Let English Penetrate All Layers of Your Brain
Franz Chandi Yachay Tech University English Language Program Yachay, Ecuador
Credits
Let English Penetrate All Layers of Your Brain Franz Chandi English Language Program Yachay Tech University Level 6 – 019 Teacher: Ercilia Delancer January 10th, 2016 San Miguel de Urcuquí, Imbabura, Ecuador
Contents 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Portfolio letter Response essay Exploration essay Interpretation essay Argumentative essay Final research project essay Additional materials Thank you letter
Portfolio Letter
Franz Chandi T2-8 Yachay Tech University UrcuquĂ, Imbabura, Ecuador December 25th, 2016 Dear Portfolio Reader: My name is Franz Chandi and this is my English Language Portfolio; it is a collection of my best work at the level six English class. My first connection with English was when I started learning English at school perhaps when I was in fifth grade. However, I used to think that I would never need to speak English until I came to Yachay. Here I realized how important this language is since it gives me access to the best communities on any topic. In October 2015, I started my studies at Yachay. One of my leveling courses was English level four. At the beginning, it was very difficult for me because I could not even fully understand what the teacher said. Fortunately, by the end of level four, I understood my teacher well; that is, I improved my understanding of English. In level five, I learned to organize my ideas and transmit them, but it was not until level six that I learned to polish my ideas and transmit them with great quality. The portfolio shows how much I have improved as an English language learner at Yachay Tech. My portfolio consists of five essays. They have these topics respectively: a response essay, a literary analysis, an interpretation essay, an argumentative essay, and a final research project essay. I could not have done them so well if it were not for the help I received from my teacher through feedbacks and from my classmates from our peer reviews. I am very proud of how well I designed and developed these documents that consequently, I am also very proud of my portfolio. This portfolio proves that I am ready to continue my academic career in English when I reach the fifth semester as well as shows how much I have mastered English. I had two goals for this semester: to deal with my fear of presentations and to deal with my difficulty writing essays. When this semester started, I was excited because this would be my last English level, so I had to give my best to demonstrate that I am worthy to finish level six English course. However, I knew that I would had to deal with two things: my fear of presentations, and my lack of imagination to write essays. For example, at level five when I presented my research paper, I spent most of the time looking at the screen to remember what I had to say. Also, I used to spend a lot of time writing essays because it was difficult for me to develop my ideas, and to create strong introductions and conclusions. That is why, my two goals for this semester were to deal with my fear of presentations, and to write high quality essays nimbly. Throughout this semester, I worked hard to meet these goals. Although my works are not perfect, I have fulfilled my goals since I notice that my writing has improved and my presentations were just acceptable, but much better than my old presentations.
For the development of my essays, first I carefully chose the subject that I was going to discuss. Then I created my thesis which included the ideas that I developed in the body of the essay. Finally, I closed with a striking conclusion. In the case of the response essay, I had to pick an article about education. Without hesitation, I chose the article “Don't Buy The Hype, College Education Is Not An Investment” because the first time I read it, I clearly imagined the examples that were explained there. So, I knew that I had a good connection with that article that I had to take advantage for my writing. In the literary analysis, I understood how important it is to seek background information about the author because it gave me more comprehension about what the author tried to transmit in his work. The interpretation essay was done in group, so here I learned to work as a team. The hardest part was choosing a work of art. Of course, I named the chosen one "The Scream." We all agreed because it has a free interpretation, so each of us saw in this painting a reflection of our negative emotions. In my case, I saw there the loneliness because it reminds me that I am away from my family. From this experience, I learned that before starting to work in group, it must be defined well what each member has to do. The argumentative essay was done in class, so I learned to work under pressure. Moreover, I understood the importance of counterclaims and refutations because having these increases the quality of a writing. And in the final research paper, I Improve my skills to use quotes and paraphrases. English level six gave me a lot of experience as an English speaker. I have improved my skills of writing hooks, introductions and conclusions. Thanks to what I read from my classmates’ essays and what I listened from my classmates’ presentations; my vocabulary has increased considerably. Also, from their mistakes, I realized some mistakes that I shared with them. As a result, my current writing does not longer have these mistakes; and I can speak more fluently than before. Moreover, my two presentations helped me a lot, specially my multimodal presentation. For this presentation, I chose a topic that is interesting for me, which is antibiotic resistance. My mastery of this topic gave me confidence, so I was not nervous anymore. For the interpretation presentation, I did not longer need a comfortable topic. I just dealt with it. Now I possess the skill of speak in public, which I had not before. From this presentation, I learned to make striking slides and how to organize my ideas for a presentation. On the other hand, I did not used these skills just for my English class. Since I could understand English as easy as my native language, I started using English information as a preferred source to do my other classes' work. Additionally, during my three English levels I made some friends and lived unforgettable moments; they also gave me experiences that made me grow as a person.
