Luis Alberto Calderon Salas. 24 Yachay Way Yachay Tech University Urcuqui, Ibarra, Ecuador December 8,2016 Dear Portfolio Reader
My name is Luis Calderon. I am really grateful having the opportunity to share this paper with you, and thanks a lot for reading my English Language Portfolio. It clearly shows the process of learning English as my second language. It has helped me grow and develop my skills as a speaker of English as a second language. My portfolio compiles four essays, a reflection letter, and a research project done during the sixth level of English. I feel ready to follow the next steps to get my goals. Firstly, I have to be honest when telling you that at the beginning I didn’t like English; but after I started a Bilingual School named “Pensionado Atahualpa” in Ibarra; everything changed. I knew that I was a skillful boy who could learn it easily. Luckily I also had the opportunity to travel to Europe and Asia, when I was there I really felt disappointed since I poorly could get some of the language; it was fair enough for me to understand the importance of learning English so I came back to my country determined to face the challenge. In the beginning of my learning, there are some learning problems in English, but I had relatives and friends who knew the English language, and helped me a lot. Now I can proudly talk about my starting mistakes which were a lot, but with the help of the feedback that I received from my teachers and my peers I learned a lot, and of course they were gradually diminishing. I had multiple problems from the beginning with diseases, also the return to my city every day and new enriching experiences for my personal life that took time in my studies; consequently, for these reasons, I must acquire a better disposition to study English throughout my life. Please take the time necessary to read my reflection for more details. Consequently, day by day I have discerned how important is to be a proficient English speaker especially when we live in such a technological world, being English the language of science, art, entertainment and especially of education. Language is the par excellence tool of education in all studies because all educational events: class exhibitions, lectures, dialogues, readings, assessments, teacher-student interactions and these among themselves, in a word, the whole process of construction of meanings, which is the distinguishing feature of human learning, pass by language.
Secondly, when I decided to start my studies at Yachay Tech University I had set my goal of learning English; so, when I am in my sixth level of the language I have to thank to my dear teacher Ercilia Delancer, who has been of great support and help in this process. In this level a I got a great number of new vocabulary. It has taught me how to think more creatively and use clear concrete details. Undoubtedly the four topics of my essays have been correctly chosen, when I started to write them, of course I found it difficult to flow, but with the right support and the correct research I wrote it effortlessly since those were subjects of my interest. One of the strongest skill I straightened was the ability of working in groups; I know now how important is to cooperate in a group work or to accept others’ opinions and collaboration. In the second place but not less important I want to tell you that I learned to consolidate my communication skills in public. It was one of the hardest activities for me, sharing my work in front of all of my classmates and my teacher, but now I can say that I have a great command in that issue- controlling my stage fright. Seeing that university is always encouraging us to develop our skills in doing research, my research paper is my favorite work; it was harder, yet interesting and inspiring. I found out many new facts about ‘Cloning’ the most important fact I would like to disclose here is that Cloning describes a number of different processes that can be used to produce genetically identical copies of a biological entity. It can be of great help for the humankind. Although I have reached new levels of knowledge thanks to the English program offered by Yachay Tech University, I will always have to improve and practice English by reading academic books to find out more about my studies; in this way, I will reinforce my proficiency in this great language; so as to keep my speaking skills I plan to get in touch with native English speakers too. I thank all my English instructors in the past and I greatly thank to Ercilia Delancer my English instructor, who turned my weaknesses into strengths. Many thanks again to you for reading my portfolio. I did it with great dedication and effort, and I hope you enjoy it a lot. I hope you agree that I reach a higher level in English As a Second Language, and I am ready for the next challenges that Yachay aims. Gratefully
Sincerely, Luis Calderon
Self-Education New Perspective of Education Luis Calderon Yachay University of Experimental Technological Research
