ONE LITTLE STEP MORE: My English Portfolio
SEBASTIÁN RODRÍGUEZ ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROGRAM LEVEL 6 YACHAY TECH, URCUQUÍ
ONE LITTLE STEP MORE: My English Portfolio BY SEBASTIÁN RODRÍGUEZ
ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROGRAM YACHAY TECH LEVEL 6 – 009 TEACHER: GABRIELA VILLAVICENCIO ______ °______ JULY 25, 2016
URCUQUÍ, ECUADOR
Tree image: bonsaitreegardener.net
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PORTFOLIO LETTER RESPONSE ESSAY EXPLORATION ESSAY INTERPRETATION ESSAY ARGUMENTATION ESSAY FINAL RESEARCH PROJECT ESSAY REFLECTIONS
Sebastián Rodríguez Apartment A 3-3 at Yachay Campus July 12, 2016 Dear Reader: I am Sebastián Rodríguez, student from Yachay Tech. In this English Language Portfolio I present you what has been a valuable part of my life during this semester. There are four essays, a reflection, a research project, and others sheets of paper which are the proof about my academic and personal growth to learn English. I have to say I am happy to have completed another step in learning this wonderful language. I still remember the conversation I had with some friends before starting this semester. We were talking about subjects would worry us in this cycle. Almost without hesitation, I had mentioned that English was in my blacklist. I still did not surpass the fear that caused me speak, write or do anything in this language! But now, four months later, my perception has changed. My professors and classmates have given me the confidence to surpass me to myself. I know I still make mistakes but already I am not afraid to do things in English. I am delighted to know that I have learned important things that will help me for the rest of my career. For instance, the APA rules. How pretend to be a scientific future without knowing the APA rules? Also I cannot fail to mention what we learned in the debates. Before, in the opportunities I did an activity like this, I had the perception that the person who spoke was stronger than he won, and not one who present better arguments. But now I always have in mind that the advance preparation should make us have strong arguments and evidence to win any discussion (along with a good persuasion).
I think I can notice the change in my writing from the first essay to the last. I have to confess that at first I had no a clear about how sort out my ideas in an essay. But every week I have been improving my skills with this. To my professor also I have to thank by all the useful web pages that she shared with us. I can now say goodbye to boring PowerPoint presentations, because I know there Piktochart or Emaze. It is also good to know that when I practice to have a debate in debate.org, and many other pages to improve my writing. I think my taste for science also has been developed. I was quite excited about the research project presented at the end of the semester, which could be just the beginning of something bigger. I want to challenge the perception that people have about who consume cow's milk is good for human health. I will talk with some farmers, I will find out what antibiotics they put the cows, and I will analyze what chemicals are present in the milk consumed by Ecuadorians. It will be amazing. Actually, I always thought that English class was like receiving Language and Communication but in English. But now, I am convinced that what I have learned in this course goes beyond that. I have valuable tools to face the rest of my career. I have a better understanding of how to do academic essays, understand how I should act in a debate, and I think I have improved my skill in something with writing. But above all of this course I'll take the good times I spent with wonderful people: the new friends that I did who are so multicultural (all from different cities of Ecuador), the professor Gabriela who is strict but with a mother's heart at the same time. Thanks, really. And for the reader of this portfolio I hope I can be able to show you through these pages all the emotions that I lived in this cycle. Sincerely,
Sebastián Rodríguez
RESPONSE ESSAY
Running head: MOTHER LANGUAGE INFLUENCE THE WAY WE THINK
Our Mother Language and Its Influence in the Way We Think Ángel S. Rodríguez Yachay Tech University L6-009 April 25, 2016