Sincerely,
Franz Chandi
Response Essay
Running head: NOT EVERYONE HAS TALENT TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF COLLEGE
Not Everyone Has Talent to Take Advantage of College Chandi Villarroel Franz Alexander Yachay University for Experimental Technology and Research
NOT EVERYONE HAS TALENT TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF COLLEGE
1
Not Everyone Has Talent to Take Advantage of College There are successful people who reached the top with a college degree and there are those who reached the top without a college degree. Therefore, a college degree is not necessary to be successful. In fact, the Director of Research at the John W. Pope Center for Higher Education Policy who is a graduate of the University of Wisconsin and Carroll Law School at Duke University, Leef George wrote the article “Don't Buy the Hype, College Education Is Not an Investment.” According to the article, college is overrated because high promotion of college is driven by higher education boosters, many people study in fields where they will not work, and is advantageous only for a small group of people. Before starting, this article is directed to high school graduates who are in the hard situation to choose their way to start working in their major field. The article informs the possible futures for each kind of student by presenting its information using cause and effect, and compare and contrast organization. Also, the article persuades high school graduates whether go to college or not according the type of student they are. Firstly, Leef argues that the high promotion of college is driven by higher education boosters (2013). However, I think the fault is mainly on previous generation people because they experienced that graduated people were more successful. So, they think that the secret of successful is in having a college degree. In a nutshell, college is overestimated because a college degree was worth for oldest generations while it cannot be assured for the present. Nevertheless, it seems like Leef hide this information to reach his argue by only blaming higher education boosters. Despite of his manipulation of the data, Leef denied many studies which promotes college making this nice point “conditions today are different, so there is not guarantee of successful by having a degree” (2013).
NOT EVERYONE HAS TALENT TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF COLLEGE
2
Then, Leef argues too many students obtain their degree in undemanding fields (2013) To explain his point, Leef makes a beautiful sequence of success. Leef states undemanding fields are chosen by students who have little interest in or aptitude for academic pursuits because they think that any degree can boost their earnings. So, those students look for the easiest majors which are oversaturated thus they will not find a job in their major (2013). From this reasoning, I think that any person who decide to study any career only for obtain premium earnings is doomed to fail because college is advantageous only for students who are sure they will work in the field for which they are studying. Finally, Leef shows that there are people for whom college is worthwhile because they concentrate on their work and substantially raises their level of knowledge and skill (2013). At this point, I want to emphasize Leef’s idea which is college is worthwhile only if graduated people find a job in their major field. On the other hand, Leef compares students obtaining a college degree with musicians buying a musical instrument when he says “When college cheerleaders say that there is an earnings premium for graduates, they make it sound just like investing in financial instruments because students think that a degree is like a financial instrument” (2013). At this point, I think Leef tried to state people who know how to profit college are like musicians who know how to profit musical instruments. In conclusion, college is overestimated because a college degree was worth for oldest generations while it cannot be assured current ones, there are undemanding fields oversaturated, and there are doubtful people who goes to college. I agree Leef’s article except his idea that high promotion of college is driven by higher education boosters as I mentioned before. In a nutshell, in order to take advantage of college, the student have to have talent to take advantage of college, just as musicians.
