Marlon Puma Portfolio

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MY STRENGTH DEVELOPED IN ENGLISH

Marlon Puma Yachay Tech University English Language Program Yachay-Ecuador


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MY STRENGTH DEVELOPED IN ENGLISH BY MARLON PUMA English Language Program Yachay Tech University Level 6-004 Teacher: Daniel Beall

January 9 , 2017 IMBABURA- ECUADOR


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

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Portafolio letter

2. Response Essay 3. Exploration/ Investigation essay 4. Interpretations essay 5. Argumentation essay 6. Final research project essay 7. Additional materials 8. Thank you letter


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Marlon Guillermo Puma Torres marlon.puma@yachaytech.edu.ec Imbabura, Ecuador

9​ ​January of 2017

Dear Portfolio Reader

As in the start of every class everything began with the welcome of the the teacher and getting to know your new classmates, but the thing that was not great as in any typical first day of class was when the teacher started to tell us the assignments that we were going to do during all the semester. It seemed like we were going to work like hell this semester with all these assignments written on the slides. Accordingly, I felt a little scared not only for the hundreds of assignments that I will do if not because I did not understand so good to my teacher speaking; therefore, that combination did not make me feel comfortable in level 6 since the first day. However, this fear was mitigated during the next couple of weeks because I realized that the assignments were not too difficult to do, and also most of them were in groups; in addition, I began to understand perfectly to teacher except words that was not on my vocabulary but with the time I improved my vocabulary thanks to that, so let me tell you that there are no excuses for failure.Overall, I think that I have to pass level six because I learned a lot on this semester thanks to my effort and doing a work together. Some of the strengths that I have developed even more, is my critical ability , my caution to develop a work, my enunciation in this language and my listening. I remember that one of the first assignments that i did was the research proposal, and i have to mention this because here


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i can see my improving according to my listening; therefore, this assignment consisted only to write one page of an idea about a research that you will be doing during all the semester, and i remember that i wrote five full pages. Because of this experience, i learned that i have to follow and check the assignment sheet every time that i had a homework,but also listen to my teacher instructions; accordingly, here i learned not only to make carely my homeworks if not to listen too. On the other hand, another very funny assignment was about a real debate between my classmates in which you had to be ready with your arguments, ideas and evidence to put into consideration of others; hence, I have to thank this assignment because it let me know that i can defend an idea very strongly and with the correct words. Therefore, all those skills that i have strengthened will help me not only in english if not in other subjects as well. On the other hand, one of the most remarkable weakness that I have is the shyness when I speak in english; consequently, sometimes my ideas are mixed at the moment of expressing them through speaking . At this level of english you have to be able to speak fluently, and sometimes in my case, this skill is a little bit difficult to control because when I speak in English, I usually think a lot about words that I do not know the correct pronunciation or even I do not know what is the correct word to use. However, this weakness goes disappearing while I was talking with my teacher and classmates during the semester, maybe asking for comments or suggestions about my homeworks or just talking friendly about our life at Yachay or other stuffs. Think in English into my brain is something that i have to still practicing a lot, for change this into one of my strengths. Additionally, I have to be conscient myself that I have not yet developed all the skills for get a perfect english; therefore, i have to still practicing English and pay attention to the advices of my teachers. But the good news is that during my process of learning this language


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I always will have the most great and professional teachers to help me improve my English. For instance, in this semester one advice that I want to share is by Professor Daniel Beall, and I think that it could be very helpful for other languages too. It consists in listen at least three times your favorite tv show, the first time have to be in your native language, the second time you have to put the tv show in the idiom that you want to learn but with subtitles and finally the third time you have to listen the tv show completely in the idiom that you are learning. I begun to practice this advice but this is a large process that obviously will make get me good results. The comments and advices by our teachers always are going to be the best in order to improve our ways to learn and reach more goals. Ultimately, always the way of learning is going to be full of ups and downs because this way is not easy to follow, and learning a new language could not be the exception. During this semester that passed very quickly I have learned a lot about this language because in this class I improved a lot my writing, speaking and other essential skills that now I am able to put into practice in my daily life thanks to the helping of my teacher with his instructions and also my classmates with their good comments. Therefore, I have to give the thanks to those people who made possible my goals reached on this semester with my english. Although, my knowledge in this idiom is not complete yet, I am going to practice and learn more and more of English during all my career with amazing teachers that always will be there for teaching me.

