Credits: JOURNEY ACROSS ENGLISH FINAL SEMESTER Dennis Patricio Loachamin Maldonado English Language Program Yachay Tech University L6 – 005 Teacher: Alyssa Wolfe December 12, 2016
Yachay, Ecuador
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How Our Language Can Define Our Way to Think Dennis Loachamin English for Academic Purposes II L6 – 005 Yachay Tech University September 30, 2016
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How Our Language Define Our Way to Think Human being has been asking how their common-sense seemingly interfere the way we act and think. Many linguistics and scientists have been paying attention to it because our way of being has been influenced for how we speak. Many questions has been made trying to discover if our language can redefine our ideology; a handful of questions were presented, the most important are according to Boroditsky (2009), “Do people who speak different languages think differently simply because they speak different languages? Does learning new languages change the way you think?” These implications involve not only scientists or linguistics, to gain insight into the human mind has become a significant dilemma for psychologists, philosophers, doctors including it on various aspects of politic, socials, cultural and ecclesiastics. To understand how language can shape our ideas we study how to enquire into some stages of speaking process, discover if learning many languages can change drastically our vision of thinking and a brief discussion about how language is necessary to our development. Learn about our native language is always a varied effort to understand how is the world we live in. Since you were born people around you made you listen to how is going to be your future language unconsciously. Those patrons emitted like sounds of fondness, care and sometimes as scolding carry out the first steps of your learning process of speaking. “Scholars on the other side of the debate don't find the differences in how people talk convincing. All our linguistic utterances are sparse, encoding only a small part of the information we have available.” (Boroditsky, 2009). In school, high school, university and throughout your life your speaking path will be defined. First in kindergarten the basics 9
structures to speak and understand well your environment. At school and high school your teacher will show you how to use properly your language to reach communicate and socialize with your peers. Finally, when you are in university it is common that you forget the good manners to getting on in society; even if you forget it, there are some moments as in a talk or when you are visiting your family that a good communication will save your life. Those examples reveal how your behavior can be defined for your way to speak, act or think. Bilingualism or the ability to speak more than two languages on experts’ opinions use to concern the way we analyze a language. It is common that in Latin America exists a predominant language Spanish, and all over the world is common that you learn your native language first and then, as the predominant language in the world, you learn to speak English. Most of the people who graduates with a good degree learnt to speak more than one language while they were studying, and it is common that society consider them as people with a specific grade of advanced knowledge. Then we suppose that they have acquire a new way to think; but inherently their environment suppose that they have change the way to think studying (in some cases bragging their knowledge in a foreign language or with foreign words). Boroditsky said, “Certainly, speakers of different languages must attend to and encode strikingly different aspects of the world just so they can use their language properly.� (2009) we can summarize that the different aspects of every country in the world stablish that, unconsciously those people speaking many languages adjust their wisdom to adequate it according to their thoughts.
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Additionally, understand concepts, spend time, do science or fall in love would not be possible if language does not exist. Every single behavior of human being, animals or plants has implicit their own way to communicate using a specific kind of language. According to Boroditsky “representations of such things as time, number, musical pitch, kinship relations, morality, and emotions have been shown to depend on how we think about space.” And every space has their own language. For all the times humans, have used a tool called language to develop them. We must attend that when human’s history began, it began with the first text found on a stone; that was an expressed representation of a language. “This suggests that patterns in a language can indeed play a causal role in constructing how we think” As a representation of the human being, language is the most powerful gun that everyone has to achieve objectives. In conclusion, discovering the different stages of learning process of converse, if being a polyglot person affects our ideology and an introduction of how language has become since the begin of history the main fact of humans’ development. Boroditsky stablish that taken together, these results show that linguistic processes are pervasive in most fundamental domains of thought, unconsciously shaping us from the nuts and bolts of cognition and perception to our loftiest abstract notions and major life decisions. So definitively our language, and the domain we have of it describes perfectly our way to think.