NOT EVERYONE HAS THE TALENT TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF COLLEGE Reference Leef, G. (2013, June 12). Don't Buy the Hype, College Education Is Not an Investment. Retrieved September 21, 2016, from http://www.forbes.com/sites/realspin/2013/06/12/dont-buy-the-hype-collegeeducation-is-not-an-investment/
Exploration Essay
Running head: THE INTRIGUING STORY OF POE
The Intriguing Story of Poe Chandi Villarroel Franz Alexander Yachay University for Experimental Technology and Research
THE INTRIGUING STORY OF POE
1
The Intriguing Story of Poe Edgar Allan Poe was a writer of the nineteenth centuries who wrote a gothic story called “The Tell-Tale Heart.” It is known that Poe had mental problems which are reflected in his main character. In his story, Poe created an intriguing story by changing the elements and using them in his favor such as not setting the characters, but balancing that by detailing every aspect of the events, and using first person with a crazy narrator. Poe does not introduce the characters which gives an open interpretation of the story because is not known the relationship between the characters, so many versions of the story are contained in this one. It depends on the reader’s imagination to be any particular. Fortunately, Poe gives us a clue when he writes: “And every morning I went to his room, and with a warm, friendly voice I asked him how he had slept. He could not guess that every night, just at twelve, I looked in at him as he slept.” (Poe, 1903). This indicates that the narrator has access to the old man’s room. Which means that the narrator is a housemate of the old man. Thus, the free interpretations of the story are reduced considerably. However, the intrigue is still there because it is not shown why they are housemates. Poe’s story is very detailed in his environment and in the narration of the events. This makes the reader ignore the lack of presentation of the characters. Also, Poe’s details increase the suspense of the story, for example when he wrote: “I stood quite still. For a whole hour I did not move. Nor did I hear him again lie down in his bed. He just sat there, listening. Then I heard a sound, a low cry of fear which escaped from the old man. Now I knew that he was sitting up in his bed, filled with fear; I knew that he knew that I was there. He did not see me there. He could not hear me there. He felt me there. Now he knew that Death was standing there.” (Poe, 1903).
THE INTRIGUING STORY OF POE
2
Here, Poe tries to transmit fear, fear that the narrator was discovered by the old man. Moreover, Poe increase the intrigue by introducing a lot of details in order to increase the length of intrigue. It is known that Poe was a lunatic person; this is reflected in the craziness of the narrator. The narrator’s craziness is demonstrated at the beginning of the story when the narrator says: “IT’S TRUE! YES, I HAVE BEEN ILL, very ill. But why do you say that I have lost control of my mind, why do you say that I am mad? Can you not see that I have full control of my mind? control of my mind? Is it not clear that I am not mad? Indeed, the illness only made my mind, my feelings, my senses stronger, more powerful. My sense of hearing especially became more powerful. I could hear sounds I had never heard before. I heard sounds from heaven; and I heard sounds from hell!” (Poe, 1903). Poe uses first person to express the madness of the narrator. Ironically, the narrator emphasize that he is not mad which shows that actually the narrator is mad. Since the story is told by the narrator, it seems like the old man is evil. This creates an intrigue about why the old man is the antagonist. However, at the end it is deduced that the old man was not evil, instead the narrator was the evil man. In conclusion, the intriguing story of Poe is made thanks to the no presentation of the characters, which is covered with the detailing of the events, and the use of the first person used in the crazy narrator. This combination of elements and the open interpretation of the story create this unique story of intrigue full of doubts for the reader.
THE INTRIGUING STORY OF POE Reference Poe, E. (1903). The Tell-Tale Heart. Retrieved October 11, 2016.