MOTHER LANGUAGE INFLUENCE THE WAY WE THINK Our Mother Language and Its Influence in the Way We Think A basic aspect of any living being is to establish a form of communication with their its environment. In the case of the human being, this feature is called language. We start to learn it before birth (Murphy, 2011) and we follow perfecting it along our life. But does our mother language gives us a similar perception of the world, like other human beings with different language? Probably not, at least in certain aspects. The complex communication developed by human society has created thousands of different languages that influence in our way of thinking according to our mother language. (I loved your intro!) It would be hard to think that we could have the same capacity to interact with the environment without a language as tool. And by the way, this could be the main feature that make us different to other animals. But unlike them, we have achieved to encode that ability in different ways, depending on the place that our culture has evolved. In addition, speakers of different languages differ in how they can remember things they did (Boroditsky, 2011). In return, there are other speakers who lack common skills in certain languages. Kuuk Thanyore, an Australian tribe, do not use in their language the same spatial relations that Spanish or German speakers. They do not have in their dialect terms like: "left", "right", "behind", or "forward". Instead of these, they use the cardinal points. This feature allows them to have a better spatial location than speakers of other languages that do not have this particularity (Boroditsky, 2011). A study conductued(realize is a false cognate) realized by the neuroscientist cognitive Michael Frank (2008), describes a small tribe in the Amazon called PirahĂŁ that does not use numbers to count. They use terms like "around one", "some", or "many". This has resulted in that for members of this community is difficult to accurately distinguish between groups with certain amount of objects (Hartshorne, 2009).
MOTHER LANGUAGE INFLUENCE THE WAY WE THINK It is also interesting to note that the words to designate the colors change depending on the language. Since the light spectrum is continuous and the divisions that we do in it are arbitrary (i.e., we decide as a culture that certain frequency some other we are going to call "yellow", from one to another we will call "green", etc.), the fact that a language has more or less words for colors determines that the speakers of that language "see" more colors or less. Logically the eyes do not change, but the perception that we have of colors, it seems that yes (Kozara, 2011). It seems that a speaker develop special features in contrast to speakers with another language, encoding our dialect and reflecting this in the way we think. As well as the Kuuk Thanyore tribe that use cardinal points for be located in the space, having a better spatial location with this, the PirahĂŁ tribe that has problems for make a distinction between a specific quantity of objects, or our perception about colors, we could find many more examples. Definitely, our mother language is the tool with which we explore the world.
References Boroditsky, L. (2011). How Language Shape Thought. Scientific American, 64. Hartshorne, J. (2009). Does Language Shape What We Think? Scientific American. Kozara, R. (20 de November de 2011). eagereyes. Obtenido de eagereyes: https://eagereyes.org/blog/2011/you-only-see-colors-you-can-name Talks, T. (Director). (2011). Annie Murphy: What We Learn Before Birth [Motion Picture].
EXPLORATION ESSAY
Running Head: SOCIAL INEQUALITIES AND EDUCATION
How Social Inequalities Influence in the Access to Education Ángel S. Rodríguez Yachay Tech University Course L6-009
SOCIAL INEQUALITIES AND EDUCATION How Social Inequalities Influence in the Access to Education Although education is a right not everyone can access it in the same way. The different levels of social inequality around the world have resulted in that access to education is conditioned to economic resources (Greibe, 2011). Around one billion people with disabilities also face these problems (Walker, 2013) and the differences between white students and minority students continues to perpetuate social and economic inequality (Williamss, 2003). To try to improve this situation many governments and international organizations carry out programs that allow more people to access to this right. However, not all the efforts they do have the desired improvement results. In any case, it should be considered vital to the development of a society continue creating opportunities that decrease this type of inequality. Before anything, it is important to highlight that education is an essential right to being vital to the economy and the social and cultural development (Humanium). The absence of this right makes it more likely that poverty spreads, as well as many other types of social inequalities (Global Partnership for Education, 2016). It is for this reason that to provide greater opportunities for the population in general, it must be accessible to all children and be of excellent quality. According to a recent study that compares 150 scientific articles, countries with greater social inequalities have worse levels of academic performance (Wilkinson, 2009). This results in a rather worrying situation, because there are few countries that have no considerable inequalities. Today, education remains inaccessible for millions of children. It is estimated that there are 72 million children unschooled and 759 million adults that are illiterate and do not have the awareness necessary to improve both their living conditions and those of their children (Humanium).