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References Boroditsky, L. (2009, June 11), How does our language shape the way we think? Retrieved from: https://www.edge.org/conversation/how-does-our-language-shape-the-waywe-think
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Dennis Loachamin Alyssa Wolfe Level 6 – 005 Thursday October 2016 Literary Analysis Essay Araby is a story told from a boy’s point of view who has fallen in love. Some stories have many ways to be told, one of them it is a story told in first person. These kinds of stories are the best because the reader can appreciate everything about characters; this story is always better understood if you could feel it as if you were the main character. Araby is an important history to understand this because it talks about common things, for example when a boy fell in love, how a boy can feel many emotions in some awkward situations and how a boy can promise something to impress the girls he loves. Drama and courage are always some important parts of a good story of love. In this case, the boy of Araby, who talks about his own story, has fallen in love of a girl from a convent. A way to represent his love and see what is the point of view of the story according to the boy “every morning I lay on the floor in the front parlour watching her door” (James Joyce, 2016) this boy shows us that anyone can do whatever is necessary to see the person that each one loves. When everyone was young (like a teenager) and fell in love the whole ambiance changes, so everybody could understand how is the behavior of the boy. But how to suppress these feelings if almost everyone who has been in love will
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never forget their first love. These facts possibly show why is important a story tell from first person. Additionally, another aspect if someone fell in love is that you become a more receptive person in matters of love relationships. According to Joyce (2016) “when we came near the point at which our ways diverged, I quickened my space and passed her” this kind of situations are so normal when both are in the same school or both take the same road to return home. Emotions and good feeling can emerge from the bottom of ourselves when you are close or see the boy or girl that you love. Even if you saw her/him doing something outbox, it would be great for you because you can feel so many things in every situation. Most of time when you are in love you can say anything to impress her/his as promises. It is important to any story understand the meaning of it. In this story the two main characters, the boy and the girl, have a discussion about a store called Araby and according the boy “If I go, I will bring you something” (Joyce, 1914) as he shows in first person, the boy says that he will bring something to the girl, but he is not saying it as a desire. Readers can assume that he was telling this like his own obligation. These things are common when you try to impress the correct person you love, more if you are a boy. A good way to share these feelings and emotions with the reader would be in first person like many other things in this story. In conclusion, this story is important because allows us to understand how is the point of view of a young lover when fell drastically in love, how habitual moments and 15
make emerge strange feelings and to surprise our lover we make promises. The importance of this story represents on a dramatic way, a from in which a boy feels new expectative about her entire life. So, the best way to tell this is in first person because there you can understand perfect what are the feelings of the people, in this case the boy.
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REFERENCES Joyce, J. (1914) “Araby”. The Dubiners.
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How To Interpret A Famous Piece Of Art Loachamin Dennis, Pérez José Luis, Suárez Katherin, Vega Oscar English for Academic Purposes II L6 – 005 Yachay Tech University November 16, 2016