Interpretation Essay
Running head: “THE SCREAM” AS A SYMBOL OF TRAGEDY BY EDVARD MUNCH
“The Scream” As A Symbol of Tragedy by Edvard Munch Chandi Villarroel Franz Alexander, Imaicela Ordóñez Gloria Ginela, Zenteno Sanchez Jeremee Paul. Yachay University for Experimental Technology and Research
“THE SCREAM” AS A SYMBOL OF TRAGEDY BY EDVARD MUNCH
1
“The Scream” As A Symbol of Tragedy by Edvard Munch "For as long as I can remember I have suffered from a deep feeling of anxiety which I have tried to express in my art"(Edvard Munch Quotes, n.d.). With this phrase, Edvard Munch reflects the conception of his artworks through the experience of pain, hatred, love and other emotions. Edvard Munch was a renowned Norwegian painter belonging to the expressionism movement, due to the drama and intensity that include his works. His life was marked by tragedy and anguish for family losses, for that he tries to capture that in his paintings. One of his most outstanding works is " The Scream ". "The Scream" was painted in 1893 in Paris. Munch made different versions of this painting. Currently the most famous version is in the National Gallery of Oslo. All versions show a desperate man and along with him the world around him. “The Scream” is considered a symbol of tragedy due to the way in which painting is related to author's life, characteristics that involves this painting and the interpretation of each detail that composes the painting. “The scream” symbolizes tragedy and despair because it may reflect the difficult life of Munch who saw his mother and his sister die of tuberculosis. His other sister had bipolar disorder. In addition, he was educated by a fervent religious father (The Scream, 1893 by Edvard Munch, n.d.). As a result, Munch was psychologically anguished when he was developing “The Scream”. Based on Munch’s diary, Munch had his inspiration on January 22, 1892 when he was walking with two friends on a bridge. There the sunset produced feelings to Munch that caused him a panic attack. In Munch words “I stood there trembling with anxiety—and I felt a vast infinite scream through nature.” (Paulson, n.d.). So, the motivation of Munch to paint “The Scream” is the scream that he felt. Maybe that scream came from a slaughterhouse or an asylum since at that time, his mentally ill sister was hospitalized in an asylum nearby to the place showed in “The Scream” as well
“THE SCREAM” AS A SYMBOL OF TRAGEDY BY EDVARD MUNCH
2
as a slaughterhouse. So, Munch could have been motivated by the shouts of the slaughterhouse or the asylum (Shaby, 2013). The techniques used in this painting has the intention to emphasize the tragedy of this painting. For this, Munch used mixed oil, tempera, pastel and crayon on cardboard and measures are 91 cm by 64 cm. The main elements of the painting are a cadaverous person with its hands on its face simulating a scream or evading some noise with despair. In the back, there are two people who look indifferent to the situation and the scene is developed in a sad scenery in landscape of a lookout or bridge. In his work, he used warm and aggressive colors, predominant orange and blue to create a cold and sad environment. The strokes are in the form of vertical curved and diagonal lines so it can delimit each element and space that make up the painting. "The scream" uses as valuable tools the relationship between lines and colors to reinforce and transmit the feeling of anguish and melancholy in the painting. The 1895 pastel-on-board version of the painting was sold at Sotheby's for a record US$120 million at auction on 2 May 2012 (The Scream, 1893 by Edvard Munch, n.d.). “The Scream” is the second most famous painting in the world after “Mona Lisa” by Leonardo da Vinci. In addition, “The Scream” has many interpretations due to its expressive design. For example, one of they are related to nature as major figure of the painting. However, the principal interpretation is existential anguish of the modern man in the transition of the nineteenth century to the twentieth century due to great technological advances. This existential anguish is showed in the feelings of loneliness, discouragement, and desperation of “The Scream”. This interpretation has logical sense because in the picture we can see a shocking person with his eyes extremely opened who release a terrible scream; two figures on the bridge; and a boat. In fact, everything has a sense of heavy horror. In “The Scream” painting, colors try to show feelings as anguish
“THE SCREAM” AS A SYMBOL OF TRAGEDY BY EDVARD MUNCH
3
and desperation. Also, other important thing is that the painting express a sound, a scream. (Sooke, 2016) In conclusion, “The Scream” has a psychological and psychological motivation. Psychological, as it is the anxiety of the author due to his difficult childhood. Physiological, as it is the hearing of a scream coming from a slaughterhouse or an asylum. In addition, the important facts of the painting are the feelings and the sound that it express through its colors and strokes drawn. On the other hand, the painting has several interpretations due to its expressive design. The principal interpretation is existential anguish of the modern man which are his feelings of loneliness and his desperation.