The causes that provoke a difficult access to education can be various but could be summarized in marginalization and poverty and financial deficits in developing countries SOCIAL INEQUALITIES AND EDUCATION (Humanium) . The different types of discrimination related to gender, health, and cultural identity (ethnic origin, language, religion) influence significantly to strengthen this problem (ibid). On the other hand, the lack of financial resources or poor distribution of these resources by Governments, does that not to create schools, providing school supplies, nor recruit or train teachers (ibid). As a result, the unschooled people indices are too high. The problems of access to education vary considerably from region to region. For example, in the case of Ecuador, as well as in Latin America, the huge economic inequalities influence considerably on this phenomenon (CEPAL, 2007). On the other hand, in other parts of the world, as in some Middle Eastern countries, where religion is of great significance to their society, it has created a discrimination toward women to be educated (AmnistĂa Internacional, 2012). As well as the causes that provoke this problem can be various, also could be the solutions. Anyway, we could say that both Governments and citizens have a responsibility to do something about it. Governments, for their part, should be responsible for promoting policies that may allocate greater resources to education to make it of quality and with access for the population in general, regardless of the economic situation of the individual. While citizens could help to the decrease of social prejudices that cause some kind of discrimination. In short, it is vital for all actors in society to contribute to improve the access to education. If the premise is to provide this right to the entire population, must avoid creating economic barriers to access to it. Such inequalities are very common around the world. Following the same line, the contribution of the citizens is vital. They should promote actions that reduce the various forms of
discrimination that relate to the problem of access to education. In this way, we could aspire to live a world with greater equality of opportunity for all.
References Amnistía Internacional. (9 de Abril de 2012). Amnistía Internacional. Retrieved from Amnistía Internacional: https://www.es.amnesty.org/actua/acciones/mujeres-oriente-medio-norteafrica/ CEPAL. (2007). Cohesión Social. Santiago de Chile: Naciones Unidas. Global Partnership for Education. (2016). Global Partnership for Education. Obtenido de Global Partnership for Education: http://www.globalpartnership.org/education Greibe, A. (2011). Oportunidades Educativas y Desigualdad: Percepciones Respecto a la Incidencia de la Educación en la Estructura Social. Espacio Abierto, 264. Humanium. (s.f.). Humanium - Together for Children's Rights. Obtenido de Humanium - Together for Children's Rights: http://www.humanium.org/en/world/right-to-education/ Walker, J. (2013). Equal Right, Equal Opportunity: Inclusive Education For Children With Disabilities. New York. Wilkinson, R. (2009). The Spirit Level: Why More Equal Societies Almost Always Do Better. London: Allen Lane. Williamss, B. (2003). Closing the Achievement Gap: A Vision for Changing Beliefs and Practices. Alexandria.
