an interest in nursing in the 1920s and 30s. TIle RockefeUer, Carnegie and Kellogg Foundations, the Commonwealth Fund, and Frances Payne Bolton all contributed to studies of nursing education and supported the university schools that followed . 1n 1913 the L6th Amendment to the Constitution had authorized a graduated federal income tax. As the world Languished in the Great Depression, Congress opened new avenues for sheltering income, paving the way for the emergence of foundations that sequestered money while doing good works. 1110Ugh nursing enjoyed modest benevolence from many foundations, to this day tlle Fuld Trust is unique in its focus on financial support of nursing.

THE PENNSYLVANIA DEANS PRJ CESSING PROJECT The Center is pleased to announce that it has been awarded a grant of$3,000 from the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission (PHMC) to arrange, describe, and preserve the personal papers of the tbree deans of tIle University of Pennsylvania's School of Nursing: Theresa r. Lynch (1 .65 linear feet rangiug in date from 1944 to 1965); Dorothy Ann Merelless (3 .2 linear feet ranging in date from 1910 to 1991); and Claire M. Fagin (23 linear feet ranging in date from 1926 to 1991). 111ese three women served consecutively as deans of the School from its establishment in 1944 up to tlle present time. Through their separate but cohesive efforts they developed the Commonwealth's first collegiate-based school of nursing into a premiere institution.

Their papers clearly document the development of collegiate nursing education in Pennsylvania as well as other areas oflheir professional and personal activities.

Theresa 1. Lynch - As the School's first dean, Dr. Lynch's papers docwnent her work during the School's evolution from Department of NUfSing Education in the University'S School of Education (founded in 1935) to the School of Nursing fifteen years later. (For more detailed infoonatioll on Dr. Lynch, please see' 'Recent Acquisi足 tions" on page 4.)

Dorothy Ann Mereness - Following Dr. Mereness's death last year the executor of her estate donated materials encompassing her work during her tenure as second dean ofthe Scbool. Following ber retirement from the deanship, Dr. Merelless served as executive director of the Pennsylvania Nurses' Association, District 1 (PNA); infonna足 lion on ber professional work with the PNA form part of the PNA Records housed at the Center.

FISHER SCHOLARSHIP

(continued/rom page 1)

increments over a six-year period, to establish the Alice Fisher Society Historical Scholarship. The Alwnni Association decided to set up the Fisher Scholarship as an endowment in order to ensure that it will be self-perpetuating. Years into the future, Fisher Scholars will work to spread historical knowledge about aspects of nursing history related to the era and environment of Alice Fisher's life and times.

The first Alice Fisher Society Scholar will be named in 1993 to commemorate the tOOth annjversary of the founding of the Alice Fisher Society, tile earliest alumni association for Phlladelphia Gene.ral Hospital Training School for Nurses graduates.

Interested individuals should contact the Center for application guidelines.

"Alice Fisher was one of nursing's most iUustrious leaders," stated Kiefuer. "She recognized how important nursing was and promoted its independence. The PGH Alumni Association is proud to be associated with her and to continue her support of nursing education."

Claire M. Fagin - The Center ap足 proached Dr. Fagin, the recently retired deanoftbe School of Nursing, about her personal papers shortl y after her 1990 announcement of her retirement Dr. Fagin subsequently donated her exten足 sive personal papers to the Center. (111e last issue of Tlte Chronicle contains more detailed Illfonnation on Dr. Fagin's materials.)

The Center is delighted to make available tIle papers of these three very important women. Not only will the collections of Drs. Fagin, Mereness, and Lynch provide illwninating infonnation on tile careers of nurses in higher educalion, but they wiU be useful for studying the role of women as leaders, organizers. and members of scholarly and professional communities.