“THE SCREAM” AS A SYMBOL OF TRAGEDY BY EDVARD MUNCH References Edvard Munch Biography. (n.d.) Edvardmunch.org. Retrieved 16 November 2016, from http://www.edvardmunch.org/biography.jsp Edvard Munch Quotes. (n.d.). Edvardmunch.org. Retrieved 17 November 2016, from http://www.edvardmunch.org/edvard-munch-quotes.jsp Paulson, N. (n.d.) Khan Academy. Khan Academy. Retrieved 13 November 2016, from https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/becomingmodern/symbolism/a/munch-the-scream Shaby, K. (2013). Meaning of The Scream (1893) Painting by Edvard Munch: Art Analysis. Retrieved 13 November 2016, from http://legomenon.com/meaning-of-the-scream-1893-painting-by-edvardmunch.html Sooke, A. (2016). What is the meaning of the scream? Retrieved November 14 2016 from http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20160303-what-is-the-meaning-of-the-scream The Scream, 1893 by Edvard Munch. Edvardmunch.org. Retrieved 17 November 2016, from http://www.edvardmunch.org/the-scream.jsp
Argumentative Essay
Running head: TO WHAT EXTENT DRUGS SHOULD BE LEGALIZED
To What Extent Drugs Should Be Legalized Chandi Villarroel Franz Alexander Yachay University for Experimental Technology and Research
TO WHAT EXTENT DRUGS SHOULD BE LEGALIZED
1
To What Extent Drugs Should Be Legalized Drug prohibition does not stop people to use them, so instead of doing a big effort on regulating drugs, governments should legalize drugs and take advantage of it. Since the beginning of modern drug regulation in the XIX century, too many lives were saved. However, this is not the optimal resolution; the Netherlands proved this when they legalized marijuana and did not have problems. Since then, some countries decided that the risk worth it (Baum, 2016). So, all drugs should be legalized in order to reduce the investment on drug regulation, decrease crimes related to drugs, and take advantage of drug benefits. The enforcement of drug laws is very expensive since it takes a lot of police officers who do lots of controls and investigations. On the other hand, a country with legalized drugs only requires investment on personalized treatment. In fact, according to Baum, for one dollar spent on drug treatment, eight dollars are spent on drug regulation. In other words, a country with drug legalization save 87,5% more money than a country with drug prohibition. Moreover, drug legalization allows to set taxes to drugs. Thus, it creates a huge ingress of money to the government. However, taxes should be regulated carefully in order to avoid the reawakening of the black market which sells untaxed drugs (Baum, 2016). Drug regulation will also decrease drug crimes, but for this, the selling of drugs must be regulated. For example, Portugal, which in 2001 decriminalized pot, cocaine, heroin, and the rest of the drug spectrum. Here selling drugs was directly prohibited, but the purchase and possession of up to ten days’ supply are allowed (Baum, 2016). Portugal avoid the selling regulation, but the best strategy would be to allow companies to do so. Baum argues that drug industry should be a monopoly managed by the government, so it can set the dosage and purity of products, also it could decide to what extent it wants to
TO WHAT EXTENT DRUGS SHOULD BE LEGALIZED
2
permit advertising (2016). So, the monopoly of drug industry controlled by the government will not allow the crime industry to increase. Finally, drugs have medical uses which can be exploited including current illegal drugs. In a legalized drug country, these drugs could be used to treat diseases. Thus, doctors would have a variety of drugs to give better treatment. Another advantage of drug legalization is the increase of tourists; this was the expectation of Portugal. However, it was not a big impact (Baum, 2016). In conclusion, legalization of drugs has more benefits than prohibition, so it should become a reality because it takes less money than drug regulation; it decreases the market of criminals; and it give benefits to the country such as medical uses and increase of tourists.