Self-Education New Perspective of Education “Self-education is, I firmly believe, the only kind of education there is�-Isaac Asimov. Formal education will help you acquire better knowledge, but self-education will open up a new panorama of possibilities. Scott H. Young has written over 1000 articles and also free books. He studied topics related with the area of programming at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and in addition, he learned four languages in one year. He left his studies and now he believes in self-mastery and increasing his human capital. Self-education has an important impact in a better development of knowledge and skills to apply these in the real world. Education based on Institutions or self-taught which is the best option, contrast between selfeducation and formal education which is most needed in a changing world and self-education step by step to achieve excellent results. First, leaving conventional education systems for a planned education is the dilemma. Till clarified in the video that the prospects of the students in the beginning of their studies they think that the university will be full of teachers who are excellent and that the university will consistently facilitate a University title. The personal experience of him is related to the contrary the professors of the University do not fulfill the expectations of preparation for the professional life. (Till,2014). Universities do not prepare people with the skills necessary for their jobs, so he says that in order to be good at something people should develop their skills or abilities in a way A process of improvement is necessary and this happens through other people who have higher levels of knowledge. This can be achieved through small favors for people from whom it is necessary to learn, for example the practice of internships and this could end in becoming a successful person and starting a business. In the beginning any career is more necessary to learn
that obtaining money after the increase of the first will have as a result a better economic benefit. Another important feature is finding the passion to work, but this is an achieved through new experience, failures and interests. "The most important decisions in your academic life are what you learn and how you learn. “All these strategies serve to escape the formal education methods. (Till,2014). Second, Conventional methods of education versus self-education in today's media. Selfeducation can lead to very high levels of knowledge if applied suitably (Young, 2010). The problem of self-educated people is that they think that their studies are replaceable with a professional degree. Formal education provides certain skills not offered by self-education. The success of self-education is based on the consistency and persistence. The article expressed the idea that most self-educated people fail because they acquire more responsibilities than those given in educational institutions, increasing levels of stress (Young, 2010). The model T of Ben Canoscha references a very low level of understanding in different subjects that are called the “Width of your T” and a set of skills to become an expert called the “Straits of T” (Young, 2010). The top of the T focuses on learning a bit of everything but not becoming an expert in a certain topic, whereby self-education is not very important. In the area of programming is constantly evolving so what you learn today the day tomorrow will become obsolete so is vital the self -education. Ever is necessary that ideas take forms applicable for example in the area of programming with the development of new projects (Young, 2010). Self-education is very important and further deepens knowledge in the world, which is based on the constant renewal of information. The world is based on information that is constantly renewed, so it is very important to be a self-taught (Till, 2014).
Perspectives for self-education in an adequate and successful way. As in educational institutions as in self-education it is necessary to plan schedules or curricula. “Think of it like having a map when you’re in an unfamiliar country. No, you don’t need to follow it dogmatically, getting lost can be part of the fun. But having a map with you ensures you don’t stay lost permanently” (Young, 2010). Self-education should always set goals and be focused on the objectives is very necessary for proper learning. There are the possibilities that certain subjects are not learned in a self-taught way, so it is necessary to attend in a complementary way to formal classes. A very important factor is self-discipline and this is the reason why many selftaught people fail, differing significantly from the assignments sent in schools and universities. But if you’re going to sustain the motivation to complete a deep self-education curriculum, application must be put first. Professional life requires a lot of practice and this is a process from the lowest to the top requires constant effort (Till,2014). Otherwise, it is too easy to lose sight of the big picture and stop learning. People who achieve their goals are those who have a passion for what they do and they are seriously committed. In conclusion, Self-education can be more productive than attending a university. Being competitive in the professional world is no longer based on having a career, a master's degree and having graduated with honors, Self-education can lead to the achievement of new levels of learning where previous knowledge will become obsolete and the success of self-education is within oneself through perseverance and additional efforts such as perseverance and greater responsibilities.