LILLIAN SHOLTIS BRUNNER SUMMER FELLOWSIDP FOR HISTORICAL RESEARCH fNNURSING The Lilliall Sholtis Brunner Summer Fellowship for Historical Research in Nursing will again be offered in 1993 by tbe Center f or the Study afthe ffu;tory ofNursing at the University ofPeunsylvania. Mat and Lillian BrulUler's generosity makes it possible for the Center to offer this research fellowship supporting 6 to 8 weeks ofresideJltiaI study and use of the Center's collections. Selection of Brunner scholars will be based on evidence ofpreparation and/or productivity in historical research related to nursing. Brunner scholars will work under the general direction of nurse historians associated with the Center. Research completed by the Fellows will help insure the growth of scholarly work in nursing history.

Applicants for the $2,500 Brunner Fellowship should contact Center Director loan Lynaugb at the Center or call 215-898-4502. Deadline: December 31, 1992.

A SPECIAL NOTE

We want to call your attentioD to a recent issue of Nursing Research (Volwne 41, January/February 1992). The American Journal of Nursing Company has published Nursing Research since 1952. This specia140th anniversary issue contains ten exceptional historical articles. Topics in this issue range from an introductory essay on the nature of history, and new work on the history of race relations in nursing to the complexities of twentieth-century hospital nursing.

The issue is good reading and a logical source of material for nursing history courses.

SECTION ON MEDICAL HISTORY OF TIlE COLLEGE

OF PHYSICIANS OF PHILADELPHIA The free lectures of the Section on Medical History begin at 6: 15 p.m. at the College of Physicians of Philadelphia.

All interested individuals are welcome .

If you would like to stay for an evening meal following the lectures, call David Krasner, DDS. PhD, at 215-265-3177 at least two weeks in advance.

On Wednesday. March 18 Caroline Hannaway PhD, will give an infonna­ tive and entertaining talk on •'Myths and Realities of Editing Medical History Journals." Dr. Hannaway, director of the Francis C. Wood Institute, College of Physicians of Philadelphia, will draw on her years in editing to discuss what authors should know about the subject and what problems editors confront.

On Wednesday, Apri122 Susan E. Lederer, PhD, will give the Kate Hurd Mead Lecture, co-sponsored by the Medical College of Pennsylvania. Her topic is . ,Animal Experimentation and the Politics of Gender." Dr. Lederer is an assistant professor ofRistory, Department of Humanities, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine.

VOLUNTEER NEWS

In the last issue of The Glronide we reported the acquisition of the records of the Neighborhood Visiting Nurse Association (NVNA). The collection measures ten linear feet and ranges in date from 191 2 to 1989. Center volunteer Rita Beatty has been coming in regularly to assist Center statJwith the processing of tWs collection. Ms. Beatty bas untangled the documentary web of this multi faceted visiting nurse association

founded in 1912 for' 'the bettennent of neighborhood conditions." The modem agency traces its origins back to the Neigbborhood League in West Chester, Pennsylvania, culminating in the NVNA after the absorption of various other visiting nurse associations. Through the generous gift of Ms. Beatty's time, the NVNA Records will be arranged, described, and preserved for researchers to use wben tracing home care history.

RECENT RELEASES OF INTEREST

Barbara Bates, Bargaining/ or Life : A Social HistOlY a/Tuberculosis, /876-1938 (philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, May 1992).

Tuberculosis, the most common cause of death in the nineteenth century, was a lingering illness that devastated the lives of patients and families. By the rum of this century, fears of infectiousness compounded the anguish associated with the disease.

Bates portrays the lives of tuberculous men and women as they tried to cope with the illness, get treatment, earn a living, and maintain their social relationships. Caretakers­ including relatives, clergy. physicians, and nurse -all bad their own reasons for providing help. In ways varying by class, gender, race and political influence, the sanatoriums hospitals, and visiting nurse ass ciations of the time mediated between the sick and their caretakers. Bates COnc1\ldes that although the campaign to control and cure tuberculosis had little impact on the disease, it did offer care, assuage fears of infection, and expand the welfare system. TItis book will interest scholars students, health professionals, and general readers who care about and for chronically ill people.