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How To Interpret A Famous Piece Of Art Paintings can capture human’s imagination and inspire some great ideological changes. Art is a expression of feelings and emotions that a painter shapes in a canvas, painting or fresco. According to a contemporary American Painter called George Tooker, “Painting is an attempt to come to terms with life. There are as many solutions as there are human beings.” He expresses that with paintings human being can understand better what does life means; this statement has been presented since the beginning of human life. For example, in the Renaissance a man who helps to understand better life was Michelangelo Bounarroti that on request paint the fresco called Sistine Chapel with includes the painting “The creation of Adam”. In this paper, we will talk about how to understand better this piece of art describing what we see, analyzing the content and interpreting based on researches and results. The painting named “Creation of Adam” could cause many feelings depending of the ideology of each person. If a religious person seen the painting at first sight, he going to interpret that all his ideas and knowledges about the creation of the life in the Earth are correct. But if a person with scientific knowledge’s look the painting, he going to deduct that it as a sample of the human anatomy. Generally, this artistic work in the religious part may cause a sense of curiosity for knowing why did God give Adam the power; God who is the father of everything exists in the Earth´s surface gave a responsibility to Adam who represents humanity, this happened trough the contact between their index fingers. But in the scientific part, in this painting is apparent the knowledge that Michelangelo had about 20
the scientific field named anatomy; because represent clearly many parts of the human body. (Poter, Roger). For example, the cupola that surround to God have shape of human brain and the green cloth is the vertebral artery. (Careaga, 2013). “The creation of Adam” tries about the creation of Adam as the first perfect human in the earth who was beautiful, muscular, and strong and for this reason represents the greatness of God. For one hand, in the paint Adam is completely naked as if he was a newborn sitting on a green surface which represents the earth as her future home. And for another hand, is God surrounded by many cherubs which are on a blue and white surface that represents the heaven because according to the religion these kinds of divine figures only live in the heaven. The most important in this paint is how the hand of God tries to get together with the hand of Adam because he wants to give life to Adam and create a relationship between humans, religion and him. Also, is important remember that this paint was complete after four years because during this time Michelangelo had many works that must be done to the Pope. Today in one of the most important works around the world and according to Kats (2009) Michelangelo unveiled the work in 1512, he had succeeded in creating a transcendent work of genius, one which continues to inspire millions of pilgrims and tourists in Vatican City each year. Interpretation cannot be learned from a book alone, but only through a combination of study and steady practice. (Nolan, 2005). How can we transmit our ideas, our knowledges, our feelings? the most effective way is by interpretation. In the fresco “The creation of Adam”, we interviewed some friends, and people in general to enlarge the actual perspective. We realized that can be some interpretations, the realistic where many 21
people without many knowledge of paintings give us details, and the concise part where some researches gives us many paths to interpret it. The realistic expressed that this fresco separate our lives in two sides the real part where we physically live in, and the spiritual part where our soul is, because of many people said the most attractive thing they realized, it was the position of their hands. According to this the concise part shows us that this fresco give us two suggestions, one of them and lesser accepted is that god represents a human uterus meaning that with him whole life began; and the most accepted theory reveals us that god represents a human brain where god and Eva (near to him), are located in the part that represents love and affection. The Creation of Adam, by Michelangelo, is a very important piece of art. It represents a historical change when the science tried to become independent from religion, and Michelangelo showed that they might complement each other. For this reason, he painted God and the spiritual world with the shape of a human brain, showing that divinity gives us intelligence. Eva in the place of the hypothalamus, responsible for love. And the creating arm of God coming out from the hypophysis, responsible for imagination. God and Adam have their arms in the same position, showing that humans were created in the image and likeness. From the underground a creepy hand comes out trying to touch Adam, showing that materialism could distract human beings from their original purpose. As God is Adam’s father and creator human beings should try to pay attention to him, because fathers always want the best for their child.