References Young, S. (2010). Why self-educated learners often come up short. Scott H. Young. Retrieved from https://www.scotthyoung.com/blog/2010/02/24/self-education-failings/ Till, H. (2014). Forget university? 4 steps to design your own education. TEDEx. [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUnpSYMNEhY
The Story of an Hour Luis Calderon Yachay University of Experimental Technological Research
The Story of an Hour “Free, free, free” the words of a woman who thought freedom was visiting her. Key words used by Kate Chopin in her short story “The Story of An Hour”. The story tells the details of how Josephine Mrs. Mallard’s sister find a gentle way of telling Louise that her husband had died in a terrible accident due to Mrs. Mallard had heart problems, she doesn’t want to harm her sister; when Josephine finally tells her sister the bad news, Louise has an unexpected reaction, she just goes to her room to find out what was she feeling in those exact instants of her life(Chopin,1894). She is trying to listen to herself accompanied of an open window that lets see her all the wonderful things that were always there. After an hour, Mr. Mallard walks in to their house because he had not died and of course she didn’t know either anything about the accident. And just then Louise Mallard died straight away. The doctor told the family that she died after all the happiness that caused her by seeing her husband alive. Kate shows Louis Mallard as one of the main characters representing the dark part of marriage at those times where the others were just spectators and her husband her oppressor, although any part of the paper tells us that he was a tyrant or an abuser, notice that the title doesn’t say too much about her work. Firstly, let’s understand that this story goes back to the year 1894, those times as it is known thanks of the history machismo was normal, women did not have nearly any rights, while men enjoyed a life where they were allowed to do almost everything. Chopin hints in the course of the story, although it is not written, that her main character Louise Mallard is a meek and mild woman when the story tells us that she was afflicted with a heart trouble and when she learns that his husband is died, she a sensation of relieve, the writer uses a lot of poetic words when she describes all the surroundings scenes and Mrs. Mallard’s feeling; where even she didn’t know
that she had had a repressed life. Chopin wedges in the fact that marriages were supposed to be a house where women had to accept all the imposed rules by their husband and even though pretending to be very happy living in this way this assumption is taken when the story tells that her sister had to find a way of telling Louise that her husband had died, thinking that the sadness will kill her; or when the doctor tells the family that she had died of heart disease because she was so joyful and fortunate to have her husband back(Chopin 1894). People would never know the real cause of the heart attack. Chopin lets us assume that Mrs. Mallard felt so miserable when she knew that she had had freedom just for an hour, and that everything will turn back as normal, she preferred dying. Secondly, Mr. Mallard treat his wife, so we cannot dragoon Mr. Mallard by accusing him to be a tyrant or an abuser, who hit her wife or gives her and her children a miserable live - we can also assume that they had children because at those times it was normal to have not just one child at least more than three was normal. Neither can we praise him because of his overflowing love and dedication to his wife. The writes just guides us to think that Mrs. Mallard was just another victim of the circumstances living in patriarchal epoch where women were not seen as person, women were supposed to be at home looking after the children making her husband will(Chopin,1984). In spite of the fact that, after reading the story you clearly get the idea of an oppressed woman who finds her new-freedom, we could say that the title did not suggest too much since when people want to choose literature to read we let our intuition to do the choice, and the first thing we read is the tittle. “The Story of An Hour� is a vague tittle. It also doesn’t have a hook to
get the reader attention, when we read it we have the idea that we will learn something that happened in an hour, but we cannot have a clue of what freedom means for an oppressed married woman. Consequently, spite of the vague tittle of “The Story of An Hour” the writer gets his goal of guiding the readers to understand the plot of this literary paper. We understand that this marriage even though there aren’t any evidences of Mr. Mallard’s tyranny or abuse, took place in a patriarchal epoch where people did not know another way of living, nobody was able to criticize it, it comes to Mrs. Mallard just after she realized the supposed death of her husband, and the fact she really dies of sadness.
References Chopin, K. (1894). Kate Chopin: The Story of an Hour. THE KATE CHOPIN INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY. Retrieved from Retrieved from http://www.katechopin.org/the-story-of-an-hour/
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The Last Judgment as Masterpiece Andrea Paola Toro Chalén Luis Alberto Calderon Salas Raúl Heriberto Rodríguez Espinoza Yachay University for Experimental Technology and Research