TO WHAT EXTENT DRUGS SHOULD BE LEGALIZED Reference Baum D. (2016). Legalize It all. Harper’s Magazine.
Final Research Project Essay
Running Head: LAW VERSUS MORALITY; OUR SOCIETY MUST BE BASED ON MORALITY
Law Versus Morality; Our Society Must Be Based on Morality Chandi Villarroel Franz Alexander Yachay University for Experimental Technology and Research
LAW VERSUS MORALITY; OUR SOCIETY MUST BE BASED ON MORALITY Abstract Law and morality have the same function; they maintain order in our society. But, the current behavioral control system has problems that avoid making a more efficient society. The solution can be related to two theoretical forms of behavioral control that has a perfect society, which are a society based on only morality and a society based on only law. It is important to study both ways to know what kind of society we want to reach in the future. However, since perfection in reality is impossible, we must take into account certain problems of the real life to obtain a form of feasible behavior control. This shows that the solution has to be a mixture of law and morality; which should be the predominant is what is studied in this essay. Keywords: behavior, law, morality, rational morality.
LAW VERSUS MORALITY; OUR SOCIETY MUST BE BASED ON MORALITY
1
Law Versus Morality; Our Society Must Be Based on Morality “When morals are sufficient, law is unnecessary; when morals are insufficient, law is unenforceable.” - Emile Durkheim. According to Steven Shavell, who is on the faculty of Harvard Law School since 1980 and has a Ph.D. in economics from MIT; law is the body of rules that is determined and enforced by the state. And, morality are the rules of conduct associated with certain distinctive psychological and social attributes. Both, law and morality are there to channel our behavior and to resolve certain adverse events. For this, Law controls us through the threat of sanctions while morality controls us by suffering guilt and disapprobation (2002). Obviously, law appeared after morality. In fact, law appeared 3000 years before Christ in ancient Egypt while morality appeared before any religion; that is why morality do not vary much across religions (Shook, 2010). However, it is time to go back to a society based on morality because morality is above law; morality is easier to spread through people; and a society controlled by morality is more efficient. Firstly, morality is above law because law cannot exist without morality since law is the formalization of morality written on documents. Also, based on the phrase showed at the beginning of this essay, which was written by the principal architect of modern social science and father of sociology, Emile Durkheim; it is derived that morality does not need law to exist, so again morality is above law. Back to Durkheim’s phrase, it follows that for law to exist, morality must exist first because law is only enforceable if morals are not insufficient. The phrase also gives the answer of what controls the behavior of a perfect society which results being morality since the morality of a perfect society would make law unnecessary. This idea is supported by Horne in his article “A Society Without Rules.”