Thank you for the attention paid to the present and cordially your server is warmly dismissed

Sincerely,

​Marlon Puma


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RESPONSE ESSAY


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Humans Enhancements Marlon Puma Yachay Tech November 29​th​, 2016


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RESPONSE ESSAY ABOUT HUMANS ENHANCEMENTS Consider a world in which we do not have electronic devices or medicaments; therefore, how can we cure our illnesses or develop our work efficiently? .Accordingly, just we have to remember how our ancestors worked in the past and consider if we want to do that again in the same way. Accordingly, in the article “The Ethics of Human Enhancementâ€? written by Andy Miah, it tries to explain the fact that probably nobody consider nowadays, which is are humans ready to adapt to the technology changes? (2016). It made mention about we need to advance in technology because that is our human nature; in fact, we have created medicaments and technology as apps that help us in our job or studies, and in general many things usefully. However, it sometimes removes human essence because we are depending on external factors to reach something. I agree strongly with Miah´s concerns, but I believe that hypothetical cases that he uses to introduce examples about uses of technology do not have much relation with the daily life of people. One of the most interesting facts that I read on this article was about that humans are entering a "trans-human" era, and it made me think about the fact that there is no thing in which technology is not immersed in our daily life. Indeed, it is absolutely truth because that era means that the technology is advancing a lot in terms of our health both physically and mentally; accordingly, we have seen some advances in medicine or in the case of our jobs a lot of devices that make easy our jobs. However, those benefits that bring us the technology, since the ethical view does not look good; for instance, consider an athlete that is preparing for a career, and he decided to drink some supplements for increase his performance and mass in less time that take others so he competes and he obviously will win. Therefore, he made less effort than other people to win; accordingly, this since the ethical point of view is really bad looked because supplements decreased the effort to achieve something, and also that person did not make his own effort. Moreover, the article have considered an interesting fact that made mention about people who works on biology fields is playing as a god, and this is an important point to discuss because this field has a


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lot of controversy caused principally by the religion. Before to read this article I already knew that biologists work basically in life, and it is obviously that when you are working with it you will arrive to a point in which you have the knowledge to simulate life, and after you are able to create real life that is the case of incubators of cells. Accordingly, I am agree with these studies because the interest of humans is to know how we are formed or why we exist, and if nobody decided to study that or as people says “play as a god� we never will know the reasons of our life. Therefore, this fact has a lot of controversy around the world as we said by religion but in my thinking we have to do that because we have a lot of question and these studies could have the answer. On the other hand, the article consider the fact that humans need of policies to stay agree or disagree with some advances in technology and apply to life of humans. After read this part of the article I was really disconcerted because I have never thought about who decides that policies or even if there are policies about the uses of technology, and if there is, this is knowledge of few people but not of the world. Indeed, if there are policies how humans created them? Because around the world we have different thoughts and religions, so how we could have reached an agreement on the application of technology. Accordingly, probably that agreement or these policies never happened and that is the reason why some countries as U.S.A or Russia, which are potencies, are more advanced in terms of everything. In addition, policies about enhancement of humans could be a great step or maybe a big break in the advance of technology, and probably for these reasons each country decided to apply policies only in their country and work individually. In conclusion, we can say that technology is really important for us as humans because we are in constant changes, and we have to adapt to these changes or if we can stay one step ahead. On the other hand, we have to consider that technology is principal attraction around the world, and that is obviously because consider anybody who does not use technology, probably we cannot find a person who is not using devices or drinking medicaments for his health. Accordingly, we always will need of technology to improve our selves but not everything is perfect because to apply technology all the people need to stay agree with these applications and probably this is a little bit hard to get


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agreement of people because everybody have different thoughts so it is probably that some people will not so stay comfortable with applications of some technologies; for instance, morning after pill which is used to avoid pregnancies. Hence, I agree with all the advances that technology brings because as we said humans are in constant change so we have to adapt to that changes because we cannot stop in our improving; on the other hand, there will always be people who will not agree with advances but it does not mean that they different because they just choose that way of living, and if they are happy living so, that is welcome; in addition, nobody tells you how to live or accept something probably these points of view are the causes of many controversies and wars.