INTERPRETATION ESSAY
Running head: ANIMAL EXPLOITATION & ART
The Expression of Animal Exploitation Through of 29h59'59' Óscar Guarnizo & Sebastián Rodríguez Yachay Tech University
L6-009 English Class
ANIMAL EXPLOITATION & ART The Expression of Animal Exploitation through of 29h59'59' Environmental groups are not the only ones who are fighting for the rights of the animals. The art is also present through works such as the Chinese artist Liu Qiang. His sculpture 29h59'59'' is a sample that art can be a powerful tool for fighting for some social cause, in this case for the rights of the animals. Following an artistic approach, we are going to consider and analyze three aspects: color, size and shape. The colour, which Liu Quiang used in his sculpture, is a mix between pale and earthy. This mix gives an aspect of a pink color which probability express an emotional balance (The Color Pink, n.d.). However, the more notable in this sculpture, keeping in mind the color, is the use of a single color in the whole sculpture. Thus, the use of a single color gives a style of uniformity, giving the same characteristics to people and cow (Understanding the Meaning of Colors in Color Psychology, n.d.). In that manner, it seems like the intention of artist is not to focus in this part; he doesn’t want it. The true intention of artist is to stand out and center the attention of people in other aspect like the shape or the size. Then, the size that apparently is the highlight in the sculpture because it gives a great contrast between a big cow and small people (Yeung, 2012). In that manner, focusing in the small people which seems to have different ages, they can be find babies, teenagers and adults. At the same time, it could be observed that people are naked and misshapen. Then, the formation and creation of people's figures seems to be random and without full care because some figures don't coincide with others (Yeung, 2012). In contrast with people, the big cow seems to have more care in her creation which caused that the cow is more notable by her big size and some details like her face with pain and angry (Yeung, 2012). In that manner, the artist achieves that the center of attention is the cow. At the same manner it could be analyzed the shapes which the sculpture has. According to the shape, this sculpture is organic or natural. (Cousins, 2015). Because, it can be stablished that the
ANIMAL EXPLOITATION & ART sculpture is formed mostly by curves, but also it can present some lines which forms some figures. In that manner, there is a mix of circles, ellipsis and triangles. The circles and ellipsis are represented in the udders, and people’s ass and cow’s ass. Thus, it could give an idea of movement toward everywhere in people (Cousins, 2015). Then, the movement is more remarkable with the triangle that people forms; they seem to be going from the bot to the top of cow (Cousins, 2015). We can give an interpretation of the work’s meaning based on the number, the expressions of the characters and the title. Regarding the first, the large number of people who want to reach the cow's udder, could refer to over-exploitation towards other animals by humans. In addition, expressions of despair in humans could represent the dependence of consumption resources coming from animals, or particularly to cow's milk. The title which placed his sculpture Qiang is quite appropriate to convey their message. “29h59'59''” may be likened to the hours that one day, perhaps suggesting that we are "exceeding a limit". The context of the work helps us to understand the motivation that Liu Qiang may have had to create something like this. Around the animal exploitation there are several troubling consequences that relate to climate change, uses of water, deforestation, extinction of species, waste, fishing, use of land, etc. To mention a few of these: 51% of greenhouse gas emissions come from livestock and their derived products vs 13% of emissions coming from transportation (United Nations, 2006); on the other hand, the beef, dairy, and eggs industry used 1/3 of the fresh water on the planet (Forks Over Knifes). So, for the last is very important to keep in mind that in this sculpture there are more characteristics which everyone could define and interpret. Ones could be more interesting that others, but everything will be used to send a main message ¨To say no to the animal exploitation¨
References Cousins C. (2015.) The (Sometimes Hidden) Meaning of Shapes. Retrieved from http: https://designshack.net/articles/layouts/the-sometimes-hidden-meaning-of-shapes/ "Livestock's Long Shadow: Enviromental Issues and Options." Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2006. http://www.fao.org/docrep/010/a701e/a0701e00.htm "Freshwater Abuse and Loss: Where Is It All Going?" Forks Over Knives. http://www.forksoverknives.com/freshwater-abuse-and-loss-where-is-it-all-go (n.d.) Understanding the Meaning of Colors in Color Psychology [Web blog post]. Retrieved from http://www.empower-yourself-with-color-psychology.com/meaning-of-colors.html (n.d.) The Color Pink [Web blog post]. Retrieved from http://www.empower-yourself-with-colorpsychology.com/color-pink.html Yeung C. (2012). 798 [Web blog post]. Retrieved from http://blogs.ubc.ca/clayeung/2012/12/03/798/
ARGUMENTATION ESSAY
FINAL RESEARCH PROJECT ESSAY
Running Head: COW’S MILK AND HUMAN HEALTH