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REFERENCES Careaga, M. (2013, December 19). La anatomía oculta en las obras de Miguel Ángel. Retrieved from: http://culturacolectiva.com/la-anatomia-oculta-en-las-obras-demiguel-angel/ Kats, J. (2009). The Measure of Genius: Michelangelo’s Sistine Chapel at 500. Smithsonian. Retrieved from: http://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/themeasure-of-genius-michelangelos-sistine-chapel-at-500-123313873/?no-ist Nolan. James (2005). Interpretation Techniques and Exercises. Retrieved from: http://tienganhdhm.com/Images/file/IntepretationTechniques%20and%20Exercises.pdf Poter, Roger. nd. A Reflection and Analisys on the ‘Creation of Adam’ Sistine Chapel Fresco. Departament of Theology. Retrieved from: http://www.biblicaltheology.com/Research/PorterR04.pdf Writing about Paintings (2013). Visual Rhetoric/Visual Literacy Series. Retrieved from: http://twp.duke.edu/uploads/media_items/painting.original.pdf
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Importance of Ethical Decisions in Natural Resources to Care Ecuador’s biodiversity Loachamin Maldonado Dennis Patricio English for Academic Purposes II L6 – 005 Yachay Tech University December 6, 2016
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Abstract This project shows how much important is the Amazon region in Ecuador to their sustainable development employing ethical decisions making. The main purpose of this research is to generate awareness about the environmental problems that threaten life in Ecuador’s biodiversity; this hypothesis covers from understand government management in this problematic until the possibility to create some alternatives that promotes another kind of natural sources in Ecuador. Using some articles from expert people which explains at detail the favorable or unfavorable consequences from this impact in Ecuador’s Amazon region; moreover, to promote discussions about the welfare of flora, fauna and Amazonian native tribes in all the territory that has suffered environmental issues related with bad utilization of natural resources. This research will provide valuable information regarding protection’s practices and remediation of bad ethical decision committed. The findings may be useful to construct a critical thought employing ethical decision making in significant facts; additionally, raise awareness Ecuadorian people that look after their Amazon because its significance is not only important for Ecuador if not for the world.
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The high benefit of Ecuadorian Amazon’s exploitation will be expensive for Ecuador. “Currently in Ecuador, the petroleum industry and its environmental/social interactions are at the center of controversy since very sensitive regions and protected areas of this Amazon forest are under exploration and production” (Arellano, Tansey, Balzter & Boyd, 2015) Those examples of incomes have become in the principal concern at time to take ethical decisions about biodiversity; Ecuador is struggling because its biodiversity, natural resources and native populations are being disturbed because of the drastic change that their ambiances are suffering for the bad decisions taken. Miranda (2016) stated that “for years, the Shuar have been fighting to halt the project, called El Mirador” this case the Amazon region is suffering an excessive exploitation in some deficient projects, noting that it would “irreversibly damage the region’s fragile ecosystem and violate the legal rights of indigenous peoples to live, develop and control their land and territory” (Associated Press, 2016). Furthermore, those inadequate archaic methods have brought to Ecuador the worse age in the actual times, because of this it is important going deeper in this problematic matters to know if they will help us to understand that Ecuadorian people made some changes in history adding the care of nature in the national constitution, know why some attempts to use natural resources of the Amazon region generated many actual issues in the whole country, alternative fonts of energy have been created to resist the deficit on the low cost of hydrocarbon’s exploitations. In the presidency of Ec. Rafael Correa constitution was remodeled to protect the flora and fauna of the country. Beard (2014) stated that “good actions create sentiments of 27
approval; evil ones generate disapproval.” according to this statement in this context, Ecuadorian people felt supported when this presidency changed the past which involved the bad administration of the natural resources; ethics should be presented by our actions, and it is true that Correa made an important movement which consists in, focus on Ecuador’s development he tried to improve all the preexisting methods of exploitation. Nowadays, Amazon region is protected and guarded, before it, Amazon region was stressed and gaunt, “different plant species respond differently to a particular stressor. Furthermore, the nature, intensity and length to exposure are factors that define the stress level on the vegetation.” (Arellano et al., 2015) So ethical importance in decision making must be applied not only our daily life, we must apply it at time to make decisions too. Correa understood well the problematic issues that people and nature were living, so in an attempt to right everything that previous administrations did, he applied critical thinking in ethic decisions for the welfare of flora, fauna, tribes and people from Ecuador. That is how Ecuadorian people added the protection of nature as populations’ duty. Additionally, some agencies of control in the use of Ecuador’s Amazon generated problems in native populations and brought a big impact in the environment. One of these problems according to Fraser (2016) “by global standards, the Amazon spills are small. The 2000 barrels that leaked from the pipeline here are a drop compared with the more than 3 million barrels that spewed out of the sea floor when the Deepwater Horizon Drilling rig exploded in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010” the main problems are small or big spills of oil, the impact that they have in nature could be insuperable.