References


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Miah, A. (2016,​ ​September 8). ​Ethics issues raised by human enhancement. Retrieved from https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/en/article/ethics-issues-raised-by-humanenhancement/?fullscreen=true


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INVESTIGATION ESSAY

INFLUENCE ETHICS IN EXPERIMENTATION ON HUMAN EMBRYOS


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Nowadays we live in a reality in which technology developed by humans is advancing a lot over time with the purpose to solve and try to understand more about many enigmas that have the universe, and also to make easy our way of living. In fact, we have a lot of sophisticated mechanic things; for instance, we have developed computers, satellites, cars, and many other stuffs that we use a lot in our daily life either by profession or entertainment. However, technology is not only very advanced in that area if not also is developed in many studies for improve our knowledge about life; hence, with those investigations we try to solve many questions that never found only one answer; for instance, what is life? Why the shape of a human has to be so? Or how works human body inside and outside? Therefore, we try to solve all those enigmas that brings life with it but it is not a very easy process because all the things that we know now, about life, took a lot of time to humans to confirm theories about it through experimentation; moreover, these theories with the time the majority of cases could stay in constant change because every day scientists get new theories. Hence, if we talk about that getting a knowledge is a process, probably we can wonder Âż what process is it? Well if we talk about life obviously we have to study living organisms and always we have to start from the most little particle because life is formed by a lot of little cells and in these cells that we have, there are more components that make it work the body of each human in different ways. However, Scientists always begins with a hypothesis, and this process to check that hypothesis is so laborious and sometimes it results in great things or waste of time. Therefore, to check if the hypothesis is correct or wrong, we have to experiment with reality because we have not gotten the knowledge that we have now, about life, with simple suppositions and put them as truth; in fact, as we said we have to work with living organism as plants, animals and nanometric organisms; accordingly, we have to analyze body humans for understand it too but Âżwhat happen when we have to study humans?


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Study how works humans is really important to solve a lot of problems because thanks to it we have accomplished develop cures for illnesses or medicaments. As a lot of people know no person can experiment easily with humans it does not matter if it is for a good reason; hence, for do that a person or a scientist need approbation to do any experiment with humans and also it does not matter if the person body is dead, scientist need a permission for make any experiment. However, recently science is applying new methods to study humans to avoid all these process and permissions that need for work with body humans and they are experimenting with embryos because is too easy to get one because those could be freeze and they use them at any time to experiment but surely according to the way of thinking of each person we can wonder Âżhow important is this? Then this is motive of discussion in scientist community because according to the article Kristina Hug which says that “human individuality begins with the fusion of ovum and sperm so that the zygote is unique from the genetic point of view, already contains in itself the full potential of the individual ontogenetic developedâ€? (2005) in simple words it says that since the fusion between ovum and sperm there is own life. Therefore, since the point of view ethical scientist are experimenting with life of an embryo the only difference is that embryo cannot say anything and cannot protest for his manipulation with no permission. There are three motives why scientist are experimenting with embryos. Firstly, scientists are using embryos to experiment for therapeutic purposes. Because embryo shows a lot of possible causes that produce sterility. This is possible because the embryo is so young, and is the precise moment in where meiosis that in involves with cellular division in gametes is taking place and so can be analyzed. In fact, scientists can investigate and look for answers about genetic abnormalities and other explications about the first years of living of the babies, and also they are solving illnesses caused by the bad replication about the DNA


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because scientists are looking the way to correct genetic diseases. The department that is worried and experimenting a lot on this subject is molecular biology, and it has helped a lot to solve many diseases of humans, but now thanks to it, scientists are opening doors to manipulation of DNA but probably it is like play as a god, so people is wondering and specially religions about if it is correct to have that possibility. Secondly, as we said Humans are learning a lot about life, and that is other motive that inspires scientists to do it because humanity is getting a lot of knowledge. Therefore, they chose to experiment with this because in the past they only used embryos of different species of animals but over the year they discovered that in some cases we do not have same DNA encoding; hence, for that reason they needed experiment with real things about humans, and that is our own DNA encode. In fact, that manipulation of this embryos is opening doors in a future no so far make possible cloning a complete human but now they are making possible organ cloning that is still in improvement. Manipulate this we cannot deny that it has been a great help to continue innovating our world but starting by ourselves. Finally, at this time we have industrial motives, as I said in the other paragraph this studies are opening the possibility to make organs; therefore, if scientist can improve their techniques to manipulate the code that have an embryo, they can make embryo banks with the purpose of using in transplanting of tissues for give a solution to diseases as Parkinson, which is a neurological disease of serious consequences, so with those studies we can safe, cure or help a lot to other people since they born. Also, we can have a revolution in cosmetic industry and food industry as well. In fact, it could improve not only the life but also the economy of a country. In conclusion, we have showed you some reasons of why experiment with embryos could bring many benefits in our economy as a country or it could improve our style of living