Naomi Rogers, Dirt alld Disease--Polio Before FDR (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, June 1992) Rogers focuses on the early years of the polio crisis, from 1900 to 1920, and then continues the story to the present. She reviews how scientists, physicians, patients, and families explained the presence of polio and how they tried to cope with it. The polio story is set in the larger context of questions about health and disease in twentieth­ century American culture.

Charles E. Rosenberg and Janet Golden, eds. , Framing Disease-Studies ill Cultllral History (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, May 1992) This collection ofnew and important essays by 15 medical historians reveals how disease has been used to frame cultural, hwnan behavior such as anorexia nervosa, chronic fatigue syndrome, or homosexuality. The historians also address diseases that are determined by public policy. such as in industrial disability. Professionals and medical institutjons also have vested interests in diseases, as is evident in the cases of tuberculosis or epilepsy. A complex and detailed overview of the defining function of disease in our society, this book will likely be required reading for all students of health history.

Deborah D. Smith, ed., The Dimy 0/ Emily Jane Hollister--Her NursiJlg Experiences, J888-1911 (Ann Arbor: Historical Center for the Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 1991) This evocative text provides a rare glimpse into the daily life of a "professed" nurse in a small turn-<>f-the-century town. The diary includes] 39 short accounts of Emily Jane Hollister's nmsing cases in Ann Arbor, Michigan. The book is available from the Historical Center for the Health Sciences, M4101 Med Sci 1, eWing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109-0608. We recommend it highly.

7

DONORS TO THE CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF THE HISTORY OF NURSING JULY Alice Fisher Society Ellen and Henry Baer Oarbara Bates Lillian Sholt is Brunner Ida R. Kaufman Joan Lynaugb Rosemary T. McCarthy Neighborhood Visiting Nurse Association Christine pagna Lillian WaJd Society f lurence S. Downs Eleanor C. Larubertsen Doris D. Poole Linda Richards SOciety

Linda Aiken Jeanne Q. Denoliel Helen K. Bowles Caroline E. Camunas Mary Elizabeth Carnegie Olga Maranjian Church Pamela F. Cipriano Dorothy 1. del Bueno Helen B. Dopsovic Patricia C. Duick Helen Edward Barbara Fox Freund Laura L. Hayman Helen Fairchild Nurses' P st 114 12 Ruth C. Herrick Eleanor F. Jenkins Jacqueline M. Jcrrehian Barbara M. Kays Dr. and Mrs. Howard 1.

Kesseler Charlo tte Kiehlkopf Nonna P. Killebrew Ann P. Knight Jan L. Lee

1, 1991 THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 1991

Mary Alice Musser Janesy B. Myers Majorie D. Pascale Wilma 1. Phipps L:lUra M. Randar Marianne T. RODcoli Thelma M. Schorr Barbara H. Strallon Dorothy E. Urda Doris Erway Wardell Mr. and Mrs. George Weinstein Tina Weintrau b Martha Wertheim Fay W. Whitney Zane Robinson Wolf Alma S. Wcolley Friends of the Center Elizn beth M. Bear E elyn Benson Nettie Bimbach Georgeanna Williams Bittner Joanna B. Brav Judith A. Briggs Brenda B. Brown Judith Caesar D' Ann Campbell Beryl B. Cleary Grace K. Coulson Marcella Davis Ellen S. DiFlorio Antoinette Em h-Dcriaz Jonathon Erleo Catherine C. Freeman Jeanne A. Frye Palmer IT. Futcher Mary Ann Galvin E. Jean Garlin Beulah M. Ghaner Lauren K. Glass Marie S. Goul urn