LAW VERSUS MORALITY; OUR SOCIETY MUST BE BASED ON MORALITY
2
However, there is another answer, but to obtain that it is needed to develop another phrase from the original one, which is “When laws are sufficient, morality is unnecessary.” From this, a perfect society can also be controlled by only the law. The other half of the phrase obtained “when laws are insufficient, morality is unenforceable” is not true because it states the opposite of the idea obtained before, which is morality does not need law to exist. This idea is supported by Jay in his article “Imagine a world without law.” So, a perfect society must be controlled by only law or only morality. Moreover, according to Shavell “the existence of moral beliefs should itself influence the design of the law, given that moral beliefs constitute tastes the satisfaction of which raises individuals' welfare.” (2002). In other words, Shavell accepts that morality is older, but it does not mean that morality is above law; instead, law is an improvement of morality to ensure individuals’ happiness. Though in reality, a society can approach to perfection but never reach it. So, a society can never be independent of morality or law, it can only make predominant one over the other. Currently in our society, law predominates over morality. This is because morality in our society is not perfect, but enough to sustain law. That is why, our society needs law to compensates for people behaviors that morality cannot control. But, which one is better law over morality, or morality over law. Although both forms achieve their objective, morality has two advantages that law does not have; morality gives virtue and praise if right things are done, and gives a sense of guilt if bad things are done. Additionally, according to Shavell, if a great benevolent action is done, the virtue does not stay on the person who did it, instead it would be spread to other people who saw that action and it would share with them the desire to do those kinds of good actions. Also, if a big hateful action is done, it would happen the opposite. The people who saw that action would feel sorry for the person who did that action, and they would try to avoid those kinds of bad actions (2000).
LAW VERSUS MORALITY; OUR SOCIETY MUST BE BASED ON MORALITY
3
Secondly, morality is easier to spread through people than law because morality does not need rote learning as law; instead, morality needs comprehension. Since the study of the law is very extensive, few people know their rights and obligations. This is unacceptable since by right, everyone should have this information. However, there is a solution for a society based on morality. In one of the debates of the Socialist Party of Great Britain, Gary Jay proposed that in a society based on morality children has to study morality as another subject since it is easier than study laws (2000). Thus, every educated citizen would know all their moral rights and obligations. Back to the law, it needs a lot of specialized people because there are a lot of laws that it is impossible for a single person to know all the laws. For example, an earnest reader would need to live for over 600 years to read all the laws and regulations used in Britain in the year 2000 (Jay, 2000). That large number of laws is needed to prevent misunderstanding of the law when applied; in other words, law is universal. In contrast, morality can be different for each people, so an action can be good or bad depending on the person who judges it; it means that morality is relative. Since a perfect society needs to be impartial, it is better a society based on law than based on morality. However, there is an almost universal morality, the rational morality. This morality has a rational basis, so “moral decisions should be made rationally, taking into account the consequences of each potential choice” (Kemp, 2006). Therefore, an action would have the same moral judgement by any person because each person has to follow the same logical reasoning that they would learned in school. On the other hand, judgement by law is more mechanic, and they are limited to judge cases that are considered by the law. For example, in August of 2000, Onel de Guzman released the “I Love You” virus which caused about $10 billion in damage. He and his partner were arrested, but the agents of the National Bureau of Investigation were not sure what crime would apply. At the end, the lack of laws against intrusion into computers dismissed the charges
LAW VERSUS MORALITY; OUR SOCIETY MUST BE BASED ON MORALITY
4
against him (Chu, Dixon, Lai, Lewis, & Valdes, n.d.). This would not have been a problem for a society based on morality since it would have been judged by rational morality. Finally, a society controlled by morality instead of law, could be more efficient since some laws act even when it is unnecessary, so it is a waste of time for the affected people. These limitations, sometimes pointless, waste a person's valuable time. For example, a person waiting for the traffic light to turn green when there are no cars nearby is pointless. Moreover, morality channels our behavior better than law because moral sanctions treats more cases than law because law sanctions affect only cases presented to the institutions of justice. Also, moral sanctions make criminals reflect on his actions better than law sanctions. Additionally, morality ends all the steps for behavior regulation faster than law since morality does not follow a formal process. Instead morality begins to sanction as fast as someone realize the committed crime. On the other hand, institutions of justice may delay the lack of cooperation of citizens as Zamir and Teichman mentions “a legal system that lacks legitimacy produces community members less likely to feel morally obligated to defer to legal decisions and to cooperate with legal actors and institutions.” (2014). Nevertheless, it is better that a car waits for the traffic light to turns green than having an accident. On the other hand, Shavell points out that “Legal rules can be enforced by monetary sanctions and by imprisonment with no limit in principle while moral sanctions are much weaker than high legal sanctions.” Also, “moral sanctions are unable to prevent bad conduct through incapacitation of individuals.” (2002). Nevertheless, Morality prevents those cases by making people cautious. So, in the case of the traffic light, everyone needs to stop when it is red, but if the persons are sure that there are no cars nearby, the persons can decide to go with no moral problems with the society.