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which is the purpose of the technology. However, we mentioned that this experimenting is taking problems because a lot people do not like the idea that they are manipulating life not only like a god but also they are manipulating the life of a person who cannot defend. In fact, people is not agree with this since the ethical point of view because people may imagine that scientist are killing a baby or a human but it is a lit bit hard to take a decision to Approve this or not because we can safe thousand not only thousands if not millions of life through cures created thanks to that experimenting, and not just that if not improve the way of living of a lot of people who suffers an illness of any kind. Accordingly, this is a decision of people but we have to consider that it could bring many benefits to humanity but this could be motive of discussions with religions, laws or anything and that is not the purpose to technology.


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References Doerflinger, R. (12 de June de 2003 ). ​United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. Obtenido de Public Policy Regarding Human Embryo Research: http://www.usccb.org/issues-and-action/human-life-and-dignity/stem-cell-research/pu blic-policy-regarding-human-embryo-research.cfm Espejo, R. (2002). ​Human Embryo Experimentation. San Diego . U.S.A: Book Editor. Hug, K. (2005). ​Sources of human embryos for stem cell research. Lithuania. Knowles , L. (s.f.). ​International Perspectives on Human Embryo and Fetal Tissue Research. United Satates: Hastings Center. Miah, A. (8 de September de 2016). ​MIT Technology Review . Obtenido de The Ethics of Human Enhancement: https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/en/article/ethics-issues-raised-by-human-enhanceme nt/?fullscreen=true Ruiz, M. (2002). ​Embryonic stem cell research: the relevance. Spain: University of Navarra . Obtenido de www.medscimonit.com


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INTERPRETATION ESSAY


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​Interpretation essay Group members: Carlos Lopez Enrique Arrobba John Goyes Marlon Puma

Yachay Tech


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BOHEMIAN RHAPSODY “Rhapsody is one of those songs that has a fantasy feel about it. I think people should just listen to it, think about it, and then decide for themselves what it means to them” ​said Freddie Mercury about his creation, one of the best songs in the history of modern music. Being a combination of several musical styles, “Bohemian Rhapsody” marked a clear differentiation between the songs of the time and it placed in the top of the UK Singles Chart for nine weeks. After the death of Freddie Mercury in 1991, the song returned to the first place in the UK Singles Chart, with a total of 2 176 000 copies and becoming the third best-selling single of all time. This epic song was written entirely by Freddie Mercury in 1975 in the album A Night at the Opera. According to the guitarist Brian May, much of Queen's material was written in the studio, but this song "was all in Freddie's mind" before they started. The lyrics of this song are shrouded in mystery, since Mercury refused to explain its composition, saying only that it dealt with relationships. Although the lyrics of this song are very ambiguous and in general this song is complex and confused, we could see that Bohemian Rhapsody represents an irreverence for following the rules of a typical song with a single rhythm, breaking the schemas of the musical tradition of the time. The song consists of six sections: introduction to acapella, ballad, guitar solo, opera, rock and coda or final. This format, with abrupt changes of style, tone and tempo is unusual in rock music. The introduction is a superposition of four tapes with the voice of Freddie Mercury​. Then the piano starts the ballad section in Bb major tone with the powerful voice of the vocalist. ​According to Rolling Stone magazine, the guitar solo of Bohemian Rhapsody has been considered one of the best in the history of the rock, due to creativity and energy of Brian May. After May's solo, the song becomes a piece of opera, which is quite unexpected