Elizabeth Graham Jane H. Griffith Car line Hannaway Patricia A. HeITner Edythe G. Hcss Coos1ance L. HilI Christy Nyc Hoover Jacqueline L. Kahn lane D. Keeler Charlolie IGehlkopf Marilyn G. King Edlth P. Lewis Marguerite L. Manfreda Barbara Barden Mason Margaret McMurray JeanR. Moss Beatrice R. Nelson Veronica C. O'Day Frances K. O'Neill Wendeil Oderkirk Julia B. Paparella Clara L. Park Mr. and Mrs. Walter J. Patrylow Jane Benson Pond Natalie N. Riegler Martha E. Rogers Lucille M. Savacool Alice K. Savasti o Alma E. Sheer Norma Jean Sbue Virginia R. Sicola Kathleen Smolen Nancy Theresa Snyder M rilyn N. Steadman Beverly 1). Stem Norma H. Stewart usan Brunoli Stiller Julia Talmadge Lorraine Tulman Emma S. Weigley

Marjorie H. Weisel Mary Jessica Welfare Virginia M. Wible Ruth H. Willard Center Contributors Sarah E. Alli son Eleanora Baird Ruth M. Bleakley Barbara Brodie Janet L. Bryant Lydi Clark Joan E. Coyne Eleanor L. M. Crowder Mary Carter Dorrance Sara M. Errickson Suzanne L. Feetham Josephine Feindt Alma H. Garside ¡Iorence R Gartland Matilda D. Grinevich Carol S. Helmstadter G. Lloyd IGrk Barbara Kline Charles and Maureen Letcx:ha Barbara J. Lowery Elizabeth Madeira Margaret L. McClure Gloria J. McNeal Esther 1. McNeil Mathy Mezey William H. Nace Edith Ntman Mara! Palanjian Robert V. PiClllonte Irene Resnick Doris R. Schwartz I:Wde Steppe Marion Burns Tuck Shirley K. Wil on Ethel K. Wishart

MEMBERSHIP APPUCATION TO THE CENTER FOR THE STIJDY OF THE HISTORY OF NURSING Enclosed is my check for $

; please enroll me in the following group:

_ _ _ __ Friends of the Center (Up to $49) Center Contributor ($50 to $99) _ _ _ ___ Linda Ricbards Society ($100 to $249) Lillian Wald Society ($250 to $499) _ _ _ _ _ Alice Fisher Society ($500 and Up) _ __ Please send me more infonnation about named gift opportunities. _ __ Please send me more infonnation about making a bequest to the Center.

NAME _ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ SCHOOL _ _ _ __ YEAR _ _ _ __ __ ADDRESS _ _______ ______ ____________________________________________

CITY _ _ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ _ _ STATE _ ________ ZIP _ _ _ __ __ _ Please make your check payable to the Trustees ofthe University of Pennsylvania. Mail your tax-deductible contribution to the

Center/or the Study a/the History a/Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, School ofNUISing, 307 Nursing Education Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6096.

8

CALENDAR

11'(, . II"( EVE"iT

History of Med1clne Seminars March 12, Explain ing a Modern Medical Myth: 17re Conquest ofPerniciolls Anemia March 19, flIness in Eighteenth-Centrtry Gemrany: Evidence and Meaning March 26, From Arterial Ten 'ioll to lIypertenslon : Conceptllaliztng I1Jglr Blood Pressure in Trrrll-o!-lhe-CelltIUY America April 2, Alexander Leufand tire Beginning of Baseball Medicine April 9, The Countess ofDII/Jerin Flllld alld Medical Care oJWomen ill Illdia Apri l 16, The History o/Prescripllon Drug Reglllation to 1951 April 23, "Days oJRecurring Desire' ': Patient 's Lives Inside the Illebriate Hospital, /893-1919

Thursdays (unless otherwise indicated),

12: 00-2: 00 p.m ., CadwaJader Hall, Col1ege of Physicians of Philadelphia, PA. For information call Carla Jacobs at 215 -563­ 3737. ext. 273.

Section on Medical llIstory

College of PhYSicians of Philadelphia

For a complete listing of the sem inars,

please see page 6.