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When we think in issues about nature inevitably we must center our eyes on native ancients’ populations; one population who have lived there for many times are Huaorani tribes, Hettermann (2016) observed that “The Huaorani are hunters and gatherers who have lived in the Amazon rainforest since before written history; proud warriors and guardians. A living cultural artifact” a lot of bad ethical decision were taken trying to preserve the lifestyle of Huaorani tribes; there are lots of examples of tribes in Ecuador’s Amazon in the same context, according to Ospina-Valencia (2016) found that “The Yasuní Nature Reserve, an extension of almost one million hectares and the territory of the Tagaeri and Taromenane peoples, who live in voluntary isolation, as well as housing a great variety of fauna and flora.” with exploitation their ways of life have had a dramatical change caused by bad administrations and more when old governs did not apply the ethical knowledge at time to make decisions. Moreover, the meticulous care of biodiversity of Ecuador is not only expensive it is difficult, for example one hectare of flora and fauna in Ecuador would be equal to a hundred hectares of flora and fauna in United States and Canada. Dr. Paul Arellano geology professor of Yachay Tech University studied how to decrease impact on it using technology, and according to Bajak (2016) “he decided to start applying a new technology to finding oil spills in the Amazon. After working for years on bioremediation projects in the Ecuadorian Amazon – which he admits is difficult, expensive and time-consuming work”. Even if people do not trust at a hundred percent in their investigations, Arellano’s ethical wisdom brought to Ecuador a solution of this problematic but as Beard (2014) said “however, sympathy will never give us a perfect impression of another person’s 29
experiences.” People should understand better problems that Ecuador is having not just in exploitation, spills, deforestation or destruction of environment, that problematic is rooted to people’s subconscious. Arellano et al., (2015) said “despite high international public interest in protecting Amazon rainforests, little scientific attention has focused on the effects of oil pollution on the forest; much focus is on threats from deforestation, selective logging, hunting, fire and global and regional climate variations” Ecuador got awareness of this and tried to protect itself using ethical decisions and common sense. But, how will they protect a maligned cancer that bring to Ecuador a benefit in economy? Actually, the hydroelectric energy and another way of removable energy will replace the actual dependence of exploitation. According to Richter (2016) “Ecuador is in the process of establishing its long-term Energy Policy with the objective of having a functional energy matrix for the requirements of the production matrix of the country in order to boost the creation of new development clusters, the substitution of imports, technology transfer, increase of export, innovation and the creation of new quality working places for the next 25 years.” This strategy modified completely the plans of development in Ecuador. The actual national govern began to look for new sustainable ways of energy and benefits. As Richter (2016) noted “The government of Ecuador published the National Energy Agenda 2016-2040, a public policy document which objectives are the consensus about the current situation in the industry and the elaboration of future development scenarios for the sector and the way each of them will evolve. Geothermal energy will play a role in the objective 2.1, which refers to the consolidation a more renewable and efficient 30
energy matrix besides the diversification of the power generation matrix in renewable and non-conventional energy sources.” These facts could stand for a new era of sustainable development in Ecuador, and to leave oil and derivative ways of petroleum to reinforce economy it is necessary to create some new sources of development. Consequently, as dependent country when petroleum decreases in Ecuador their economy suffers a big decrease. Ecuador like many other countries in Latin America which are dependents of natural resources derivate from petroleum, they need to exploit all their natural resources to invest their benefits of it to develop new ways to be sustainable. This fact requires to use all the natural resources from the Amazon as the principal source of natural resources derivatives from oil in Ecuador. The principal reason for this exploitation is to create some new ways to make a stronger economy non-based in oils’ products. Amazon is a crucial path to the development of