Cow's Milk Consumption and its Influence on Human Health Sebastián Rodríguez Yachay Tech University L6-009 Friday, July 08 2016
Abstract Considering the widespread misconception that consumption of cow's milk (CM) and dairy products is good for the health of people, in the present research is an analysis of several scientific articles that are for and against the CM. mainly focused on his relationship with certain diseases, in addition to other studies that highlight their properties. Also received advice on the topic of two scholars of Yachay Tech University. At the end is a proposal for a study to learn about chemical substances containing cow's milk they consume the Ecuadorians, taking as sample to 10 different brands of milk. It is also suggested to work with two study groups (one that consumes little or nothing of dairy and the other who do consume them) to see if it is there it could be an illness related to the consumption of CM the Ecuadorian. Please note that this type of study may not be currently performed by lack of resources. However, it is considered that it could be a relevant research project because some authors claim that there is a relation with diseases of the heart or diabetes which are very common in people of this country. At the end of this investigation, it is concluded that the CM and dairy products could be non-recommended products pair since consumption which, long term could create problems with the health of the people. Keywords: cow’s milk, human health, lactose, chemical substances
Cow’s Milk Consumption and Its Influence on Human Health Cow's milk (CM) and its derivatives are present in the diet of several countries around the world, including Ecuador. The industry that produces get subsidies from governments for their production and maintains a constant advertising that promotes their consumption. The privileged position that enjoy this product may be due to the positive perceptions that people hold about their consumption (Bus & Worsley, 2003). Within this, some beliefs suggest that CM helps to have a good bone health (Black, et. al, 2002), that it serves for the prevention and treatment against obesity (Zemel, 2004), or that it can even serve to treat some heart pathologies (Ware, 2016). However, numerous recent studies, question many of their properties and even classified as harmful to human health. It is so, in the present investigation is carried out an analysis of various articles that cast doubt on the properties of the CM for the benefit of human health. In addition, it is proposed a study to identify the chemicals present in several brands of CM consumed in Ecuador. Literature Review In an act of the School of Nutrition on milk, Dr. Cameron Wells said: "Milk money is misspent money" (2015). This expression might be successful, considering the amount of negative characteristics of the CM. Why buy a product that would harm health? But to justify these assertions we will need to first define some important concepts. Some definitions about CM Milk. "Liquid secreted by the mammary glands of female mammals to nourish their young for a period beginning immediately after birth" (Encyclopædia Britannica, 2016). Dairy product. Products made from milk (like cheese, butter...) (Paul, 2016). Lactose. Carbohydrate composed by one molecule of glucose and one of galactose. (Encyclopædia Britannica, 2016).
Lactose Intolerance. Inability to digest the lactose in milk (Encyclopædia Britannica, 2015). Given these concepts, it is interesting to note that the human being is the only species which consumes milk of another animal, hence this act is unnatural for us (understand the word unnatural as something that is not daily for a given species). However, this fact alone does not mean it is bad, but for the specific case of this type of milk are clear implications for human health that make it questionable consumption. Although milk contains 18 of 22 essential nutrients like calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D especially important for the skeleton (Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, 2016), there are other products with most significant contributions of these nutrients. For example, considering calcium, a cup of soy milk (cup = 200 mL) contains 300 mg, one cup of orange juice contains 500 mg, and half a cup of tofu 861 mg (Schwecherl, 2014). While a cup of milk contains 250 mg of this mineral (Peñalva, 2006). Apart from the 18 nutrients in milk, this contains lactose, fat and saturated fat, in addition to chemicals that come from antibiotics which are supplied to the cows in order to prevent and / or treat diseases or for a matter of improve production. Using highly sensitive tests, scientists found that a glass of milk may contain a mixture of about 20 painkillers, antibiotics and growth hormones (Mercola, 2011). The amount of these substances can vary from country to country because quality controls for this product are not the same. For example, in Ecuador 700,000 white cells per cubic centimeter of milk are allowed (Instituto Ecuatoriano de Normalización, 2012), whereas in several European countries only allow 40,000 by the same volume (Janus, 2016). The presence of white blood cells in milk (which is the same as the pus) is given by the incidence of one of the major diseases affecting cattle: mastitis, which is basically an inflammation of the cow’s udder (Enciclopedia Britannica, 2016).