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in a 70's rock song. For the final part, the rock style starts and the electric guitar begins to carry the baton of the musical piece. In this way the beautiful bohemian rhapsody is composed, which marked a point of inflection in the music of the seventies. When Freddie Mercury released his song, he never gave declarations about the meaning or symbolism of the song, however we can see some of them. In the final part of the opera section, the vocalist says: “​Mama mia let me go”, which is a symbolism of a call for freedom towards his couple Marie; so in this line Mercury is saying something like “Marie let me go” Hence, let's consider first the opinion of some fans that describe the song as the symbol of his bisexuality but other says that the song symbolizes his childhood frustrations. Also, we can not forget about the lyrics because the lyrics is another controversy of this song because sometimes it does not follow the same meaning throughout the song or sometimes it is not obvious for the people but obviously the author want to symbolize something that could be freedom, madness or repulsion by the rules; nobody knows because he never talks about this. Hence, the meaning and symbolism of this song could be interpreted in many ways by people but always the lyrics and the mix of some rhythms in this song will be a good combination no matter what it may represent. However, this song is a little bit hard to understand what it is trying to say specifically, because the song contains a mix of rhythms as we mentioned but also the lyrics could be hard to interpret too. Therefore, I will put to the reader some points for which the song is hard to understand. Firstly, at the beginning of the song if we advance for the first lines to give a meaning to the whole song, we could say that the song relates the regrets of a son before a crime that he did; in this way, during the song he is telling about the crime to her mom and also he gave a farewell to his friends but this happen only in 2:07 min after that the


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song takes other way. In the next minutes we can hear opera in which we could interpret that in the lyrics he still keeping the guilt but at this time he is expressing his guilt to a group of people that probably are judging him; accordingly, we can hear in the song “no,we will not let you go” and others saying “ let him go” for this we can interpret that he is looking to be forgiven. Since the minute 3:12 we can hear that the song takes an unbridled and erratic rhythm in which anyone can feel an electricity around the body caused by the guitar solo which is consider as the 20th best of all time (Blackett, 2012); hence, in the lyrics a man opposes a certain humiliation on the part of a woman and asks euphorically for freedom from this. Moreover, in the last minutes the song takes a rhombus with rhythm of ballad in its letter describes the total relevance of the situations of the life and in his last phrase "anyway the wind blows" we interpret that it means that in any way the course of life continues, it does not matter what you do. Hence, if we analyze this song very carefully we can have a lot of interpretations because I think that's the work of the song. In conclusion, for sure Bohemian Rhapsody represents an irreverent song because Freddie Mercury with this rhythm broke the schemas of the music at there time. In only one song we can find a few different type of music as rock or ballad without forget the opera that appears there. The interpretations that people can bring to this song are a lot and everyone could be right but the only certainty thing is that this song was created at all in the head of Mercury by his imagination. So too, there are many symbolism in the meaning of phrases or the story that the song told to us. These symbolisms can represents freedom, madness or repulsion depending from who is listen to the song. But because of Mercury never explain the song we never going to know what is the really intention of the author. However and finally no doubt that this song marked a point in musical history because this song breaks all the music schemas known at these time.


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​References Blackett, M. (16 de April de 2012). ​Guitar Player . Obtenido de http://www.guitarplayer.com/miscellaneous/1139/brian-may-still-reigns-as-the-king-o f-tone/21990


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ARGUMENTATION ESSAY


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Final research project essay


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The Influence of Ethics in Experimentation with Human Embryos Marlon Puma Yachay Tech


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Abstract Nowadays we live in an age in which technology developed by humans is advancing a lot over time in order to solve and try to understand many mysteries that have our planet and therefore life inside this. Actually, we have created a lot of sophisticated things to please ourselves; for instance, we have developed computers, satellites, cars, medicines for our health and many other stuffs that we use for making easy our life. However, in this essay will analyze one of the most controversial scientific advances around the world, since his research includes experimenting with human lives. those research have the secret to cure many diseases, but on the other hand those investigations are very attacked by the methods that scientists have to employ; accordingly, this kind of research is not allowed to practice in a free way around the world, by many perceptions that own humanity has created as the religion. On the other hand, science seeks its deep research because some of the principal reasons to investigate this is to understand how works and how we could use the stem cells that the embryos have in their cellular material.