Ecuador, so it is crucial to exploit the Amazon to be able to achieve a good development. In contrast, Ecuador actually has many other resources to create new ways of sustainable invest. “During the last few decades’ hydrocarbon production has caused pollution in the Amazon forest inflicting considerable environmental impact.” (Arellano et al., 2015) That is why invest in exploit the whole Amazon will be the worst mistake Ecuador has ever committed in their history. Arellano et al., (2015) argued “The high diversity and intrinsic complex biological interactions of tropical forests and their vast expanse challenge our understanding of the impact of oil on them.” derivate forms of oil and petroleum are always very harmful not only for the flora because there are many native
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tribes living there and they will suffer all the consequences of a bad exploitation of the Ecuadorian Amazon. To conclude, archaic methods of management in Ecuador where not followed by ethical decisions and the consequences are in front of us, now they must understand how big is their fight; people must understand that all ethic and critical changes made in Ecuadorian’s “carta magna” served to bring stability. Also, people from Ecuador learnt about the past mistakes made of unconscious governs without caring of flora and fauna, and why people should understand that all scientific people will help and preserve Ecuador, so when Ecuadorian people probably have understood well the ethical part of what does it mean, they will center our attention in reinforce the new ways of sustainable energy. Thus, what happens to Ecuador is that they always have had frightened to changes because of bad administrations, but now Ecuadorian people realize that and they are sure that they have learnt about our past times, so now Ecuador is ready to begin the change from the country underexploited to be one of the potencies in primary resources and development. How? Using a critical knowledge with ethical decisions.
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REFERENCES Arellano. P, Tansey. K, Balzter. Heiko, & Boyd. D. (April, 2015). Detecting the effects of hydrocarbon pollution in the Amazon forest using hyperspectral satellite images. Retrieved from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749115002754 Bajak, A. (21, March 2016). A Scramble to Fix, and Understand, Peru’s Oil Disaster. Retrieved from: http://undark.org/2016/03/21/scramble-fix-understand-perus-oildisaster/ Beard, M. (2014, July 22) The world is burning, but remember our sympathy goes only so far. The Guardian. Retrieved from: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/jul/22/the-world-is-burning-butremember-our-sympathy-goes-only-so-far Fraser, B. (August, 2016). OIL IN THE FOREST: A rash of spills in the Amazon has scientists and villagers scrambling to understand oil’s effects on the ecosystem. Retrieved from: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/353/6300/641 Hettermann, K. (22, November 2016). Amazon Tribe Fights Oil Development with Tourism: The indigenous Huaorani people of Ecuador are looking to tourism to spread a message of hope and counter the forces of resource exploitation. Retrieved from: https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/guest-blog/amazon-tribe-fights-oildevelopment-with-tourism/
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Miranda, B. (22, November 2016). The struggle between Ecuador’s indigenous Shuar and the mega-mining project that’s displacing them: Culture news. Retrieved from: http://remezcla.com/culture/indigenous-shuar-fight-military-to-take-back-land-inecuador-amazon/ Ospina-Valencia, J. (08, September 2016). Ecuador explota el petróleo de Yasuní: ¿Por qué ahora?: Ecuador inició explotación de mayor bloque petrolero en la Amazonía. ¿Por qué la polémica extracción de petróleo, justo cuando los precios están por el suelo? Este petróleo le saldrá caro a los ecuatorianos. Retrieved from: http://www.dw.com/es/ecuador-explota-el-petr%C3%B3leo-de-yasun%C3%ADpor-qu%C3%A9-ahora/a-19537956 Press, A, (22, November 2016). 14 police hurt in clash with Shuar over Ecuador mining camp. Retrieved from: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/wires/ap/article-3962510/14police-hurt-clash-Shuar-Ecuador-mining-camp.html Richter, A. (21, November 2016). Ecuador plans with geothermal in new long term energy policy: With its new long-term energy policy, Ecuador is betting on renewable energy and sees geothermal energy in a key role for the future energy mix of the country. Retrieved from: http://www.thinkgeoenergy.com/ecuador-plans-withgeothermal-in-new-long-term-energy-policy/
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