LAW VERSUS MORALITY; OUR SOCIETY MUST BE BASED ON MORALITY
5
Moreover, high legal sanctions are not necessary because they are excessive and overrated. The best example here is the death penalty. John Paul Stevens, a former associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States argues that “the death penalty creates a higher risk of error than other criminal cases and is unfair, unnecessary, and a "terrible waste" of resources.” ("Justice Stevens Says Death Penalty Unnecessary, Wasteful, and Creates Higher Risk of Error", 2015). Also, a society based on morality would have a stronger guilt caused by moral sanctions than a society based on law. Furthermore, amoral individuals are the Achilles heel of morality since they do not care about incentives or sanctions (Shavell, 2002). So, only for amoral individuals it is needed brutal force. Thus, law is required as long as these individuals continue to exist. Eventually in the future, our society surely will change from a behavior controlled by law to a behavior controlled by morality, although at the beginning it would need some laws to deal with amoral individuals. This change is needed because morality is better than law since morality can do almost everything that law can do, but having its own advantages that law does not have. Also, every citizen would know their rights and responsibilities which is a people’s right. And our society will be more efficient since rational morality avoid pointless law that waste our time. An almost perfect society based on morality is waiting for us, perhaps in the near or distant future, that depends on how good your morality is.
LAW VERSUS MORALITY; OUR SOCIETY MUST BE BASED ON MORALITY References Chu, S., Dixon, B., Lai, P., Lewis, D., & Valdes, C. (n.d.) Virus: A Retrospective - Legal Implications. Cs.stanford.edu. Retrieved 1 December 2016, from http://cs.stanford.edu/people/eroberts/cs201/projects/viruses/legal.html Horne, G. (2012). A Society Without Rules. Retrieved October 19, 2016, from http://www.americanthinker.com/articles/2012/10/a_society_without_rules.html Jay, G. (2000). Imagine a world without law. Retrieved October 20, 2016, from http://www.worldsocialism.org/spgb/socialist-standard/2000s/2000/no-1155november-2000/imagine-world-without-law Justice Stevens Says Death Penalty Unnecessary, Wasteful, and Creates Higher Risk of Error. (2015). Death Penalty Information Center. Retrieved 5 December 2016, from http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/node/6150 Kemp, A. (2006). Absolute vs. Relative Morality. Newsvine. Retrieved 1 December 2016, from http://adamkemp.newsvine.com/_news/2006/04/23/175591-absolute-vs-relativemorality Shavell, S. (2002). Law versus Morality as Regulators of Conduct. Harvard Law School. Retrieved 17 October 2016, from http://www.law.harvard.edu/faculty/shavell/pdf/4_Amer_Law_Econ_Rev_227.pdf Shook, J. (2010). Morality evolved first, long before Religion. Center For Inquiry. Retrieved 4 December 2016, from http://www.centerforinquiry.net/blogs/entry/morality_evolved_first_long_before_reli gion/
LAW VERSUS MORALITY; OUR SOCIETY MUST BE BASED ON MORALITY Zamir, E. & Teichman, D. (2014). Law, Moral Attitudes, and Behavioral Change. Northwestern Pritzker School of Law. Retrieved 17 October 2016, from http://www.law.northwestern.edu/faculty/fulltime/nadler/Bilz-NadlerLawMoralAttitudesPageProofs.pdf
Additional materials 
Photos

Link to my presentation about antibiotic resistance: http://prezi.com/s4ss09repfqy/
Thank you so much for reading my portfolio. I am sure you agree with me that now I master English, so I deserve to finish the English program and I am ready to continue my studies in English.