Furthermore, there is a relationship between consumption CM with other common diseases to humans. For example, a study shows that intake of dairy products may provoke an increased risk of several types of cancers, especially cancers of the reproductive system, such as prostate and breast (Danby, 2009). It contributes to a significant increase in cholesterol and saturated fat in the diet, which can lead to heart disease (Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, 2016). Likewise, it is considered that its consumption increases the risk of mortality and fractures in women and men (Michaêlsson, Wolk, & Langenskiôld, 2014). It may seem intriguing that there are other studies that show virtually the opposite. It is the case of an article published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (AJCN) that suggests that children who avoid drinking cow's milk may have poor bone health (Black, Williams, Jones, & Goulding, 2002). Another study shows that the role of calcium and dairy products influence into weight loss, or to have a healthy weight (Zemel, 2004). However, it is necessary to make a critical analysis of the sources presented by these studies. In the case of the last two references, the magazine which published has been criticized for not being impartial. The scientific Marion Nestle accused of a "blatant" conflict of interest by the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition board that has resulted in "the results of sponsored studies almost invariably benefit the sponsor." Nestle states that of the member editorial board "the majority—7 of the 12—list major corporate affiliations. The list of food companies for which they consult or advise [...] includes Coca-Cola, The Sugar Association, McDonald’s, Kellogg, and many others." (Nestle, 2014). Application: Study Proposal The objective of the proposal seeks to know what chemicals are present in different samples of CM that Ecuadorians consume. This information would be useful to promote other studies which could focus on understanding the relationship of these substances with some common diseases in Ecuador as diabetes or certain heart pathologies. As previously mentioned, because the quality
controls carried out in each country on the CM cannot be the same, this implies that this product contains substances that may also be different or be in different proportions. The following activities are proposed: 1. Analyze the chemical composition of 10 samples of cow's milk of different brands that are consumed in Ecuador. 2. Find out what antibiotics and substances are given to cows in 3 farms or associations in the country. 3. Identify two distinct groups of people: one with a high rate of consumption of dairy and one that does not have a high rate of this type (control group). 4. Knowing the clinical history (diseases) of the people in these two groups. For these activities that would involve a meta-analysis of the data found in groups, along with an experimental design of the analysis of substances present in milk should be important to define the subject of study and sample size. It is possible that the first and second proposed item, could be achievable in the short term, however for the third and fourth point, with the aim of having relevant data would need more study time. To reference the size of the group of people, we might consider one of the studies cited in this investigation. In the case of article analyzing milk intake and risk of mortality and fractures, they worked with about 30,000 people over a period of 20.1 years, which gives a high degree of reliability research. In contrast, the study that talk about poor bone health in children who avoid milk, worked with a group of only 50 people, within a time that is not mentioned (study also previously cited). It would be considered the milk brands of the following companies: 1. Lacteos DALILAC 2. Butterfly 3. Fullpacking S.A. 4. Lartec S.A.
5. Lรกcteos San Antonio C.A. 6. Lemach 7. Pasteurizadora Quito S.A. 8. Chocono S.A. 9. Pro.la.ka. 10. Finca Chelita II The three farms or associations considered are: 1. FEDEGAN 2. Asociaciรณn de Ganaderos de la Sierra y del Oriente 3. Asociaciรณn de Ganaderos de la Costa y Regiรณn Insular Research Schedule Day 1. Get milk samples. Send request at 3 farms or associations agreeing a visit the following week. Day 2. Send the samples to a specialized laboratory. Day 7. Perform day visit to the farms or associations. If possible know their facilities. Request information about antibiotics supplying cows. Day 14: Reception of results of laboratory samples. Days 15-21: Analysis of results of samples making comparisons of the substances found with other studies related to them. Days 22-28: Comparison of results of samples of milk with the antibiotics that the three farms give to their cows. Results The bibliographic information presented suggests that cow's milk (CM) can have negative consequences for human health. The researches cited that are against of its consumption could be considered more reliable because their studies were performed with a size much larger sample and probably longer, than the studies that are in favor of its consumption.