American As oelatlon Cor the History f

Medicine

April 30-May 3, Seattle, W A. For informa­

tion contact J. Worth Estes at 17-638-4328.

Mid-Atlantic Regional Arc.llives Confer­

ence

May 7-9, University of Pittsburgh, Pills­

burgh, PA. For infonnation contact Richard

1. Cox at 412-624-3245.

The Fir t International Conference:

Canadian Association for the History of

Nursing and American AssOciation for the

History of Nursing

June 17-20, Saint John, New Drunswick,

Canada. Dr. Christopher Maggs, project

director of the English National Board for

Nursing. Midwives., and Health Visitors in

Center/or

the Study 0/ the History o/Nursing U"JIVER. m· F PEN 'SYLV itA Smoot OF NURSING 307

NlJRID.IG EDUC\J10~ Br1ILDING

PUI1.ADill1UA.

PA 19104-6096

London, England, will present the keynote address, Reclaiming the Past to Own 0111' Future. For further information contact Arlee McGee at 506-459-6951. xn International Congress of Archives September 6-11, Montreal, Quebec. Canada.

Held in conj unction wilh the annual

1992 TRADITIONAL PROCESSION TO Trm WOODLANDS

TI IE

CEMEI'ERV: ALICE FISHER AND

PHILADELPffiA'S NURSES REMEMBERED The tradition of the Procession dates back to the death of Alice Fisher in 1888. Regarded as a heroine for her refi mls ill patient care at the City ITospital, Philadelphia townspeople and profeSSionals alike commemorated her memory for decades a ner her death with . a procession to ner grave. With the reinstatement ofthis tradi tion in 1990, the Center Jor the Study of the History of Nursing and Philadelphia's nurses will honor Allee Fisher and S. LiUian Clayton as well as modem-day nurses this year. Such historic ligures symbol­ ize the vital and enduring quali ties of nursing history in Philadelphia.

The Procession will be held on May I , 1992. from 12:00 to 2: 00 p.m. It will begin wi th introductions at the Seho 11 of Nursing on the University ofPennsyJva­ nia campus. From there the Watson Bagpipers will lead the marche to The Woodlands Cemetery for a brief graveside ceremony and a reception in The Woodlands' ancestral Ilamilton Mansion. '{be Center welcomes all members and friends of history to this event. Please RSVP at 215-898-4 502 by April 13.

meetings ofilie Society of American

Archivists, Association of Cartadian

Archi vist, and the Associalion des

Archivistes du Quebec. For infonnation

cOntact ICA Secretariat at 514-873-3067.

Society of American Archivists

September 13-17, Annual Meeting,

Montreal. Quebec, Canada For infonnation

contact SAA at 312-922-0140.

Politics of Caring November 6-8, Health and Health Care Policy : Womell's Strategies for Clrange, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. For addit i nal information contact Jennie Perryman at 404-727-318 1.

ExmnITlo.

Third Floor Gallery

Center fOT the Study oJ the History of

Nursing

Case I: "Wlren Negro Nurses are Accept­ able to White Patients' ': The Struggle oJlhe

African-American Nllrse ill the Twentietlr

Centllry

Through August 1992.

Case 2: BeJore tire First Training Schools:

Tile Woman's Hospital oJPhiladelphia,

1861-1930

Through Pebruary 1993. This exhibition will be on display during Archival Week. May J 6-23. or information contact the Center at 215­ 898-4502.

Nursing Museum The Institute ofPennsylvanla Hospital Collection of Nllrses' School Pins, a pemWlent exhibition from the Johnson and Johnson Hospital Service Inc. For further informatIOn please call 215-829-3998 .

Mutter Museum College of Physlci2ns or Philadelphia All lli.storicai Look aJ Trauma Surgery in the Nineteelllh alld Early- Twentieth CeT/furies.

For further information please call 215-563­ 3737, ext. 24 J.

Nonp ro fi ~

O rgan. .5. Po;cage

PALO Permit No. 2563 Philadelphia, PA