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The Influence of Ethics in Experimentation with Human Embryos Imagine that you are able to prevent that a baby acquires or is born with some hereditary disease contracted by one of his parents? This is possible to predict, and therefore avoid, thanks to the manipulation of embryos. Investigations with embryos turn out to be very controversial topic inside the subjects of science, especially in molecular medicine because experimenting with embryos has opened the doors to many issues in life that can be solved and improve thanks to the studies of embryos. But on the other hand, it has a high moral impact into society because of alleged crime against human embryos; in fact, those studies according to some people should not be practiced because scientists are manipulating real human life. In this way, according to Kristina Hug, who wrote “Sources of Human Embryos for Stem Cell Research​” said that “The destruction of embryos in connection with in vitro fertilization treatment as well as abortion have been practiced for some time, and no special change in the way we view the value of human life has been observed” (2015). This is one of the the principal facts why some people is not agree with the fact of experimenting with embryos. Overall, experimenting with embryos has helped us to advance a lot in medical studies, however, to many, experimenting with an embryo means manipulating a vulnerable being, so this will inevitably become one of the most important ethical issues in the future of scientific research. There are countries in which is legal to manipulate embryos in order to improve methods of molecular medicine or learn more about early life of a human. According to Lori Knowles who is the author of “International Perspectives on Human Embryo and Fetal Tissue Research” she observed that around the world there are some countries that are more advanced in techniques to manipulate embryos but they can not apply those techniques freely if not with some conditions;for instance, only uses embryo for investigate serious diseases,


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embryonic genetic research and artificial fertilization techniques (2000). Therefore, Some of the principal countries that are practicing those moderate investigations are United States, United Kingdom, Denmark, Finland and Portugal. However, it is really important to consider if those countries could be the only ones in future years in investigate embryos; therefore, this is a really controversy because not all the world agrees with those investigations. On the other hand, science has not always become science, getting all people happy with science investigation and the methods that are necessary to apply for get new knowledge.For instance, consider the case of experimenting with animals for someones it is something necessary but for others it is something unforgivable. Hence, maybe we are wondering about why those countries are the only ones that are investigating embryos? it is because other countries have some factors that do not allow to make freely those investigation. Some of the most important factors could be economics, religion, politics and also laws that each country has about this topic. However, it does not mean that these countries before named have forgotten human rights or the respect for human life, they have been very careful to allow research that also entails the preservation of life that arises at molecular level. From the moment that a life occurs at molecular level, it is subject to protection because it has human rights and even more they are vulnerable. IN Recent years, researchers decided to apply new methods to study humans, this method is to experimenting with embryos because on those there are early stem cells whose are a topic is of the million of dollars into biology since they could have the secret to be able to cure some neurodegenerative diseases among others that until the moment they have not had cure. Embryos are more easy to get since those can be frozen and they use them at any time to experiment. But, according to Richard Doerflinger, who is the author of “Public Policy Regarding Human Embryo Research�, he mention that the restrictions with manipulation of


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embryos are based on some pillars as: the theological, the scientific-biological status, the philosophical status, the legal status and finally the bioethical status (2003). Not all work around the world but those are some of the reasons why experimenting with embryos is not freeto do; although, they have the solution to many issues. Policies are born around these motives, these are probably applied differently in each lab, so perhaps these motives mentioned above are key to understand why in some laboratories they are less developed in issues of embryo manipulation.On the other hand,as we said the early life that is generated between the union of the gametes, contains secrets that can help with advances to science but especially in the subjects of medicine. Embryos can be used to discover new cures for diseases that are incurable at the moment, but these investigations lead to ethical problems because not everyone agrees with that. For instance, with the research of embryos we can treat and even cure sterility or any neuronal disease; indeed, scientists are using embryos to experiment for therapeutic purposes because stem cells have the potential to solve many diseases of some areas of our body. Embryos have early stem cells which are of great importance because within their benefits we find that they have unlimited benefits, for now it has come to know that the mother cells are autogenerated, have the ability to repair cells or replace them with specialized cells, with the lastest use mentioned only imagine that we can cure the cancer (Hug, 2005). Therefore, many researchers have mentioned that embryos can have many secrets for medical purposes; accordingly,nobody do not deny that these investigations can provide us with much information and improvements but for the moment their inadequate research can result in legal and social problems. The possible cures or treatments derived from research with embryos and their stem cells will have to wait because they are only at an initial stage of all