The Last Judgment as Masterpiece “A man paint with his brain and not with his hands” - Michelangelo. Renaissance is a period considered as the cultural middle bridge between the Middle Age and Modern History. This period had a new thinking which became manifest in art, architecture, politics, science and literature. For that reason, renaissance contributed to the development of the society such as artistic. Renaissance had a lot of icons like Leonardo da Vinci and Micheangelo. Michelangelo was born in Caprese, Italy on March 6, 1475. He was poet, sculptor, architect, and painter. One of his pieces is The Last Judgment, created on 1537 and located in Sistine Chapel, Vatican City. This mighty composition spans the entire wall behind the altar of Sistine Chapel, and it offers a concrete example of controversies that were in that period. The painting as a whole has the following dimensions 539.3 × 472.4 in inches. The color palette is a composition of opaque to bright colors with a lapis lazuli blue sky as background. The Last Judgment is considered Michelangelo’s masterpiece because it has a complex composition, it is important to Catholics, and critics consider it a masterpiece. The Last Judgment has a complex composition and for this reason Michelangelo took four years to complete it. The painting in fresco is a technique that does not allow errors must be made by proportions because the next day the color is not absorbed. Basically, the chosen wall is prepared first with the liming and then with the plastering, a mixture of pozzolan, lime and water. Done drawing and wall in fresco the paint is rapidly spread. Michelangelo had many errors in how to paint the Sistine chapel in mixtures of colors and humidity which were perfected to later paint The last Judgment on a wall with a new brick wall inclined to avoid dust. The picture represents the second coming of Jesus Christ is based on two things the Bible and the
imagination of Michelangelo. The knowledge of Michelangelo on anatomy is reflected in the painting through naked bodies and muscle mass in the center of the painting is located Jesus Christ the judge who is separating humanity into two parts hell and heaven, and Mary observes the scene with fear. Underneath the figure of Christ are two saints: the first St. Lawrence holding a ladder this symbolizes his martyrdom through a grate and hot coals and St Bartholomew holding his own skin and in his right hand a knife because he was flayed alive. In the right corner this Biaggio da Cesena who was an assistant of pope who criticized the work of Michelangelo for his nudes and was nominated as one of the judges of hell. In the left corner angels push the damned to hell and the demons drag them. The Last judgment is very important to Catholics because is the main representation of Bible. According to Neil Collins painters had not often chosen to depict the last judgment, the importance it wasiven in the Sistine Chapel frescos, is wholly consonant with Renaissance theology. Preachers in the Papal Chapel frequently praised the wonder of the Creation and the splendor of the physical world. The iconography here follows the tradition of showing God standing on the Earth alongside his creatures, but the artist nicely exploits the format of the small field by showing God's head bumping up against the frame. The Sistine Chapel was dedicated to Christians. N. Collins said “Michelangelo shows Christ moving towards us, his vast gesture reaching across nearly the whole he panel. He is enveloped in a swirling mantel and accompanied by angels.� The top of the painting is described for the angels and the bottom of the painting is represented the hell where will go the people who don’t practice what says the Bible. Critics consider this painting as a masterpiece because it is a principal painting of the Sistine Chapel is the last judgment for Christians because summarize what hopes and are afraid
about the writings of the Bible. Camara E. said “The moment all Christians await with both hope and dread. This is the end of time, the beginning of eternity when the mortal becomes immortal, when the elect join Christ in his heavenly kingdom and the damned are cast into the unending torments of hell.” This is the best interpretation of the Last Judgment of Michelangelo because describe perfectly what we can see in the paint. The Christians hopes the life after life, but this happens if people practice what is statement in the Bible. If people don’t practice what says in the Bible on the other hand, they would go to hell. According to Camara E. “Michelangelo’s Last Judgment is among the most powerful renditions of this moment in the history of Christian art.” The Last Judgment is the most represent paint made for Michelangelo to pay homage to Christians. In this paint its can see in the center to Christ and around him people in the up of the paint its can see angels, clouds and heaven simulated the world that will live, people that practice the values and moral expressed in Bible. Camara E. said “Christ is the fulcrum of this complex composition. A powerful, muscular figure, he steps forward in a twisting gesture that sets in motion the final sorting of souls.” Crist is in the center of the paint and he is who decides who will go to the life after life or who will go to the hell. To conclude, it is important to take into account that The Last Judgment by Michelangelo is a masterpiece. First, its complexity is a reason which Michelangelo took four years to complete it. The technique that he used was a new technique in the renaissance. The Last judgment is very important to Catholics because is the main representation of Bible. At the end, Critics consider this painting as a masterpiece because The Last Judgment is the most represent paint made for Michelangelo to pay homage to Christians.