Unfortunately it is not possible to present results of the study proposal, because it was not having been made. Professors from Yachay Tech University, Javier Alvarez and Veronica Sandoya mentioned that in the laboratories of the university is not possible do such studies because they do not have the materials and tools needed, plus you do not have sufficient reagents. Reflection I try to be vegan and someday I would like to be completely. And it is comforting to me to know that many of the things that involve this lifestyle, have scientific backing, to more of a moral justification and ethic quite strong. For this specific case of milk, I seemed amazing how much information I could find on the subject and that worth being shared. At all times it has emerged me the question: why do people not know this? And most likely it is just be for interest. Economic interests. Professor Javier Alvarez told me that the authorities or entrepreneurs are very interested in that the economy to keep 'hot' with the sale of milk, leaving aside the issue of health. He also told me that the livestock lobbies are very strong and can simply pay for include articles in newspapers or magazines highlighting the benefits of milk. Just as it happened when the WHO said that eating meat caused cancer: farmers immediately bought the opinion of "experts" to ensure that meat sales did not drop. Therefore, I believe that inform people about the truth of milk, it could reach its consumption is reduced, considering there are direct benefits to the health of people and definitely would help to reduce animal and environmental exploitation that its production entails.
References Black, R., Williams, S., Jones, I., & Goulding, A. (2002). Children who avoid drinking cow milk have low dietary calcium intakes and poor bone health. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 675-680. Bus, A., & Worsley, A. (2003). Consumers' sensory and nutritional perceptions of three types of milk. Public Health Nutritional , 201-208. Danby, W. (2009). Acne, Dairy and Cancer. Dermato-Endocrinology, 12-16. Enciclopedia Britannica. (2016). Mastitis. En T. E. Britannica, Enciclopedia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica. (2015). Lactose Intolerance. En T. E. Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica. (2016). Lactose. En T. E. Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica. (2016). Milk. En T. E. Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica. Instituto Ecuatoriano de Normalización. (2012). LECHE CRUDA. REQUISITOS. Quito: INEN. Janus, E. (Dirección). (2016). The Dairy Industry Explained in 5 Minutes [Película]. Mercola. (26 de July de 2011). Mercola.com. Obtenido de Mercola.com: http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2011/07/26/who-knew-this-cocktail-of-up-to20-chemicals-was-in-you Michaêlsson, K., Wolk, A., & Langenskiôld, S. (2014). Milk intake and risk of mortality and fractures in women and men: cohort studies. thebmj, 349:g6015. Nestle, M. (23 de February de 2014). Polemic on AJCN. Paul, S. (2016). Dairy Product. En T. E. Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica.
PeĂąalva, A. (April de 2006). traumatologiainfantil.com. Obtenido de traumatologiainfantil.com: http://www.traumatologiainfantil.com/es/otros/dieta_y_calcio Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine. (2016). Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine. Obtenido de Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine: http://www.pcrm.org/health/diets/vegdiets/health-concerns-about-dairy-products Schwecherl, L. (7 de April de 2014). GREATIST. Obtenido de GREATIST: http://greatist.com/health/18-surprising-dairy-free-sources-calcium Ware, M. (18 de March de 2016). Milk: Health Benefits and Nutritional Information. Obtenido de MNT. Wells, C. (2015). School Milk Nutrition Act. Conference of Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine. Zemel, M. (2004). Role of calcium and dairy products in energy partitioning and weight management. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 907S-912S.
REFLECTIONS
THANK YOU FOR READING MY PORTFOLIO. I HOPE YOU ENJOYED READING IT AS MUCH AS I HAVE ENJOYED THIS COURSE. SINCERELY, SEBASTIÁN RODRÍGUEZ