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the potential that could be harnessed for humanity and also for the moment it has much limits for their investigation. This research is only in its beginnings; therefore, it is possible that in a near future researchers will begin to investigate more closely the human embryos, of course this means a reform in the existing policies with respect to their experimentation because for the moment if we want results about those experimentations, we have to be aware that those are limited by our own laws derived by human rights. Some places in the world are beginning to investigate embryos but now they are understanding that the policies to protect embryos have to be reformulated because they can not advance more in their investigations with the laws of nowadays. For instance, Since the United States returned to experiment with embryos, practices that were banned in the Nixon government, thanks to the government of President Obama were remanded the research but without federal funds, researchers from USA have started to look for new policies that allow them to experiment with new embryos because nowadays they are working with frozen embryos of years ago. Hence, Science still advancing year for year, and for fortune or disgust of some people, investigating with embryos is a fact that we will see in the futures years. However, it does not mean that embryos will be sacrificed, it is not so because researchers are looking for techniques to do not attack embryos life. However, we have to consider that investigation with embryos in an abstract way leads to scientist attack human life. According to K Devolder who is the author of the article ​Creating and Sacrificing Embryos for Stem Cells while tried to explain the fact that “while it is true that the purpose of science is not only to understand things around us but also to watch over the harmony of humanity� (2005). When science tries to attack humanity itself, where are our human principles? The case of manipulating embryos is very similar to the case of weapons because


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it arises by own investigations by humans, and whose purpose is to kill other humans. In fact, the principle remains in the experimentation of embryos because we are sacrificing other humans with our own hands; in fact, human beings that can not defend themselves.. Is this what science actually intends in the future, to take advantage of defenseless beings? In addition, we have to be aware of the fact about if one day scientists achieve their goals with the experimentation of the embryos, probably these may only benefit people with the capacity to afford them, since nobody guarantees us that it will be accessible for all. On the other hand, no one guarantees us either that these lives are being used profitably because sometimes a research could have unexpected results. According to Andy Miah who wrote the article ​The Ethics of Human Enhancement said “Recent scientific advancements increasingly allow humans to improve everything from memory to appearance. But those capabilities come with questions about how they should be used, and who should make those decisions� (2016). Accordingly, this argument by Andy Miah is a fact that has a lot of relevance about this case because embryos could have secrets for develop new cures or more things for our benefit, but the thing is if everybody around the world is in agreement with those investigations or is this just a decision of the more developed countries. Why does it have to be so? Humans are living beings and according to laws we must respect the life of every living being on this planet;therefore, it deserves respect and also when you experiment with embryos you are experimenting with real life and without consent.Accordingly, this is a step that whole world have to worry because all we are humans and live in the same planet with the same rights. As we mentioned, there are places that are already investigating the human embryos, but these are subject to policies that preserve human life because it is considered "life" since the moment that the gestation occurs between the ovum and the sperm. These investigations


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are trying to discover new cures for diseases; in this way, many times it is very unfortunate for scientists that their research is limited by the policies to which they are subject.However, science over the years has never been slowed down, so in not too distant future there could be more depth research of embryos, but for that there must be a reform of the policies of experimentation with embryos. Hence, consider the most probably fact that humans could be able to prevent futures diseases in the next generations of humans thanks to embryos; in this way, investigation with embryos do not sound too bad because it could help us to make better our way of living by not having many diseases to worry about. This legacy could be the best herited for our children and their future generations. On the other hand, Humanity has always depended on medical studies throughout history for that reason is that it must always be in constant research to be able to advance, but there are techniques as the experimentation of embryos that in some way attacks the life of a human; thus, by this for its pros and cons will be a controversial issue for many years until their total and free practices.


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References Doerflinger, R. (June 12, 2003 ). ​United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. Retrived from: http://www.usccb.org/issues-and-action/human-life-and-dignity/stem-cell-research/pu blic-policy-regarding-human-embryo-research.cfm Espejo, R. (2002). ​Human embryo experimentation. San Diego . U.S.A: Book Editor. Hug, K. (2005). ​Sources of human embryos for stem cell research. Lithuania. Knowles , L. (2000). ​International Perspectives on Human Embryo and Fetal Tissue Research. United States: Hastings Center. Miah, A. (September 8, 2016). ​The ethics of human enhacement.MIT Technology Review. Retrieved from https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/en/article/ethics-issues-raised-by-human-enhanceme nt/?fullscreen=true Ruiz, M. (2002). ​Embryonic stem cell research: the relevance. Spain: University of Navarra . retrived from www.medscimonit.com


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ADDITIONAL MATERIALS


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PICTURES


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OTHER WORKS


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Days have passed and I am grateful for every new experience I have been through. Despite having highs and downs I have to thank my friends and teacher. They were who supported me every day, no matter what the situation was I always counted with them to help me. Ultimately, one valuable lesson I have learned and will always keep in mind from now on is that learning English is a long process and never ends.

SINCERELY,

MARLON PUMA


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