References Barnes, B. (2014, May 9). Metaphorical Painting: Michelangelo, Dante, and the Last Judgment.The Art Bulletin. Retrieved onNovember 16, 2016, from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00043079.1995.10786621 Cohen, J. (2012). 7 Things You May Not Know About the Sistine Chapel. Retrieved November 14, 2016, from http://www.history.com/news/7-things-you-maynot-know-about-the-sistine-chapel Esperanza, C. (n.d.). Last Judgment - Essay by Dr. Esperanca Camara.Khan Academy. Retrieved on November 16, 2016, from https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/renaissance-
reformation/high-ren-florence-
rome/michelangelo/a/michelangelo-last-judgment Genesis Fresco, Sistine Chapel (1508-12). (n.d.). Retrieved November 15, 2016, from http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/famouspaintings/genesis-fresco-michelangelo.htm H. (2016). 7 Surprising Facts About the Sistine Chapel Ceiling. Retrieved November 14, 2016, from http://arthistory.about.com/od/famous_paintings/a/sischap_ceiling.htm Khan Academy. (n.d.). Retrieved November 16, 2016, from https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/renaissance-reformation/high-ren-florencerome/michelangelo/a/michelangelo-last-judgment Landy, A. (2011, January 2). Michelangelo: Naked Truths?.ART NEWS. Retrieved on November 16, 2016, from http://www.artnews.com/2011/02/01/michelangelo-naked-truths/
Legalization of Drugs the Real Solution? Luis Calderon Yachay University of Experimental Technological Research
Legalization of Drugs the Real Solution? “Deaths from drugs overdose just in the United States rose 500 percent from 2001 to 2014” (Baum,2016). How can I be in favor of legalizing drugs after reading a lot of information that tells us how drug is killing people not just the afflicted ones, but their families and friends and consequently drugs damage society. Of course, this is a very tactful topic to talk. Although there are lots of arguments from people who have good reasons to think that legalizing drugs is the best way to stop it harming people I am against it. There are many places around the world that had already legalized it; let’s look at the results after legalization. Has alcohol decriminalization helped people to stop drinking alcohol? Drugs need to be keep away of the minds of people. Firstly, those who are in favor of legalization drugs arguments that under decriminalization “Addiction is a chronic illness during which relapses or flare-ups can occur, as with diabetes, gout, and high blood pressure. And drug dependence can be as hard on friends and family as it is on the afflicted." (Baum,2016). they think that if the drugs are legal reasonably they will become affordable for everyone and in turn the desire for altered stated of consciousness industry will lost and disappear; those who are argument this are not aware of the high risk if this occurs, I cannot imagine when the cocaine becomes legal; people will buy it as buying a cigarette teenagers will have enough money not just to buy drugs for themselves they will have enough money to invite as many friends as possible just with the aim of been accepted in a society group and consequently for sure the consume will increase highly, consequently the crime and violence related to drugs.
If you want more evidences against it, let’s look at the results in United States when heroin and other prescription drugs were decriminalized. “Deaths from overdose in the United States rose 500 percent from 2001 to 2014, a staggering increase, and deaths from prescription drugs- shot up almost 300 percent” (Baum,2016). So, what is the point of let drugs be legal. For sure I will straight away agree with the drug decriminalization if the statistics show us that the consume evidently dropped down. As an overwhelming example, we can mention the legal cigarette and the alcoholic beverages; can we say that after legalization people stopped smoking a drinking? Another strong argument in favor of that is “A sharp increase in drug dependence or overdoses that followed the legalization of drugs would be a public-health disaster, and it could very well knock the world back into the same counterproductive prohibitionist.” (Baum,2016). It is reasonable, and I understand that point but again the consumers will feel free to do it, will convince that they have a good reason not to worry about when they had taken the wrong decision of enter that world which leads them to distress, violence, crime and death. In fact, there is a strong argument not just to legalize but for consume drugs safer; it will be a claim to convince a friend to consume drugs. Whether, the majority of us agree with the fact that we need to stop drug since they are killing people not just the addicts, but their whole families and societies. In the aim of stopping drugs issues some of us had gotten a position against or in favor of decriminalize them; the question here would not be to let them legal or illegal as the majority of us have understand the negative side of drug consumption, if you do not understand that; you need to talk with a
recovered addict. Passive addicts can tell you the calamity they have suffer after getting in this black hole of dead.
As a result of the analysis of the arguments above I came to the conclusion except for those who work in the black industry behind the drugs we all want to stop drugs; taking into account by the shown results, that legal or illegal drugs are winning the battle specially against those young teenagers who do not know yet what they are doing when they decide to use drugs of any kind. So, we need to think further what can governments and especially each of us as members of a society, a family do to get the majority’s goal that is to stop drugs.
References Baum, D. (2016). LEGALIZE IT ALL how to win the war on drug. HARPER’S MAGAZINE. Retrieved from http://harpers.org/archive/2016/04/legalize-it-all/1/
Is Cloning Important to Society? Luis Calderon Yachay University of Experimental Technological Research Level Six EAP 2 LC6 – 010
Abstract This study focuses on cloning and its applications related to the health and improvement of humans and other species. Artificial cloning has developed to the point that the different techniques allow cloning of tissues and organs, and the possibility of it becoming a reality that increases vertiginously. The author has concluded that cloning is an indispensable tool that improves the quality of life for humans and other species in functionality and time. Cloning of animals: a hope for endangered species and those already exterminated. Scientific debates on safety and feasibility as to whether or not cloning is possible and their degrees of freedom in the scientific community have enabled the development of this work. The purpose of this research is to show how beneficial cloning can be and how many lives can be saved or improved. Keywords: cloning
Is Cloning Important to Society? With the passage of time, humanity has wanted to improve and has tried through cloning. This is a process that refers to the creation of exact genetic copies of molecules and cells in animals and humans in a natural or artificial way. Cloning is a scientific procedure that consists in taking the genetic material of an organism to obtain another identical one, called clone. Through cloning, there is no union of ovules with spermatozoa (Dovey, 2015).There are several types of cloning; Molecular cloning, cell cloning, therapeutic cloning, cloning in humans, in extinct beings, among others. Molecular cloning consists of and tries to isolate a DNA sequence or chain of interest and obtain multiple copies of it in an organism, Using artificial methods. Therapeutic cloning consists of obtaining stem cells from the patient to be treated, based on the following experiment, any somatic cell is obtained from the patient to be treated, the nucleus is isolated with the chromosomes inside and everything else is discarded. Human cloning is the creation of a copy genetically identical to the original (Rugnetta,2015).Cloning is essential for the development of humanity and other species. Cloning allows for the creation of new tissues or organs which improve living conditions until these could save the life. Current cloning has a high success rate, and this is increasingly feasible. Cloning can restore life in extinct species, which were extinguished by hunting or natural causes, allowing people to study the past and preserve species (Switeck,2013) Literature Review
Firstly, the new tissues created through cloning the original DNA could save a lot people from diseases to death. Currently people who suffer Some disease is can trigger other shortcomings in health . An example of this is a heart attack, which creates issues like: weakened heart tissue, exhaustion, shortness of breath and time away from loved ones. However, there is no cure for the consequences that leaves a heart attack. in the United
Kingdom one person of the total population every seven minutes has a heart attack (Mckie, 2013). However, patients who have suffered a heart attack or other diseases have a new hope—a new experiment that is based on the cloning of stem cells to generate tissue of the same genetic material. In the beginning, cloning had many problems before Shoukhrat Mitalipov’s successful experiment of adding caffeine molecules to the cell cultures to generate a line of embryonic stem cells from two human eggs (Cyranoski, 2013).This discovery based on the embryonic cells opens the doors for therapeutic cloning to replace damaged tissues from heart attacks, diabetes, Alzheimer, Parkinson’s disease and other health disorders. Cloning is controversial because it could be possible to clone an individual, and some people want to enact laws to prohibit this. We must ask ourselves under what circumstances we would allow a clone in the society and try to evaluate the risk. In Britain, cloning is prohibited in certain ways, but an embryo can be created for a maximum of fourteen days. According to Professor John Harris, cloning is beneficial because an individual can be born almost perfect instead of carrying some disease (Mckie, 2013). Cloning for human reproduction would have serious side effects on health. A great example of this is an experiment involving a cloned sheep, Dolly. Dolly was cloned after 277 attempts, and others animal experiments, even those in extinction, genetic and morphological defects have already been seen, such as premature aging or lack of limbs, these evidences determine that it is very risky for humans (Goodenough,2008).There are shortcomings of human cloning, which is why it is not feasible at this moment. Also, there is a controversy between science and religion and if it is fair to force the risks on other species. Two research groups have independently produced human embryonic stem-cell lines from embryos cloned from adult cells. Their success could reinvigorate efforts to use such cells to make patientspecific replacement tissues for degenerative diseases. (Baker,2014) More clinical trials are needed for cloning to be improved. However, the amount of tissue replication through
cloning is becoming more successful through each trial. This procedure will save the lives of many patients, but it will take many to reach quality standards. Second, recent laboratory tests indicate better performance in cloning. In the case of Dolly’s cloned sisters, scientists managed to extend the process of aging with a better quality of life for the new cloned sheep (Sohn, 2004). Some researches and activists in favor of animal care are worried about the creation of somatic cells because these could generate health problems, but according to new cloning studies in thirteen sheep, the results are promising. ’Scientists did not find premature aging nor diseases associated with cloning in animals” (Sohn, 2004). Essentially, the cloning is based on taking DNA of an adult cell from the subject and inserting this DNA into the egg where the DNA is reprogrammed to an embryonic state to start from the beginning. Dolly was the first successful cloning of a mammal, but since then, many animals have been cloned as we can see now in television programs and scientific journals. Dolly died early due to an erroneous reprogramming error. Dolly died six years after her cloning, which was irregular because generally her species usually lives between ten to twelve years (Sohn, 2004). In addition, the problem that Dolly suffered was based on the telomere that came from an old chromosome, so its deterioration was part of the natural cycle of life. The telomere is a region in a chromosome which contains the material that covers the chromosomes, protecting and shortening DNA; consequently, these are affected by old age (Shammas ,2012). Based on Dolly’s early death, people's opinions about errors in cloning are false. Also, Mark Westhusin shows that cloning is possible without issues, since his first cloned cat is fifteen years old. There were four more clones of Dolly that were created, and compared to the Dolly siblings, the clones showed acceptable levels in blood, insulin, blood pressure and mild arthritis, with only one of the siblings having severe arthritis. Death of the clones is not provoked by cloning; instead, there are other factors such as natural causes, arthritis. Cloning processes are performed more in
Asia, South America, and at a very low level, in the United States. Cloning is a very expensive process , so current only certain animals are cloned: breeding stock, yield, immunity to diseases for medical and veterinary research (Hesman, 2013).The counterargument for the point of view are previous studies showed that cloned animals have been born prematurely, with their vital organs such as their lungs, hearts and liver not working correctly. These failing experiments occurred a while ago; currently, cloning animals has a high success rate. Even in certain countries you can clone your deceased pet for exorbitant amounts of money and of course through laws. Lastly, Cloning would allow for the recovery of extinct species and the preservation of the current ones by conducting investigations and maintaining the natural order. In 2003, a group of Spanish and French scientists managed to bring to life an extinct animal that unfortunately died. The cloned animal was a type of mountain goat called bucardo. Hunting this animal reduced the population each century until there were only twelve left in 1999. Celia, the last of its kind, was crushed by a tree and died. The cells of Celia were preserved in the laboratories of Zaragoza and Madrid, and implants were made in 57 hybrids between goat and bucardo. Only seven became pregnant, of which six aborted and one was developed. The clone was born by cesarean but died prematurely, after the autopsy done by scientists revealed that a giant tumor formed in its lungs, which prevented it to breathe (Zimmer, 2003). The list of animals extinguished by man is extensive, and currently there are many endangered species. The paleontologist, Michael Archer, reflects that cloning is playing God; consequently, man’s extermination of other species is equivalent. Restoring extinct species would have a regenerative impact on flora and fauna. A great example, is the cloning of mammoths because this animal helped to fertilize in the past times the lands and this specie could fill a link of the animal chain. Years ago, the attempts at cloning were unsuccessful; however, science can currently manipulate cells to transform them into others like a
spermatozoid. Scientists and specialists found mammoth tissues including bone marrow, hair, skin and fat which could be candidates for the search of a viable cell that could be implanted into an elephant for cloning (Zimmer, 2003). The counterargument for the cloning of extinct animals at the moment is that it is impossible procedure because the scientists need a live animal to clone. On the other hand, the scientists found a new way to clone an extinct animal through close relative or another way of expressing it is that in the past was created a common ancestor which currently exists (Jabr, 2013). A clear example of this is the relationship between mammoths and elephants or also dogs and wolves. Scientists predict that this dream of bringing extinct species to life will come true in a period of 10 years .
Conclusion In conclusion, cloning should not be totally banned because of the benefits that it can bring to mankind. The replication of organs generated from the same genetic material could create somatic cells, capable of becoming any tissue or organ that is damaged by causes such as: age, illness and accidents. Currently cloning of animals is a resounding success, but only certain animals are cloned to preserve valuable genetics. Scientists clarify that it is currently impossible to clone extinct animals because they need live specimens, but scientists are looking for alternatives such as embryo implantations in genetically similar living animals. Scientists predict that cloning about extinct animals will become reality in a decade.
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